Drops for alkalization of water. Demodex alkaline eye drops Alkaline eye drops

The most effective drug for demodicosis is eye drops. Basically, as a cure for demodicosis of the eyelids, acaricidal eye drops are used. In case of complications with a secondary infection, antibacterial drugs are used. And if you have allergy symptoms, such as itchy eyelids, antihistamines are best.

These medicines are used to treat the skin around the eyelashes and at the edges of the eyelids, and not to bury them in the eyes. When using, apply a couple of drops to the fingertips and massage the eyelids. In extreme cases, if severe itching, inflammation and burning sensation are felt in the patient, then the drops are instilled into the conjunctival sac.

Note! "Before you start reading the article, find out how Albina Gurieva was able to overcome vision problems using ...

Among the acaricidal eye drops, the following deserve great attention:

1. Carbachol;
2. Physostigmine;
3. Phosphacol;
4. Tosmilen.

Let's look at each of the drugs in more detail:

carbachol

Therapeutic effect: when massaging the eyelids, this remedy paralyzes the activity of the limbs of ticks that cause demodicosis. Instillation of Carbachol into the eyes causes miosis of the eye and favors the reduction of intraocular pressure.

Contraindications to the drug: hypersensitivity.

Side effects:

• increased secretion of saliva;
• bradycardia;
• nausea.

The above side effects disappear when the dose is reduced.

Physostigmine

Therapeutic effect: After instillation of the drug into the conjunctival sac, intraocular pressure decreases, miosis of the eye (narrowing of the pupil) is observed. When applied to the eyelids, this medicine acts as a paralyzing agent. They paralyze the limbs of ticks - the causative agents of the disease, thereby immobilizing them

Contraindications: The drug is contraindicated in people with angina pectoris, heart disease, blood vessels, bronchial asthma, epilepsy, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, pregnant women.

Phosphacol

Therapeutic action: It is used as a miotic (constricting the pupil of the eye) and antiglaucoma (lowering intraocular pressure). The main effect in the treatment of demodicosis is paralysis of the limbs of pathogens (ticks).

Contraindications to the drug: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Tosmilen

Therapeutic effect: Using Tosmilen as a means for massaging the eyelids, the patient achieves complete paralysis of the limbs of demodex mites (the causative agent of the disease). With severe inflammation and burning, it is used for instillation. In this case, the pupil narrows (the maximum degree of miosis is reached) and the intraocular pressure decreases.

Contraindications: bronchial asthma, irritation of the stomach and intestines, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, bradycardia (heart rhythm disturbance).

Antibacterial drops

These funds are used for complication, secondary infection. The main action of such drops is aimed at changing the internal processes of microorganisms, in which they are completely deactivated.

The main antibacterial eye drops used for complications:

1. Levomycetin;
2. Levoflaxacin;
3. Ciprofloxicin;
4. Tobrex;
5. Dex-gentamicin.

We will also dwell in more detail on each of the drugs:

Levomycetin

Therapeutic action: They fight infection by disrupting the synthesis of proteins of microorganisms, blocking the process of reproduction.

Contraindications to the drug: violation of hematopoiesis, liver and kidney failure, hypersensitivity to the components.

Levoflaxacin

Therapeutic action: Antibiotic. This drug blocks the enzymatic processes necessary for the synthesis of DNA of microorganisms. The ability to reproduce is lost. Blocking the synthesis of bacterial DNA leads to changes in the cell wall that are incompatible with the normal functioning of microbial cells. Thus, microorganisms cannot multiply and die.

Contraindications to the drug: hypersensitivity and allergic reactions to the constituent components.

Ciprofloxicin

Therapeutic action: It acts bactericidal. Pareparat inhibits the DNA of bankteria, due to which there is a violation of DNA replication and the synthesis of cellular proteins of bacteria.

Contraindications: sensitivity to any drugs from the group of quinolones; pregnancy, lactation, up to 1 year.

Tobrex

Therapeutic effect: Using the drug, the processes of formation of enzymes used to build the DNA of microbes are blocked. As a result, there are irreversible changes in the cells of microorganisms that are incompatible with the functioning and vital activity.

Contraindications to the drug: bronchial asthma, irritation of the stomach and intestines, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, peptic ulcer of the stomach and intestines, heart rhythm disturbance (bradycardia).

Dex-gentamicin

Therapeutic effect: The effectiveness of the drug is due to the components that make up its composition. Dex-gentamicin is an anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drug.

Contraindications to the drug: increased intraocular pressure, fungal manifestations in the eyes, hypersensitivity.

Antihistamine drops

When allergic reactions are observed, antihistamine eye drops are well suited:

1. Acular
2. Okumetil
3. Dexamethasone

More details about them below:

Acular

Therapeutic action: Due to the components of the drug, it can be used as an anti-inflammatory.

Contraindications to the drug: individual intolerance, pregnancy.

Okumetil

Therapeutic effect: The drug reduces swelling of the eyelids, thanks to the active substances that make up its composition. There is a blocking of histamine receptors and vasoconstriction.

Contraindications to the drug: pregnancy and lactation, hypersensitivity, up to two years; glaucoma, epilepsy, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, dry eye syndrome. Also bronchial asthma, pathologies of the cardiovascular system, disruption of the thyroid gland, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus.

Dexamethosone

Therapeutic effect: When applied, the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect is strongly manifested.

Contraindications to the drug: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; tuberculosis, fungal, viral lesions of the eyes, trachoma, glaucoma, epithelial damage to the cornea.

When using these or other medicines, it is necessary to consult with a specialist. The best treatment is under the supervision of a professional!

Eye drops are medicinal solutions that are intended to be injected into the eyes. There are a lot of drugs in the form of eye drops, but all of them are not analogues, but belong to one or another group. Any drops are sterile, stable and do not irritate the mucous membrane of the eye. Depending on the active substance, eye drops are used to eliminate unpleasant symptoms and treat various diseases of the organs of vision. Further consider the most common of the eye drops and the features of their use.

Eye drops are intended for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the organs of vision. Most often, ophthalmologists prescribe drops for diseases of the anterior sections of the eye, outer membranes and eyelids. The composition of the solutions includes one or more components that have a therapeutic effect on the eyes. Eye drops can be used for purposes such as:

• Fight against infections and viruses. In this case, they contain antibiotics and antiviral components.
• Allergy protection.
• Elimination of the inflammatory process.
• Treatment of glaucoma and lowering intraocular pressure.
• Nourishment of eye tissues to improve metabolic processes;
• Slowing down the formation of cataracts;
• Reduced presbyopia;
• Slowing the progression of myopia;
• The fight against retinopathy in metabolic disorders;
• Carrying out diagnostic procedures;
• Hydration of the eyes;
• Vasoconstriction;
• Elimination of fatigue, redness and irritation;
• Removal of edema.

All types of eye drops share a number of common properties. An important feature of such funds is the ability to quickly penetrate the conjunctiva, the outer shell of the eye, into the deeper parts of the eyeball.

This effect is achieved thanks to special technologies used in the production process.

Each drug has its own characteristics: it contains its own active substance, is used for a specific purpose and is included in one or another group of eye drops.

