Chromatic anomaly. Pathology of color vision

Introduction. Color vision, like visual acuity, is a function of the cone apparatus of the retina and mainly depends on the state of the macular region of the retina and the papillomacular bundle of the optic nerve. The study of color vision is essential for the diagnosis of congenital and acquired pathology of the fundus and career guidance of adolescents. Color perception may be completely absent - monochromasia, partially - dichromasia, or reduced - abnormal trichromasia.

Etiology and pathogenesis. There are congenital and acquired color vision disorders.

Congenital color vision disorders occur in 5-8% of males and 0.05% of females. The cause of congenital color vision disorders is the absence or insufficient functioning of one of the three components of color vision.

In the visual analyzer, the existence of mainly three types of color receivers, or color-sensing components, is allowed. The first (protos) is most strongly excited by long light waves, weaker by medium waves, and even weaker by short ones. The second (deuteros) is more strongly excited by medium, weaker - by long and short light waves. The third (tritos) is weakly excited by long waves, stronger by medium waves, and most of all by short waves. Therefore, light of any wavelength excites all three color receivers, but to varying degrees.

Color vision is normally called trichromatic, because only 3 colors are needed to obtain different tones and shades. Most often, red, green and blue are chosen as the primary colors - the RGB model (an abbreviation of the English words Red, Green, Blue - red, green, blue)

The causes of acquired disorders are: inflammatory or dystrophic retinal diseases, optic nerve atrophy, glaucoma, brain diseases, eye and skull injuries.

Symptoms. monochromatic is rare and is characterized by complete color blindness. dichromasia occurs in the form of protanopia - partial color blindness mainly to red; deuteranopia - partial color blindness mainly to green; tritanopia - blue color blindness. With deuteranopia, some green colors are identified with gray, light green with dark red, blue with purple, green and red with yellow, but at different brightness values ​​than with protanopia. For the first time, dichromacy was described by Dalton, and therefore this type of color vision disorder is called color blindness.

Anomalous trichromasia also occurs as protanomaly, deuteranomaly, and tritanomaly. There are 3 degrees of severity of disorders in protanomaly and deuteranomaly: A, B, C (A is the highest). Patients with protanomaly mix red colors with grays of the same brightness, light reds with dark greens, some reds and greens with yellows, blues with pinks, blues with violets and purples.

Diagnostics. The diagnosis is made using polychromatic color tables, spectral anomaloscopes, color scales.

Color vision in children, as in adults, is checked using Rabkin's polychromatic tables. The tables are built taking into account the generally accepted types of color vision disorders and make it possible to establish with great accuracy its congenital or acquired pathology already starting from 2-4 years of a child's life; the study is carried out with good lighting of the tables, which are placed at the level of the child's eyes in a vertical plane. The study is carried out monocularly, from a distance of 0.5-1 m, with a visual acuity of more than 0.05. If the visual acuity is 0.05-0.02, then the child can view the tables from a closer distance. Older children name numbers and figures, younger children circle them with a finger or a brush.

There are the following options for reading tables: 1) correct reading; 2) uncertain reading; 3) incorrect typical reading; 4) incorrect atypical reading; 5) tables are not readable. All answers are recorded on a special card.

You can check color vision in a "silent" way. The child is given a scattered mosaic, sets of colored pencils or floss threads of different colors, but approximately the same brightness, and they are offered to sort them into piles by tone. In case of violation of color vision, the piles contain objects that are close not in tone, but in brightness.

The simplest, most accessible and fastest approximate way to check color vision in children of the first years of life who already know the names of the main tones is, for example, a request: “show me a red check on a dress (tie, scarf)”, etc.

Differences between congenital and acquired color vision disorders:
(1) in congenital disorders, sensitivity is reduced only to red and green colors, in acquired disorders - to red, green and blue;
(2) contrast sensitivity in congenital disorders is not reduced, in acquired disorders it is reduced;
(3) congenital disorders are stable, acquired may vary in type and degree;
(4) the level of functional stability in congenital disorders is reduced, but stable, in acquired disorders it is variable;
(5) congenital disorders, unlike acquired ones, are always binocular, more common in males.

Treatment. Congenital anomalies of color vision cannot be treated; with acquired anomalies, the underlying disease is treated.

