Ganglioneuritis. Ganglionitis Herpetic ganglionitis c2 roots on the left

A disease that is based on inflammation of the ganglion. A ganglion is a ganglion that has a composition of several components, nerve cells, their bodies, axons and dendrites. Its shell consists of connective tissue. When several such nodes become inflamed at once, this condition is called polyganglionic.

Ganglionitis has its occurrence when one or several sympathetic nodes are affected as a result of the following infectious diseases, such as herpes zoster, tonsillitis, influenza, malaria. It happens that this disease often occurs due to toxic poisoning or injury. Ganglionitis was discovered by an American physician and may also be called Slader's (Slyuder's) syndrome. This syndrome was described rather late - in 1908, it happened when such sciences as neurology, physiology of the central and peripheral nervous system and the art of dissection were highly developed.

Ganglionite classification.

There are the following main ganglionites of nodes:

• pterygopalatine;
• ciliary;
• ear;
• cranked;
• trigeminal;
• submandibular;
• sublingual;
• stellate;
• upper cervical.

The pterygopalatine node is located at the junction of many so-called "roads" of the peripheral nervous system. This is what causes the variability of clinical manifestations. This node has the following parts:

• Sensitive somatic fibers from the maxillary nerve, which carry innervation from the oral mucosa, gums, cheeks;
• From the facial nerve, parasympathetic fibers, they influence secretion and taste;
• From the carotid plexus, the internal carotid artery - sympathetic fibers.

In addition to these parts, which provide a connection between the ganglia and the facial and pterygopalatine ganglia, the pterygopalatine ganglion is also connected to a certain extent with the sympathetic ganglia and other ganglia, such as the ear and ciliary.

This close relationship enables the pterygopalatine node to sensitively respond to all processes that occur in the vessels and nerves of the head and neck.

Ganglionitis symptoms.

The main symptom of ganglioneuritis is diffuse pain, it has a burning character and, as a rule, can be accompanied by a sensation of pulsation similar to bursting. The localization of such unpleasant sensations directly depends on the location of the node. There are times when they extend to the entire half of the body or to the opposite side. The pain in this case does not increase with movement, but can become stronger in cases of weather changes, stress, eating.

Inflammation of the ganglion is also supplemented by:

• A sensitivity disorder, as its decrease (hypesthesia) or increase (hyperesthesia), can also be paresthesia (numbness, tingling);
• Neurotrophic and vasomotor disorders in the zone of excitation of the affected node;
• Emotional instability, there is a violation of sleep in the case of a long course.

Specific symptoms of the disease also depend on the location of the inflamed ganglion and the etiological factor.

Symptoms of pelvic and sacral ganglioneuritis in women:

• The occurrence of discomfort during intercourse;
• Aching pains in the lower abdomen, spreading to the perineum and rectum;
• Violation of the menstrual cycle, uterine bleeding.

Basically, pelvic ganglioneuritis can be caused by a herpes infection, in connection with this, its symptoms can be supplemented by an itchy rash, which also manifests itself in the form of blisters over the lower back, sacrum, in the perineal region.

Cervical ganglioneuritis is upper cervical, lower cervical and stellate. Manifestations of upper cervical inflammation:

• Expansion of the palpebral fissure;
• Mydriasis (dilated pupil);
• exophthalmos;
• Hyperthyroidism due to ongoing stimulation of the thyroid gland;
• Hyperhidrosis;
• Redness of half of the face;
• Change in sensitivity above the second rib;
• Paresis of the larynx, hoarseness of voice;
• Toothache, manifested in some cases.

Ganglioneuritis of the lower sternum and lower back may be accompanied by:

• Unpleasant sensations and a disorder of sensitivity in the lower part of the body and limbs;
• Severe pain in the thigh (with involvement of the sciatic nerve);
• Vegetative-visceral disorders of the abdominal organs.

Other manifestations of inflammation of the ganglia are also possible:

• Ganglioneuritis of the pterygopalatine ganglion manifests itself in the form of shooting pain in the area of ​​the orbit and upper jaw, reddening of half of the face, lacrimation from one eye, rather abundant discharge from one nasal passage;
• The defeat of the crankshaft responds with pain in the ear, which spreads to the back of the head and neck, paresis of the mimic muscles.

Diagnosis of ganglionitis.

It happens that it is sometimes very difficult for doctors to make an accurate diagnosis. Consultations of the neurologist, stomatologist, ENT are necessary.

The diagnosis is based on the following clinical data:

• Severe and paroxysmal pain that resembles a burn sensation;
• Itching of the affected area;
• Paresthesia, anesthesia;
• swelling;
• Amyotrophy;
• Hypersensitivity;
• Disorder or excitation of pilomotor, secretory, vasomotor, trophic fibers;
• catarrhal syndrome;
• Local and general temperature increase;
• General malaise.

During the examination, there will be pain during palpation of the pain points of the projection of the node itself and its nerves, there is a violation of sensitivity. It happens that they resort to the use of additional diagnostic methods: otoscopy, pharyngoscopy, radiography.

Treatment of ganglionitis and ganglioneuritis.

For the treatment of ganglionitis, anti-allergic drugs are prescribed, a course of antibiotic treatment is attributed (especially if the etiology of ganglioneuritis is of a bacterial nature).

Analgesics are indicated to relieve pain. In some cases, in cases of severe pain and the ineffectiveness of analgesics, novocaine is administered intravenously or paravertebral blockades with novocaine are performed in the affected area, and sympathectomy is also performed. This is the surgical removal of the affected ganglion, which is used in cases where none of the methods of pain relief does not give the desired result.

Considering the nature of the disease, anti-infective therapy may also be prescribed. With the manifestation of a viral etiology of the disease, antiviral drugs and gamma globulin are prescribed. In case of damage to the sympathetic system, cholinomimetic drugs, gluconate and calcium chloride can be prescribed.

In the treatment of this disease, physiotherapy is widely used, this procedure sets itself the task of stopping the pain syndrome and the inflammatory process, and correcting disorders of the autonomic system. Elimination of the pain syndrome occurs with the help of transcranial electroanalgesia, drug electrophoresis of anesthetics. The relief of intoxication is carried out by low-intensity UHF therapy.

Antiviral methods consist in the passage of the patient's UV-irradiation. For the full restoration of the peripheral functions of the body, darsonvalization procedures, mustard and turpentine baths are attributed. If allergic reactions occur, they are eliminated with the help of anti-allergic procedures - local aerosol therapy using antihistamines, nitrogen baths.

Treatment of ganglionitis in the interictal period.

After the attack is stopped, it is required to start searching for the causes that led to the development of acute pain: it is necessary to treat inflammation in the sinuses of the skull (treat frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis, visit a dentist, sanitize teeth). Antibiotics, drugs that increase immunity are used.

In the interictal period, the use of anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, as well as antidepressants, but not amitriptyline, has a positive effect. Also, a good effect, which successfully prevents an attack, has electrophoresis of anesthetics (novocaine), application (UHF), diadynamic currents.

Treatment of this disease should be carried out taking into account the improvement of the general background of the body: taking multivitamins, physical education, correction of blood pressure, taking drugs that reduce the manifestations of atherosclerosis. A particularly important factor that significantly reduces the risk of developing this neuralgia is a full-fledged cerebral circulation.

Of the drugs in the treatment, neurotropic B vitamins (thiamine, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin) are taken. One of the modern complex preparations that allows you to combine these vitamins is Milgamma Compositum.

In addition, the use of neuroprotectors (piracetam, Nootropil), drugs that improve cerebral circulation is shown.

In the case of persistent and severe pain that is insensitive to treatment, radiofrequency destruction of this node can be used, which significantly reduces the frequency and intensity of pain impulses. Naturally, it is not recommended to destroy such an important node, since you can get a lot of unforeseen phenomena, such as dry eyes, dryness of the nasal mucosa.

Summing up, it is worth saying that in cases of manifestation of such symptoms, the first doctors to whom the patient turns are first otolaryngologists, then dentists, and in rare cases ophthalmologists. It is also necessary to recall the general contraindications for neuralgia.

Almost always, an ENT doctor or dentist can find their own pathology and treat it as efficiently as possible, but unfortunately, in our time, all this is taken out of attention to the price, and it can be very expensive. Apparently, therefore, many try to self-medicate. At the same time, not always realizing that not every ailment can be cured in this way. That is why on the pages of our site we try to provide everyone with knowledge about a wide variety of ailments and about acceptable methods of dealing with them.

In the case of correct diagnosis and subsequent adequate treatment, the prognosis is favorable for life.

Prevention of ganglionitis and ganglioneuritis.

Prevention of ganglionitis and ganglionevritis consists in the timely treatment of various inflammatory processes in the body, viral and infectious diseases. The application of sports is also very important. Proper nutrition, long walks in the fresh air, quitting smoking and alcohol - were, are and will be the best guarantors of health.

And this approach is important not only if the diagnosis is ganglionitis, but also with many other ailments. Be healthy!

Also, the disease often occurs due to toxic poisoning or injury.