• Antimicrobial eye drops are used to fight various infections. This is the largest pharmacological group, which, in turn, is divided into several subgroups. There are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal eye drops, and by the nature of the active substance - antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs and antiseptics.
• Anti-inflammatory eye drops are intended for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of the organ of vision and its appendages of a non-infectious nature. This group, in turn, is subdivided into steroid anti-inflammatory drops (hormonal anti-inflammatory drops) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drops. Both those and others can consist of several components that expand their spectrum of action.
• Drugs designed to reduce intraocular pressure are divided into 2 large groups: drugs that improve the outflow of intraocular fluid, and drugs that reduce its production.
• Antiallergic eye drops are designed to treat and prevent allergic reactions. The principle of action of these drugs is to suppress the triggering of the inflammatory response at the cellular level, or to block histamine receptors.
• Local vasoconstrictor drugs relieve symptoms of allergic inflammation, such as edema and hyperemia, and significantly reduce pain.
• Eye drops used for cataracts slow down its development.
• Moisturizing eye drops, or "artificial tears", are designed to prevent dry eye syndrome.
• Diagnostic eye drops are used during surgical interventions.

List of the most popular types of eye drops

This group is divided into several subgroups.

Designed for the treatment of eye infections caused by bacteria, mycoplasmas and chlamydia.

The following eye drops with antibiotics are currently known:

• Levomycetin;
• Vigamox;
• Tobrex;
• Gentamicin;
• Tsipromed;
• Tsiprolet;
• Oftaquix;
• Normax;
• Phloxal;
• Kolistimitat;
• Maxitrol;
• Fucitalmic.

Designed for the treatment of viral infections. The list of these drugs:

• Aktipol;
• Poludan;
• Trifluridine;
• Berofor;
• Oftan-IDU.

Designed for the treatment of fungal infections. Such oculars are produced only in Europe and the USA on the basis of a substance such as natamycin. Also, if necessary, solutions of amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Ketoconazole, Flucitazine, Miconazole and Nystatin are instilled into the eyes.

These drugs contain sulfonamides in their composition, therefore they are used to treat both bacterial and viral infections. The most famous drug based on sodium sulfacyl is Albucid.

Designed to treat infections caused by any microorganisms: viruses, fungi, bacteria. Drops with antiseptics:

• Ophthalmo-septonex;
• Miramistin;
• Avitar.

The drugs in this group are divided into 3 subgroups:

1. Drops containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as active substances(Voltaren ofta, Naklof, Indocollir). Such drops are often used to relieve inflammation in various functional conditions (fatigue, irritation, etc.) and eye diseases (infections, glaucoma, etc.).
2. Drops containing glucocorticoid hormones. These include Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Betamethasone, Prenacid. These drugs are used to eliminate a strong inflammatory process in various eye diseases. It is not recommended to use eye drops with glucocorticoids for viral, mycobacterial and fungal eye infections.
3. Combined drops containing NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, antibiotics or antivirals. The most popular combination drugs are Sofradex, Oftalmoferon, Tobradex.

Drugs of this group are prescribed to patients suffering from allergic reactions. Medicinal solutions may contain membrane stabilizers (Cromohexal, Lecrolin, Lodoxamide, Alomid) or antihistamines (Antazolin, Azelastine, Allergodil, Levokabastin, Pheniramine, Histimet and Opatonol) as active substances.

Antiallergic drops must be used in courses.

These include:

• Tetrizoline;
• Naphazoline;
• Oxymetazoline;
• Phenylephrine;
• Vizin;
• Spersallerg.

These drugs are used only as needed to eliminate severe redness of the eyes, relieve swelling and stop lacrimation.

The use of vasoconstrictor drops is allowed no more than 7 - 10 days in a row.

Such drugs reduce intraocular pressure. Among them are drops that improve the outflow of intraocular fluid (Pilocarpine, Carbachol, Latanoprost, Xalatan, Xalacom, Travoprost, Travatan), and drops that reduce the formation of intraocular fluid (Clonidine-Clonidine, Proxofelin, Betaxolol, Timolol, Proxodolol, Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide, Trusopt, Azopt, Betoptik, Arutimol, Kosopt, Xalak.

Preparations of this group support the functioning of the optic nerve and prevent its edema. These include: Erisod, Emoksipin, 0.02% histochrome solution.

The purpose of these drops is to slow down the development of cataracts. List of drugs:

• Alpha-adrenomimetic - Mezaton 1%;
• Irifrin 2.5 and 10%;
• Taurine;
• Oftan-catahrom;
• Azapentacene;
• Taufon;
• Quinax.

They are used to relieve pain in the eyes in severe diseases or during diagnostic and surgical interventions. These include the following drugs:

• Tetracaine;
• Decain;
• oxybuprocaine;
• Lidocaine;
• Inocaine.

They are used for various diagnostic manipulations: dilate the pupil, allow you to see the fundus, differentiate lesions of various eye tissues, etc.). This group of drugs:

• Atropine;
• Midriacil;
• Fluorescein.

Such funds are otherwise called "artificial tears."

They are used for dry eyes against the background of any condition or disease. Artificial tears include:

• Vidisik;
• Oftagel;
• Hilo chest of drawers;
• Oksial;
• Systane;
• "Natural tear".

These drugs stimulate the restoration of the normal structure of the cornea of ​​​​the eye, improve the nutrition of eye tissues and activate metabolic processes in them. These include: Etaden, Erisod, Emoksipin, Taufon, Solcoseryl, Balarpan. These drops are also used to accelerate the recovery of eye tissues after burns, injuries, against the background of degenerative processes in the cornea (keratinopathy).

• Quinax;
• Ophthalm-catahrom;
• Catalin;
• Vitaiodurol;
• Taurine;
• Taufon.

Each drug has its own characteristics. It is allowed to use therapeutic drops only as directed by an ophthalmologist.

What you need to know about the correct use of eye drops?

• Eye drops must be prescribed by a doctor. The specialist chooses a drug for the treatment of the disease and prescribes its dosage, which must be strictly observed.
• If the oculist has prescribed several ophthalmic preparations, you need to take breaks of 15-20 minutes between instillations. If the doctor says that the drops should be applied in a certain order, do not neglect this.
• A pharmacy may not have eye drops prescribed by a doctor. In this case, you should not, on your own or on the recommendation of a pharmacist, replace them with drops with a similar composition. Even if the same active ingredient is indicated on vials from different manufacturers, eye tissues may react unpredictably to another drug. Only a specialist can choose a suitable analogue.
• Strictly observe the mode of storage of eye drops, specified in the instructions for the drug.
• Remember the expiration dates: eye drops can be used within a month from the moment the bottle is opened and only if the type, color and consistency of the solution have not changed.
• Wash your hands when using the drops to avoid infection in your eyes and try not to touch anything with the tip of the vial.
• Warm the drops by dipping the closed vial into a cup of hot water or by placing it under a stream of hot water. Cold drops are poorly absorbed and may irritate the eyes.
• If you wear contact lenses, remove the lenses from your eyes before using the eye drops. It will be possible to put them on 15-20 minutes after using the drug.
• Do not use other people's drops and do not give your drug to anyone. Eye drops are like a toothbrush: they are applied strictly individually.

additional information

The first and most effective remedy for relieving inflammation and redness of the eyes is drops. Like every drug, they have pharmacological properties, features and patterns of use. The list of the most popular and frequently prescribed includes antiseptics, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and prophylactic drugs.