Need to remember that the development of color perception is delayed if the newborn is kept in a room with poor lighting. In addition, the formation of color vision is due to the development of conditioned reflex connections. Therefore, for the correct development of color vision, it is necessary to create good lighting conditions for children and, from an early age, draw their attention to bright toys, placing these toys at a considerable distance from their eyes (50 cm or more) and changing their colors. When choosing toys, it should be borne in mind that the fovea is most sensitive to the yellow-green and orange parts of the spectrum and is not very sensitive to blue. With increasing illumination, all colors except blue, blue-green, yellow and purple-crimson are perceived as yellow-white colors due to a change in brightness. Children's garlands should have yellow, orange, red and green balls in the center, and balls with an admixture of blue, blue, white, dark must be placed at the edges.

Color vision anomalies are a violation of color perception by the visual analyzer.

Color vision is provided by cones. There are three types of cones: blue-violet, green, and yellow-red. According to the principle of color mixing, any color is obtained by mixing the three above. In accordance with the tricolor theory, the natural sensation of color is called normal trichromasia.

Clinical picture

Color vision disorders are congenital and acquired. Anomalies of color vision, which are of an acquired nature, are noted in the pathology of the retina, optic nerve, central nervous system, poisoning, intoxication. They are manifested by a violation of the perception of the three primary colors and are accompanied by various visual impairments. These disorders usually change their nature during the course of the disease and in the course of its treatment, while congenital disorders cannot be corrected. Typically, congenital disorders depend on the weakening or complete loss of function, usually one of the components. This vision is called dichromacy. Pathology of color perception can be inherited.

According to the classification of Chris and Nagel, the following types of color vision are distinguished:

• normal trichromasia;
• abnormal trichromasia;
• dichromasia;
• monochromasia;

Anomalous trichromasia, in turn, is divided into protanomaly, deuteranomaly, tritanomaly. Dichromasia is divided into protanopia (partial blindness to red), deuteranopia (partial blindness to green), tritanopia (partial blindness to blue or purple).

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis, the Ishihara test is performed.

Treatment of color vision anomalies

Treatment is prescribed only after the diagnosis is confirmed by a specialist doctor.

ANOMALIES OF COLOR VISION- Minor color disturbances.

The sensation of color occurs when the optic nerve is exposed to electromagnetic radiation with an energy of 2.5 x 10 12 to 5 x 10-12 erg (wave group from 400 to 760 nm). In this case, the combined action of electromagnetic radiation in the entire specified interval (visible part of the spectrum) causes a sensation of white color, colored. A certain color is characterized by a certain wavelength - lambda. The change towards long wavelengths is accompanied by a change in color from yellow to red to blue and green. This is called a deepening of color, or bathochromic effect, a change towards short waves - an increase in color, or a hypsochromic effect. When the perception of electromagnetic waves by the optic nerve is impaired, color perception is impaired.

Another cause of color vision disorder is dyschromasia- Violation of color perception by retinal elements. There are three main elements in the retina of the eye, each of which perceives only one of the three primary colors (red, green, violet), as a result of their mixing, all the shades perceived by the normal eye are obtained. This is normal - trichromatic - color perception. When one of these elements falls out, partial color blindness occurs - dichromasia. The difference in color in persons suffering from dichromasia occurs mainly in their brightness. Qualitatively, they can only differ in the spectrum of warm tones (red, orange, yellow) from cold tones (green, blue, violet). Dichromasia is divided into red blindness - protanopia, in which the perceived spectrum is shortened from the red end, and green blindness - deuteranopia. In the case of protanopia (color blindness), the red color is seen as darker, mixed with dark green, dark brown, and green - with light gray, light yellow, light brown. In the case of deuteranopia, green is mixed with light orange, light pink, and red with light green, light brown. Violet color blindness - tritanopia is extremely rare. In tritanopia, all colors of the spectrum appear as shades of red or green.

In some cases, there is a color anomaly - only a weakening of color perception (red - protanomaly, green - deuteranomaly, purple - tritanomaly). All of these forms of color perception disorders are congenital. Men suffer from color blindness 20 times more often than women, but women are the carriers of the abnormal gene. Acquired color vision disorders can occur with various diseases of the organ of vision and the central nervous system (brain tumors).

Diagnostics

Color vision disorder is detected using special tables or spectral instruments.

Treatment

Hereditary color blindness is not subject to correction, with acquired color blindness - the treatment of the underlying disease.

- an anomaly of color vision, occurring due to the absence of M-cones. With deuteranopia, green, red, yellow shades merge into a single color. According to studies, in those patients who develop deuteranopia, there is a failure and fusion of the mechanisms for perceiving the above colors.

