How to overcome depression. Depressed mental state Causes of endogenous depression and risk factors

Many people know firsthand what a depressed state is and how depressing it is. To get out of it, you need to understand why it arose. Only by eliminating the factors that cause it, you can again enjoy life.

What is a depressed state?

When a person loses interest in the world around him, feels a breakdown, mental balance disappears, we can say that he was “captured” by an oppressed state. He does not want to go to work, meet friends, he is not fond of anything, stressful situations are unsettling.

Such apathy arises due to certain reasons:

Some people do not admit their problems for a long time, and therefore do not solve them. Over time, internal discomfort and a decadent state grows, and it is much more difficult to get rid of it. A person begins to "jam" his anxiety or drown it out with other bad habits. But they bring temporary relief, so it is important to recognize the problem and find the "root of evil".

What is the danger of such a state?

When the emotional burden becomes unbearable, it pumps hopelessness. This blocks the activity of a person and leads to apathy and depression. He "drowns" in his inaction and life ceases to please him. This dangerously depressed and oppressed mental state.

When a person lives by inertia, without setting goals for himself, it is unlikely that he will be able to achieve any results. He ceases to dream, he does not need anything, it becomes indifferent to what used to cause sincere joy.

This leads to severe prolonged depression, with which a person is unable to cope on his own.

Dropping the load

That's where all the problems start. When the burden of unresolved issues becomes unbearable, it must be disposed of. A swarm of unhappy thoughts leads to an anxious state and uncertainty, provokes an emotional disorder.

We believe in good!

A pessimistic forecast, as a rule, appears due to the fact that a person concentrates too much on something bad, losing sight of all the good that happens to him.

An imaginary anxiety can disturb a person even more than a real one, because he winds himself up and cherishes his experiences.

When there are many such predictions, this condition occurs over time. A person does not look for ways to solve problems and justifies himself by the fact that nothing will work anyway. He shifts responsibility for his life to those around him or fate, blaming random coincidences for all adversity.

I wanted, I wanted, I aspired, but I did not achieve - state of frustration, I can not reach the goal - the problem is - depressed state of mind

When a person does not achieve any goal, even the smallest one, he develops a depressed, oppressed, depressive psychological state - frustration.

Greetings, dear readers of the blog of psychoanalyst Oleg Matveev, I wish you mental health.
Rubric: Providing self-help

Suppressed oppressed and depressive state of frustration due to unachieved goals

Every day people set goals and tasks for themselves, but it is not always possible to achieve or implement them. The reason for this may be various obstacles that arise on the way to achieving the goal - there is no resource state.

Depending on the significance of the goal being achieved for a person, his attitude towards it and the obstacles themselves, many people experience state of frustration, i.e. mental experiences of a different nature in connection with an unachieved goal - depression, depression, loss of strength (see negative human emotions - overcoming discharge)

When oppression strikes, people feel trapped, cutting them off from their familiar environment, thus preventing them from responding appropriately to it and interacting with other people. Characteristic complaints for people in this state are loss of joy in life, sadness, guilt and worthlessness. They experience - loss of energy and interest, sleep disturbance, loss of appetite and weight, impaired sense of time, no desire to communicate with other people, as a result of which intra-family relationships are destroyed, as well as personal and social ties, as a rule, fail, so how a person feels insecure in all areas of life, and sometimes not able to get out of his confinement, or this is given to him through very great efforts on himself, which depends on the degree of the state of depression.

Since there are written sources, there are indications that people have suffered from depression at all times. Back in the 8th century BC, Homer described depressive suffering in The Iliad. He told how Bellerophon wandered aimlessly and groaned in anguish and despair:

He wandered around the Aleisky field, lonely,

The heart is gnawing at itself, running away from the traces of a person ....

The so-called notes of Hippocrates say that if fear and sadness last for a long time, one can speak of a melancholic state. The ancient Greeks called mental pain "melancholy" that is, black bile, in the Middle Ages its name was Acedia and was understood as lethargy and laziness, with the advent of natural science medicine in the 19th century, the term depression began to strengthen and was understood as oppression. The changes that occur in a state of melancholia or depression are basically comparable, and it is certain that the depressive experience has always existed.

Let's talk about some aspects accompanying the state of depression. And let's start with sadness.

Many people know the feeling of sadness. Not everyone understands the deep, lasting, disabling sadness of a person. Depressed state, when he feels like a "surviving lemon", and tears - healing in ordinary sadness - dry before his eyes before they can be shed. The onset of depression and its companion sadness can be for various reasons: the loss of a significant person, possession or status, in the way we give meaning to our concepts, feelings, ideals and circumstances, in a feeling of lack or loss of positive emotions, such as love, self-esteem and a sense of satisfaction, in feelings of deprivation, pessimism and self-criticism. While sadness is a normal and healthy response to any setback and is common, sadness that does not lessen over time is pathological. People who experience normal sadness are usually able to talk about it, know why they are sad, and yet have hope that the sadness will dissipate. Depression occurs when normal exchanges are absent or significantly weakened.

