The main characters, "Bezhin Meadow": peasant children. How to explain why the story is called "Bezhin Meadow"? What other works, named after the place of the events taking place in them, have you read? Fedya from the story Bezhin Meadow author's attitude

Compare the stories of Pavlusha and Ilyusha about the doomsday. How are the boys' ideas different? Choose one story to retell and explain your choice.

How can you explain the ending of the story "Bezhin Meadow"?

The finale of the story "Bezhin Meadow" is simple and natural. The hunter woke up before the boys, who were sleeping by the fire, and went to his house. This is the finale of many stories in the collection “Notes of a Hunter” by I. S. Turgenev, which also includes “Bezhin Meadow”. In each of them, the hunter leaves the place where some events happened to him and goes home. But at the end of the story “Bezhin Meadow” there is a note that the author made: “Unfortunately, I must add that in the same year Pavel died. He did not drown: he killed himself, fell off his horse. It's a pity, he was a nice guy!" So, in the story about the fate of the hero, who aroused the author's sympathy, a tragic ending is added.

Follow the techniques used by the author when creating a portrait of Pavlusha: “His ugly face, animated by a fast ride, burned with bold boldness and firm determination.” What literary techniques does the author use?

Retell close to the text a fragment of the story where the author gives a description of nature.

When preparing a retelling, you need to work with a literary text: mark logical stresses, pauses. This is what the markup of a piece of text might look like.

“I didn’t have time to move two miles away, | how they already poured around me in a wide wet meadow, | and in front, over green hills, | from forest to forest,| and behind along a long dusty road, | through sparkling, stained bushes, | and along the river, | bashfully blue from under the glowing fog, - At first scarlet ones were suitable, | then red, golden streams of young hot light ... "Material from the site http://iEssay.ru

Prepare the speech characteristics of the boys from the story "Bezhin Meadow".

There were five boys by the fire, and each of them differs in voice, manner of communication, and speech. Ilyusha speaks in a "hoarse and weak voice", he is very verbose and prone to repetition. Pavlusha “had strength in his voice”, he is clear and convincing. Kostya spoke in a "thin voice" and at the same time knew how to describe events. Fedya "with a patronizing air" kept up the conversation, but he himself did not condescend to telling stories. We did not immediately hear Vanya's "childish voice", which was still too early to be a narrator.

You can talk in great detail about the manner of speaking Pavlusha and Ilyusha, who differ greatly from each other in their speech characteristics.

Pavlusha speaks clearly, thinks logically, tries to substantiate his judgments when telling a story. He, perhaps, alone is endowed with a sense of humor, the ability to see the comic side of the events that he observes.

Ilyusha is verbose and prone to repetition, he emotionally experiences what he talks about, and does not even try to organize his speech or find any convincing evidence of the veracity of his stories.

Where Pavlusha laughs, Ilyusha gets frightened, where Pavlusha understands the everyday causes of events, Ilyusha draws everything in a gloomy fog of mystery.

It can be concluded that the speech characteristic helps to understand the character of a person.

How does the author manage to show a different attitude towards each of the boys in the story "Bezhin Meadow"? Find words that show this attitude.

At first, I. S. Turgenev is going to simply introduce the reader to the boys. Describing each of them, he said about one thing - "I liked him anyway ...", and about Kostya - he "excited my curiosity with his thoughtful and sad look." But after the first acquaintance, the author more than once adds incidental clarifications. Ilyusha replies "... in a hoarse and weak voice, the sound of which corresponded perfectly to the expression of his face ...", a little later we also hear "Vanya's child's voice."

However, the most convincing evidence of the author's attitude to each of his characters comes from the description of the stories themselves told by the boys, in the words of the author that accompany these stories. It is worth remembering how Pavlusha and Ilyusha told about the same event, and we will immediately say that the author's sympathies are on the side of Pavlusha.

In the story of I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow" we meet with a hunter who got lost in the forest, on whose behalf the narration is being conducted. He belonged, by all indications, to a wealthy family and went out into the field not out of need, but just for fun. All the images of the boys in Turgenev's story turned out to be bright and expressive. He listened attentively to all the boys, but showed with all his appearance that he did not believe in their stories.

Watching them and listening to their conversation, the hunter gives each of the guys a detailed description, noting their natural talent. And although he looked unprepossessing, Ivan Petrovich immediately liked him. What a nice boy!" - so appreciated his hunter. Only now the innate courage and strong character did not reward him with a long life.

What did I.S. Turgenev want to convey with the images of the boys around the campfire?