Dosage forms in solutions that are injected into the conjunctival sac are eye drops. They can be water, oil or suspension. Any of the forms of the solution meets the following requirements:

1. To protect the conjunctiva from infection, the medicine must be sterile. This is achieved by following the rules of asepsis and sterilization.
2. Mechanical impurities are excluded. Therefore, when preparing the dosage form, it undergoes a thorough filtration.
3. Solutions should be comfortable, isotonic, with an optimal indicator corresponding to the osmotic pressure of the lacrimal fluid. For this purpose, sodium chlorides and sulfates, boric acid are used in production.
4. Dosage forms must have a chemically stable formula. To ensure this, special stabilizers are added to them and sterilization takes place in a gentle mode.
5. The lacrimal fluid has a peculiarity: it quickly flushes out aqueous solutions. In order to prolong the action of the dosage form in the conjunctival cavity, they additionally include prolonging components.

In ophthalmic practice, drops are prescribed for therapeutic and preventive measures of the anterior sections of the eyes, outer membranes and eyelids. Their composition can be single-component or combined.

The drugs on this list are prescribed for the treatment of infections, "red eye syndrome", with traumatic injuries, inflammation, after removal of foreign bodies. These means of complex action give an antiseptic, deodorizing, disinfecting and anti-inflammatory effect.

Release form: 0.05% solution in a 10 ml vial.

A broad-spectrum drug is used in the treatment of fungal, bacterial, viral infections of the anterior part of the eye. For preventive purposes, it is prescribed after operations and injuries.

The main active ingredient: picloxidine dihydrochloride destroys the cell membranes of bacteria, fungi, viruses, thereby leading to their death.

To improve tolerance and effectiveness, two auxiliary components are introduced into the composition of the drug:

• Polysorbate keeps the concentration of picloxidine on the cornea
• Dextrose provides osmotic activity and mucosal tolerance.

Release form: 0.01% solution in a 10 ml vial.

The main component is the antiseptic benzyldimethyl. It affects chlamydia, fungi, herpeviruses, staphylococci, streptococci. The drug is an isotonic solution, close to the lacrimal fluid, so its use is painless and comfortable.

Indicated for the treatment of acute and chronic conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis. Antiseptic drops are prescribed for prophylactic purposes after surgical interventions.

The use of Okomistin is safe, therefore it is allowed in pediatric practice for children from the first days of life, for pregnant and lactating women.

Antiseptic solutions are used 1–2 drops every 4–6 hours for a course of treatment of 7–10 days. For preventive purposes, they are used three times a day.

Medicines in this group are represented by two types. These are synthetic hormonal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The main active component of dexamethasone is a synthetic substance, an analogue of the hormone of the adrenal cortex.

Eye drops with a pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic, anti-exudative action. The drug penetrates well into all tissues of the anterior part of the eye and appendages, acting from 4 to 8 hours.

Course of treatment: from 10 days to two weeks.

It is prescribed for non-purulent, purulent conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, optic neuritis, for the prevention of an inflammatory reaction after surgical interventions, burns and injuries.

The tool is contraindicated in purulent pathologies, viral infection, increased intraocular pressure.

Refers to prescription drugs.

The main active ingredient of the drug: disodium disonide phosphate. This compound belongs to synthetic glucocorticoids and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effect.

It is prescribed for organic pathologies, thermal, chemical, traumatic injuries of the anterior part of the eye and appendages.

The course of treatment is from 12 days to two weeks. For special indications, the period may be extended up to a month.

Combined preparation in the form of a suspension, which combines two components:

• Dexamethasone provides anti-inflammatory properties.
• Antimicrobial function is achieved by tobramycin, an antibiotic with a wide spectrum of action.

Drops are prescribed for bacterial infections and inflammation of the anterior sections of the eye, for prophylaxis in the postoperative period.

The course of treatment with the drug: 7-10 days.

The drug is contraindicated in children under 1 year old, pregnant and breastfeeding.

The main active component of the drops, a derivative of sodium phenylacetic acid, diclofenac belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances.

The drug acts as an anesthetic that relieves swelling.

The course of treatment with eye drops: from one to three weeks.

Analogue of the drug: Diclo-F eye drops.

The main component of the product, a derivative of acetic acid, belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances. Acts on the focus of infection, relieves pain, swelling.

The course of treatment with eye drops: from seven days and as prescribed by a doctor up to four weeks.

It is used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes for inflammation of the eye of various origins, injuries, before and after cataract surgery.

The drug is contraindicated in children under 2 years of age, pregnant and breastfeeding.

The preparations of this group include active active ingredients of synthetic or natural origin, which are detrimental to pathogenic microorganisms. The range of their application in ophthalmic treatment is quite wide. They are indicated in the treatment of bacterial blepharitis, conjunctivitis, barley, dacryocystitis, keratitis and other acute and chronic eye infections.

Means for treatment are divided into two large groups:

• Antibacterial (aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones).
• Sulfanilamide.

The choice of this or that remedy is made by a specialist, taking into account age, spectrum of exposure, expected tolerance, sensitivity of the infection to the drug.

Eye drops with the main component of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride - an antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone group with a wide spectrum of action. Suppresses breeding and resting bacteria.

They give a high absorption rate and reach their maximum concentration after 2 hours, holding it up to 6 hours.

Shown in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the eyes and appendages: conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, blepharitis.

The dosage of drugs of the fluoroquinolone group is determined by the doctor. The course of treatment lasts 7 days.

Ophthalmic solutions with aminoglycosides, where tobramycin sulfate is included as the main component.

A local antibiotic acts on streptococcus, staphylococcus, Klebsiella, diphtheria and E. coli.

It is indicated for infectious lesions of the eyes with pathogenic microorganisms sensitive to tobramycin sulfate in all categories of patients, including newborns.

Course of treatment: from 7 to 10 days.

Sulfanilamide preparations of bacteriostatics are prescribed at the initial stage of infection. They inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms and, in addition to bacteriostatic, have a keratoplastic effect: they restore the outer epithelial cell layer.

The active active ingredient is sodium sulfacid (sulfacetamide).

The drug is available in two dosages of an aqueous solution of 5 and 10 ml:

• 20% for children.
• 30% adult.

Eye drops give a local antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli, gonococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus, chlamydia.

It is used for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the anterior part of the eye: purulent conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcers. For prophylactic purposes, it is used to prevent infections in newborns.

The course of treatment of the drug takes place until the symptoms disappear completely, with daily instillations every 4 hours.

To prevent dystrophic and age-related changes, stimulate metabolic processes and normalize intraocular pressure, fortified formulations are prescribed.

Release form: bottles of 5.10 ml, 4% solution.

Eye drops based on taurine, an amino acid that is involved in lipid metabolism, normalizes intracellular energy balance.

In ophthalmology, the compound is used for the treatment and prevention of dystrophic processes.

Indications:

• Increased visual load.
• All stages of myopia, farsightedness, astigmatism.
• Age-related changes in the cornea.
• Cataract.
• Glaucoma.
• Diabetic retinopathy.

Course of treatment: from one to three months.

Eye drops with the active ingredient azapentacene polysulfonate. This compound stimulates the formation of enzymes and other protein structures of the anterior chambers of the eyes, and acts as an antioxidant.

Eye drops with the active substance lutein - an antioxidant and neutralizer. Accumulating, the drug acts as a light filter, protecting the eye from aggressive rays of the light spectrum. The antioxidant properties of lutein make it possible to neutralize the negative effect that free radicals have, and thereby prevent retinal and lens dystrophy.

The range of application of the drug is wide: it is prescribed for all age groups. For children and adolescents - for the prevention of myopia, in adults - with age-related farsightedness, to prevent sclerotic senile changes.