Varieties of the disease

There are several types of the disease, which differ both in symptoms and in the method of treatment. In order to properly treat the disease, it is necessary to correctly diagnose its variety.

herpetic

Herpetic ganglionitis is externally manifested by the formation of rashes in the form of small bubbles on the skin.

Such painful rashes appear directly on the skin along the corresponding nerve nodes.

This type of disease is also characterized by pain in the area of ​​the spinous processes of the vertebrae when pressed (the spinous processes are the very “bones” on the back).

Due to the defeat of the sympathetic nodes in this case, the work of some internal organs is disrupted, and outwardly the lesions are distinguished by a change in skin color, while sometimes ulcers can be observed in these areas.

The danger also lies in the fact that the patient's reflexes worsen, the joints lose their mobility, and if the disease affects the upper cervical sympathetic ganglion, all symptoms and pathologies are transmitted to the face and neck.

Ganglionitis of the stellate ganglion

Distributed in the upper extremities and in the upper chest.

This type of disease is accompanied by a false angina syndrome (chest pain).

The defeat of the Gasser node

Unlike other common types of pathology, ganglionitis of the Gasser node is much more complicated and in most cases occurs as a result of immunosuppression, which occurs with age.

Rashes and pains appear in the zone of innervation of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve, while the patient may exhibit photophobia and often there is a risk of inflammation of the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye (keratitis).

Inflammation of the pterygopalatine node

The cause of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node is inflammation of the main and maxillary sinuses.

The main symptoms of ganglionitis in this case are acute pain in the eye area and pain directly in the eyeballs.

Also, pain almost always appears in the upper jaw and the root of the nose, sometimes the pain can pass into the lower jaw.

In advanced cases, the pain center spreads further, up to the neck and arms.

Neuralgia Ramsey-Hunt

This disease is characterized by herpetic rashes in the ear area, while palpable pains appear in the ear canal of the affected side, in rare cases this form of the disease is accompanied by dizziness.

Causes and risk factors

Doctors identify several main causes of the disease:

• acute infectious diseases (including various types of typhus, pleurisy, dysentery and others);
• metabolic disorders (for example, liver disease or diabetes);
• intoxication;
• tumors and neoplasms.

In some cases, the disease can be the result of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs in women, and both sexes suffering from spinal osteochondrosis are also at risk.

Diagnosis and symptoms

Making an accurate diagnosis is possible only on the basis of clinical data, while diagnosing in some cases can be very difficult.

As for the symptoms of ganglionitis, they depend solely on its cause and type.

However, each type is characterized by such common features as:

• burning pain, which can be paroxysmal in nature;
• severe itching in the area affected by ganglionitis;
• in some cases, the development of paresthesia (tingling or numbness of the skin in the affected area) is possible;
• in most cases, the functions of thermoregulation and sweating are disturbed;
• edema of the subcutaneous tissue is observed;
• loss of muscle tone, decreased reflexes and reduced joint mobility.

What is the essence of the treatment of the disease?

Treatment of ganglionitis directly depends on the cause of its occurrence, however, in most cases, desensitizing agents are prescribed that prevent or weaken allergic reactions, as well as antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs.

In addition, the patient may be prescribed a complex therapy of drugs that reduce the excitability of vegetative formations. These are B vitamins and ganglionic blockers.

In case of very severe pain, drugs such as katadolon or finlepsin can be prescribed: this is usually a rather long course of treatment, in parallel with which the patient must also use antidepressants prescribed by the doctor.

At the same time, blockade of the affected node can be carried out.

Additional Methods

There are other methods of treating ganglionitis:

• hydrogen sulfide baths;
• healing mud;
• ultrasound and physiotherapy.

Possible Complications

The disorder may in itself be a complication in some cases.

For example, in women, neglected inflammatory processes of the reproductive system very often lead to this disease.

But ganglionitis can also have serious consequences.

In this case, the most unpleasant symptom is casual pain. Such pain sensations are pronounced, while they increase many times when touched, but can temporarily recede when the diseased limbs are immersed in water or wrapped with a wet rag.

Sometimes such pain persists for a long period, up to several years.

Very rarely, peripheral muscle paresis can be observed in the affected area, when their motor functions worsen.

Complications after the disease can also include zoster myelitis and encephalitis.

Serous meningitis in children can become a serious problem if its symptoms are not detected in time and treatment is not started.

How to prevent the development of the disease?

Prevention of a disease such as ganglionitis is carried out only taking into account the primary factors of a developing disease, and for a healthy person who is not at risk, such prevention is useless.

When the first signs of the disease appear, preventive procedures are prescribed by the attending physician.

For those who have already survived the disease, as a measure to prevent relapse, physioprophylaxis is prescribed (prevention of neurological diseases by artificial and natural physical influences).

Depending on the origin of the disease, the patient may be prescribed both primary and secondary physioprophylaxis.

In the first case, the goal of prevention is to increase the effectiveness of the body's defense mechanisms. This includes hardening and ultraviolet irradiation.

Secondary physioprophylaxis is the use of UHF and microwave therapy, aerosol therapy, aeroionotherapy, as well as thermotherapy procedures, including clay, sand and healing mud treatment.

Ganglionitis symptoms and treatment

Ganglionitis is a disease associated with damage to the borderline sympathetic trunk. The disease is of different types. Multiple nodule involvement is defined as polyglionitis, trucite, or trunculitis. Symptoms of the disease also depend on the location of the lesion.

Symptoms of the development of ganglionitis

Clinical signs of the disease:

muscle atrophy, combined with mild muscle rigidity and paresis;

pains that are causal in nature;

pronounced disorders of pilomotor, vasomotor, secretory and trophic innervation.

The clinical symptoms of ganglionitis depend on the location of the lesion, which allows us to divide the forms of the disease into:

• cervical,
• upper and lower chest,
• lumbar,
• sacral.

The most characteristic feature is the topography of these disorders, localized in the zone innervated by one or another node of the border chain. With the localization of the pathological process in the superior cervical ganglion, changes are found in the head and neck. With infectious ganglionitis, a sharp hyperemia, edema, and infiltration of the tissues of the node are typical.

In the diagnosis of ganglionitis, the loss of functions is manifested by the Bernard-Horner syndrome. When the node is irritated, pupil dilation, retraction of the upper eyelid, exophthalmos are noted. There are also changes in skin color and temperature, sweating, trophic changes in facial tissues. When the stellate node is affected, the disorders are localized in the arm and in the upper chest. With the localization of the pathological process in the upper thoracic nodes, in addition to skin symptoms of the disease, vegetative-visceral disorders are also observed - difficulty breathing, tachycardia, pain in the heart area.

It was noticed that right-sided ganglionitis and truncites cause less pronounced vegetative changes than left-sided ones, in which cardiovascular disorders are more often detected.

Lower thoracic ganglionitis, like lumbar ganglionitis, is manifested by damage to the innervation of the lower part of the body, legs and viscerovegetative disorders of the abdominal organs.

In the clinical picture of the disease, one can distinguish

• painful,
• neuropathic
• and vegetative-dystrophic syndromes.

Features of the treatment of ganglionitis

Treatment includes:

• antibacterial and antiviral therapy (Interferon),
• desensitizing drugs (Diazolin, Tavegil, Ketotifen),
• analgesics (Analgin, Butadion, Indomethacin, Diclofenac),
• ganglioblockers (Pentalgin, Gangleron),
• vasodilators (Papaverine, Thionikol, Nikoshpan),
• antihypoxants (Aevit, sodium hydroxybutyrate),
• improving tissue metabolism and reparative-regenerative processes (Pentoxyl, Petiluracil),
• immunomodulators (Dibazol, Decaris).

Physiotherapy for ganglionitis

Physical therapies are aimed at:

relief of pain syndrome (analgesic, anesthetic methods),

intoxication (antimicrobial and antiviral methods),

inflammation (anti-exudative methods),

allergies (antiallergic methods),

normalization of the functions of the peripheral nervous system (methods that irritate free nerve endings),

and dystrophy (trophostimulating methods),

correction of immune dysfunction (immunostimulating methods of ganglionitis treatment).

Classification of physiotherapeutic methods of ganglionitis therapy

Analgesic methods:

• transcranial electroanalgesia,
• diadynamic therapy,
• ampliulstherapy,
• drug electrophoresis of ganglionic blockers,
• UV irradiation in erythemal doses.

Anesthetic methods for the treatment of ganglionitis:

• drug electrophoresis of anesthetics,
• fluctuorization.

Anti-inflammatory methods:

• low-intensity UHF therapy,
• drug electrophoresis of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Bactericidal, antiviral methods of treatment of ganglionitis:

• KuV irradiation,
• local aeroionotherapy,
• local interferon aerosol therapy.

Antiallergic methods:

• local aerosol therapy of antihistamines,
• low-frequency magnetotherapy on the area of ​​the adrenal glands,
• nitrogen baths.

Methods that irritate peripheral nerve endings:

• local darsonvalization,
• turpentine, mustard baths.

Trofostimulating methods:

• therapeutic segmental reflex massage,
• amplipulse therapy with PChP current,
• diadynamic therapy,
• interference therapy,
• segmental vibrovacuum therapy.