It's a pity, he was a nice guy!" - Turgenev ends his story with sadness in his soul. During the conversation, he behaves businesslike, asks questions, puts on airs, patronizingly allows the boys to share amazing stories. Ilyusha is a twelve-year-old boy with an insignificant appearance, hook-nosed, with an elongated, blind-sighted face, expressing "some kind of dull, painful solicitude."

How does the author manage to show a different attitude towards each of the boys in the story "Bezhin Meadow"? Find words that show this attitude.

Ilyusha differs from the rest of the village boys in his ability to retell scary stories in an interesting and exciting way. However, he also retells to his friends the story he heard from his father about the mermaid, about the voice from the buchil, and also about the unfortunate Vasya, a boy from his village. The hunter, listening to their conversation, highlights each boy's own characteristics and notices their gift. The oldest of them is Fedya. He comes from a rich family, and at night he went out for fun.

He also had a comb, a rare item among peasant children. The boy is slender, unemployed, with beautiful and small features, with blond hair, "white hand". He paid attention to his talent: Pavlusha looked very smart and direct, "and there was strength in his voice." The author paid attention to the clothing at the very last turn.

The boy is very superstitious, he believes in mermen and mermaids, which he told the rest of the guys about. He imitates adults, in his speech he often says "my brothers." The author called Kostya a coward for his fear of wolves, comparing him with Pavel.

Businesslike and serious, with all their childish spontaneity, the guys make us not only smile, but also real respect. Night, bonfires, conversations while waiting for "potatoes" - this is not fun at all.

He was not afraid when he went alone into the darkness to the river, because "I wanted to drink some water." In the unhurried conversations of the boys, in the “tales” they told about goblin, water and mermaids, all the richness of the spiritual world of a simple Russian person is revealed to us. In the poetic story "Bezhin Meadow" images of peasant children appear. Turgenev gives their detailed emotional and psychological characteristics. These guys are very mobile and inquisitive.

In peasant boys, Turgenev reveals the poetic nature of the Russian people, their living connection with their native nature. Against the backdrop of the poetic and mysterious Central Russian nature, the author draws village children at night with extraordinary sympathy. The lost hunter joins the bonfires and, in the mysterious light of the fire, peers into the faces of the boys.

Description of Ilyusha from the story "Bezhin Meadow"

A lost hunter likes the rare prowess, determination, courage and modesty of Pavlusha, who gallops after the dogs on a frightening night, without even a simple twig in his hands. The hunter also likes little Kostya, endowed with a “thoughtful look” and a developed imagination. Real life, according to Turgenev, will soon dispel the illusions and mystical moods of the boys, but will certainly preserve their rare poetic feelings.

This is a collection that includes essays, short stories and novellas. In the story "Bezhin Meadow" the protagonist got lost after hunting, lost his way and ended up in a meadow near the river. There he met "peasant children from neighboring villages who guarded the herd."

In the story, a portrait of each of the boys is very briefly and clearly given and their stories are told in detail. The author does not give a portrait description of Vanya, he only writes that he was only seven years old. He lay and did not move under his matting. One of the boys met by the hunter in the valley was Pavlusha. All the scary stories in the story are chosen in such a way that they are in harmony with the night landscape and with the excitement of children who are craving something extraordinary.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev belongs to the galaxy of remarkable Russian writers of the 19th century, who received world recognition and the love of readers during their lifetime. In his works, he poetically described the pictures of Russian nature, the beauty of human feelings. The work of Ivan Sergeevich is a complex world of human psychology. With the story "Bezhin Meadow", the image of the children's world and child psychology was first introduced into Russian literature. With the appearance of this story, the theme of the world of Russian peasants expanded.

History of creation

Peasant children are drawn by the writer with tenderness and love, he notes their rich spiritual world, the ability to feel nature and its beauty. The writer aroused in readers love and respect for peasant children, made them think about their future fate. The story itself is part of a large cycle under the general title "Notes of a Hunter". The cycle is notable for the fact that for the first time in Russian literature, types of Russian peasants are brought to the stage, described with such sympathy and detail that Turgenev's contemporaries considered that a new estate had appeared that was worthy of a literary description.

In 1843 I.S. Turgenev met the famous critic V.G. Belinsky, who inspired him to create the "Hunter's Notes". In 1845, Ivan Sergeevich decided to devote himself entirely to literature. He spent summers in the countryside, devoting all his free time to hunting and socializing with peasants and their children. For the first time, plans for creating a work were announced in August September 1850. Then, notes appeared on the draft manuscript containing plans for writing a story. At the beginning of 1851, the story was written in St. Petersburg and in February was published in the Sovremennik magazine.