Sadness is immediately followed by "loss of joy", "inability to enjoy", "lack of pleasure". Depressed people develop an inability to enjoy. This, as a rule, is reflected in their relationships primarily with relatives, hobbies become boring, the perception of art and music that they previously enjoyed loses its attractiveness, the world of nature and sounds loses its diversity. This causes them anxiety, they know that the joy is gone, but they cannot understand where and how to bring it back, the fact that a person does not find pleasure in things or people leads him or her to emotional alienation from activities and people who would normally would encourage her. The deep sense of isolation that comes with depression usually makes communication difficult and becomes a burden. In the case of severe depression, a person is consumed by feelings of guilt and worthlessness: “I am worthless”, “the world is meaningless”, “the future is hopeless”. Minor transgressions and omissions can be blown up into enormous breaches of moral standards, that is, when depressed, our ordinary feelings of doubt become exaggerated.

Self-esteem also suffers when depressed. Self-esteem is the degree to which a person feels valued, worthy, and competent. Low self-esteem, most often accompanied by feelings - unhappiness, anger, feelings of threat, fatigue, withdrawal, tension, frustration, a sense of compulsion, conflict and inhibition. There is a strong relationship between parental warmth, acceptance, respect, and a well-defined set of limits and positive self-esteem in children. We can say that people with high self-esteem keep loving parents in themselves, and people with low self-esteem keep unloving ones. People who have low self-esteem or that of others tend to feel immediately helpless or hopeless in the face of loss.

When a person begins to slip, getting stuck in a state of inexhaustible sadness, sadness, lack of joy in life, loss of interest, of course, a warm atmosphere of understanding and support in the family is of great help, but also important and necessary is the professional help of a psychotherapist who will help find the lost that is joy.

Depression as a rhythm disturbance

From studies in the field of depression, it is known that its characteristic features are that mental, speech activity, as well as the ability of a person to act in a state of depression, become inhibited. But it has also been found that in a state of depression, the rhythm of sleep also changes.

It is known that in the state of sleep there are two types of its activation, which are fundamentally different from each other. One of them is "slow-wave sleep", which, in contrast to the state of wakefulness, does not show any patterns of rapid arousal, and, depending on the depth of sleep, is characterized by more or less slow waves on the EEG. The second type of sleep is the so-called "paradoxical dream", which, according to the picture of the biocurrents of the brain, is close to the state of wakefulness, although the sleeper did not wake up and did not change his posture. Previously, this phase of sleep, also called the REM phase, was attributed to dreams.

EEG recordings made during depression show a reduction in the period of "slow sleep", and especially its deep phase, and in parallel there are a large number of wakefulness intervals. These findings reflect, in the language of electroencephalography, the exact sensation of depressive patients of superficial, intermittent sleep. Even more revealing are the changes in REM sleep. On the one hand, this type of sleep, which is close to the state of wakefulness, occurs more often in people who are in a state of depression. However, it is distributed over time differently than in healthy people. The first phase of REM sleep usually occurs approximately 70-110 minutes after falling asleep. In people who are in a state of depression, this time is sharply reduced and ranges from 20 to 60 minutes. This phenomenon is so common that it actually serves as a reliable indicator of depression. On the contrary, this phenomenon does not occur in people who, while not in a state of depression, suffer from insomnia or only for a short time show shallow depressive mood changes.

And so, as a result of studies conducted using an electroencephalogram, it was found that a healthy person sleeps deeply at the beginning of the night, and REM sleep appears no earlier than an hour and a half later. And the predominant part of REM sleep occurs in the second half of the night, when sleep becomes more superficial. In a depressed person, on the contrary, REM sleep occurs within half an hour after falling asleep and lasts for a long time. Deep sleep is absent for most of the night. Hormonal secretion in a depressed person is significantly altered: the increase in cortisol secretion in depression is earlier than in a healthy person, while growth hormone, which in a healthy person is secreted mainly at the beginning of the night, is sharply reduced. In conclusion, it can be noted that, undoubtedly, rhythm disturbances remain one of the main biological signs of people who are in a state of depression. Due to the lack of deep sleep, the load on the body as a whole increases, since a person who is in a depressed state is forced to stay awake longer, and thus gets out of the usual rhythm of life. Such an unbearable load, in people in a state of depression, leads to an increased release of the stress hormone cortisol.

Svetlana Fomina

There is hardly anything worse than depression. Depressed mood, decline in vitality, hopeless pessimism, lack of desire to do anything and show at least some interest in existence ... This and much more accompanies this mental disorder. When a person plunges into such a state of mind, he becomes helpless, indifferent and "empty". Some people manage to do it alone, while others don't. But in any case, you need to know how to overcome depression and depression.