Immunostimulatory methods:

• heliotherapy,
• thalassotherapy,
• aerotherapy,
• sodium chloride baths,
• sulfide baths,
• pelotherapy,
• radon baths.

Analgesic treatments for ganglionitis

Medicinal electrophoresis. Ganglioblockers are used from the anode: 0.25% gangleron solution, 0.25-0.5% pentamine solution. The foretable preparations block impulses from the pain focus at the level of the paravertebral ganglia (from the metameric-segmental zones of pain). Apply a current with a density of 0.05-0.1 mA / cm2, for 20 minutes, daily; course in the treatment of ganglionitis procedures.

UV exposure. Apply irradiation in an erythemal dose. Under the action of UV radiation, erythema and perineural edema are formed with compression of the nerve conductors. The parabiosis of the preterminal sections of the skin afferents that occurs in the area of ​​irradiation spreads throughout the entire fiber and blocks the impulse from the painful focus. Suf irradiation of pain zones is carried out in fields with a total area of ​​​​up to 400 cm2, 2 biodoses with an increase of 1 biodose, after 2 days for the third; course 3-4 procedures; repeated course in the treatment of ganglionitis through the month.

Bactericidal, antiviral methods of ganglionitis physiotherapy

KuV irradiation. Due to excessive absorption of the energy of UV radiation quanta by DNA and RNA molecules, denaturation and photolysis of nucleic acids and proteins occur. The resulting lethal mutations with ionization of atoms and molecules lead to inactivation and destruction of the structure of microorganisms and fungi.

Irradiation in the treatment of ganglionitis is carried out at a wavelength from 1 biodose + 1 biodose to 3 biodose, daily; a course of 3-5 procedures.

Local aeroionotherapy. Under the action of a high voltage direct electric current (up to 20 kV), weak conduction currents arise, which reduce the excitability and conductivity of the conductor. At the same time, the flow of afferent impulses from the painful focus decreases, local blood flow and activation of trophic and reparative processes increase. Negatively charged ions change the bioelectric activity of the plasmolemma of microorganisms, changing their viability towards oppression - a bacteriostatic effect. The procedures are carried out at an electromagnetic field voltage of 20 kV, the procedure time is 15 minutes, daily; a course of 10 procedures; repeated course in the treatment of ganglionitis after 1 month.

Local aerosol therapy. Interferon A is used. The biological activity of interferon is manifested by binding it to specific membrane receptors of cells. Interferon has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Affect the area of ​​rashes, erosions by spraying a solution of interferon for a minute, daily; course in the treatment of ganglionitis 6-10 procedures. The effect is enhanced when combined with local aeroionotherapy.

Antiallergic methods of treatment of ganglionitis

Nitrogen baths. Nitrogen enhances the hormone-monosynthetic function of the anterior pituitary gland, adrenal glands (glucocorticoid), inhibits the production of histamine and reduces the function of enzymes. Nitrogen baths in the treatment of ganglionitis are carried out at a nitrogen concentration of 20 mg / l, water temperature 36 ° C, procedure time, daily; curswann; repeated course in 2-3 months.

Trofostimulating methods of ganglionitis therapy

interference therapy. Interference currents block impulses from the pain focus, activate opioid peptides in the antinociceptive system of the brain stem, increase blood circulation, microcirculation, lymph flow, eliminate tissue hypoxia and increase the intensity of tissue respiration and metabolism in the tissues of the regeneration of conductors. They act on the region of the spine, paravertebral, frequency Hz (gradual decrease in frequency through the procedure), the current strength is increased until a pronounced vibration is felt, for 10 minutes, daily; a course of 10 procedures; repeated course in the treatment of ganglionitis after 2-4 weeks.

diadynamic therapy. OB- and DV-currents rhythmically excite B-type nerve fibers and activate the trophic influences of the sympathetic nervous system, regional hemodynamics and lymphatic drainage, and tissue metabolism. Apply diadynamic therapy on segmental or paravertebral zones (or along the affected muscles) DN currents - 30 s / min, then the current OV (DV) min, the current strength - until a pronounced painless vibration, daily; course of procedures; repeated course in the treatment of ganglionitis after 2-4 weeks.

Amplipulse therapy. It has the same effect as diadynamic therapy. Amplipulse therapy is carried out on segmental zones, paravertebral, using LF current (IPP) - 1 min, PChPmin, from 50 to 10 Hz, GM - 75%; a course of 10 procedures; repeated course in the treatment of ganglionitis after 2-4 months.

Segmental vibrovacuum therapy under rarefaction in a vacuum applicator doPa, with a vibration frequency range of the vibrator nozzle, Hz leads to mechanical stimulation of nerve and muscle fibers, including vegetative ones, activates trophism, enhances regional hemodynamics, lymphatic drainage and catabolic processes. Vacuum therapy in the treatment of ganglionitis is prescribed to the region of the spine, paravertebral, vacuum in the vacuum applicator 40 kPa, vibration frequency from 50 to 10 Hz, time min, daily; a course of 10 procedures; again after 1-2 months.

Contraindications to physiotherapy in the treatment of ganglionitis are:

acute infectious and somatic diseases,

Ganglionitis: symptoms and treatment

Ganglionitis - the main symptoms:

• Noise in ears
• Weakness
• Skin rashes
• Elevated temperature
• sweating
• Puffiness of the face
• Amyotrophy
• Increased salivation
• Malaise
• Photophobia
• Pain syndrome
• tearing
• Redness of the skin at the site of injury
• Limitation of joint mobility
• Swelling in the affected area
• Mucus discharge from the nose
• Edema of the eyelids
• Itching of the skin at the site of injury
• Increased skin sensitivity
• Feeling broken

Ganglionitis is the development of an inflammatory process in one ganglion, which is an accumulation of nerve nodes. The simultaneous defeat of several similar segments is called polyganglionic. Often, the provoking factor is the course of an infection in the human body. Several times less provocateurs are injuries, metabolic disorders, tumors and drug overdose.

The clinical picture will differ depending on the localization of the pathological process, however, with any variant of the course of the disease, there is pain, itching and swelling of the affected skin area, as well as profuse sweating.

The correct diagnosis can be made thanks to the specific clinical picture, as well as information obtained during the physical examination and instrumental examinations of the patient. It is impossible to compare symptoms and treatment on your own.

Treatment of such a disease often comes down to the use of conservative methods, for example, taking medications and undergoing physiotherapy procedures. The question of the operation is decided individually with each patient.

In the international classification of diseases, such a pathology does not have a separate meaning, but belongs to the category of "neuralgia", which is why some of the varieties of the disease have an ICD-10 code - B00-B44.

Etiology

An inflammatory lesion of the ganglia does not develop spontaneously or for no apparent reason. In the vast majority of cases, the following infections are provoking factors:

Also, the causes of ganglionitis can be represented by:

• a wide range of injuries;
• severe intoxication of the body, having a toxic, narcotic, alcoholic or drug nature;
• prolonged use of corticosteroids;
• benign or malignant neoplasms, regardless of etiology and location;
• inflammation of the tissues of the organs of the reproductive system in females;
• the course of osteochondrosis, hepatitis and sciatica;
• chronic course of rhinitis or sinusitis, pharyngitis or otitis media, as well as tonsillitis;
• metabolic disorders, such as diabetes.

Extremely rare provocateurs of such a disease are:

• weather conditions;
• climatic factors;
• CNS injury;
• mental disorders.

Classification

The main division of the disease implies the existence of several variants of the course of ganglionitis, differing in the location of the focus of inflammation. Thus, the disease affects:

• pterygopalatine node;
• ciliary knot - the second name is Oppenheim's syndrome;
• geniculate ganglion, also called Ramsay Hunt syndrome (geniculate ganglionitis);
• ear knot or Frey's syndrome;
• submandibular node;
• sublingual node;
• trigeminal or Gasser's node (ganglionitis of the Gasser's node);
• upper cervical knot;
• star knot.

Based on the etiological factor, there are:

• herpetic ganglionitis;
• intoxication;
• traumatic;
• infectious;
• tumor.

Symptoms

The presence and severity of symptoms will be dictated by the location of the inflammatory process. However, the following clinical manifestations are considered common to all forms of the disease:

• pronounced paroxysmal pain;
• severe itching of the skin located above the affected node;
• swelling and redness of the skin area;
• increased sensitivity to external stimuli;
• profuse sweating;
• local and general increase in temperature indicators;
• malaise, weakness and weakness;
• muscle atrophy and limited joint mobility.

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node is expressed in:

• the spread of pain in the eye sockets, jaws, nasal cavity and temples, auricle and occiput, forearm and hand;
• puffiness of the face;
• increased salivation and tearing;
• secretion of mucus from the nostril corresponding to the side of the lesion.

An attack of a bright manifestation of symptoms can last from 10 minutes to several days. Patients also complain of an increase in the intensity of symptoms at night.

Ganglionitis of the ear node is represented by such signs:

• paroxysmal pains spreading to the temples and the back of the head, neck and chest, forearm and upper limb;
• noise and ringing in the affected ear;
• profuse salivation.