Deuteranopia refers to dichromasia - the features of the perception of a picture by only two types of cones. Other types of dichromasia are protanopia and tritanopia.

In general, patients with deuteranopia do not distinguish certain colors of the spectrum in the same way as protanopes, but they do not have image darkening.

With protanopia, dark shades - purple, violet, burgundy, blue - are similar and practically do not differ from each other. The figure below shows the colors of the rainbow to illustrate how people with dichromacy see them.

Pathology refers to diseases that lead to color blindness. It occurs in 1% of men and is often referred to as color blindness.

This term is used in honor of J. Dalton, a man who was diagnosed with the disease after his death (after 1.5 centuries). This event happened in 1995 during the study of the DNA of Dalton's eye, preserved in the laboratory.

color vision anomalies

Ophthalmologists refer to anomalies as small problems and violations in the definition of colors and shades. All of them are genetically transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, that is, on the basis of linkage to the X chromosome.

All patients with color perception anomalies are considered trichromats. This means that such people, as with normal vision in a healthy person, need to apply 3 colors to determine the visible spectrum.

But people with slight deviations in color perception are somewhat worse at understanding colors than trichromats with good vision.

If you use a special test for comparing colors, but they use red and green in different proportions. If testing is performed using an anomaloscope instrument, then the data reflects the following fact.

Protanomaly sees more red, while deuteranomaly sees more green. Sometimes with tritanomaly, the color perception of yellow and blue shades pathologically changes.

Dichromates

Existing types of dichromatopsia are also transmitted genetically through communication with the X chromosome. Pathology boils down to the fact that the patient can describe all the shades only with the help of 2 primary colors. By analogy with deuteranopes and protanopes, the activity of the green-red channel is abnormally changed in such patients.

For example, in protanopia, there is no difference between black and red, and descriptions of red are often confused in comparison with brown, gray, less often with green. Patients see some of the color spectrum as achromatic.

With protanopia, this part is from 480 to 495 nm., With deuteranopia - from 495 to 500 nm. Tritanopia develops much less frequently. Such patients do not distinguish between blue and yellow shades.

At the same time, the entire end of the spectrum of the blue-violet gamut is visualized by them as gray-black. The achromatic spectrum for such people is from 565 to 575 nm.

Complete color blindness

0.01% of the population is diagnosed with complete non-perception of the color spectrum. Such people are called monochromats. They distinguish only black and white colors, respectively, they see all objects as gray with different color intensity.

They have impaired adaptation to changing colors in the case of photopic illumination. Since the organs of vision of patients are instantly blinded, in bright light they also do not see the shape of objects, which ultimately leads to severe photophobia.

Such people wear glasses with sunglasses in any light during the day. In their retina, ophthalmologists, as a rule, do not fix a single defect.

Rod apparatus disorders

In the case of the development of defects in the rod apparatus in patients, the function of getting used to twilight lighting decreases. This phenomenon is called nyctalopia, and it develops against the background of vitamin A deficiency. It is this vitamin that is the basis for the production of retinal.

Diagnosis of color vision disorders

Any color vision anomalies are transmitted as a trait for which the X chromosome is responsible. In this regard, men are more susceptible to the development of pathologies.

So, the prevalence of protanomaly among males is about 0.9%, deuteranopia - 1-1.5%, deuteranomaly - 3.5-4.5% (in women - no more than 0.3%), protanopia - 1% (for women - about 0.5%).

Anomalies such as tritanomaly, tritanopia are extremely rare.

No, we won't come, Lena's head hurts again. You are already there somehow without us ... Happy New Year!

Oh, Ro-o-o-mochka, Roma-a-ashechka, how is it so-a-ak? Well, come-and-in if she can't, - Lyuska, the wife of Volodka's friend, beggingly pulled vowels.

He marked it as "she". The wives of friends did not like Lena. She was very different from them, with their endless idle chatter and whispering. Silent, not interested in gossip ... Yes, and Romka's friends, ask them, they would say one thing about her: "Well, nothing like that." And what about a person who is constantly silent and hovering somewhere in the clouds? Yes, and not especially beautiful ... And with glasses ... Well, if Chamomile likes it ...

And he was madly in love with her. It happens like this: it seems like an ordinary person, unremarkable in appearance, but love will cover him with his head, and that's it! No one else is needed! And it's interesting: you like, say, lush blondes or thin brunettes, and you pay attention only to them. And suddenly she! She is totally different! Not your type! Not the kind you like! And her face, and hair color, and her figure are not what you like! And women with glasses never attracted you, but here ... Once - and fell in love! But how!