First stage

When depression is just beginning, a person refuses to be aware of this fact. He believes that he simply does not have the mood, fatigue at work or study, weather changes affect. In the first stage, the initial symptoms are accompanied by pronounced apathy, increased fatigue and lack of desire to do anything. Often there is a lack of appetite, problems with falling asleep, as well as irritability and nervousness. Despite being tired, a person cannot fall asleep even if he takes sleeping pills.

In addition, there is a deterioration in concentration, a decrease in efficiency, the disappearance of interest in former hobbies and hobbies. A mountain of cases begins to pile up that were previously managed to be solved long before the deadline. It's getting harder and harder to finish what you started. And this is not just a depressed mood and a lethargic state. This is how the initial stage of depression manifests itself, which subsequently develops more and more intensively.

Deterioration

If a person has ignored how the mood changes and, in general, his regimen, the restructuring of the body begins. the production of serotonin, which is commonly called the hormone of happiness, stops. He does not eat at all, or consumes some minimum to “fill up” his stomach. Immunity is reduced, and chronic diseases are exacerbated. The body fights "with itself", but it fails.

Prolonged insomnia sets in. A person ceases to think adequately and logically, he does not keep his behavior and emotions under control. It's like he's in another world where he doesn't care. To outsiders, it seems strange, and as if cut off from the real world. In especially severe cases, his condition is accompanied by auditory and visual hallucinations. It is at this stage, conditionally designated the second, that more than 80% of attempts to commit suicide fall. In the best cases, such people simply "close" in themselves, locking themselves up where no one will touch them, and immersing themselves in philosophizing.

Loss of the meaning of life

This is the last stage of depression. A person not only has no mood - he has no desire to live. His body still retains vital functions, but it is already working offline. But in the mental sphere, pathological processes begin to occur.

At best, a person will remain indifferent and detached from the world. And at worst, animal aggression will wake up in him. Such people are capable of harming themselves and others. Because they cease to perceive this world as something valuable, and cease to identify themselves with a Man, with a Personality. Of the consequences, memory loss, schizophrenia, and depressive psychosis are also possible. This is what a long-term depressed mood is transformed into. That is why it is so important to catch on even at the first stage, and either ask for help or get on your feet on your own.

Why is the blues coming?

Depression, depression and despondency always have prerequisites. Sometimes they are even combined into a complex. The reason may be a lack of vitamin D and the sun.

Even according to statistics, depression develops most often in the fall, when daylight hours are reduced. The sun is getting smaller, and it is he who stimulates the production of vital vitamin D in the body.

Health problems also often affect the psychosomatic state of a person. There is a depressed mood during pregnancy, menopause, problems with the thyroid gland, etc.

Often the prerequisite is overwork or exhaustion of the body. Constant work, busy schedule, eternal employment with problems - it is logical that the body begins to mope. But such cases are treated very simply. You just need to take a vacation and let yourself relax.

And the last popular reason is the lack of physical activity. If it is not, then endorphin stops being produced. But it is he who is the hormone of joy. By adding a jog or a couple of hours in the gym for a week to your regimen, you can see how your condition improves. Both physical and psychosomatic.

What to do?

First, don't give up and don't give up. If this is the first stage, then everything can be fixed. The main thing is to act immediately.

If a person began to notice a bad mood in the morning, which only gets worse during the day, you need to bring more movement into your life. Physical work brings satisfaction. Even cleaning the house will help streamline your feelings and thoughts. But lying on the couch only worsens the condition.

You also need to start constantly pleasing yourself with your favorite things. It can be anything - shopping, gatherings with friends, ordering a whole mountain of delicious food at home, going on vacation, dancing, drawing, riding a swing. You just need to forget about all the worries, your age and responsibilities, and do what you want.

Relaxation is also important. Foamy hot bath, aromatherapy, music caressing the ear, and after delicious coffee, and reading an interesting book, sitting in an easy chair under a blanket - sounds like an introvert's paradise. If a person is overtaken by the blues, then silence and such a utopian comfort will help him relax and unwind a little.

Finding an exit

Of course, there are people who do not leave blues, depression and despondency only after signing up for the gym and a couple of days off. In more severe cases, you need to act more radically.

A change of scenery can help. When a person is depressed, the same ceiling with walls that appears in the morning before his eyes every day is incredibly depressing. You need to leave, and preferably closer to nature. She heals. The sounds of falling water, a babbling stream, the singing of birds, the rustling of leaves, the rustle of grass - this has a therapeutic effect and helps to reduce the level of stress hormones, as well as normalize blood pressure. This atmosphere is healing. For a person under arrest in a noisy stone jungle, it is simply necessary.

In addition, it is impossible not to mention the qualitative difference between fresh natural air and stale air that reigns in the premises. Like it or not, but in most cities it is spoiled by gases and harmful emissions. Even ventilation won't help. Whether it's forest or sea air.