Release form: 10 ml bottle.

Combined eye drops to improve metabolism, respiration and cell synthesis. Stimulates energy processes in the lens due to the content of active components:

• Cytochrome.
• Adenosine.
• sodium succinate.
• Nicotinamide.

It is indicated for the prevention of cataracts and other sclerotic changes in the anterior parts of the eye.

Course of treatment: from 1 to 3 months.

This group of prophylactic agents has a wide range of purposes. They are shown to those whose professional activities are associated with increased visual load.

Release form: 10 ml bottle.

Complex preparation with plant extracts:

• Pharmacy chamomile.
• Elderberry.
• Hamamelis.
• Melilot medicinal.

Hypoallergenic eye drops eliminate dryness, irritation and redness, give a slight anti-inflammatory effect, constrict dilated blood vessels. The drug is recommended for the care, relaxation and moisturizing of the mucous membrane of the eyes, after wearing contact lenses.

A keratoprotective drug based on carbomer, a high-molecular compound similar in composition to lacrimal fluid. Indicated for "red eye syndrome" and when wearing lenses.

It creates a protective and moisturizing film on the surface of the organ, relieves inflammation.

The list of eye drops of artificial tear fluid substitutes includes the following names: Sistein, Vial, Natural Tears, Oftolik, Vizomitin.

Unlike other drugs, moisturizers do not have a systemic effect on the cells of the anterior part of the eye. In addition to individual intolerance, they have no contraindications, so they can be purchased and used without a doctor's prescription.

All eye drops, like any other medication, should be used only after the appointment of the attending physician.

In order for them to give a therapeutic effect, retain their action and not damage, you need to follow a few rules:

1. An opened bottle can be used for no more than 4 weeks and stored only in a cool, dark place.
2. Wash your hands before the procedure.
3. When instilling, try to make sure that the tip of the pipette does not come into contact with the surface of the eye or eyelashes.
4. If several medications are prescribed by the doctor, the procedures should be carried out with pauses of at least 20 minutes. Which drug will be the first, does not matter.

The main thing: if the doctor has prescribed treatment with drops, you cannot interrupt it yourself. A full course of procedures must be followed.

Types of eye drops

By appointment, modern eye drops are divided into the following groups:

1. Antimicrobial eye drops used to fight various kinds of infection. This is perhaps the largest pharmacological group, which in turn is divided into several subgroups. So, in accordance with the most common types of infections, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal eye drops are isolated, and by the nature of the active substance - antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs and antiseptics.
2. Anti-inflammatory eye drops are intended for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of the organ of vision and its appendages of a non-infectious nature. This group, in turn, is subdivided into steroid anti-inflammatory drops (hormonal anti-inflammatory drops) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drops. Both those and others can consist of several components that expand their spectrum of action.
3. Eye drops used for the treatment of glaucoma, which is a persistent increase in intraocular pressure, leading to severe consequences up to irreparable loss of vision. According to the mechanism of action, drugs intended to reduce intraocular pressure are divided into two large groups: drugs that improve the outflow of intraocular fluid, and drugs that reduce its production.
4. Antiallergic eye drops intended for the treatment and prevention of allergic reactions. The principle of action of these drugs is to suppress the triggering of the inflammatory reaction at the cellular level (membrane-stabilizing antiallergic agents) or to block the receptors for histamine, the main mediator of inflammatory allergic reactions (histamine receptor blockers). In addition, anti-allergic eye drops include topical vasoconstrictor drugs that relieve symptoms of allergic inflammation such as swelling and hyperemia (redness) and significantly reduce soreness.
5. Eye drops used with cataract.
6. Moisturizing eye drops or "artificial tears".
7. Diagnostic eye drops and eye drops used during surgery.

Antibacterial eye drops (eye drops for dacryocystitis, barley, bacterial blepharitis, conjunctivitis, etc.)

Antibacterial eye drops are medications designed to fight bacterial infections of the eyes and their appendages.

It is bacteria that, as a rule, become the culprits of such fairly common diseases as dacryocystitis (inflammation of the lacrimal sac), meiobitis (barley), creeping corneal ulcer (ulcerative lesion of the transparent membrane covering the iris and pupil), and also cause post-traumatic and post-operative purulent inflammatory processes.

In addition, bacteria are often the causative agents of blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids), conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye), keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), uveitis (inflammation of the choroid), and other acute and chronic infections of the eye.

Therefore, it is not surprising that antibacterial drugs are the largest pharmacological subgroup of antimicrobial eye drops. By the nature of the active substance, antibacterial eye drops, in turn, are divided into eye drops with antibiotics and eye drops with sulfanilamide preparations.

Eye drops with antibiotics are drugs that contain compounds of natural or semi-synthetic origin as an active ingredient that have a detrimental effect on microorganisms.

In the case of antibiotics, medicine uses the natural properties of some living organisms to produce substances that suppress competitive microflora.

As you know, the first antibiotics were obtained from a culture of yeast fungi. Since then, scientists have learned not only to use natural antibiotics obtained from various microorganisms, but also to synthesize their improved analogues.

By chemical nature, antibiotics, in turn, are divided into groups - rows, so that antibacterial agents from the same row have similar properties.

In ophthalmic practice, eye drops with antibiotics of various groups are widely used, in particular:

• aminoglycosides (eye drops tobramycin (Dilaterol, Tobrex), eye drops gentamicin);
• chloramphenicol eye drops (chloramphenicol (levomycetin));
• fluoroquinolones (Tsipromed eye drops (ciprofloxacin, Tsiprolet, Cifran, Ciloxan), ofloxacin eye drops (Floxal eye drops), levofloxacin eye drops (Signicef ​​eye drops)).

Eye drops, the active ingredient of which are sulfanilamide preparations, were introduced into ophthalmic practice much earlier and still retain their popularity.

The most popular drugs in this group include the well-known eye drops albucid (eye drops sulfacyl sodium, sulfacyl soluble, sulfacetamide, etc.).

Which antibacterial eye drops are best?

Antibacterial eye drops are selected individually, while the doctor focuses on the following factors:

• the age and general condition of the patient (the absence of contraindications to the appointment of the active substance of the eye drops);
• the expected tolerability of the drug;
• spectrum of antibacterial action of eye drops;
• presumed resistance of microflora to antibacterial drugs;
• compatibility of the drug with the medications taken by the patient;
• possible side effects when using eye drops;
• the availability of the drug for the patient (the price of eye drops, the availability of the drug in nearby pharmacies).

Despite the fact that modern medicine has a sufficient arsenal of antibacterial drugs, the choice of eye drops can be significantly narrowed if there are contraindications for age or health reasons. For example, many antibacterial eye drops are not prescribed to children in the first year of life, severe liver damage can become an obstacle to the appointment of sulfonamides, neuritis of the auditory nerve is a contraindication to the appointment of antibiotics from the aminoglycoside group, which are characterized by ototoxicity, etc.

Often, doctors refuse the drug due to the incompatibility of the active substance of the eye drops with other drugs that the patient is forced to use for concomitant diseases. For example, the combination of levomycetin eye drops with cimetidine, which reduces the acidity of gastric juice, increases the risk of developing aplastic anemia, so it is more rational to choose another drug.

In addition, doctors take into account the possibility of individual intolerance to the active substance of the eye drops. So, for example, albucid eye drops are not prescribed to patients who have experienced pathological reactions when using other sulfa drugs.