Analysis of the work

Plot

The story is told from the perspective of the author, who loves to hunt. One day in July, while hunting for black grouse, he got lost and, going to the fire of a burning fire, went to a huge meadow, which the locals called Bezhin. Five peasant boys were sitting near the fire. Asking them for a lodging for the night, the hunter lay down by the fire, watching the boys.

In the further narration, the author describes five heroes: Vanya, Kostya, Ilya, Pavlusha and Fedor, their appearance, characters and stories of each of them. Turgenev has always been partial to spiritual and emotionally gifted people, sincere and honest. These are the people he describes in his works. Most of them live hard, while they adhere to high moral principles, are very demanding of themselves and others.

Heroes and characteristics

With deep sympathy, the author describes five boys, each of whom has his own character, appearance, and characteristics. Here is how the writer describes one of the five boys, Pavlusha. The boy is not very handsome, his face is wrong, but the author notices a strong character in his voice and look. His appearance speaks of the extreme poverty of the family, since all his clothes consisted of a simple shirt and patched trousers. It is he who is entrusted to monitor the stew in the pot. He speaks with knowledge of the matter about the fish splashing in the water and about the star that rolled down from the sky.

From his actions and speech, it is clear that he is the most courageous of all the guys. This boy causes the greatest sympathy not only for the author, but also for the reader. With one twig, not afraid, at night, he rode alone on the wolf. Pavlusha knows all animals and birds very well. He is brave and not afraid to accept. When he says that it seemed to him what the waterman called him, the cowardly Ilyusha says that this is a bad omen. But Pavel answers him that he does not believe in omens, but believes in fate, from which you cannot escape anywhere. At the end of the story, the author informs the reader that Pavlusha died after falling from his horse.

Next comes Fedya, a fourteen-year-old boy “with handsome and thin, slightly small features, curly blond hair, bright eyes and a constant half-joyful, half-scattered smile. He belonged, by all indications, to a wealthy family and went into the field not out of need, but just for fun. He is the oldest among the guys. He behaves importantly, by the right of an elder. He speaks patronizingly, as if fearing to drop his dignity.

The third boy, Ilyusha, was completely different. Also a simple peasant boy. He looks no more than twelve years old. His insignificant, long, hook-nosed face had a permanent expression of dull, sickly solicitude. His lips were compressed and did not move, and his eyebrows were drawn together, as if he was squinting from the fire all the time. The boy is neat. As Turgenev describes his appearance, "the rope carefully pulled together his neat black scroll." He is only 12 years old, but he already works with his brother in a paper mill. It can be concluded that he is a hardworking and responsible boy. Ilyusha, as the author noted, knew well all the popular beliefs, which Pavlik completely denied.

Kostya looked no more than 10 years old, his small freckled face was pointed like a squirrel's, huge black eyes stood out on him. He was also poorly dressed, thin, of small stature. He spoke in a thin voice. The author's attention is attracted by his sad, thoughtful look. He is a little cowardly boy, but, nevertheless, he goes out with the boys every night to graze horses, sit by the night fire and listen to scary stories.

The most inconspicuous boy of all five is seven-year-old Vanya, who was lying near the fire, “quietly crouching under the angular matting, and only occasionally sticking out his blond curly head from under it.” He is the youngest of all, the writer does not give him a portrait description. But all his actions, admiring the night sky, admiring the stars, which he compares with bees, characterize him as an inquisitive, sensitive and very sincere person.

All the peasant children mentioned in the story are very close to nature, they literally live in unity with it. From early childhood, they already know what work is, they independently learn about the world around them. This is facilitated by work at home and in the field, and during trips to the "night". Therefore, Turgenev describes them with such love and reverent attention. These children are our future.

The writer's story does not belong only to the time of its creation, to the 19th century. This story is profoundly modern and timely at all times. Today, more than ever, a return to nature is required, to the understanding that it is necessary to protect it and live with it in unity, like a beloved mother, but not a stepmother. To educate our children on labor and respect for it, on respect for the working person. Then the world around us will change, become cleaner and more beautiful.

1. How to explain why the story is called "Bezhin Meadow"? What other works, named after the place of the events taking place in them, have you read?

The story is called "Bezhin Meadow" after the place where its events took place. Bezhin meadow is located thirteen kilometers from the estate of I. S. Turgenev Spasskoe-Lutovinovo. In addition to small stories, named after the place where the events described in them took place, there are large works, for example, the epic novel “Quiet Flows the Don” by M. A. Sholokhov.