Inflammatory lesion of the ciliary node is characterized by:

• "falling out" of the eyes from the orbits;
• irradiation of pain sensations on the frontal part, the root of the nose and the temporal region;
• increased sensitivity to bright light;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• exophthalmos.

Symptoms of the form of the disease of the Gasser's node can be:

• photophobia and keratitis;
• increase in body temperature;
• paresthesia;
• muscle weakness;
• body aches;
• the appearance of rashes by the type of vesicles;
• swelling of the eyes.

With inflammation of the stellate node, there is:

• violation of heart rate;
• heart pain;
• numbness of the upper limb.

The submandibular and sublingual appearance has the following features:

• localization of pain in the tongue with spread to the lower jaw, back of the head, neck and temples;
• inability to move the jaw;
• discomfort while eating;
• increased secretion of saliva;
• tongue coating with a white coating;
• swelling of soft tissues.

With cervical ganglionitis, patients complain of:

• pale skin;
• nasal congestion;
• tissue hypertrophy;
• an increase in the number of fine wrinkles;
• redness of the eyeball and part of the face on the affected side;
• aching pain in the neck, neck and shoulder girdle.

Clinical manifestations of the pathology of the crankshaft can be:

• general malaise;
• herpetic eruptions around the auricle;
• bouts of severe dizziness;
• hearing loss;
• paresis of the facial or trigeminal nerve;
• the formation of herpetic papules on the tonsils and soft palate;
• horizontal nystagmus;
• paresis of mimic muscles.

It is also worth noting that the muscles located near the affected node begin to atrophy and lose their mobility.

Diagnostics

A neurologist can make a diagnosis of ganglionitis due to the pronounced and specific clinical picture of such a disease. This means that the diagnosis process is based on the following manipulations:

• familiarization with the history of the disease - this will indicate the etiological factor that has a pathological basis;
• collection and study of life history - indicates the influence of the most rare causes of inflammation of the ganglia;
• careful examination and palpation of the affected area;
• assessment of the condition of the skin and mucous membranes;
• measurement of heart rate and temperature;
• a detailed survey of the patient - to determine the severity of clinical manifestations.

As additional diagnostic measures are:

Treatment

Such a disease can be cured with the help of conservative methods of therapy, which are based on taking such medications:

• analgesics and antispasmodics;
• ganglioblockers and antiviral agents;
• antibiotics and sulfonamides;
• desensitizers and immunomodulators;
• neuroleptics and antidepressants;
• nootropic drugs and vitamins;
• anticholinergics and biogenic stimulants.

Drug treatment also includes the injection of glucocorticosteroids into the projection of the diseased node, as well as the implementation of novocaine blockades.

No less effective are physiotherapy procedures, including:

• diadynamic therapy;
• medicinal electrophoresis;
• fluctuorization;
• darsonvalization;
• nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, radon and turpentine baths;
• amplipulse therapy;
• vibrovacuum therapy;
• thalassotherapy;
• interference therapy.

In cases of ineffectiveness of conservative methods, they turn to surgical intervention aimed at excising the diseased node.

Prevention and prognosis

The following preventive measures can reduce the likelihood of the onset of the disease:

• healthy and active lifestyle;
• proper and nutritious nutrition;
• avoidance of any injury;
• regular passage of a complete examination in a medical institution - for the early detection of ailments that can lead to the development of such an inflammatory process.

As for the prognosis, the disease does not pose a threat to the life of patients, but it should be taken into account that each underlying ailment can lead to the formation of its own complications, which significantly worsens the outcome of an inflammatory lesion of the ganglia.

If you think that you have Ganglionitis and the symptoms characteristic of this disease, then doctors can help you: a neurologist, a therapist.

We also suggest using our online disease diagnostic service, which, based on the symptoms entered, selects probable diseases.

Pterygopalatine ganglionitis

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is an inflammatory lesion of the pterygopalatine ganglion of predominantly infectious etiology. Pterygopalatine ganglionitis is manifested by pain attacks in the affected half of the face, which are accompanied by vegetative symptoms (lacrimation, reddening of the skin, swelling, salivation). Diagnosis of the disease is based on its clinical picture and the exclusion of other causes of facial pain. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node is treated with the complex use of painkillers, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, ganglioblocking and antiallergic drugs; lubrication of the nasal cavity with dicaine solution; physiotherapeutic means (UHF, electrophoresis, DDT, mud therapy).

Pterygopalatine ganglionitis

The pterygopalatine node is located in the pterygopalatine fossa, located in the infratemporal region. It is formed by 3 roots: sensitive - formed by branches from the maxillary nerve (II branch of the trigeminal nerve), sympathetic - represented by a branch of the internal carotid plexus and parasympathetic - a large stony nerve, which is a branch of the facial nerve. Branches emanating from the pterygopalatine node innervate the orbit, the lacrimal gland and the sphenoid sinus (orbital branches); nasal mucosa and ethmoid sinus (nasal branches); soft and hard palate, maxillary sinus (palatine branches).

In neurology, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is also called Slader's syndrome, after the author who described it in 1908. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is a fairly common type of lesion of the autonomic ganglia. When not only the pterygopalatine node is involved in the inflammatory process, but also the nerve roots included in it, the disease is regarded as ganglioneuritis.

Causes of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node most often develops as a result of the penetration of infectious agents into the node, causing the development of an inflammatory process in it. The source of infection is often local inflammatory diseases of the nasopharynx: sinusitis, chronic rhinitis, pharyngitis; less often - arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion may occur as a result of toxic effects on the nerve ganglion in chronic tonsillitis, chronic purulent otitis media. Factors contributing to the occurrence of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion are lack of sleep, overwork, stressful situations, alcohol intake, loud noise.

In some cases, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion acts as a neurostomatological complication in dental caries, accompanied by the development of pulpitis and periodontitis. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node can be observed against the background of common infectious diseases: SARS, herpes infection, tuberculosis, rheumatism. The occurrence of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node is possible as a result of trauma with damage to the structures of the pterygopalatine fossa.

Symptoms of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node

The basis of the clinical picture of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is a spontaneous attack of intense facial pain. Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node is never manifested by pain syndrome, limited to the region of the node. Multiple anastomoses of the pterygopalatine node of its roots and branches cause a variety of localization of pain and its widespread nature. Pain is dominant in areas that are innervated directly by branches from the pterygopalatine node: in the eyeball, upper jaw, at the base of the nose, in the hard palate. Sometimes pain extends to the area of ​​the gums and / or teeth of the lower jaw. Often ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node is accompanied by irradiation of pain in the occipital region, neck, auricle, temple, less often in the shoulder, forearm, and sometimes even in the hand. Anastomoses of the pterygopalatine node with nodes of the sympathetic trunk in some cases lead to the spread of pain throughout the entire half of the body.

An attack of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is accompanied by pronounced vegetative disorders that are manifested by swelling and redness of the affected half of the face, lacrimation, secretion of a large amount of saliva and abundant secretion of liquid secretion from the corresponding half of the nose. For pronounced vegetative symptoms, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node was called "vegetative storm".

An attack of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node can have a different duration from minutes to several hours and even days. Most often, these attacks occur at night. In the post-attack period with ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion, mild vegetative symptoms may persist. Pterygopalatine ganglionitis has a chronic paroxysmal course and can last for years. For him, exacerbations are typical in spring and autumn. They can be triggered by acute respiratory viral infections, hypothermia, a stressful situation, a decrease in immunity, or weather changes.

Diagnosis of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node

To establish the diagnosis of "Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node" allows a vivid clinical picture of the disease. To confirm the diagnosis, the posterior regions of the nasal cavity are lubricated with a 0.1% solution of dicaine and adrenaline. If this procedure allows you to stop the pain attack, then the ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node is confirmed.

It is necessary to differentiate ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion from other diseases accompanied by facial pain (prosopalgia): trigeminal neuralgia, inflammatory diseases of the ear (otitis externa, acute otitis media, mastoiditis), dental pathology (acute toothache, pulpitis, periodontitis). In the process of diagnosis, it is necessary to identify or exclude the presence of an inflammatory focus, which can serve as a source of infection of the pterygopalatine node and support the inflammatory process in it. For this purpose, consultations of a neurologist, dentist, otolaryngologist, otoscopy and pharyngoscopy, radiography of the paranasal sinuses and radiography of the teeth can be carried out.

Treatment of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node

In the complex treatment of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion, measures to relieve the pain syndrome come first. They include the introduction of turundas with novocaine into the nasal cavity and the lubrication of the nasal cavity with dicaine. Sharply pronounced pains are an indication for the appointment of ganglion blockers (azamethonium bromide, benzohexonium), in especially severe cases, blockade of the pterygopalatine node with anesthetics (lidocaine, novocaine, etc.) is performed.

Treatment of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node of infectious and inflammatory etiology is combined with the use of anti-infective (antibiotics) and anti-inflammatory drugs. An effective way to treat ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node is the introduction of a hydrocortisone solution into the region of the pterygopalatine node. Antiallergic drugs (chloropyramine, loratadine, desloratadine) must be prescribed. The use of fortifying agents, vitamins of group B is shown.