If there are no contraindications, when choosing antibacterial eye drops, the expected sensitivity of the infection to the drug is taken into account. So, for example, if there is reason to suspect that the infectious process is caused by a microflora that is insensitive to many antibiotics, then it is better to prescribe the latest drug with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, to which resistance has not yet developed in many strains of microorganisms.

If the choice is wide enough, pay attention to the likelihood of developing unpleasant side effects (some drugs cause pain and burning in the eyes more often than others), the cost of eye drops and their availability for the patient (availability in nearby pharmacies).

Antiseptic preparations have been used in scientific medicine for almost two centuries. Their task, in accordance with the name, is the disinfection of surfaces (skin, mucous membranes, wounds, burns, surgeon's hands, operating table, etc.).

Therefore, all antiseptics have the widest spectrum of action - they are active against bacteria, protozoa, fungi and many viruses. These substances are low allergenic, do not have a systemic effect and, therefore, have few contraindications from the general state of the body. However, the local aggressiveness of antiseptics significantly narrows the range of their application.

In ophthalmic practice, indications for the use of antiseptics are:

• inflammation of the eyelids (blepharitis, barley);
• conjunctivitis;
• inflammation of the cornea (keratitis);
• prevention of posttraumatic and postoperative complications.

Vitabact antiseptic eye drops, which are a 0.05% solution of picloxidine and Okomistin (0.01% solution of miramistin), are widely used.

Since the drugs have an exclusively local effect, they can be used by both adults, including pregnant and lactating mothers, and children, including newborns. The only contraindication to the appointment of antiseptic eye drops is hypersensitivity or allergic reactions.

In cases where the instillation of Vitabact or Okomistin eye drops causes unusually sharp pain, lacrimation, painful spasm of the eyelids, or, even worse, swelling of the tissues surrounding the eyes, the drug should be discontinued as unsuitable for your body.

According to the mechanism of action, all antiviral eye drops can be divided into two large groups: virucidal chemotherapeutic drugs (chemicals that destroy the virus), interferons (virus-killing substances of an immune nature) and immunomodulators (drugs that help the body provide adequate resistance to a viral infection).

To virucidal chemotherapy drugs topical use includes idoxuridine eye drops (Oftan Idu eye drops) used in adults and children with herpes infection of the cornea of ​​​​the eyes.

Oftan Idu eye drops have practically no contraindications, with the exception of individual intolerance to the drug. However, unpleasant side effects often occur in the form of a headache and a pronounced local reaction (burning, lacrimation, photophobia, painful spasm of the eyelids).

Oftan Ida eye drops are not prescribed together with glucocorticoid drugs, and during pregnancy they try to use only in cases where the expected benefit from the drops outweighs the risk of adverse effects on the fetus.

It should also be taken into account that virucidal agents are antimetabolites and significantly slow down the healing process of corneal defects left by the virus.

Antiviral eye drops from the group of interferons.

Interferons are natural low molecular weight proteins produced by cells that have antiviral, immunostimulatory and antitumor activity.

In ophthalmic practice, interferons are used to treat inflammation of the conjunctiva, cornea, and choroid caused by adenoviruses, herpes viruses, and herpes zoster.

So, interferon is part of the combined preparation eye drops oftalmoferon, the active ingredients of which are also the antiallergic agent diphenhydramine, the antiseptic boric acid and the polymer base, which acts as an "artificial tear".

Despite the "naturalness" of the action, interferons have their own contraindications. In particular, ophthalmoferon eye drops cannot be used for severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, for liver and kidney damage, for hematopoietic insufficiency (leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia), thyroid diseases and mental illness.

In addition, interferons can have an adverse effect on the fetus and infant, so ophthalmoferon eye drops are not prescribed during pregnancy and lactation.

As a rule, ophthalmoferon is well tolerated, but adverse side effects are also possible from a flu-like syndrome (headache, chills, fever, weakness, body aches) to convulsions and hallucinations. It should be noted that all of these symptoms completely disappear after discontinuation of the drug.

The mechanism of the antiviral action of interferon inducers is to stimulate the body's natural defenses, leading to the activation of cellular immunity and an increase in the production of antibodies against viral agents.

In ophthalmic practice, interferon inducers are represented by eye drops Poludan (polyadenylic and polyuridylic acid) and Aktipol (aminobenzoic acid), which are prescribed for lesions of the organ of vision caused by adenovirus and herpetic infection.

Antiviral eye drops from the group of interferon inducers should not be used during pregnancy and lactation, as well as in the presence of severe disorders of the liver and kidneys. Since Aktipol eye drops and

Poludan are direct immunostimulants, they are contraindicated in patients with autoimmune diseases.

When using Aktipol and Poludan eye drops, the following side effects may occur:

• fever, joint pain;
• decrease in blood pressure;
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
• oppression of hematopoiesis (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia);
• allergic reactions.

In case of poor tolerance, it is recommended to cancel the drug to normalize the state of the body.

Almost everyone has an eye mite (demodex). If you pull out a few cilia and look at them under a microscope, then a couple of mites can be seen with your own eyes. Their number increases if immunity decreases. As a consequence of their vital activity, allergies, redness and thickening of the eyelids appear.

How to treat demodicosis of the eye

To get rid of eye demodicosis, you must, firstly, wash your face with baby soap once a day, excluding the eye area. Then, with clean hands, begin to massage the upper and lower eyelids towards the eyelashes. Do this for 1.5-2 minutes. Then treat the edges of the eyelids with alcohol and ether, a special ointment and instill alkaline drops.

Many believe that the tick is incurable. But medical practice shows that all sick people cope with the tick - provided that they massage the eyelids and this force the tick out. Unfortunately, very often the doctor does not warn about the need for this procedure, and if he prescribes it, the patient himself is not patient enough and quits this activity on the second or third day, limiting himself only to rubbing, ointment and drops.

As for castor oil, it is still prescribed by doctors of the old school (even in this regard, calendula tincture was popular at one time). A match with cotton wool is taken, dipped in calendula or oil and the eyelid is wiped. We always recommend alcohol with ether, because the tick dies well from ether - ether vapors penetrate into the glands in the eyelids where the tick is hiding. In any case, you must remember that you will never get rid of the tick if you do not massage the eyelids. Only in this case, all other treatment will make sense.

The invention relates to medicine, namely to ophthalmology. The essence of the invention consists in the treatment of eye diseases by introducing into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, as well as injecting the patient with a drug in the form of an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Eye ointment and eye drops contain alkali salts or a mixture of alkali salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. In this case, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are chosen as the alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and as a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione is used composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture of these salts. The method and drugs provide the effectiveness of treatment and the possibility of reducing the duration of treatment. 3 n. and 13 z.p. f-ly.

The invention relates to medicine, namely to ophthalmology, and can be used for the treatment and prevention of eye diseases of various nosologies.

A known method for the treatment of eye diseases, including the introduction to the patient of the drug "Sulfacyl-sodium" by or / and instillation into the conjunctival sac of the eye 1-2 drops 3 times a day (10-30)% aqueous solution of the drug, or / and lubrication of the affected organ with the appropriate ointment composition, or / and powdering, for example, the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye with the powder of this drug, as well as its ingestion (see, for example, M.D. Mashkovsky “Medications”. Ed. “Medicine”, M., 1985, t .2, pp. 281-282).

The known method is used in the treatment of conjunctivitis, blepharitis, purulent ulceration of the cornea, as well as gonorrheal diseases of the eyes of newborns and adults and other infectious diseases of the eye. However, such treatment is not indicated for patients with toxic-allergic reactions to sulfonamides, with diseases of the hematopoietic system and uremia.