2. What signs of good summer weather that the Russian farmer knew did Turgenev point out?

The story "Bezhin Meadow" begins with a very detailed description of all the signs of persistent good weather in the summer in central Russia. This description is not only accurate, but also beautiful. Together with the author, we observe how the sky above us changes, and we learn to connect the beauty of living nature with those phenomena that this beauty helps to understand. Before us is a kind of weather forecast, which a Russian peasant of the 19th century knew how to make.

We read at the beginning of the story:

“From early morning the sky is clear; the morning dawn does not burn with fire: it spreads with a gentle blush ... ";

“The sun is not fiery, not hot, as during a sultry drought, not dull crimson, as before a storm, but bright and welcomingly radiant ...”;

“The upper, thin edge of the stretched cloud will sparkle with snakes ...”;

“But here again the playing rays poured in, - and merrily and majestically, as if taking off, the mighty luminary rises ...”.

3. Try to describe the state of summer nature: morning, afternoon, evening.

We have just remembered how the morning is described in the story. Now let's watch the evening: “By evening, these clouds disappear; the last of them, blackish and indefinite as smoke, fall in rosy puffs against the setting sun; in the place where it set as calmly as it calmly ascended into the sky, a scarlet radiance stands for a short time over the darkened earth, and, quietly blinking, like a carefully carried candle, the evening star will light up on it.

You can take another fragment, but each description conveys to us both the beauty of nature and the exact description of the signs of summer weather familiar to the peasants.

4. Describe the hunter's first encounter with peasant children from neighboring villages. Like the author, give a general description of the boys.

“Children’s sonorous voices rang out around the lights, two or three boys rose from the ground ... These ... were peasant children from neighboring villages ...”; “There were five boys in all: Fedya, Pavlusha, Ilyusha, Kostya and Vanya.” The boys rode at night and were engaged in conversation until the hunter appeared. They were between seven and fourteen years old. All the guys were from different families in terms of wealth, and therefore they differed not only in clothes, but also in their manner of holding on. But the boys were friendly with each other and talked with interest, their conversation attracted the attention of the hunter.

5. Create a portrait of one of the boys of your choice.

Most often, students choose to describe Pavlusha as the most courageous and decisive boy. But some girls choose Ilyusha because he knew a lot of scary stories and they can be included in the story, which makes the story more interesting. Those who want to answer shorter, choose Vanya's portrait.

The story about any boy should be small. We propose to build it according to the general plan.

1. The appearance of the boy.
2. His role is among the campfire buddies.
3. The stories they told.
4. Attitude to other people's stories.
5. The idea of ​​the character of the boy.
6. The attitude of the author to this hero.

If you choose Pavlushu for the story, then you must definitely decide how you explain the reason for his death. Most often they talk about an absurd accident, but one cannot ignore the fact that Pavlusha was very brave and took an unjustified risk, and this could ruin him.

In the story, a portrait of each of the boys is very briefly and clearly given and their stories are told in detail. So it is not difficult to select the necessary sentences from the text and combine them into one story according to the above plan.

6. Which character did you like the most? Which boy do you think the author likes the most? Try to prove it with text.

When they discuss those boys whom we see around the fire, the sympathies of the majority are on the side of Pavlusha. And his advantages are easy to prove: he is bold, resolute, less superstitious than his comrades. Therefore, each of his stories about mysterious events is distinguished by the desire to understand the reasons for what is happening, and not the desire to look for a terrible secret in these events. But Pavlusha is liked not only by the majority of readers, I.S. Turgenev himself speaks of his sympathy for him on the pages of the story: “The kid was unsightly, - what can I say! - but still I liked him: he looked very smart and direct, and there was strength in his voice.

7. Turgenev called the stories told by the boys, first stories, then legends, then beliefs. Modern scientists call them bylichki. Explain what each of these words means. Which of them more accurately conveys the features of children's stories?

Tales are usually called unreliable stories of people who are trying to deceive their listeners. Most often, this word is used, dismissively evaluating someone's untruthful account of events. Tradition is most often called an oral story about historical events or figures, which is passed down from generation to generation. This genre of folklore is often replaced by the word legend, which also tells about long-gone events. The word belief has a similar meaning. The word bylin-ka was created recently and is used to characterize works of folklore that deal with events involving the storytellers themselves or people close to them.