According to indications, antispasmodic drugs, antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticholinergics, etc. can be included in complex therapy. Elderly patients are recommended to take vascular and anti-sclerotic drugs that improve cerebral and cardiac circulation. Of the physiotherapeutic methods of treatment, the most effective for ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node are UHF, DDT, endonasal electrophoresis of novocaine, mud therapy, massage of the muscles of the face and neck.

It should be noted that the complex treatment of ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion in most cases can reduce the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease. However, not in all cases it is able to save patients from relapses of the disease.

Ganglionite

Ganglionitis is a disease resulting from an infection (influenza, rheumatism, malaria, tonsillitis, herpes zoster, etc.) of one sympathetic nerve node or several nodes at once that have segmental roots and peripheral nerves. Also, ganglionitis can happen due to tumors, injuries and toxins.

Types and symptoms

In most cases, it is characterized by burning paroxysmal pains with itching in the area of ​​the affected ganglion and paresthesias (numbness, tingling). We list the most common types.

Herpetic. It is accompanied by the formation of rashes in the form of bubbles on the skin along the corresponding nerve trunk, which are painful. You will also feel pain in the area of ​​the spinous processes of the vertebrae, if you feel them with your fingers. The functioning of internal organs is disrupted due to the fact that the nodes that ensure their work are affected. In the area of ​​the affected ganglion, the skin color changes, in rare cases, skin ulceration occurs, the functions of thermoregulation and regional sweating are affected, and subcutaneous tissue swells. Regional muscles gradually weaken and lose their tone, they atrophy, contractures occur. Reflexes become worse, joint mobility decreases. In the case of disease of the upper cervical sympathetic ganglion, such pathologies occur in the head, neck and face.

Star node. There are pains in the upper chest and arm, as well as false angina syndrome.

Gasser node. This disease is manifested as a result of age-related suppression of immunity. This disease is much more difficult to pass, unlike herpes that has arisen in other places. Pain and rashes in most cases appear in the zone of innervation of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve, and also occur in the second and third branches. There is a risk of keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), accompanied by rashes in the form of small dots, fear of light and darkening of the surface layers.

Pterygopalatine node. Occurs with inflammation of the main and maxillary sinuses, the ethmoid labyrinth, because it is very close to the lower and upper jaw. The disease is characterized by acute pains in the eyes and around the orbit, in the zone of the upper jaw and root of the nose, less often in the teeth and gums of the lower jaw. The pain can spread further, starting from the temple area and ending even with the hands.

Crank node. Known as Ramsey-Hunt neuralgia, it is accompanied by herpetic eruptions of the ear, pain in the ear canal, and weakening of the face on the affected side. It also sometimes causes dizziness. Lesions of the lumbar and lower thoracic nodes are accompanied by a violation of the functions of organs in the abdominal cavity and small pelvis.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of this disease is made only on the basis of clinical data. Differential diagnosis is carried out with neuritis of somatic nerves, syringomyelia, meningoradiculitis, and neurovascular syndromes. In the case of lower thoracic and lumbar ganglionitis, diseases of the abdominal organs are excluded, and in case of upper thoracic and cervical ganglionitis, heart diseases are excluded.

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Treatment

The treatment of ganglionitis depends on its etiology. Usually, in the case of inflammatory processes, doctors prescribe desensitizing agents, antiviral and immunomodulatory agents to the patient.

Complex therapy consists of drugs that can reduce the excitability of vegetative formations. These include B vitamins, ganglion blockers (the most effective are gangleron and pahikarpin). Treatment of neuropathic pain is carried out with special drugs - anticonvulsants and antidepressants. Treatment with drugs is usually long-term, if necessary, it is supplemented with metabolic and vascular agents.

Novocaine blockade of the affected node is also carried out. Sometimes effective for ganglionitis and physiotherapy, which includes ultrasound therapy, Bernard currents, salt, radon and hydrogen sulfide baths, therapeutic mud, etc.

Symptoms of ganglioneuritis and its causes

In the human body there are many nerve bundles called ganglia. They are a concentration of neurons (nerve cells) and their processes with an outer layer of connective tissue. Inflammation of the ganglion in the sympathetic section is called ganglionitis and such a pathology manifests itself with various symptoms (pain, itching, etc.), which depend on the cause of the appearance.

Often this pathological process is combined with damage to distant (peripheral) nerve tissues, and in this case the disease is called ganglioneuritis. If the damaged node is localized on the sympathetic trunk and at the same time the root of the spinal cord is injured, then in medicine this phenomenon is called ganglioradiculitis. Multiple lesions of the nerve plexuses (polyganglionic) are rare and require urgent treatment. The course of therapy should be aimed at eliminating the cause and relieving symptoms.

The reasons

Ganglionitis develop due to many reasons. Basically, they are infectious in nature, namely:

Most of the developmental factors are various types of viruses, and the most common culprit is herpes. However, it does not always become the main cause, for example, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node develops due to chronic infections such as sinusitis, otitis media, etc.

Symptoms

There are many different forms of the disease. They are divided according to the causes of occurrence, and you can distinguish one type from another by knowing their symptoms:

• Herpetic ganglionitis. The main sign of the development of this form is the appearance of painful vesicles and pain when feeling the spinous processes of the spine. More often, the patient's thermoregulation is disturbed, reflexes and joint mobility decrease, subcutaneous tissue swells, and nearby muscle tissues weaken. Rarely, ulcers develop on the skin immediately above the ganglion;
• Ganglionitis of the gasser node. This type of disease is characterized by a rash in the region of the facial nerve, inflammation of the cornea, fear of light and darkening of the skin, localized above the site of injury. Rashes are usually almost imperceptible and they appear as small dots;
• Pterygopalatine ganglionitis. Such a pathology manifests itself in the form of attacks of severe pain, localized mainly in the head region (face, mouth, neck, etc.). Sometimes the disease of the pterygopalatine node gives discomfort to the hand. The connection of this plexus with the sympathetic department only aggravates the situation and the pain can spread to half of the body. Attacks of this form of the disease are usually accompanied by disorders in the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion affects the appearance of other symptoms, such as tearing and excessive secretion of saliva and mucus from the nose. In rare cases, the patient during the attack turns red half of the face, and after it there is a slight residual discomfort. More often, such seizures are observed in the late afternoon, and their highest frequency is in autumn and spring. The pathology of the pterygopalatine node can be triggered by the slightest cold, and in some cases, patients suffer from this disease for years;
• Ganglionitis of the geniculate node. This type of pathology is usually manifested by a rash localized in the region of the auricle. In its appearance, it looks like bubbles that cause pain on palpation. Patients experience pain in the affected area and dizziness often occurs;

• Ganglionitis of the stellate ganglion. This form of the disease is manifested by pain in the chest from the damaged ganglion, so it resembles an angina attack. Sometimes the pain radiates from the hand and the motor skills of the fingers are disturbed;
• Disease of the upper cervical node. This type of lesion is characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones. In people suffering from this form of the disease, the face turns red, sweating increases, metabolism accelerates, intraocular pressure decreases and the palpebral fissure expands. There is a possibility of developing paresis (weakening) of the muscle tissues of the larynx, which is why the voice is noticeably hoarse. Pain can sometimes be given to the oral cavity, so many patients treat their teeth in the hope of getting rid of the problem;
• Lower cervical node. People suffering from this type of ailment feel a decrease in tone and reflexes in the upper limb. There were situations when the auricle on the side of the damaged ganglion slightly sank in patients;
• Ganglioneuritis of the upper thoracic sympathetic nodes. It is characterized by the development of autonomic disorders and impaired sensitivity in the affected area. This process is accompanied by pain localized in the region of the heart, breathing problems and palpitations;
• Ganglioneuritis of nodes located in the lower part of the thoracic region and in the lower back. People with this type of disease suffer mainly from pain and trophic changes in the lower half of the trunk. They have sensory and vascular disorders in the innervated parts of the body, as well as malfunctions of the abdominal organs;
• sacral ganglioneuritis. Because of this form of the disease, patients have problems with urination and the functions of the genital organs. In women, against the background of the development of the sacral type, the menstrual cycle often goes astray.

Diagnostics

To diagnose the pathology, it will be necessary to differentiate ganglionitis among other similar diseases (syringomyelia, meningoradiculitis, etc.). This can be done, but for this you should consult with other specialists, for example, an ENT, dentist and neurologist. After the examination, they prescribe pharyngoscopy, fluoroscopy, otoscopy and other instrumental examination methods to see the cause of the pathology.

Course of therapy

The treatment regimen is compiled depending on the factor that influenced the development of the disease. It often includes the following:

• Antiallergic drugs;
• Immunomodulators;
• Antiviral medicines;
• Vitamin complexes, especially group B;
• Ganglioblockers of the Pahikarpin type;
• Antidepressants.

Additional therapies include the following:

• Blockade of the ganglion node by introducing novocaine into damaged nerve tissues;
• Ultrasound;
• Sulfate and radon baths;
• Healing mud;
• Bernard current.