And, of course, bioenergy. The city “presses” on all people and devastates them. What is it like to be in the center of the bustle of a depressed person who has been overcome by depression? You can feel pure bioenergy only by coming into contact with nature. Meet the sunset, lie down on the grass, walk barefoot on the sand, swim in a crystal clear pond ... they say, this way you can get rid of static electricity. Be that as it may, in the bosom of nature, a person rather quickly leaves the state of despondency, and begins to feel the taste of life again.

Help from a specialist

Sometimes, it is necessary. Constantly bad mood due to all of the above is one thing. But the reality is known even much more serious cases. Those in which it is really impossible to do without antidepressants, therapy and talking with a doctor.

This refers to a psychological disorder provoked by something that destroyed a person's life in an instant. It could be anything. Death of a loved one. Loss of all accumulated wealth. Betrayal or betrayal. The destruction of all plans, hopes and dreams without exception. Sudden changes. At such moments, one can really understand a person who loses the desire to exist in this world. Because her very purpose, the reason for which he woke up in the morning, is leaving his life. The person loses himself. And this is something that even the enemy does not want to wish.

Treatment

It starts with psychotherapy. To which a person suffering from depression and a chronically depressed state comes with difficulty. People resist for various reasons. Most often because they consider going to a psychotherapist to be a “edge”, or they don’t want to be considered crazy, or they “dig” in their head. In such cases, the support of loved ones and motivation on their part is very important. It is extremely rare for people to go to a psychotherapist on their own. Most often, they are convinced by relatives, and in especially difficult cases, they even organize sessions by force.

Psychotherapy implies a therapeutic effect through the psyche on the human body. The doctor helps the patient get rid of social, individual and emotional problems, first establishing a deep personal contact with him through conversation. Often accompanied by cognitive, behavioral and other techniques.

Medical assistance

Medicines are also prescribed. Depressed mood, the causes of which are also determined by the doctor, is treated with antidepressants.

These are psychotropic drugs that normalize the level of neurotransmitters (such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin). After taking them, a person’s mood and appetite improve, longing, anxiety, insomnia and apathy disappear, mental activity increases. And he's on the mend.

Release of emotions

A person who is constantly accompanied by a spoiled mood rarely wants to communicate with someone. More often he is overcome by a desire to close himself from the outside world and worry. The main thing is that no one climbed into the soul. A lot of people feel like they can't be understood. Someone is afraid of selfishness - to open the soul, and in response to get a spit.

Well, it often happens that way. But the release of emotions is necessary. The methods by which it can be carried out are extremely simple. Someone is trying to find sympathy on the Internet, under the guise of an anonymous person. Others take a notebook and begin to splash out their experiences on the sheets. And that makes it easier. It's better than texting someone. No need to formulate words - it is enough to state what reigns in the head and soul. Often, in the process of maintaining such a kind of diary, good, correct thoughts come. Sometimes it is possible to find out the exact cause of one's own, or an idea is born on its own regarding how to deal with it.

Set goals and go for them

Here's how you can "drive" a depressed mood. What should a person do if depression has completely swallowed him up? You need to push off the bottom. No matter how difficult it is. All psychologists recommend this method. You need to set a goal for yourself. It may be insignificant. A person who has locked himself at home, for example, needs to force himself to go outside every day for at least 15 minutes. This is real. Choosing a goal, you need to focus on your own resources. After its implementation, you must definitely reward yourself, at least with praise for a new achievement.

It is also recommended to find comrades in misfortune - those who also suffer from depression. If relatives and friends do not understand a person, then such people will definitely be able to find support. Because they know what he's going through. The meeting of "soulmates" will help reduce the feeling of isolation, find understanding and even advice.

Finding Joy

Finally, I would like to note one more effective recommendation. Many experts advise depressed people to find a new meaning in life. Something that makes you want to wake up. The best option is to have a pet.

Even medicine confirms the importance of animals in restoring the well-being and emotional state of a person. There are official statistics confirming that people who have a pet are 30% less likely to seek medical help. Animals are great companions that bring joy.

In addition, starting to take care of a pretty living being, a person will increase the energy of compassion, feel spiritual warmth. After all, there is so much unconditional love in animals that it simply cannot but be transmitted.

Even if sex has ceased to interest you.

If you can't sleep, sleep too much or wake up too early.

If, along with feeling overwhelmed, you find it difficult to focus on something, remember something, or make decisions.

If, against the background of a depressed mood, you began to drink alcohol more than usual.

If you feel like screaming or crying in despair.

What do your symptoms say

Sometimes a person gets bored. It can be the pain of losing a loved one or loved one who occupied an important place in your life, big personal troubles such as divorce or job loss. The development of depression in such cases (even if it lasts for several months) is a completely natural reaction.

Under the influence of low self-esteem and a predisposition to stress, a person can also become depressed. Scientists have found that people with severe depression have an imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain.

Therapeutic effects to alleviate and eliminate symptoms

Regardless of the cause of depression, there are many effective ways to reduce blues.