8. Retell one of the stories close to the text. Try to explain how she could appear.

You can use the very first bylinka that the hunter heard from Ilyusha. This is a story about what happened in the roll, a tiny paper factory where boys worked. Having stayed overnight at their workplace, they had just begun to tell all sorts of scary stories and remembered the brownie, when they immediately heard someone's steps. They were frightened, first of all, because they were sure: the brownie can be heard, but not seen. And the steps and the fuss above their heads were clearly audible, and even someone began to descend the stairs ... And although the door to the room where they all lay flung open and they did not see anyone there, this did not calm them down. Then, suddenly, someone “how she coughs, how she coughs, like some kind of sheep ...”.

In each class there are students who immediately talk about a sheep that, probably, accidentally wandered into a paper factory and began to roam its stairs, and the frightened guys mistook the sounds they heard for tricks of the house.

So, everyday observations can explain each of the stories told at the campfire. At the same time, it is important not that fears most often turned out to be the fruit of fiction, but how inventive the narrators were and how they sought to understand the causes of a variety of incidents.

9. Compare the stories of Pavlusha and Ilyusha about the doomsday. How are the boys' ideas different? Choose one story to retell and explain your choice.

The stories about the same episode - about a solar eclipse (doomsday) - in Pavlusha and Ilyusha differ sharply from each other. Pavlusha tells very succinctly, briefly, he sees in the events that caused the doomsday, the funny side: the cowardice of his fellow villagers, the inability to understand what is going on. Ilyusha, on the contrary, is full of delight before an unusual event, and no jokes come to his mind. He even tends to scare listeners a little and claims that "he (Trish-ka) will come when the end times come."

When choosing one story for your retelling, you need to explain why the choice was made. Usually boys choose Pavlusha's story for the laconicism of speech, for a cheerful grin at what frightens others. Girls, on the other hand, often sympathize with Ilya-she, and some even tend to empathize with his fears.

10. How can you explain the ending of the story "Bezhin Meadow"?

The finale of the story "Bezhin Meadow" is simple and natural. The hunter woke up before the boys, who were sleeping by the fire, and went to his house. This is the finale of many stories in the collection “Notes of a Hunter” by I. S. Turgenev, which also includes “Bezhin Meadow”. In each of them, the hunter leaves the place where some events happened to him and goes home. But at the end of the story “Bezhin Meadow” there is a note that the author made: “Unfortunately, I must add that in the same year Pavel died. He did not drown: he killed himself, fell off his horse. It's a pity, he was a nice guy!" So, in the story about the fate of the hero, who aroused sympathy in the author, a tragic ending is added.

11. Follow the techniques used by the author when creating a portrait of Pavlusha: “His ugly face, animated by fast driving, burned with bold boldness and firm determination.” What artistic techniques does the author use?
12. Retell close to the text a fragment of the story, where the author gives a description of nature.

When preparing a retelling, you need to work with a literary text: mark logical stresses, pauses. This is what the markup of a piece of text might look like.

“I didn’t have time to move two miles away, | how they already poured around me in a wide wet-rum meadow, | and in front, over green hills, | from forest to forest,| and behind along a long dusty road, | through sparkling, stained bushes, | and along the river, | bashfully blue from under the glowing fog - At first the scarlet ones were good, | then red, golden streams of young hot light ... " material from the site

13. Prepare the speech characteristics of the boys from the story "Bezhin Meadow".

There were five boys by the fire, and each of them differs in voice, manner of communication, and speech. Ilyusha speaks in a "hoarse and weak voice", he is very verbose and prone to repetition. Pavlusha “had strength in his voice”, he is clear and convincing. Kostya spoke in a "thin voice" and at the same time knew how to describe events. Fedya "with a patronizing air" kept up the conversation, but he himself did not condescend to telling stories. We didn’t immediately hear Vanya’s “childish voice”, which was still too early to be a storyteller.

You can talk in great detail about the manner of speaking Pavlusha and Ilyusha, who differ greatly from each other in their speech characteristics.

Pavlusha speaks clearly, thinks logically, tries to substantiate his judgments when telling a story. He, perhaps, alone is endowed with a sense of humor, the ability to see the comic side of the events that he observes.

Ilyusha is verbose and prone to repetition, he emotionally experiences what he is talking about, and does not even try to organize his speech or find any convincing evidence of the veracity of his stories.

Where Pavlusha laughs, Ilyusha gets frightened, where Pavlusha understands the everyday causes of events, Ilyusha draws everything in a gloomy fog of mystery.

It can be concluded that speech characteristics help to understand the character of a person.

14. How does the author manage to show a different attitude towards each of the boys in the story "Bezhin Meadow"? Find words that show this bearing.