The closest analogue of the prototype is a method for the treatment of eye diseases, including the introduction of a drug containing salts (iodides) of alkali metals potassium - "Potassium iodide" or sodium - "Sodium iodide" by instillation into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye 1 drop 3 times a day 3% aqueous solution of the drug (see, for example, M. D. Mashkovsky “Drugs”, Ed. “Medicine”, M, 1985, vol. 2, pp. 132-133).

This method is used in the treatment of cataracts, with late syphilitic changes in the optic nerve (sodium iodide) and other eye diseases, but it is contraindicated in idiosyncrasy to iodine.

Known eye drops, made in the form of (10-30)% aqueous solution of the drug "Sulfatsil-sodium" (see, for example, M.D. Mashkovsky "Drugs", Ed. "Medicine", M., 1985, t .2, pp. 281-282).

These drops are used to treat conjunctivitis, blepharitis, purulent ulceration of the cornea, as well as gonorrheal diseases of the eyes of newborns and adults and other infectious diseases of the eye. However, they are contraindicated in patients with toxic-allergic reactions to sulfonamides, with diseases of the hematopoietic system and uremia, and in addition, the use of these drops in the form of more concentrated solutions causes tissue irritation.

The closest analogue of the prototype are eye drops containing a 3% aqueous solution of a salt (iodide) of alkali metals potassium - "Potassium iodide" or sodium - "Sodium iodide" (see, for example, M. D. Mashkovsky "Medications". Ed. "Medicine", M., 1985, vol. 2, pp. 132-133).

These drops are used in the treatment of cataracts and other eye diseases, but they are contraindicated in idiosyncrasy to iodine.

Known ointment containing (10-30)% of the drug "Sulfatsil-sodium" on the basis of the ointment (see, for example, M. D. Mashkovsky "Drugs". Ed. "Medicine", M., 1985, vol. 2 , pp. 281-282).

This ointment is used to treat conjunctivitis, blepharitis, purulent ulceration of the cornea, as well as gonorrheal diseases of the eyes of newborns and adults and other infectious diseases of the eye. However, its use is contraindicated in patients with toxic-allergic reactions to sulfonamides, with diseases of the hematopoietic system and uremia.

The closest prototype analogue is 0.5% hydrocortisone eye ointment (Unguentum hydrocortisone acetates 0.5%), 2.5 g of which contains 0.0125 g of hydrocortisone acetate and 0.005 g of chloramphenicol (chloramphenicol) (see, for example, M .D.Mashkovsky “Drugs”, Publishing house “Medicine”, M., 1985, v.1, p.569).

This ointment is used to treat conjunctivitis, blepharitis, iritis, keratitis, etc., but it is contraindicated in viral and fungal eye diseases and eye tuberculosis.

The present invention solves the problem of obtaining a method for the treatment of a spectrum of eye diseases, as well as eye drops and eye ointment for the implementation of this method without limiting their use due to any contraindications.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a method for the treatment of eye diseases, including the introduction of a drug in the form of an alkaline salt into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, a course of injection of the patient is also carried out during the treatment, while the drug is administered (1-5) times a day, the injection course is carried out containing (10-25) injections, and the injections are carried out (1-2) times a day or 1 time every other day, and for injections using an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1 ,4-phthalazinedione, while a single dose for injection is chosen in the amount of (20-2000) mg of an alkaline salt or, respectively, a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione per (1-10) ml of water for injection.

In this case, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are chosen as the alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and as a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione is used composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

In addition, when choosing as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection of the lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injecting or for injection, either lithium or sodium, or potassium or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium , or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione.

At the same time, when choosing as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection of the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injecting or for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, either sodium or lithium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture, or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2, 3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

When choosing as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection of the potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injecting or for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, either potassium or lithium is selected. , or sodium or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture, or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3 -dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

When choosing as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection of the calcium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected or for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, either calcium or lithium is selected. , or sodium or potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture, or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3 -dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

In this case, the introduction of a drug into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye is carried out either/and by instillation of appropriate eye drops, or/and lubrication of the conjunctiva with an appropriate eye ointment, or/and powdering the cornea of ​​the eye with the powder of the drug.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in eye drops containing an aqueous solution of alkaline salts, an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione is used, with the following ratio of components vol.%: alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione - 0.1-10.0; water is the rest.

At the same time, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are used as an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and a mixture of alkaline salts is chosen as composed, for example, at equal the ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the eye ointment containing the drug in the form of an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione on an ointment basis also includes a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, and the ointment base is made in the form of, for example, medical vaseline, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or a mixture of alkaline salts 5 -amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione - 1.0-50.0; medical vaseline - the rest.

At the same time, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are used in it as an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and a mixture of alkaline salts is chosen as composed, for example, at equal the ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

In addition, when powdering the cornea of ​​​​the eye, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or a mixture of all these salts, or from part these salts.

At the same time, when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, the lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops , as part of an eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

At the same time, when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, either sodium, or lithium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium , or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

At the same time, when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​​​the eye, the potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, in the composition of the eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, either potassium, or lithium, or sodium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

In addition, when choosing either for injection, or the composition of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, the calcium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, in the composition of eye drops , as part of an eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, either calcium, or lithium, or sodium, or potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

Studies have shown that this method of treating eye diseases due to the bifurcation activity of the drug used in inflammatory processes selectively, for several hours, inhibits the activity of macrophages, reducing the level of TNF and acute phase proteins, respectively, which leads to smoothing out the symptoms of intoxication. At the same time, there is also an activation of the superoxide-forming function and phagocytic activity of neutrophilic granulocytes and a corresponding enhancement of the microbicidal system of cells and relief of the inflammatory process.

With a weak reaction of cellular immunity, for example, in the presence of malignant neoplasms, the proposed method of treatment by administering an alkaline salt drug or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione provides the release of TNF (tumor necrosis factor), interleukins and other acute-phase proteins, which indicates the activation of macrophages. At the same time, T-lymphocytes also react specifically to the administration of the drug.

Studies have shown that a drug administered to a patient in the form of injections or otherwise in the form of an alkaline (for example, lithium or sodium, or potassium, or calcium) salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione (chemical formula respectively - C 8 H 6 N 3 O 2 Li, or C 8 H 6 N 3 O 2 Na or C 8 H 6 N 3 O 2 K or (C 8 H 6 N 3 O 2) 2 Ca) or mixtures of these alkaline salts, this salt (mixtures of salts) is divided into metal cations (respectively Li +, Na + K + or Ca +) and anions of 5-amino-3-hydro-1,4-phthalazinedione (respectively C 8 H 6 N 3 O - 2 ). At the same time, cations fill the corresponding needs of the body, and anions, interacting, for example, with blood plasma, decompose with the release of carbon, atomic oxygen, nitrogen, and also a hydroxyl group (OH). Then oxygen and nitrogen are restored, thereby setting the antioxidant activity, and hydroxyl groups interact with carbon, transferring acid-base balance from the state of acidosis to the alkaline side.

In addition, due to the presence of the chemiluminescent properties of luminol, on the basis of which the drug is formed, during oxidative reactions with luminol (with the anion of 5-amino-3-hydro-1,4-phthalazinedione), light energy is emitted (see also, for example, http :// www.gpo.ucop.edu, Briheim et al., 1984), and when interacting with albumin, an increase in the intensity of chemiluminescence is observed, proportional to the increase in albumin concentration (see ibid., Buturlakin et al, 1975).