Postpone guilt for the future. If your depression is associated with ideas about your wrong actions, then self-flagellation will not help the cause, it is important to do something. Guilt really comes from mistakes. But pathological guilt or shame looks different - when a person considers himself "wrong".

Light your way with everyday activities. Try to adjust your sleep schedule, give up daytime sleep. In this way, it will be easier for you to regulate the full cycle of sleep and distribute your time. You will be able to do more. This will boost your self-esteem and make you feel better. If you have too much to do, don't take on everything. Give up something, otherwise you risk exposing yourself to a lot of stress.

Skip your morning snacks and coffee. A cup of coffee with sugar can double depression. Many people who eliminate these foods from their diet report noticeable changes in their condition after four to five days.

Save the booze for others. Periods of low mood are a very convenient time to give up alcohol. Despite its short-term numbing effect on the emotional state, it is a powerful tool for increasing depression.

Get rid of depression with exercise. Many people note the antidepressant effects of exercise. Do them regularly to the extent that your physical condition allows you.

Cut down on TV viewing. This is a deceptive business. It is closely related to depression. One of the primary symptoms of depression is apathy, loss of zest for life and lack of energy. TV addiction makes it very difficult for some people to overcome depression.

Quit smoking. Smoking is another habit that is closely linked to depression. But if your degree of depression is high enough, then you will need more help in quitting such a habit. You can seek professional help. It will take a lot of tries, so don't give up!

Watch your actions. You shouldn't make big decisions when you're depressed. The decision to change jobs, marry or divorce should be seriously considered only after the depression has disappeared. It will take a lot of time to normalize the condition, so you should not impose increased requirements on yourself.

Try aromatherapy. Research indicates that there is a direct and powerful link between the perception of smells and emotions. Even mentally imagining a smell can cause brain waves to change, according to scientists at the Smell and Taste Healing Research Foundation in Chicago. The scent of jasmine, for example, can really lift a depressed person's energy. Put some jasmine oil on your hand or forearm and just sniff it when you feel down.

When depression gets worse

Have you tried all means, and still longing does not leave you? If it is not possible to budge depression, then you can try some more opportunities to alleviate the condition. Your doctor will help you decide which of the approaches below is best for you.

Review your medications. Some prescription medications, including blood pressure medications, antihistamines, and steroid medications for asthma, can trigger depression. The appearance of depressive symptoms may also be associated with an increase or decrease in the functions of certain endocrine glands. This applies in particular to the thyroid gland. Talk to your doctor about possible complications from your medications.

Consider consulting a specialist. An experienced psychotherapist who inspires confidence in you can examine your problems very subtly. An interpersonal relationship specialist can identify the causes that make your depression worse. A behavior therapist can help you change the negative beliefs and behaviors that accompany depression.

Try drugs that affect the biochemistry of the brain. Your doctor may prescribe antidepressants for you. These agents have been used in clinical practice for a long time. When they are used, there is no drug dependence. Traditionally, two types of drugs are distinguished in the group of antidepressants: tricyclic drugs and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. You can ask your doctor about fluoxetine and bupropion. These two antidepressant drugs usually do not show side effects that are characteristic of traditional drugs.

Increase your intake of B vitamins. Recent studies show that by increasing the content of B vitamins - thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin B6 in the body in older people, better results are achieved with tricyclic antidepressant treatment. Just like all drugs prescribed to you, vitamins should be taken only after consulting a doctor. Vitamin B6 can cause toxic effects when consumed in large quantities.

What provokes a depressive, depressed emotional state?

What is a depressed state?

Such apathy arises due to certain reasons:

a large number of unresolved problems;
a bleak outlook for the future;
unfulfilled dreams;
chronic fatigue, overexertion;
constant feeling of guilt;
anger, envy;
loss of goals;
self-acceptance, low self-esteem;
"black line;
lack of confidence in the correctness of their life path;
disappointment;
fear of doing things;
value conflict.

What is the danger of such a state?

This leads to severe prolonged depression, with which a person is unable to cope on his own.

Dropping the load

To drop the load, you have to make an effort and spend a little time. Take a piece of paper and a pen and write whatever comes to mind. Keep writing until the thoughts run out. Do not analyze your feelings, just "splash" them on paper. This will help you understand exactly what problems are bothering you. So you get rid of the feeling of uncertainty.

Break down all unresolved issues into bullet points and think about what you can do to find a solution.

Once you have determined which direction you want to go, make a plan. Orderliness is very calming and empowering.

We believe in good!

A pessimistic forecast, as a rule, appears due to the fact that a person concentrates too much on something bad, losing sight of all the good that happens to him.

An imaginary anxiety can disturb a person even more than a real one, because he winds himself up and cherishes his experiences.

Is there a way out?

Of course. If you realize that you are in a depressed emotional state, then you need to urgently get out of it. First of all, look at the situation from the outside, objectively. You will immediately notice that there are positive aspects too.