She became the meaning of his life. In the evening I flew to meet her in the library where she worked. Bought flowers and her favorite peaches. Spent all weekends at home. He caressed her, kissed her, looked into her eyes for a long time ...

What color were they? He couldn't tell. From birth he had a color anomaly. He did not distinguish shades. Blue, blue, turquoise, gray, green - he saw everything the same way and pestered Lena to tell her what she really was. She laughed and answered differently each time. Still, he found out that they were gray, and since then he considered gray eyes the most beautiful.

He dreamed of a daughter, a gray-eyed princess, but there was trouble. Lena suffered from a serious kidney disease, and the doctors forbade her to give birth. Well, Romka agreed to remain without children, if only with Lena. But she felt guilty. Therefore, she refused to register the marriage - she did not want to tie his hands. She knew that someday she would have to let her beloved go to another who could give him a child.

Roman shuddered at the sudden flood of phone calls. Hastily grabbed the phone.

Romaha, what are you doing there? Well, come quickly to us! - Volodya, it seems, has already decently typed.

Yes, Lena is sick ...

She's always sick, damn it! Let him get sick, - then Volodya felt that he had froze something wrong, - ahem ... in the sense - let him lie down, come to his senses, but why should you stay alone?

Romka himself did not smile at meeting the best holiday of the year alone. It's always the wrong time! But he immediately pulled himself up: it was not her fault. The migraine began suddenly, and his beloved lay motionless for two days, groaning softly in pain. Doctors were powerless, medicines did not help. On such days, Romka was harassed as if he was ill himself - he was worried, he did not eat. He felt sorry for Lena and treated her like a fragile snowdrop. But today, after all, the New Year ... well, nothing, watch TV, drink, eat, fortunately, Lena managed to prepare salads, and fried the chicken.

Volodka did not lag behind: Roma heard Lyuska nearby telling him something.
At that moment, Lena's faint voice was heard. Romka hung up and walked over to the bed.

What, honey, what are you talking about?

Roma, go, that you will sit alone! Take salads, I made them for everyone.

And how are you?

Nothing, I'll sleep...

Well, honey, if anything - call right away, I'll come running, right next to me.

He put the salads in plastic containers, grabbed a bottle of cognac, called Volodya so that they would not start without him. A friend answered with a joyful cackle: Romka has always been the soul of the company.

He did not know that after his call, four pairs of eyes looked triumphantly at each other, that someone's hands straightened the master's bed and spread a thick terry towel over the sheet ...

Volodya's house greeted Romka with music, delicious smells and bursts of laughter. Friends cheerfully greeted him: after meeting Lena, he rarely visited their once inseparable company. He was seated at the table between the owner and a pretty plump girl. It turned out that this was Lyuskin's younger sister Sonechka. Roma remembered that he had already seen her once upon a time, but then he was with Lena, and the fat Sonechka did not attract his attention.

Romka began courting Sonechka, placing snacks on her plate, while her mother, Volodya's mother-in-law, smiled tenderly at him across the table. Volodka wasted no time in pouring more and more alcohol on Romka. And, of course, I didn't forget about myself either.

With each glass, Roma liked Sonechka more and more. Pretty face, plump, appetizing. When he led her to dance, her body seemed to burn through the thin silk of her dress. Her head was spinning from the stupefying aroma of her perfume. She drew Romka into another room and greedily dug her lips into his mouth.

Romka did not even think of resisting. He felt only a mad desire to possess her. Hands squeezed a strong chest, lips scoured the neck, the heart pounded loudly. He took off his clothes. Sonechka undressed herself. The two collapsed onto the bed...

What he did not expect was that Sonya would turn out to be a virgin. Several attempts were unsuccessful. Sonechka cried out in pain, but Romka did not let go, stroking her back with her palms. Finally, it worked. He moved carefully, and though his head was hazy, he tried not to miss the right moment. Sonechka pressed him to her and covered him with quick kisses. He didn't remember falling asleep.

I woke up from the fact that Sonya was kissing, slightly biting, his neck and shoulders. He shook it off him and got up. Embarrassedly, he found his underpants among the clothes on the floor and hastily pulled them on. Voices and the clatter of crockery could be heard from the living room. Sunny looked puzzled.