First, I. S. Turgenev is going to simply introduce the reader to the boys. Describing each of them, he said about one thing - "but I liked him anyway ...", and about Kostya - he "excited my curiosity with his thoughtful and sad look." But after the first acquaintance, the author more than once adds incidental clarifications. Ilyusha replies "... in a hoarse and weak voice, the sound of which perfectly matched the expression of his face ...", a little later we also hear "Vanya's childish voice."

However, the most convincing evidence of the author's attitude towards each of his heroes comes from the description of the stories themselves told by the boys, in the words of the author that accompany these stories. It is worth recalling how Pavlusha and Ilyusha told about the same event, and we will immediately say that the author's sympathies are on the side of Pavlusha.

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Detailed solution Page 49-79p. in Literature for 6th grade students, authors Mushinskaya T.F., Perevoznaya E.V., Karatay S.N. 2014

1. What did you find interesting and close in this story?

2. What episodes made the greatest impression on you?

I was impressed by the episodes where children talk about unusual incidents from the life of the village, especially about the mermaid, the stories of drowned people, about the solar eclipse, the story of the boy Vasya and his mother. All stories are interesting in their own way.

READING, REFLECTING

1. Which of the boys' stories do you find most interesting? How? Which one would you like to read again?

I liked Pavlusha's story about the end of the world, as well as Ilyusha's story about the huntsman Yermila and "byasha". Pavlushin's story was interestingly told, caused laughter, and Ilyusha's story about "byasha" also made me laugh. These two stories have been re-read several times.

2. You probably noticed that there are three narrators. These are Ilyusha, Kostya and Pavlusha. Select from the text all the stories told by each of them. Whose story scared the boys more, whose cheered them up? Whose story do you think the author likes best?

Of all the stories, Pavlusha's story amused me. Ilyusha's story about the kennel Yermil frightened me, because at the most interesting moment the dogs barked sharply. We think the author liked the story of Pavlusha, as he told it better and more interesting than anyone else.

3. What a person tells always characterizes him in some way. What do you think, how do the three storytelling boys differ from each other in their attitude to the environment (that is, what aspects of life and human behavior are most interesting for each of them)? Compare the way you speak. How is it different for Kostya? At Pavlusha? The narrator? Who do you think the guys imitate in the manner of narration?

Boy storytellers are very different from each other. Ilyusha from all his friends, this boy was distinguished by great skill in telling scary stories. These stories are very interesting and captivating. He could tell his friends a large number of them without interruption: about werewolves, and about the brownie, and about the water, and about the dead, and about the fortune-telling that takes place on parental Saturdays, about the peasant with the goblin. He is able to capture the attention of the entire boyish company, sitting with him at the night fire. He is a dreamer and inventor.

Pavlusha - listens to stories with interest, but has a real attitude to life, he is not a coward, brave, calm, wise in some way. He loves the surrounding nature and, unlike all others, notices the beauty of the world around them.

Kostya is impressionable, a little cowardly, but kind, compassionate, and emotional.

All boys to some extent imitate adults in their manner of telling. Who to the father, who to the neighbor or the person from whom he heard the story. Their speech is rich in various words characteristic of the area where they lived.

4. Compare portraits of boys. What artistic detail is emphasized in them? Try to match the portrait and the story of each of the guys. What differences become noticeable in their characters, interests, behavior? Which of them is more active and courageous? Who is the dreamer and visionary? Who has the gift of poetic imagination? Which of the boys knows the life of nature better?

Ilyusha is a twelve-year-old boy with an insignificant appearance, hook-nosed, with an elongated, blind-sighted face, expressing "some kind of dull, painful solicitude." The author emphasizes how poor this peasant boy looked: "He was wearing new bast shoes and onuchi; a thick rope, twisted three times around the camp, carefully pulled together his neat black scroll." And his low felt cap, from under which sharp braids of yellow hair stuck out, he kept pulling over his ears with both hands.

Ilyusha differs from the rest of the village boys in his ability to retell scary stories in an interesting and exciting way. He told his friends 7 stories: about the brownie that happened to him and his comrades, about the werewolf, about the late master Ivan Ivanovich, about fortune-telling on parental Saturday, about the Antichrist Trishka, about the peasant and the goblin, and about the water.

Pavlusha's appearance was unsightly: a huge head, uncombed hair, a pale face, an awkward body. But Ivan Petrovich admires his "bold prowess and firm determination" when, unarmed, he rode alone at the wolf at night and did not boast about it at all. He paid attention to his talent: Pavlusha looked very intelligent and direct, "and there was strength in his voice." The author paid attention to the clothing at the very last turn. It consisted of a simple shirt and ports. Pavel behaves calmer and braver than anyone: after the terrible story told by Kostya, he was not afraid, but calmed the boys and turned the conversation to another topic. Pavel himself, a bright, intelligent boy, only listens to stories about "evil spirits", tells about real events that took place in his village during a solar eclipse. He is interested in the surrounding nature, notices everything, knows a lot about animals and birds.