What to do when depressed? Determine what factors influence the fact that the future looks so tragic to you. Work through them in turn, look for several exits and choose the one that is closer to you. Create reinforcers, manage your condition. Then you will turn from a victim of circumstances into a helmsman, and this greatly stimulates the awakening of activity.

As soon as anxiety appears, immediately analyze why it appeared. To numb anxiety, dress each negative factor with 10 benefits that it can provide if you “play” with the situation. All negative feelings must be immediately neutralized so that they do not lead to depression.

The subconscious of each person has unlimited potential, the main thing is not to lose faith in yourself.

As soon as a plan is made, a sense of power over one's life will immediately appear and a depressed, oppressed and decadent state will recede.

Depressed state

Daily stressful situations, lack of sleep, vitamins and sunlight can provoke the appearance of a depressed psychological state in every person, regardless of age.

Types of depressed mental state

Emotional. Do not blame a person for not showing their emotions in the slightest. After all, it is possible that now in life he is experiencing emotional depression. The nature of this state is hidden even in childhood. There is a category of parents who tell their baby every day: “Why are you crying? Who do you look like now? Why these emotions? As a result, the absence of emotional manifestations is considered the norm.
Interior. Instantly the ability to enjoy life is lost. This can be caused by the loss of a loved one, failure in vital matters for a person. In addition, all this is accompanied by a desire to hide from the outside world, from oneself.
Psychological. An oppressed depressed state can be evidence of fear for one's own life, a fear that nothing will be achieved in life, a fear that the planned will never come true.

Oppressed, depressed, decadent state - how to deal with it?

There is always a way out. First of all, you need to work on your own "I". You should not expect this condition to go away without someone's help. It, unfortunately, can develop into something more, pernicious. So, the great psychologist A. Adler always told his students: “If you want to get rid of a depressed state, blues, despondency, you need to remind yourself every day that you want to please someone.” What causes feelings of depression? Constant thoughts about his personality, and when a person takes care of others, gives them a smile, this helps him find peace and get rid of oppressive depression.

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d e p e c s i

depressed, depressed mental state

An illness that occurs in the form of bouts of low mood, usually separated by periods of normal state

The stagnant state of the economy after the crisis

Post-crisis state of the economy, stagnation

Stopping decline in production, weak demand, high unemployment

Air rarefaction in underground mine workings, created by an exhaust fan to ventilate them

Depressed, depressed state

Depressed mental state

The longest economic crisis in the history of industrialized countries was called the Great.

Latin for "state of oppression"

Anger without enthusiasm

Depressed mental state

The stagnant state of the economy after the crisis

endogenous depression

Depression is a mental illness that is characterized by a depressed and oppressed state. Endogenous depression occurs for no apparent reason (not associated with psychogenic or situational exogenous factors), may be a manifestation of an internal disease, has a severe course and a long recovery period, and is prone to recurrence. This condition limits the socialization of the patient, often causes a temporary loss of professional and household skills.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders today. Women are more prone to it than men. The risk of developing depression increases with age. Thus, among people over 65 years of age, depression occurs about 3 times more often than in other age groups. In childhood and adolescence, the prevalence of depression is 15-40%, often a depressive disorder in patients of this age group leads to suicide attempts.

Unlike the usual low mood, a depressed state is observed for a long time and cannot be corrected by conventional methods.

Endogenous depression is characterized by the so-called depressive triad of disorders (signs of motor, emotional and ideation inhibition) and daily fluctuations in the intensity of clinical signs.

Causes of endogenous depression and risk factors

The mechanism of the development of the disease is not well understood. It is assumed that the cause of endogenous depression may be a violation of metabolic processes in the brain, namely, a violation of the production of norepinephrine and serotonin.

Norepinephrine, called the "wakefulness mediator" - the hormone of the adrenal medulla, belongs to the biogenic amines of the catecholamine group, takes part in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure, causes an increase in cardiac output. Serotonin, which is also called the "hormone of happiness", belongs to the biogenic amines of the tryptamine class and plays the role of a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It facilitates motor activity, takes part in the regulation of vascular tone, affects the reproductive system, etc. The synthesis and metabolic processes of norepinephrine and serotonin have a certain relationship.

People with certain character traits and personal qualities (hyper-responsibility, perfectionism, workaholism, increased sense of duty, suspiciousness, anxiety) are prone to developing endogenous depression.

Risk factors include:

hereditary predisposition;
chronic somatic diseases;
metabolic disorders;
age-related changes;
physical and mental stress;
irrational nutrition;
taking a number of medications;
systematic vigorous activity at night;
irregular work schedule and other professional hazards.

Forms of the disease

Depending on the dominance of one or another symptom, the following forms of endogenous depression are distinguished:

Symptoms of endogenous depression

Endogenous depression manifests itself unexpectedly. Its signs are: low mood, melancholy, anxiety, decreased self-esteem, guilt, insecurity, increased self-criticism, hypochondria, and sometimes suicidal thoughts. Unlike the usual low mood, a depressed state is observed for a long time, cannot be corrected in the usual ways (rest, talking with friends, walking, entertainment). Patients have a reduced range of interests, they become indifferent, shy away from communication, and try to minimize social contacts.