Complications

Any pathology associated with the nervous system leaves a mark. The main complication of ganglionitis is postherpetic neuralgia. It is characterized by a strong burning sensation in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bdamage. It intensifies on palpation and any other contact, for example, with water, a towel, etc. There have been cases when such a complication tormented patients for 2-3 years after the course of therapy.

Sometimes there is a slight weakening of muscle tissue in the place where the pathology was localized. The consequences can last a lifetime. In the absence of treatment, patients developed zoster myelitis and encephalitis.

Prevention

Preventive measures serve to prevent relapses and speed up the recovery period. The methods are extremely effective if combined with a healthy lifestyle. A person should fully sleep, give up bad habits, play sports and properly compose their diet.

There are 2 types of prevention:

• Primary. It includes methods and procedures aimed at improving the immune system to prevent the development of pathology. The best effect is shown by ultraviolet irradiation and hardening of the body. The first method is prescribed by the attending physician, and before using the second method, a specialist consultation is required;
• Secondary. It consists of physiotherapy procedures (UHF, microwave, mud baths, etc.) and folk therapies that are designed to prevent relapses. The duration of the course is compiled by the attending physician.

Ganglionitis is unpleasant and people suffer from it for a long period of time. Left untreated, this disease can leave behind consequences that depend on its severity and cause. It is possible to avoid such a fate due to the timely course of therapy and compliance with the rules of prevention.

Symptoms and treatment of ganglionitis

Ganglionitis is a disease that is based on inflammation of the ganglion. A ganglion is a ganglion that consists of several components - nerve cells, their bodies, axons and dendrites. Its shell is made up of connective tissue. If several such nodes become inflamed at once, then this condition is called polyganglionic.

The reasons

Inflammation of one or more ganglia cannot appear just like that. Usually this is facilitated by other diseases, among which the most frequent are:

But most often the cause of this disease is viruses, therefore, according to statistics, it develops against the background of the manifestation of a herpes infection. If ganglionitis has arisen in the region of the pterygopalatine node, then here the main causes can be considered sinusitis, rhinitis in the chronic stage, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, purulent otitis media.

Manifestations

The symptoms of ganglionitis will depend on its cause. But each type is characterized by such common manifestations as burning pains, which are paroxysmal, and severe itching in the affected area. Paresthesia, which is a tingling or numbness sensation on the skin over the affected ganglion, may also develop.

Inflammation of a herpetic nature is accompanied by a rash of blisters, the touch of which brings pain. The same pain will be in the area of ​​the spinous processes of the vertebrae, if you try to palpate them. The work of internal organs may be disrupted due to damage to the nerve nodes that ensure their smooth operation. The skin also changes over the affected ganglion itself. It changes color, and in more severe cases, ulcers can form on it. The function of thermoregulation and sweating is disturbed, edema of the subcutaneous tissue begins. The muscles that are located nearby begin to weaken and lose their tone. Reflexes also decrease, joints become stiff. If the disease affects the cervical ganglia, then the same symptoms begin to appear on the face, neck and in different parts of the head.

With the development of inflammation in the region of the stellate node, pain in the upper half of the chest and false angina may be observed.

Ganglionitis of the gasser node develops due to a decrease in the body's defenses. This disease proceeds much more severely than herpetic ganglionitis, and rashes most often occur in the area of ​​the trigeminal nerve - on the face, near the eyes. In this case, there is a high risk of developing keratitis, that is, inflammation of the cornea. Other symptoms include photophobia and darkening of the surface layers of the skin. The rashes themselves look like small, barely distinguishable dots.

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion is characterized by acute pain in the area of ​​the eyes and around the orbits, in the area of ​​the upper jaw and root of the nose, less often in the area of ​​the lower jaw. In this case, the pain can spread to the temples, and even to the hands.

Inflammation of the crankshaft is characterized by inflammation and herpetic eruptions in the ear area and pain. Sometimes there may be complaints of dizziness. With the defeat of the lumbar and lower thoracic nodes, there is a violation of the function of the pelvic organs and the abdominal cavity.

Diagnostics

For diagnosis, only the clinical picture and complaints of the patient are used. There are no tests to confirm the diagnosis. It is imperative to conduct a differential diagnosis with diseases such as:

1. Neuritis of the somatic nerve.
2. Syringomyelia.
3. Meningoradiculitis.
4. neurovascular syndromes.

When diagnosing, consultations with a neurologist, dentist, ENT are required. Otoscopy and pharyngoscopy may be required, and x-ray diagnostics are sometimes prescribed.

Drug therapy

Treatment for ganglionitis depends on its symptoms and what causes the disease. Most often, antiallergic and antiviral drugs are prescribed, as well as immunomodulators that help boost immunity. Treatment must necessarily be comprehensive and include the intake of B vitamins and ganglion blockers, the most effective of which are considered to be gangleron and pahikarpin.

To treat pain, drugs such as finlepsin, tebantin or katadolon are used. If this is necessary, then treatment can be supplemented with antidepressants.

Novocaine blockades in the affected area help to cope very well with pain. It helps to cope with inflammation and physiotherapy - ultrasound, Bernard currents, radon baths, sulfuric acid baths, therapeutic mud. However, to achieve a lasting effect, it is imperative to cure the main cause of this disease and certainly increase immunity. This is the only way to get rid of inflammation of the ganglia forever.

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Ganglionitis is a disease that is based on the inflammatory process in the ganglion.

Ganglia is a cluster of nerve nodes, consisting of arrays of nerve cells, their dendrites and axons.

Inflammation of several such nodes at once is called polyoganglionitis. Symptoms and treatment of ganglionitis are discussed below.

Inflammatory processes in the ganglia do not begin spontaneously and for no apparent reason. There are several basic provoking factors:

• infections: typhus, pleurisy, dysentery, tonsillitis, malaria, influenza, brucellosis, syphilis, etc.;
• severe intoxication;
• trauma;
• changes in metabolic cycles, for example, any type of diabetes;
• long course of corticosteroids;
• tumors of various etiologies, regardless of the degree of quality;
• in women, the cause of ganglionitis often lies in the inflammation of the tissues of the genital organs;
• at risk are patients with osteochondrosis and sciatica.

A typical cause of inflammation is viruses, ganglionitis often develops as a consequence of herpes zoster or hepatitis.

With the defeat of the pterygopalatine node (Slader's syndrome), among the causes are chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, purulent forms of otitis media.

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Types of ganglionite

There are several forms of ganglionic inflammation, differing in both symptoms and treatment methods:

• With damage to the stellate node symptoms of the disease are localized in the upper third of the sternum, affecting the upper limbs. False angina pectoris with characteristic heart pains is noted.
• Inflammation of the ganglia in the Gasser node(trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal ganglionitis) has a complex clinical picture and develops against the background of immune deficiency provoked by herpes. The disease is common in people aged 50+. Pain and rash appear in the region of innervation of the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. The patient suffers from photophobia and keratitis, body t rises, weakness, paresthesia appear. After 2-3 days, a vesicular type rash and swelling around the eyes are noted.
• Inflammation of the pterygopalatine node affects the ganglia located in the region of the main and maxillary sinuses. Reasons for the development of pathology: arthritis that affected the temporomandibular joint, purulent form of otitis media, pharyngitis, chronic inflammation of the sinuses, caries, periodontitis, pulpitis, tonsillitis. As symptoms, sharp pains should be considered that occur not only in the localization zone of the node, but also when touching the eye sockets, upper jaw, root of the nose, temples, auricle, shoulder, hand, forearm and back of the head. This can be explained by the fact that the node has anatomical features that are individual for each patient, as well as a large number of anastomoses. Catarrhal syndrome is also noted: hyperemia, swelling of the face, lacrimation, rhinorrhea (one nostril), salivation. Manifestations are more intense at night, paroxysm can last for several minutes or several days.
• Neuralgia Ramsey-Hunt is rare, expressed in herpetic eruptions near the auricle. On the affected side, the ear hurts, spontaneous bouts of dizziness appear. The cause is a herpes infection. The clinical picture develops acutely, the patient complains of malaise, paresis of the facial nerve manifests itself, and hearing is reduced. The pain radiates to the back of the head, head, neck, face and has the character of neuropathy. Herpetic papules are also visible on the soft palate and tonsils. External examination demonstrates horizontal nystagmus and paresis of the mimic muscles of the face. Half of the tongue becomes insensitive.
• cervical ganglionitis provoked by osteochondrosis, chronic infections, acute poisoning. Pain is observed only on the side of the lesion, in addition to it, there is a change in skin color, nasal congestion, tissue hypotrophy, an increase in the number of fine wrinkles in one part of the face, hyperemia of the eyeball, Bernard-Horner and Pourfure du Petit syndromes. Inflammation of the ganglia in the upper cervical node develops against the background of chronic tonsillitis. It is expressed in aching pains: shoulder girdle, neck, nape. The pain is aggravated by palpation near the exit points of the occipital nerves (paravertebral region). Part of the face on the affected side may turn red.
• With submandibular and sublingual ganglionitis the pain is indicatively felt in the tongue, radiating to the lower jaw, the region of the back of the head, neck and temples. The patient becomes more painful when trying to move the jaws, saliva production increases, the tongue and sublingual soft tissues swell, become hypersensitive and hyperpathic.
• Oppenheim syndrome or inflammation of the ciliary ganglion occurs as a consequence of herpes or chronic sinusitis. Paroxysmal pains in the frontal region, near the eye sockets, on the root of the nose, hard part of the palate and temples. The patient complains that the eyes “fall out” of the orbits, the mucous membrane of the eye turns red, the eyelids swell, tears flow profusely, Bernard-Horner syndrome and exophthalmos are observed.
• Frey's syndrome or inflammation of the ear node develops against the background of parotitis, caries, sialadenitis. The pains are paroxysmal, have signs of vegetalgia, develop in the area of ​​the temporomandibular joint, temples and ears. They can also be occipital, cervical, affect the sternum, shoulder girdle and the entire limb. Because of the spasm of the auditory tube, noises appear in the ear, the patient complains of salivation. You can stop the pain by means of a subzygomatic blockade.