The conducted studies have shown that the radiation of light energy during chemiluminescence is perceived by the cells of the body, and the quanta of light energy emitted in this case participate in the exchange mechanism as an energy replenishment that contributes to the exchange process.

Studies have also shown that in the case of an altered state of the cell membrane (cytoplasm) (which is a consequence of many diseases), the introduction of an alkali salt drug or a mixture of these luminol salts brings the membrane back to normal, normalizes and regulates intra- and intercellular metabolic processes and, accordingly, normalizes metabolism.

The invention is confirmed by examples.

Patient S., 18 years old.

Complaints about rapid eye fatigue when reading and working with a computer, a feeling of sand in the eyes.

When treated, redness of the conjunctiva, mucus.

Diagnosis: chronic conjunctivitis.

A course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 10 days, intramuscular injections of sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg per 1 ml of water for injection, as well as instillation into the eyes of eye drops containing 2% aqueous solution of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione sodium salt, one drop each in the morning and afternoon and lubrication of the conjunctiva at bedtime with an eye ointment containing 5% 5-amino-2,3-dihydro sodium salt -1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course of treatment, the condition is satisfactory, it is recommended to instill for 7 days once in the morning eye drops containing a 5% aqueous solution of the mixture in equal proportions of sodium and potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

Patient G., graduate student, 23 years old.

Complaints of itching in the eyes, photophobia, fatigue when reading.

When treated - redness and ulceration of the edges of the eyelids, mucus.

History of recent shingles.

Diagnosis: ulcerative blepharitis.

A course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 10 days, intramuscular injections with a mixture of lithium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 150 mg (in a ratio of lithium and sodium salts 1:2) for 2 ml of water for injection, as well as lubricating the conjunctiva in the morning and evening with an eye ointment, including 10% potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and powdering the cornea before bed with powder of 5-amino-2 calcium salt, 3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course - positive dynamics, satisfactory condition, continued for 5 days of procedures for lubricating the conjunctiva with an eye ointment of the previous composition and powdering the cornea of ​​​​the eye, but with the appropriate potassium salt.

Two weeks after the start of treatment, there was no ulceration and redness of the eyelids, no itching, and fatigue when working with books somewhat decreased. However, when working with a computer for a long time, redness of the eyelids appears.

Patient E., 20 years old.

Complaints of itching in the eyes during and after wearing contact lenses.

When treated, inflammation of the cornea of ​​​​the eyes and presumably the iris of the left eye.

Diagnosis: conjunctivitis, iridocyte.

The course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 7 days injections: intraocular - lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 50 mg per 1 ml of water for injection and intramuscularly - a mixture of lithium and sodium salts 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg (in the ratio of lithium and sodium salts 1:1) per 1 ml of water for injection, as well as lubrication in the morning and evening of the conjunctiva with an eye ointment, including 5 % potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course, the condition is satisfactory, it is prescribed to continue lubricating the conjunctiva in the morning and evening with an eye ointment containing 5% potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione for 5 days.

When examined after two weeks, the cornea is transparent, iridescent clean, the condition is satisfactory.

Patient Z., 52 years old.

Complaints of blurred vision, cramps after an eye injury caused by hydrochloric acid in the eyes.

On treatment, inflammation of the cornea of ​​both eyes, partial clouding with slight ulceration of the cornea of ​​the left eye.

Diagnosis: keratitis.

The course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 12 days injections:

intraocular, in both eyes - with a mixture of lithium and potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg (in an equal (1:1) ratio of lithium and potassium salts) per 1 ml of water for injections and intramuscularly with a mixture (in equal proportions) of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 200 mg per 2 ml of water for injection, as well as lubrication (3-4) times a day of the conjunctiva with 15% eye ointment, including a mixture in equal proportions of lithium, potassium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione and powdering the cornea of ​​​​the eyes at night with a powder containing a mixture of potassium and calcium salts 5 -amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course, positive dynamics, satisfactory condition, eye drops containing a 10% aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium and potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione were prescribed, it was recommended to continue the procedures for lubricating the conjunctiva with eye ointment of the previous composition and powdering the cornea of ​​​​the eye, but with the appropriate potassium salt.

3 weeks after the start of treatment, the corneas are clean, there is no inflammation or ulceration, it is recommended to continue lubricating the conjunctiva in the morning and evening with an eye ointment containing 2% sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione for 5 days.

Patient U., 64 years old.

During medical examination, partial opacification was found in the peripheral parts of the lens of the left eye. In addition, when reading headaches, “flies” periodically appear before the eyes.

Diagnosis: immature cataract of the left eye, complicated by inflammation of the choroid.

The course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 10 days injections:

intraocular, in both eyes - with a mixture of lithium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg (in an equal ratio of lithium and sodium salts) per 1 ml of water for injection and intramuscularly with a mixture ( in equal proportions) lithium, sodium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 150 mg per 2 ml of water for injection, as well as lubrication (2-3) times a day of the conjunctiva 15 % eye ointment, including a mixture in equal proportions of lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course - positive dynamics, areas of turbidity are practically absent, headaches have stopped, the condition is satisfactory.

Eye drops containing a 5% aqueous solution of a mixture in equal proportions of sodium and potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione were prescribed for 7 days once, in the morning, and continued for ( 7-10) days of the procedure for lubricating the conjunctiva with eye ointment of the previous composition.

Patient C., 75 years old.

Complaints of pain in the left eye, blurred vision.

She has a history of cataract extraction in this eye with intraocular lens implantation.

During treatment, a partial clouding of the lens of the right eye was found. Eye pressure in the right eye 24, in the left - 27 mm Hg.

Diagnosis: primary glaucoma.

The course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 10 days, injections: intraocular, in both eyes - with a mixture of lithium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg (in an equal ratio of lithium and sodium salts) per 1 ml of water for injection and intramuscularly with a mixture (in equal proportions) of lithium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 150 mg per 2 ml of water for injection, as well as instillation into the conjunctiva of each eye eye drops containing a 5% aqueous solution of the mixture in equal proportions of lithium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course - positive dynamics, areas of clouding are practically absent, eye pressure in the right eye 18, in the left 20 mm Hg. headaches have stopped, the condition is satisfactory.

CLAIM

1. A method for the treatment of eye diseases, including the introduction of a drug in the form of an alkaline salt into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, characterized in that during the treatment, a course of injection of the patient is also carried out, while the drug is administered 1-5 times a day, the injection course contains 10 -25 injections, and injections are carried out 1-2 times a day or 1 time every other day, and an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione is used for injections, while a single dose for injections are selected in the amount of 20-2000 mg of an alkaline salt or, respectively, a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amico-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione per 1-10 ml of water for injection.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are chosen, and as a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, a compound is used, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture, either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium , or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4- phthalazinedione.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when choosing as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection of lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injecting or for injection, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture, or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when choosing as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection of sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injecting or for introduction into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, either sodium, or lithium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when choosing as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection of potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injecting or for introduction into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, either potassium, or lithium, or sodium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when choosing as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection of calcium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injecting or for introduction into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, either calcium, or lithium, or sodium, or potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the introduction into the conjunctival sac of the eye of the patient of the drug is carried out either / and by instillation of appropriate eye drops, or / and lubrication of the conjunctiva with an appropriate eye ointment, or / and dusting the cornea of ​​​​the eye with powder medicinal product.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that when powdering the cornea of ​​​​the eye, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or composed , for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, the lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4 -phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the constituents of a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazindione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, either sodium, or lithium, potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4- phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium , sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, either potassium, or lithium, or sodium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4 -phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the constituents of a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, calcium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, either calcium, or lithium, or sodium, or potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4 -phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the constituents of a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

13. Eye drops containing an aqueous solution of alkaline salts, characterized in that they use an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in the following ratio of components, vol%: alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione - 0.1-10.0; water is the rest.