Honey, what are you? She leaned towards him again.

Listen, uh ... Sonya, - he frowned at her and immediately averted his gaze from the luxurious bare chest, - forgive me, please, I was drunk, I didn’t understand what I was doing ...

Nothing, Romochka, I love you ...

Sonya, I'm married, actually...

She is not your wife! You are not registered! - Sonechka demonstrated complete awareness of Romka's personal life.

Wife. I only need her. I'm sorry, I don't know how to make amends... You get dressed...

He went out into the corridor. Cats scratched my heart. Volodya appeared from the room.

Ah, Roma! Happy New Year with a new happiness! Where is Sonya? Did you leave her alone?

Wow, it didn't work out so well... I don't know what to do...

Don't worry, let's go have a drink, talk, - he pushed his friend into the room where Lyuska and her mother were sitting at the table. The rest of the guests, apparently, have already dispersed.

Romka, not knowing where to go, sat down and drank a glass of cognac in one gulp.

The color rushed into his face.

I'm sorry, I don't know how it happened... I don't know... Maybe... money? - he himself was disgusted with his words.

Do not exaggerate, she will be eighteen only in a month. So, so, - she drove the words into Romkin's head like a hammer, - Or. We. We play. wedding. Or. We serve. Statement. About rape. Minor. We are all witnesses. Clear?

Roman was clear. From somewhere inside, a frightening feeling of inevitable misfortune rose up .... He clapped his pockets: he really wanted to smoke. Volodya jumped up and led him to the landing. There, puffing on a cigarette, he tried to calm Romka, who at times groaned through his teeth in despair.

Romash, what are you doing? Everything will be normal. The girl is great! The wife will be what you need, the kids will give birth to you ...

You... How could you? - Romka's hands were trembling, and the extinct cigarette did not light up in any way.

What about me? I'm nothing! Well, these women are such a people, as soon as they get something into their heads, they will not back down. Mother-in-law and Lyuska have looked after you for a long time: kind, they say, polite, there is a hut ... Well, you are among us, like an angel! - Volodya chuckled and coughed from the smoke that got into his throat.

But I have Lena! I love her!

Hey, what's your Lena? Why do you need someone who can't give birth? Every person needs an heir. Or an heiress. Here are my backbiters now with their parents, so you know how much I miss you? Well, live another five years, well, ten. So what? Will you have children under forty? And then look, what a girl! Wai wai! Peach! And we will become brothers!

What if I refuse?

Volodya grew serious.

Then they will write a statement, be calm. And they will make me sign. And this, you yourself understand what threatens ... Yes, don't worry! Everything will be fine! Thank you again for making your life better!

He walked towards the north wind, and the tears that rolled down his cheeks froze in transparent drops, and his wet eyelashes were covered with an ice crust.

Lena met him in the hallway. The attack had passed, she looked fresh and happy.

Happy New Year, Romik! She hugged him and he smelled the familiar scent of her hair. - I have a surprise for you!

Wait, honey, - he gently pushed her away, - I have to tell you something ...

He spoke nervously and confusedly, and Lena, wrapped in a shawl, turned into a stone statue. When the story was over, both were silent for a long time.

Dear, how can I be? - he buried himself in her knees, - if I do not fulfill their condition, they will put me in jail! For a long time…

Yes ... I understand ... Well, do as they want, - Lena stroked his head, restraining herself so as not to burst into tears.

But I can't do that! But what about you? They... They said she had to move here in three days.

Okay, I'll pack my things and leave... Don't be upset... Do you like her?

Well ... she is so nothing ... But why do I need her? Sun! I love you! Lenochka! It won't be long, trust me! I know their apartment attracted. I won't sleep with her, I won't talk to her, and after a while I'll get a divorce. And we will be together again! You just have to wait a few months. Do you believe me?

I believe, - she smiled sadly.

Let's hurry up, a ticket for two, we're already late, - Sonechka ran ahead on high stilettos through the porridge of melting snow - this year's winter turned out to be unusually warm.

Romka could hardly keep up with her with her daughter in her arms.

Somehow imperceptibly passed five years after the wedding. Romka first set out to plague Sonechka with his inaccessibility: not to communicate with her, not to have sex, to leave home more often. But it didn't.

She met him every day after work with such joy, cooked so deliciously, took care of him so much that he did not want to respond with black ingratitude. Yes, and in bed she was groovy and tireless. She freed him from all household chores that Lena could not do due to poor health. He now had only two things to do: earn money and love his wife. And it cannot be said that he did not like the new carefree life.