The herpetic form is expressed in massive rashes that look like small papules. A rash appears on the skin along the inflamed nerve nodes. The patient complains of pain in the spine, and when pressing on the spinous processes of the vertebrae, he feels discomfort and tingling.

cervical ganglionitis

A change in conductivity in the sympathetic nodes leads to disturbances in the work of a number of internal organs, outwardly affected foci are noticeable by peeling and ulceration of the skin.

Muscles close to the inflamed node are atonic, and in the chronic type of herpetic ganglionitis, they can partially atrophy. There is a deterioration in reflexes, the joints lose their mobility.

When the disease is localized in the upper cervical sympathetic node, facial expressions suffer, it is difficult for the patient to turn his head to the side.

Symptoms

• severe pain with paroxysmal character;
• the skin over the inflamed node itches unbearably, thermoregulation is disturbed and sweating increases;
• paresthesia and edema of the subcutaneous tissue may develop;
• muscle tone weakens, reflexes fade, articular mobility decreases.

Diagnostics

Differential clarification of the diagnosis is very difficult, it is possible to establish the cause of inflammation on the basis of clinical symptoms and complaints of the patient.

There are no specific tests and examinations that absolutely confirm this type of inflammation.

The patient needs to receive a neurological, dental and ENT consultation.

Often, pharyngoscopy and otoscopy are required, in particular cases, x-rays.

A comparative analysis is carried out with somatic neuritis, syringomyelia, meningoradiculitis, neurovascular pathologies.

If ganglionitis has affected the lower thoracic or lumbar nerve nodes, diseases of the peritoneal organs should be excluded, and with upper thoracic or cervical inflammation, heart disease should be excluded.

Treatment

The treatment regimen depends on the causes that provoked ganglionitis. The standard set of drugs used: desensitizing drugs that help prevent or stop an allergic reaction, antiviral drugs and immunomodulators. In addition, the patient is shown means that reduce the excitability of ganglionic nodes (vegetative formations).

We are talking about injections of vitamin B and taking ganglioblockers, the best of which are Gangleron and Pahikarpin.

If the pain is very severe, Finlepsin is prescribed for a long course, and together with it it is recommended to take antidepressants selected by a specialist.

Often they resort to injectable novocoin blockade of the affected nodes.

Neuropathic pain is stopped by Finlepsin, Lyrica, Katadolon or Tebantin.

Other therapeutic methods are also practiced: hydrogen sulfide and radon baths, mud compresses, ultrasound, Bernard currents, physiotherapy.

Prevention of recurrence of ganglionitis is carried out taking into account the primary disease, therefore, for healthy people (not at risk), such attempts to prevent inflammation are meaningless.

As soon as the first symptoms appear, including pain and itching, they proceed to physioprophylaxis, preventing neurological disorders with the help of artificial and natural methods of physical impact.

Focusing on the genesis of the disease, they resort to either primary or secondary physioprophylaxis.

In the first case, the goal is to increase the resistance of the immune system (ultraviolet irradiation, hardening), in the second, microwave or UHF therapy, aerosol therapy, aeroionotherapy, heat and mud therapy are used in order to recover as soon as possible after recovery.

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Ganglionitis is an inflammation of the ganglion, the constituent components of which are the bodies of nerve cells, axons, dendrites. In this case, the normal functional ability of the sympathetic column is disturbed and this is manifested by dysfunction of secretion, pain sensitivity and other important tasks. It should be noted emotional disorders that greatly affect relationships with other people.

• pterygopalatine;
• ciliary;
• ear;
• cranked;
• trigeminal;
• submandibular;
• sublingual;
• stellate;
• upper cervical.

The cause of the disease can be a variety of acute, chronic infections. For example, malaria, brucellosis, syphilis, tonsillitis, influenza, rheumatism, herpes. In addition, trauma, tumors, intoxication, corticosteroid therapy can be factors for the onset of the inflammatory process.

Causes and symptoms

Depending on which ganglion is affected, there will be corresponding clinical manifestations, which are described below.

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine ganglion (Slader's syndrome)

The causes of the pathological condition are arthritis of the temporal mandibular joint, purulent, pharyngitis, chronic processes in the sinuses (sinusitis), teeth (caries, periodontitis), tonsils (tonsillitis).

Clinical manifestations are varied. This is due to the fact that the node has individual anatomical features for each person and a large number of anastomoses. The pain is burning, bursting, very intense in half of the body (hemitype). Pain can be localized not only in the area where the knot itself is located, but also in such areas: around the orbit, in the eye, the root of the nose, the upper and lower jaws (teeth, gums), temples, auricle, back of the head, shoulder, forearm, hand.

Pain is accompanied by catarrhal syndrome: flushing and swelling of the face, lacrimation, rhinorrhea with one nostril, salivation. This condition is more often observed at night, the duration of the paroxysm is from several minutes to several days.

To confirm the ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node, the method of lubricating the nasal cavity with a solution of dicaine with adrenaline is used, after which the pain disappears.

In the periods between attacks, mild signs of autonomic symptoms remain.

Inflammation of the cervical sympathetic nodes

Etiological factors are predominantly chronic infection, intoxication.

Pain sensations radiate (give) to half of the body. Signs: redness, stuffy half of the nose, tissue hypotrophy, a large number of wrinkles, sometimes hyperpigmentation of the corresponding half of the face, hyperemia of the internal apple, Bern-ra-Horner syndrome and Pourfure-de-Petit.

Causes: tonsillitis, chronic infectious diseases, intoxication.

Most often, patients complain of pain in the cervical-occipital region and shoulder girdle. On palpation of pain points in the projection of the node, the exit of the occipital nerves, the paravertebral region, pain is felt. Accompanied by redness and atrophy of the corresponding half of the face.

Ganglionitis of the upper cervical node

Pathology of the submandibular and sublingual nodes

In this case, the pain is localized in the tongue, submandibular region with irradiation to the lower jaw, neck, neck, temples. Pain increases with movements of the lower jaw (eating, talking). The secretion of saliva increases, the tongue and tissues of the submandibular region swell. The anterior part of the tongue and the oral mucosa are characterized by increased sensitivity and hyperpathy. In addition, there will be a necessarily lingual-submandibular pain phenomenon.

Ganglionitis of the geniculate ganglion (Ramsey Hunt syndrome)

The herpes virus is the cause of the disease.

The onset of the disease is acute, manifested by general malaise, paresis of the facial nerve, hearing loss. Pain attacks occur on the affected side in the ear area, they can spread to the back of the head, neck, head, face and have a neuropathic character. In addition, herpetic rashes are observed in the affected areas and on the mucous membrane (soft palate, tonsils). The patient may complain of hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus. On examination, there will be horizontal nystagmus and paresis of facial muscles. Sensitivity is impaired on half of the tongue.

Ganglionitis of Gasser (trigeminal) node

The disease is caused by a herpetic infection that occurs against a background of reduced immunity, especially in the elderly.

Ganglionitis is characterized by fever, general malaise, intoxication, photophobia, paresthesia, excruciating and persistent pain in the area of ​​​​innervation of the first, less often the second and third branches. A few days after the onset of pain, a vesicular rash and swelling of the periocular zone are observed.

Ciliary lesion (Openheim's syndrome)

The main causes are sinusitis, the herpes virus.

Characteristic. The pain is paroxysmal in the forehead, eye socket, temples, root of the nose and hard palate. It causes such a feeling that the eyeballs seem to protrude from the orbit. On examination, the mucous membrane of the eye is red, the eyelids are swollen, profuse lacrimation, Petit's syndrome, Horner's syndrome.

Ganglionitis of the ear node (Frey's syndrome)

Possible causes: mumps, sialadenitis, diseases of the dentoalveolar system.

Paroxysmal pain with signs of vegetalgia occurs in the area in front of the temporomandibular joint, temples, and ear. Irradiates (gives off) to the back of the head, neck, shoulder girdle, arm, upper chest. The patient in this case complains of noise in the ear (with spasm of the auditory tube), increased salivation. Subzygomatic blockade of the ear node successfully relieves pain and this makes it possible to diagnose Frey's Syndrome.