14. Eye drops according to claim 13, characterized in that they use the corresponding or lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts as the alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and as a mixture of alkaline salts, a mixture composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

15. Eye ointment containing a drug in the form of an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione on an ointment basis, characterized in that it also includes a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, and the ointment base is made in the form of, for example, medical vaseline, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or a mixture of alkaline salts 5 -amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione - 1.0-50.0; medical vaseline - the rest.

16. Eye ointment according to claim 15, characterized in that, as an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, it uses the corresponding or lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts, and as a mixture of alkaline salts, a mixture composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

Favorite localization of the tick - eyelids, facial skin, superciliary arches, forehead, nasolabial folds and chin, external auditory canal. The waste products of the tick contribute to the allergization of the body, the development of Acne rosacea on the face, seborrhea; cause specific eye damage - demodectic blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis. The disease is chronic with seasonal exacerbations in spring and autumn.

The clinical picture of demodicosis is mainly recorded in persons with a weakened immune system, ametropia and metabolic disorders, often in old age. It occurs in children with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, uncorrected refractive pathology (farsightedness).

Symptoms and manifestations of demodicosis

Symptoms and manifestations (eye fatigue, itching, swelling, hyperemia of the edges of the eyelids, the appearance of scales at the roots of the eyelashes for a long time) and a high degree of invasiveness (contagiousness of others) make it possible to detect demodicosis already during a visual examination. The appearance of the affected eyelid is characteristic: plaque along the edge of the eyelids, cilia stuck together, surrounded by crusts in the form of a clutch. History: frequent styes, eyelash loss, recurrent acne, psoriasis. Laboratory research is extremely simple, does not require special training and is possible in the presence of the patient right in the office. 8 eyelashes are taken from each eye: four from the upper eyelid, four from the lower eyelid. They are placed on a glass slide in a drop of an alkaline solution or a mixture of 1 ml of glycerol and 9 ml of saline; covered with a cover slip and viewed under a microscope. Such a study makes it possible to quickly diagnose.

Treatment of demodicosis

The treatment is long, effective only with strict observance of personal hygiene measures (the possibility of repeated self-infection).

After preliminary cleansing of the eyelids and eyelashes from crusts with alcohol-containing tinctures of calendula or eucalyptus (twice with an interval of 15 minutes), “demalan” (“demalon”) ointment is applied to the edges of the eyelids 2 times a day (or 1 time at night). A similar treatment is carried out for other itchy areas of the skin of the face, not forgetting the eyebrows and the external auditory canal. "Demalan" is considered the most effective and well-studied drug for the etiotropic treatment of demodicosis.

Waste products of ticks contribute to human allergization. To relieve local toxic-allergic reactions, it is advisable to use the "prenacid" ointment (lubricating the edges of the eyelids twice a day for 5-7 days) or instillation of microdoses of corticosteroids (6-8 times a day). In the presence of purulent blepharoconjunctivitis / blepharitis, eye ointment and drops of "colbiocin" or "eubetal-antibiotic" are recommended (4 times a day for 10 days). In the presence of scaly blepharitis, a preliminary 2-3 day toilet of the edges of the eyelids is recommended. The effectiveness of drug treatment increases with physiotherapy: eyelid massage, magnetotherapy, ozone therapy (10 procedures per course daily or every other day).

In the complex pathogenetic therapy of allergic conjunctivitis, scaly blepharitis, drops and ointment "prenacid" are used, with purulent blepharoconjunctivitis - "colbiocin". In the treatment of combined infectious-allergic lesions of the eyelids and conjunctiva (in the absence of ophthalmic herpes!) Eubetal-antibiotic ointment is highly effective. In 10% of cases, relapses are observed, more often due to interruption of the course of treatment.

Etiotropic therapy

Traditional appointments

Ointment "Demalan"- lubrication of the edges of the eyelids twice a day for 45 days (with the development of allergic reactions to the components of the ointment, temporarily cancel the etiotropic treatment).

Ointment "Demalan"+ ointment "Prenacid"- in a ratio of 1:1 - lubrication of the edges of the eyelids twice a day for 25 days.

local and systemic

Local therapy

Treatment of the edges of the eyelids with alcohol solutions of herbs (tincture of calendula, eucalyptus) or 70% alcohol solution with ether + treatment of the skin in the area: eyebrows, forehead, wings of the nose, chin, external auditory canal - twice with an interval of 15 minutes (before ointments!).

Ointment "Prenacid"– allergic blepharoconjunctivitis, blepharitis;

"Kolbiotsin", "Eubetal-antibiotic"(eye drops and ointment) - purulent blepharoconjunctivitis, blepharitis.

Local physiotherapy

Eyelid massage, ozone therapy (locally), magnetotherapy (against the background of ongoing drug therapy)

Combined treatment of dysbacteriosis (polyvalent strepto/staphylococcal bacteriophage; nystatin, etc.).

Spectacle correction of refractive pathology (especially in children with hypermetropia).

Systemic therapy

Correction of immunological and metabolic disorders.
- Treatment of chronic gastroduodenitis and cholecysto-pancreatitis (anamnestic - in 80% of the examined),
- Treatment of chronic lung diseases;

Prevention of infection (repeated self-infection)

Treatment of demodicosis of the eyelids should be carried out simultaneously with the treatment of demodicosis of the face.

To remove the waste products of mites, it is recommended to supplement the procedures of morning and evening face washing with antibacterial soap with self-massage of the eyelids (with wet fingers for 1-2 minutes).

In order to avoid re-infection during the treatment period, it is recommended:

For the toilet of the eyelids and washing the face, use disposable wipes,
- daily iron pillowcases and towels;
- carry out regular sanitization of glasses, razors, incl. cases;
- wash or clean other personal items (gloves, scarves, hats, motorcycle helmets) in contact with the skin of the face;
- for women, exclude cosmetics, eliminate cosmetics contaminated with ticks;
- children can become infected after contact with infected objects.

Until complete recovery, limit contact (face to face) with loved ones.

Not recommended during treatment: drinking alcohol and spicy food, visiting baths and swimming pools, prolonged exposure to the sun, hypothermia, chronic overwork, increased visual load (including a computer).

Etiotropic therapy

Alternative appointments

Spray can "Spregal"- lubrication of the edges of the eyelids with a swab (!), Soaked in medicine, is permissible only by an ophthalmologist.

Complex pathogenetic therapy

local and systemic

Local therapy

With scaly blepharitis, it is advisable to preliminarily toilet the eyelids with antiseptic solutions (furacillin, KMnO4, boric acid) with the application of a vaseline bandage binocularly for 2-3 days at night.

The use of Corvalol or Valocordin for the treatment of the edges of the eyelids is limited (burning); you can use 5% aqueous solution of novocaine, 35-30% aqueous solution "Dimexide";