The depressed psychological state of the patient may prompt him to take alcohol and other psychoactive substances.

The symptoms of endogenous depression also include mental inhibition, which consists in the impossibility of making a quick decision even in an extremely responsible situation, difficulties in analyzing the information received, assessing what is happening, and concentrating; illogicality and inconsistency of thoughts and actions. Patients' movements become slower, and the rate of speech slows down. Asthenia, sleep disorders (insomnia, nocturnal and early awakenings) develop, there is a decrease in appetite or excessive appetite, due to which weight is lost or gained extra. Dyspeptic symptoms may appear - nausea, heartburn, bad breath, constipation. Such violations are reflected in the appearance: pallor of the skin appears, an earthy complexion, hair becomes dull and brittle. Against the background of lethargy, patients may experience attacks of intense arousal, up to causing damage to themselves.

The feeling of fatigue and lethargy does not leave the patient even after a long rest. There may also be a decrease in libido, anorgasmia, menstrual irregularities in women, pain in the body of uncertain localization, constricting pain in the heart and back pain, a feeling of general discomfort. The depressed psychological state of the patient may prompt him to take alcohol and other psychoactive substances.

In childhood and adolescence, the prevalence of depression is 15-40%, often a depressive disorder in patients of this age group leads to suicide attempts.

The mood of the patient changes cyclically throughout the day. So, in the case of a mild course of the disease, the peak of depressed mood falls on the morning hours, and by the evening the condition of the patients improves somewhat. In more severe cases, a melancholy mood and increased unreasoned anxiety are characteristic of the evening hours.

A specific sign of endogenous depression is pathological vital melancholy. At the same time, many patients can localize sensations of discomfort in a certain part of the body (head, neck, chest) and differentiate this condition from pain and discomfort arising from somatic diseases, as well as from experiences formed under the influence of real causes.

There may be a feeling of unreality of what is happening (derealization), time dilation, depersonalization, a painful feeling of lack of feelings and desires, emotional perception of the surrounding reality. Patients with endogenous depression are characterized by anhedonia, which consists in a decrease or complete loss of the ability to enjoy. In severe cases, hallucinations occur that contain fragments of violent actions.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of endogenous depression is established on the basis of the patient's complaints, anamnesis, as well as an assessment of the level of depression using special tests (Zang's scale for self-assessment of anxiety, the Beck depression scale, a test for determining the level of depression, adapted by T. I. Balashova, etc.).

An important indicator for diagnosing endogenous depression is the patient's pronounced mental retardation (slowing the pace of speech, speed of thinking, patients need more than usual time to express their thoughts and formulate answers to the questions posed). A slowdown in the rate of speech is noted throughout the entire dialogue with the patient, which distinguishes endogenous depression from asthenic conditions.

Endogenous depression occurs for no apparent reason (not associated with psychogenic or situational exogenous factors).

If endogenous depression is suspected, a laboratory examination is performed, including determining the level of hormones in the blood, hemoglobin content, etc. If there are signs of somatic pathology, the patient is referred for a consultation with specialists (endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, etc.).

Endogenous depression must be differentiated from psychogenic depressive disorder, which is characterized by an association with overt or covert psychological trauma.

Treatment of endogenous depression

Treatment for endogenous depression is usually done on an outpatient basis. In severe cases, hospitalization may be indicated. It is necessary to eliminate possible factors that stimulate the development of pathology, which requires a correction of the patient's lifestyle, including the normalization of work and rest, nutrition, etc.

The main method of treating endogenous depression is the use of antidepressants, which should be continued for some time after the complete disappearance of the symptoms of the disease, since if therapy is stopped prematurely, there is a risk of deterioration of the patient's condition and relapse. In addition, abrupt discontinuation of antidepressants can lead to the development of a withdrawal syndrome. As a rule, motor and mental retardation decrease after 2-3 weeks of drug treatment, however, depressed mood and suicidal thoughts may persist for a little longer.

In addition to antidepressants, mood stabilizers can be used to help stabilize mood and prevent the development of new episodes of depression.

Patients have a reduced range of interests, they become indifferent, shy away from communication, and try to minimize social contacts.

Psychotherapy in the treatment of endogenous depression plays an auxiliary role, serving as an addition to drug therapy. The most common methods of psychotherapy for depressive disorders are:

existential - aimed at realizing one's life values;
cognitive-behavioral - aimed at increasing activity, acquiring social competence, training self-control, reducing the severity of the patient's negative ideas about himself and the world around him, eliminating residual symptoms after successful drug therapy;
interpersonal - teaching social skills that caused difficulties for the patient;
psychodynamic - based on the theory of psychoanalysis;
client-centered; etc.