Ten-year-old Kostya attracted the hunter's attention with the thoughtful and sad look of his black shining eyes. Kostya's face is small, thin, he himself is short. The boy is very superstitious, he believes in mermen and mermaids, which he told the rest of the guys about. He imitates adults, in his speech he often says "my brothers." The author called Kostya a coward for his fear of wolves, comparing him with Pavel. But Kostya was a kind boy. He was very sorry for Feklista, the mother of the drowned Vasya. He is dressed as poorly as Paul.

5. What actions of Pavlusha aroused the admiration of the author? What character traits are seen in these actions? Why does the story end with the announcement of Pavlusha's death?

Pavlusha is one of the five boys that the narrator met at the fire that the guys burned. The whole appearance of the boy speaks of the plight of his family: all his clothes "consisted of a simple overcoat and patched ports." Outwardly clumsy: “hair ... disheveled, black, gray eyes, cheekbones wide, face pale, pockmarked, mouth, as they say, with a beer cauldron, body squat, awkward”, Pavlusha attracts with his smart and direct look, as well as strength, sounded in the voice. It was Pavlusha who was entrusted with watching the pot boiled on the fire. So this is normal for a boy. With knowledge, the hero speaks about the fish that flashed on the river, and about the rolling star: “... Vish splashed,” he added, turning his face in the direction of the river, “it must be a pike ... And there the little star rolled.” Pavel behaves in comparison with other guys most boldly. When, after Ilyusha's story about the forest evil spirits, everyone flinched when they heard someone's hissing whistle, Pavel shouted: "Oh, you crows!., what are you excited about?" - and immediately turned the conversation to an everyday topic, saying that the potatoes were cooked. The hero is well versed in the habits of forest animals and birds: either he hears the cry of a heron, or he explains that the white dove has strayed from home and is now looking for a place to sleep. Returning from the river, Paul says that it seemed to him that the waterman was calling him. Ilyusha, who was afraid of everything, notes that this is a bad omen. But Paul is not afraid to accept, because he believes in fate and believes that "you cannot escape your own fate." At the end of the story, the reader learns about the tragic death of the boy, but not in the water: "he was killed by falling from a horse." It is Pavlusha who arouses the greatest sympathy of the narrator, since, without being frightened, “with a cry he rushed after the dogs.” At this moment, he was especially good: “His ugly face, animated by fast driving, burned with bold prowess and firm determination. Without a twig in his hand, at night, he, without any hesitation, rode alone against the wolf ... "

6. Do you think there is a connection between the stories of the boys and the fact that the narrator got lost, almost fell off a cliff? If there is, what is it?

7. Re-read Turgenev's landscapes again. There are several of them in the story. A July day is depicted from early morning to late evening, night and morning of the next day. What details of these descriptions could you point to as the result of the writer's subtle observation, his heightened attention to what is happening in nature? Find comparisons, metaphors, personifications in the descriptions of nature. What is their role? Do you think the author simply observes and registers what he noticed, or does he admire, worry, rejoice, be surprised? Do you think there is a lyrical beginning in these descriptions?

I.S. Turgenev is more restrained emotionally, he is more of a spectator than a participant in the process of the flow of time. His admiration for the beauties of nature is contemplative, while his personal presence is static. I see the writer in the role of a realist artist, in detail and scrupulously conveying the landscape to the viewer in all subtleties and details.

The attention of I.S. Turgenev is concentrated mainly on the colors of the sky and the sun, the movement of clouds (like in the Old Russian writers), while the terrestrial vegetation is written in much less detail.

The text is replete with many definitions that convey the color scheme: "dull-purple", "light and welcomingly radiant", "shine of hammered silver", "pale lilac", "golden gray", "bluish", "scarlet", etc. d..

Many comparisons give the reader the opportunity to absolutely accurately imagine the described landscape: "the brilliance (of the edge of the cloud) is like the brilliance of forged silver", "the clouds are like islands", "the sky is an endlessly overflowing river", "the evening star is a carefully carried candle", e " the approaching night is a thundercloud", "clouds ... like smoke ...".