At first, he tried to meet Lena, but she disappeared. Her phone was silent, and other people lived in their apartment with their parents. He never could find her. Of course, you could ask colleagues in the library where she immediately quit. You could talk to the neighbors - suddenly someone knows something. In the end, try to search through the Internet. But something always got in the way.

Gradually, her image began to fade in his memory. At the recollection of a former beloved, only a feeling of some kind of warmth appeared, as if touching a window sill heated by the sun. He thought about her less and less...

A year after the wedding, a daughter was born. Romka was beside himself with happiness. He wanted to name the girl Lena, but did not dare. But he argued with his relatives to the point of hoarseness, demanding that the name Nelly be chosen. He argued that the name is rare, beautiful, unusual. He even hesitantly banged his fist on the table, which frightened everyone immensely. No one has ever seen a calm, cheerful, good-natured Chamomile like this. He won: the daughter was named Nelly.

It was their secret. Lena, when she was little, confused syllables and instead of "Lena" said "Nela". Therefore, grandfather often called her Nelechka, even when she became an adult. And for Romka, this name was a reminder of love, which ended so suddenly and hard.

When, at the age of four, the girl began to be placed in a kindergarten and undergo a medical examination, it was discovered that she had a color vision anomaly, which was transmitted from her father. And now they were in a hurry to see a specialist at the Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology.

Running up to the study, Sonechka pulled off her daughter's jacket and hat, took off her overcoat and thrust the clothes into Romka's hands. The voice of the nurse invited the next. Sonechka and Nelly went into the office, saying something to her husband. Something like "Wait for us here."

But Roman did not hear. He looked wide-eyed at the previous visitors who had left the doctor's office. It was Nina Grigorievna, Lena's mother. He immediately recognized her, although over the past years she had changed a lot: she had grown old, turned gray and seemed to have become shorter.

Nina Grigorievna led the little boy by the hand. Roman's heart skipped a beat. He seemed to be looking at his childhood photograph: the eyes, nose, lips, even the curling hair at the ends were his! Without looking, he threw a pile of clothes on an armchair and rushed towards the woman with the child. Nina Grigorievna also recognized him.

Hello, Roma, - dryly answered the greeting.

And he squatted down in front of the boy, who looked at him with curiosity.

Hello! What is your name? He held out his hand to the child.

Laman! - the boy smiled trustingly and shook her with his small palm.

Romka wanted to grab him, hug him tightly, kiss him on the top of his head... But he was afraid to scare the baby. Without releasing his hand, he said in a trembling voice:

And I'm Roman. And how old are you?

Here! - he pulled the pen out of the man's hand and showed an open palm with one bent finger, - four and another half! How long will I go to school?

It’s too early for you to go to school, until you learn to pronounce the “r” - you won’t go, - the grandmother spoke to her grandson sternly and tiredly.

They found some kind of anomaly, he can’t distinguish colors, here’s some more news, ”she turned to Romka,“ what should we do with this now?

Where is your mom? - Romka for some reason suddenly began to choke - your mother's name is Lena, right?

The boy looked inquiringly at his grandmother.

Lena is dead. She died in childbirth, - Nina Grigoryevna said calmly, casually, - Come on, Roma, get dressed.

She dressed the child, dressed herself, and Romka still stood there, as if knocked down, unable to move, as if the terrible news had crushed him under a tombstone.

Now they have already gone along the corridor to the exit ... He rushed after them: to find out the address, but at that time Sonechka and her daughter came out of the office. The wife chattered about the doctor's recommendations, and Romka thought whether to say it or not. Didn't decide. Another scandal will suit. Later, when he finds out everything.

All the way back he was silent and thoughtful. Tomorrow he will come here alone and ask the doctor for his son's address. At least, from which polyclinic it is directed. And there he will find.

He will visit him, buy toys, give money to Nina Grigorievna ... He will take them with his daughter to the zoo, play with them on the playground ... And then ... Then, probably, you should generally take the boy into your family, the grandmother is already elderly, it is difficult for her bring up.

Sonya, of course, will be against it. But he insists, he's a man. This is his son! He must be with him! He drew in his mind rosy pictures of their common future, but deep down he felt, no, he knew for sure that none of this would happen. He will not look for his son. He will always procrastinate. Important matters and small problems will always interfere with him, and gradually a boy who looks so much like him will also become only a distant warm memory ...