Pathology of the stellate node

The pain that occurs is very reminiscent of an angina attack, is localized in the upper chest and radiates (gives) to the hands.

Diagnostics

It is sometimes very difficult for doctors to make an accurate diagnosis. It is necessary to consult a neurologist, dentist, ENT.

The diagnosis is based on clinical data:

• severe and paroxysmal pain that resembles a burn sensation;
• itching of the affected area;
• paresthesia, anesthesia;
• swelling;
• hyperemia;
• amyotrophy;
• hypersensitivity;
• disorder of innervation (pilomotor, secretory, vasomotor, trophic);
• catarrhal syndrome;
• local and general temperature increase;
• malaise.

On examination, there will be pain on palpation of the pain points of the projection of the node itself and its nerves, a violation of sensitivity.

Sometimes additional diagnostic methods are used: otoscopy, pharyngoscopy, radiography.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with such diseases as syringomyelia, meningoradiculitis, neurovascular syndrome, neuritis of somatic nerves, diseases of the heart and abdominal organs.

Treatment of ganglionitis

Therapy depends on the cause that led to the pathological condition. Doctors prescribe such methods of therapy that are suitable in a particular case and depending on the general condition of the patient.

Of the physiotherapy methods used: ultrasound therapy, ionogalvanization, phonophoresis, Bernard currents, UV irradiation, electrophoresis, laser therapy.

In addition, low-temperature therapeutic muds, baths (radon, salt, hydrogen sulfide), ozocerite applications are used.

Drug therapy includes the appointment of such drugs:

• analgesics (sedalgin, indomethacin) - to relieve pain;
• antibiotics, sulfa drugs (in the process caused by bacteria);
• antiviral - in the presence of a herpes infection (acyclovir);
• ganglioblockers - to reduce the excitability of vegetative formations;
• desensitizing agents (suprastin, diphenhydramine);
• injections of glucocorticosteroids into the projection area of ​​the node (hydrocortisone);
• antispasmodics (papaverine);
• biogenic stimulants and immunomodulators to increase immunity (echinacea extract, aloe);
• antipsychotics, antidepressants (chlorpromazine, tizercin);
• nootropic drugs to improve cerebral circulation (mainly for the elderly);
• B vitamins (cyanocobolamine, B6);
• anticholinergic drugs (platifillin, metacin) - if severe symptoms of the parasympathetic system;
• novocaine blockade of the node;
• applications of 25% dimexide solution with 10% novocaine.

If medical and physiotherapeutic methods are ineffective or contraindicated, then surgical intervention is recommended. To do this, carry out novocaine blockade of the node or destroy it with the help of alcoholization. In addition, the operation is indicated in the case when the ganglion is affected by a tumor.

Forecast

In most cases, patients recover. But sometimes there may be complications later: trophic changes in the nerve innervation zone, causalgic pains, muscle paresis, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, meningitis. During the disease, the ability to work is significantly reduced, especially when the pathological process takes a long time.

Prevention

First of all, it is necessary to treat chronic diseases, as they are the main cause of ganglionitis. The second task is to strengthen the immune system. To do this, you need to eat right, exercise, refrain from stressful situations. You can use immunostimulants. In addition, it is necessary to avoid hypothermia, injury.

For the treatment of ganglionitis, it is necessary to first understand and find out the etiological factor. There are many options for therapy, it all depends on the affected ganglion, the patient's condition, concomitant diseases, contraindications. The prognosis for well-chosen treatment is quite favorable.

Ganglionitis is a serious neurological disease characterized by damage to one or more ganglia. Ganglion in medical science is called the sympathetic nerve ganglion. Most often, the defeat of the nerve node occurs due to the spread of infection, in particular, influenza, herpes, etc.

The very fact that nerve cells are affected during an illness speaks of the danger of a disease that causes numbness of the skin or unpleasant tingling in places of anomaly.

Ganglionitis is not a very common disease, however, it has quite a few varieties, which depend mainly on the true root cause, or, in other words, on the type of infection.

Ganglionitis comes in several varieties:

• herpetic
• pterygopalatine ganglionitis
• stellate ganglionitis
• Ganglionite Gasser's node
• geniculate ganglionitis

As you can see, the types of diseases differ in infections and local places that the disease has affected, namely, in the nerve nodes located in different parts of the body.

Ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node affects the zone of the upper and lower jaw, as a result, a sick person may experience cramps in these places, as well as in the eyes. Pterygopalatine ganglionitis can cause pain in the teeth and gums. If you do not resort to treatment for a long time, then the ganglionitis of the pterygopalatine node spreads to the hands.

This once again indicates a very dense relationship between all the nerve nodes in the human body. Pterygopalatine ganglionitis can also cause rashes in the mouth area. This is a consequence of the process of inflammation.

Ganglionitis of the stellate ganglion is accompanied by inflammation in the upper region of the chest. Sometimes, with it, a person can even feel pain in the heart, a violation of its rhythm, however, in fact, these sensations are false, since the disease affects only nerve cells in this case.

Ganglionitis of the Gasser node usually occurs in people of age, it passes against the background of general oppression and weakened immunity. This disease is practically not treated and is very difficult for the patient. There is a rash in the area of ​​​​the eyes and cornea, a person may experience such a phenomenon as photophobia.

Ganglionitis of the geniculate node mainly affects the organs of hearing. In this case, redness in the ear area, rashes inside the ear canals can be observed, which leads to hearing loss, as well as unpleasant feelings and headaches, dizziness, which may possibly be the result of hearing problems.

Causes of ganglionitis

As already mentioned, ganglionitis is usually the result of a specific pathology or infection. Doctors identify the following causes of ganglionitis:

• flu
• malaria
• herpes virus
• angina
• poisoning of the body with chemical, biological substances, alcohol, drugs
• internal tumors affecting nerve nodes

One way or another, but rarely ganglionitis acts as a separate ailment and very often - as the development of rashes, pain, pain due to an already existing pathology.

The most common type of ganglionitis can be recognized as herpetic, based on a serious infection that affects the body. In this case, the acute nature of the disease is observed, which immediately begins to manifest itself outwardly.

In addition to the above reasons, metabolic disorders in the body, as well as osteochondrosis of the spine, can also act as risk factors, because its curvature can contribute to nerve compression.

Symptoms of herpetic ganglionitis

Symptoms of ganglionitis usually manifest themselves quite clearly, while delivering a lot of discomfort to a person. Doctors identify several external manifestations that directly indicate damage to the nerve nodes in the body:

• itching in the area of ​​​​inflammation and lesions
• severe pain, sometimes even radiating to the head, limbs
• numbness and tingling of the affected areas of the skin
• excessive sweating, sometimes causeless chills
• deterioration of reflective abilities, sometimes - a violation of coordination of movements
• frequent rashes in the form of red vesicles in places of localization of inflammation

It should be borne in mind that each type is characterized by a certain set of manifestations, but these symptoms are something in common between all types of ganglionitis identified by medicine over time.

Ganglionitis is characterized by a rash on the skin of red dense vesicles, which are unnatural skin formations and the touch of which causes the patient very severe pain.

Sometimes the skin in the place where the ganglion was affected changes its color, becoming red, scarlet, or even purple with bluish tints.

This indicates a violation of the subcutaneous integument and the inclusion of a protection mechanism. Muscles located close to inflammation lose their former tone, become weak, sometimes even atrophy. Further, it spreads to all the muscles of the body, because in the body there is a tight relationship between the nerves.

But the worst thing that ganglionitis can bring with it is a violation of the functioning of the internal organs that are located near the affected ganglion. All these symptoms, added together, create a clear clinical picture, which is very convenient for the doctor to determine the final diagnosis.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis of ganglionitis includes clarifying the patient's complaints and external manifestations, which are expressed in rashes, pain, changes in skin color, etc. However, in some cases, even this may not be enough to recreate the clinical picture.

Therefore, in some cases, the doctor may prescribe an x-ray or otoscopy. Also, when diagnosing a disease, separate consultations of a neurologist, dentist and other doctors may be required.

Treatment of herpetic ganglionitis

Ganglionitis can be cured, however, it can take a lot of time and effort. The main thing in the treatment of this disease is not only to get rid of the root cause, but also to remove the inflammation of the ganglia, and also try to increase your immunity in order to continue to protect the body from external viruses.

Treatment of ganglionitis should be comprehensive.

This means that, in addition to taking various medications, the patient needs to play sports, take soothing baths, use folk remedies and, of course, take measures to harden the body. It is also recommended to take vitamins.

As you know, ganglionitis can be accompanied by terrible pain, especially when touching the rash. Therefore, the doctor will prescribe drugs such as Katadolon or Finlepsin. They relieve pain attacks. You may also need to take antidepressants.

Folk remedies for herpetic ganglionitis include soothing decoctions, herbal teas, coniferous or mud baths. Their role is also important in recovery. Do not forget about physical activity. Let them be insignificant, but even an ordinary walk in the fresh air will produce a certain effect.

Only complex measures can get rid of ganglionitis.