A set of physical exercises is prescribed due to the impact of physical activity on the neurotransmission of certain mediators (an increase in the production of serotonin, β-endorphins), an increase in body temperature and, accordingly, the intensity of metabolism, and an increase in body tone. Patients are recommended yoga classes, taking vitamin and mineral complexes, long walks in the fresh air.

Auxiliary treatments for endogenous depression include phototherapy, sleep deprivation, low frequency alternating magnetic field therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, massage, art therapy, occupational therapy, and aromatherapy.

Possible complications and consequences

The consequence of endogenous depression may be a suicide attempt.

The risk of developing depression increases with age.

Against the background of drug therapy, tachycardia, arterial hypertension, confusion, dysuria, allergic stomatitis, hyperglycemia, weight gain, erectile dysfunction, visual disturbances may develop.

Forecast

Timely undertaken adequate treatment allows you to get rid of the symptoms of endogenous depression, or at least reduce their severity and prevent the development of complications. With a traumatic effect of external factors and in the absence of properly selected therapy, the prognosis worsens.

Prevention

In order to prevent the development of endogenous depression, it is recommended:

avoidance of excessive mental and mental stress;
avoidance of vigorous activity at night, especially if there is a tendency to develop endogenous depression;
measured mode of work and rest;
full night's rest;
balanced diet;
rejection of bad habits;
sufficient physical activity;
avoidance of occupational hazards.

To prevent recurrence of depression, patients may be advised to take small doses of antidepressants under the supervision of the attending physician.

Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:

Education: "First Kyiv Medical College", specialty "Laboratory diagnostics".

The information is generalized and is provided for informational purposes only. Seek medical attention at the first sign of illness. Self-medication is dangerous to health!

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Depressed mood and abnormal mental state require treatment

The deterioration of the mood of a depressive nature is not just dangerous, as is commonly thought, but much more dangerous. Everyone feels depressed, sad, sad from time to time, but one in five of those who are sad today need treatment under the supervision of a doctor.

If you do not pay attention to the change in your state, sadness, or a depressive state, can deepen further: there will be longing, thoughts about your own guilt and unsuitability, the frailty of existence, - says the psychotherapist of the Minsk City Psychoneurological Dispensary Igor Sorokin. - Lost interest in everything that used to be a significant part of life: family, work, friends, hobbies. Life begins to seem generally bleak, in a gray-black color. It is difficult to think, to perform even simple, familiar work.

There are also physical manifestations:

cardiopalmus,
an increase or decrease in blood pressure,
changes in appetite, weight,
dry mouth appears
tears either disappear completely, or more often well up,
libido decreases.

Often it is the physical symptoms that come to the fore and begin to disturb a person. Such a person begins to walk around the offices of clinics, undergo numerous examinations. However, not a therapist or a neurologist can help such a patient, but only a psychotherapist or psychiatrist.

You need to contact these specialists if the following manifestations are observed within two weeks (at least):

low mood;
lack of pleasure from life;
isolation from friends, family;
decreased ability to perform usual work, unwillingness to do anything, even to monitor appearance;
weakness, difficulty concentrating, reasoning abilities, insomnia or drowsiness, thoughts of one's own fault or worthlessness;
recurring thoughts of death, suicide.

Spleen, or depression, also has biological causes. It is known that blues is caused by a low content of serotonin - a substance with which our brain works smoothly. Today, it is not known exactly why the level of this substance decreases. It is noticed that this can be observed as a result of certain diseases, prolonged stress.

Depression can be more or less severe. Depending on the severity of the mental disorder, the psychiatrist selects a medication (antidepressant) that can be used to increase the level of serotonin in certain brain structures, which means to improve mood, restore physical and mental activity, working capacity, optimism, normal appetite, night sleep, improve general well-being.

Modern antidepressants are not addictive or addictive. Although any medication, other than therapeutic, has undesirable effects. You can ask your doctor about these effects. Usually, undesirable effects are mild and disappear shortly after the start of administration.

It usually takes 7 to 14 days for the patient to notice the first changes for the better. A complete exit from a painful state occurs in several stages:

relief of painful manifestations,
state stabilization,
relapse prevention.

More movement, light and vanilla aroma!

Try to follow the daily routine. Every minute of life should be meaningful. You must know what awaits you in the next hour, when you finish what you are doing now.
Keep in mind that the best cure for depression is work.
Go to bed and wake up at the same time. Don't let yourself wallow in bed, even on weekends. Sleep at least 7-8 hours a day.
Allow yourself small joys (buy something nice, visit an exhibition, a performance).
Don't focus on the negative.
A good mood is promoted by the aroma of essential oils of rose, tea tree, vanilla, geranium, chamomile, mint. 2-3 drops of essential oil on a napkin can be attached over a light bulb. This will be enough to aromatize the room in the evening.
Bright light also improves mood.

Do not forget about daily physical and mental activity.