The text comes to life thanks to the abundance of personifications ("the sun ... - peacefully rises", "whirlwinds - cycles - ... walk along the roads ...", "the sky hung sadly ...", "stars ... stirred", etc.); metaphors ("the dawn does not burn with fire: it spreads with a gentle blush", "the sun ... rises peacefully", "the grass at the bottom of the valley ... turned white with an even tablecloth", etc.); epithets ("the sun ... bright and welcomingly radiant ... peacefully emerges", "the edge ... the clouds will sparkle with snakes", "advancing, gloomy darkness rose in huge clubs", "night bird ... fearfully dived to the side", "unpleasant, motionless dampness", " terrible abyss", etc.).

The writer surprisingly accurately manages to convey the atmosphere of a fine summer day: warmth and silence, goodness and stillness. In the heated air, the light aromas of field plants are barely distinguishable, but only the warmth and beauty of the sky are all-encompassing. The author's text is like a silent movie, where the viewer's attention is riveted only to the image, the sound range is almost completely absent.

The description of nature performed by I.S. Turgenev gives a clear idea of ​​the author's personality: he is a highly educated, subtle, intelligent person, in love with his native Russian nature, but very restrained in expressing his emotions.

8. What landscape did you like that evoked a response in your soul? Have you yourself ever observed the sunrise, the birth of the morning, or some other change in nature?

I liked the description of the morning at the very end of the work. The author so clearly conveyed the onset of a new day that the whole picture appeared before his eyes. We really like the sunrise - it's very beautiful, especially when the morning is not overcast. We also like the onset of thunderstorms and the rainbow that appears in the sky.

WE GENERALIZE IMPRESSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS.

1. What is the author's attitude to nature, peasant children, their stories? What is the main thing that the writer saw and understood in the guys? Do you think there is a connection between the spiritualized images of boys and the general anti-serf orientation of the "Notes of a Hunter"?

Nature in the work is not only a background, but also a hero who empathizes, reflecting the feelings of other heroes of the story. The hunter got lost, got nervous - and he was seized by unpleasant dampness, the road was gone, the bushes were “some kind of unmowed”, the darkness was “gloomy”, the stones seemed to have slipped into the hollow “for a secret meeting”. But then he found a lodging for the night and calmed down near the fire, now "the picture was wonderful." Nature comes to life in the stories of the children, they inhabit it with living creatures: a brownie lives in a factory, a wood goblin and a mermaid live in the forest, and a merman lives in the river. They explain the incomprehensible through comparisons (the mermaid is white, “like a minnow”, her voice is plaintive, “like a toad’s”) and through simple interpretations of complex things (Gavrila fell asleep, Yermil was drunk), although the simple does not arouse their interest. Nature, as it were, participates in a dialogue with the children. We talked about mermaids - someone laughed, they talked about lambs and the dead - the dogs barked. Stones, rivers, trees, animals - everything around is alive for the guys, everything causes fear and admiration. Not everyone is superstitious, oh even the realist Pavel hears the voice of the drowned Vasya and believes in the water one.

We think that there is a connection between the images of the boys and the anti-serf orientation of the Hunter's Notes. It lies in the fact that the author shows peasant children who live in peace, they have joys, sorrows, troubles, tragedies, many of them die, they do not study, their views on life are sometimes based on mythological ideas about life.

2. How are such diverse elements as detailed landscapes, portraits of children, their stories, combined in one work? What holds together, gives the narrative unity, integrity? Try to explain the compositional expediency of any of the named elements of the story.

These heterogeneous elements are connected by the overall composition of the work, which creates the unity of the narrative. So, for example, a description of nature gives us the opportunity to understand the psychological state of the characters, and a description of portraits, to make up the image of the storytelling boys. And their stories add their own shades and details to their portraits.

3. What makes up the image of the narrator-narrator in the mind of the reader? At what point in the story does the author directly express his attitude towards the characters and the situation? In what tone does he tell the story? What general mood pervades Turgenev's work?

The narrator spends the whole night by the fire with the boys, listening to the stories told by the children. Each story is both a flight of fancy and a naive belief of ordinary people that literally nearby live brownies, mermaids, mermen, that you can meet a native of the other world and even talk about something with him. Turgenev, with the smallest details, conveys the manner of speaking of peasant children, the characteristic turns of their speech. The author directly expresses his attitude towards Pavlusha: “The little one was unprepossessing - what can I say! “I liked him anyway…”

The tone of the narration is even, calm, the author seems to be admiring what is happening, he is interested, he empathizes with the guys at some point. The general mood of the work is admiration and admiration for nature, love for peasant children, his attention to them and their problems. There is also a share of fantasy, humor and tragedy.