When mildronate begins to act after taking. Mildronate is dangerous

Mildronate is a drug that improves metabolism and provides energy at the tissue and cellular level in all organs. Mildronate is used to eliminate the lack of energy and accelerate metabolism in tissues in various chronic diseases and functional disorders, such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial dystrophy, retinopathy, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, reduced mental and physical performance, overstrain and circulatory disorders in the brain and retina.

Names, forms of release, composition and dosage of Mildronate

The composition of all three dosage forms of Mildronate includes the same active substance - meldonium. This active ingredient is also called mildronate or trimethylhydrazinium propionate dihydrate. In some instructions for use attached to the drug, the name of the active substance (INN) is meldonium, in others - mildronate, and in the third - trimethylhydrazinium propionate dihydrate. However, in all cases we are talking about the same chemical substance, which is denoted by different names.

Mildronate capsules contain gelatin, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, calcium stearate and potato starch as excipients. The solution for injection does not contain any excipients, since it contains only meldonium and purified water. Mildronate syrup contains the following excipients:

• Methyl parahydroxybenzoate;
• Propyl parahydroxybenzoate;
• propylene glycol;
• Glycerol;
• Citric acid monohydrate;
• cherry essence;
• Allura Red dye (E129);
• Dye Brilliant Black BN (E151);

Mildronate capsules are often called pills. However, since the drug does not have such a dosage form, the term "tablets" means a variety of Mildronate for oral administration, and these are capsules. Therefore, in this case, capsules = tablets. To indicate the required dosage of capsules, short names are usually used, such as Mildronate 250 and Mildronate 500, where the figure corresponds to the dose of the active substance. To refer to a solution for injection in everyday life, short forms of names are often used, such as Mildronate injections and Mildronate ampoules.

Therapeutic action of Mildronate

• Cardioprotective action – protection of heart cells from negative influences and improvement of their viability;
• Antianginal action - a decrease in the oxygen demand of myocardial cells (due to this effect, even a small amount of oxygen supplied under ischemia is enough for myocardial cells, which reduces the severity of pain, reduces the frequency of angina attacks and increases the tolerance of physical and emotional stress);
• Antihypoxic action - reducing the negative impact of oxygen deficiency;
• Angioprotective action - protection and ensuring the integrity of the walls of blood vessels;
• Tonic action.

In the heart muscle, brain and retina, Mildronate redistributes blood flow and directs more blood to those areas that experience oxygen deficiency, that is, they function under ischemia. Thus, an optimal blood supply is achieved, in which all parts of an organ or tissue, including those suffering from ischemia, receive a sufficient amount of oxygen and nutrients.

At increased loads, Mildronate provides a balance between the needs of cells for oxygen and its actual delivery with blood, that is, it creates functioning conditions under which oxygen is always sufficient. In addition, Mildronate accelerates the removal of toxic metabolic products from cells and protects them from damage.

When using Mildronate a few hours after myocardial infarction, the drug slows down the formation of a zone of tissue necrosis and makes the rehabilitation period much shorter. With coronary heart disease and heart failure, Mildronate increases the strength of myocardial contractions, improves exercise tolerance and reduces the frequency of angina attacks.

In acute and chronic disorders of cerebral circulation, Mildronate improves the blood supply to the area that is ischemic, that is, experiencing oxygen starvation. This effect is achieved due to the redistribution of blood flow in favor of the area of ​​the brain that is deficient in oxygen.

With alcohol withdrawal and in people with alcoholism, Mildronate eliminates functional disorders in the nervous system (relieves tremor, normalizes memory, attention, reaction speed, etc.).

Against the background of the use of the drug, the body of a healthy person becomes able to withstand high loads and restore its energy reserves in a short time. In addition, Mildronate in healthy people increases efficiency and relieves symptoms of mental and physical overstrain.

Mildronate - indications for use

• Ischemic heart disease (as part of complex treatment);
• Angina pectoris (as part of complex treatment);
• Myocardial infarction (as part of complex treatment);
• Chronic heart failure;
• Pain in the heart with myocardial dystrophy;
• Dishormonal cardiomyopathy (myocardial dystrophy);
• Functional disorders of the cardiovascular system in adolescents;
• Myocardial dystrophy in adolescents;
• Neurocirculatory dystonia in adolescents;
• Acute and chronic circulatory disorders of the brain (strokes, cerebrovascular insufficiency);
• Violation of blood circulation in the retina of the eye;
• Hemophthalmos (injection solution only);
• Hemorrhages in the retina of the eye (only solution for injection);
• Thrombosis of the central retinal vein or its branches (injection solution only);
• Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy (injection solution only);
• Bronchial asthma (as part of complex therapy);
• Chronic bronchitis (as part of complex therapy);
• Alcohol withdrawal (as part of complex treatment);
• Chronic alcoholism (as part of complex treatment);
• Low mental and physical performance;
• Physical overstrain and overwork;
• Postoperative period after any surgical intervention.

• For quick recovery after high loads in training and competitions;
• overtraining;
• Low performance.

Meldonium(trade name Mildron t) is one of the most discussed drugs in professional sports. It is the subject of numerous discussions. According to some reports, from sources close to the Ministry of Defense, it is said that this tool was originally invented for the military industry, and was also used by soldiers during hostilities. Later, like many other drugs, it began to be used on animals.

The main quality that meldonium possessed, and, in fact, because of which it began to be used in this area, is a cytoprotective and metabolic effect. Similar drugs were used to correct and restore the functional state of the myocardium, as well as to accelerate the growth of livestock and poultry.

According to the author himself, the possibility of using meldonium as a raw material for the production of plastics based on linear synthetic high-molecular compounds was considered. But few people know about this. To date, many who have heard of this drug associate it far from being cattle, poultry, or military means to increase concentration and endurance. For most people, immediately there is an association with prohibited substances - doping. But is meldonium really such an effective remedy to be under such close scrutiny by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)?

In this article, we will understand in detail what meldonium is, what positive and negative effects the drug has, we will analyze its need in the sports field, and why professional athletes take it. In addition, we will tell about the history of the creation of mildronate.

Meldonium - the history of the creation of the drug, general data

Mid-70s of the last century, Institute of Organic Synthesis at the Academy of Sciences of the Latvian USSR. Professor Ivars Kalvins, working on his dissertation in the field of chemistry, synthesizes meldonium for the first time. The inventor himself claims that the idea of ​​synthesizing meldonium arose in the process of working on the disposal of fuel for rocket engines. The fact is that unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine ( UDMH) loses its properties and the concentration of the active substance by 1% in 2 years, for this reason, the fuel turns into ordinary waste that cannot be used for its intended purpose.

Another area of ​​use for meldonium has been warfare, as mentioned earlier. At that time, the Cold War was in full swing. And the soldiers needed a drug that would increase their mental and physical endurance in extreme conditions. Whatever happened in reality, the Soviet military received mildronat at their disposal and used it already during the fighting in Afghanistan. For peaceful purposes, the drug was first used as a drug that strengthens the heart in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. In 1976, mildronate was registered in the USSR, and in 1984 a US patent was obtained (but a few years later, this remedy was excluded and banned for use in the country). According to official sources, only since 1984, mildronate was allowed to be used in medicine, and after that clinical trials were conducted in the Soviet Union. So, dear readers, you will draw your own conclusions, why and for what, in fact, Ivars Kalvins synthesized meldonium for the first time. But, at least it is strange that the military began to use mildronate long before its official clinical trials.

Application in medicine

Sufficiently extensive use mildronat finds in classical medicine. It is prescribed for various diseases and disorders. But the main object of treatment with mildronate is the cardiovascular system. The principle of action of meldonium is based on one main mechanism, from which its other very different properties already follow. Intrigued? What kind of property is it that mildronat is now being bought in pharmacies? I will not quote the instructions, you can read it without me. I'll say it in clear words mildronate reduces the synthesis of carnitine(yes, this is the same fat burning supplement) and transport of fatty acids, and also prevents the accumulation in cells of unoxidized fatty acids that interfere with delivery ATP. And what does it all mean? What kind of nonsense? It seems to be on the contrary bad that the body does not use fatty acids. But, it should be remembered that meldonium has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. Cardiac muscle cells produce energy from fatty acids and from glucose, in an approximate ratio of 7 to 3, respectively. Since mildronate acts as an inhibitor, it makes it possible to change this ratio and use mainly energy from glucose. The drug restructures the metabolism of cells and thus improves, first of all, the energy supply of heart cells. Thus, helping the heart to better cope with stress, without clogging it. That is, while taking mildronate, the following changes occur in the body:

• improves the energy exchange of body cells,
• the release of harmful enzymes in the body stops,
• the speed of the processes that are useful for us increases (metabolism of carbohydrates, etc.),
• reactions that are harmful to our body are reduced and slowed down.

A study conducted in 2005 showed that meldonium, in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE inhibitor) an inhibitor called LISINOPRIL, improves a person's ability to endure heavy physical exertion, and also improves peripheral circulation in people with chronic heart failure.

A Chinese group of researchers tested meldonium and its efficacy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, finding it most useful as a vasodilator commonly used to treat acute cerebral infarction.

In some countries, including Latvia, Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Moldova and Kyrgyzstan, meldonium is used to treat problems with blood circulation in the brain. It was found that the drug has a positive effect on raising the mood and improves motor symptoms, reduces the symptoms of dizziness and nausea. Also, it was found meldonium has a beneficial effect on patients with stage II-III alcoholism during alcohol withdrawal(reduction or cessation of alcohol intake by a person).

Contraindications

Like any other medicine, Mildronate should not be taken without close supervision by the attending physician. You can not go to the pharmacy to buy this drug on your own. In addition, the substance is contraindicated in children under 18 years of age, as well as pregnant women and mothers during lactation periods.

Also, it can not be used for violations of the venous outflow of blood, intracranial tumors and hypersensitivity directly to the drug. It is necessary to be careful when using meldonium if there are any problems with the liver and kidneys. Again, you should always consult a doctor, take the necessary tests to find out if there are any genetic or physical abnormalities, the presence of which may adversely affect a person's health when using the substance.

Application in sports

It was the beneficial effect on the cells of the body during the period of oxygen deficiency that first of all attracted athletes to the use of mildronate. It is known that Soviet and later Russian athletes used mildronate as a dietary supplement, and nothing more. As a tonic. It really improves the psycho-emotional state, at least subjectively. Meldonium was used mainly for the speedy recovery after the hardest loads, as it has the property of increasing energy metabolism in cells. I must say right away that it is not effective for gaining muscle mass. But for all athletes, it is useful in that it allows you to do your best in training and, due to this, achieve great results. Mildronate can also protect against overtraining and apathy. And yet I repeat, it has the main effect on the cardiovascular system and the brain, it accelerates the transmission of nervous excitation. This property is useful, first of all, in sports where a high concentration of attention is required. It is used mainly in cyclic sports where endurance plays an important role and support for the heart muscle is required.

The benefits and harms of meldonium

Like any medical drug, meldonium has its own beneficial and negative properties that you need to know about. We will talk about this now.

Benefit

Of course, this is a very useful drug. Many thanks to its creator, Ivars Kalvins. During its history, meldonium has helped many people, both in everyday life and in sports. Mildronate is effectively used for strokes, diabetes and many other serious diseases. Many athletes owe him their unharmed nerves and impeccable reaction. And how many meldonium saved from overwork, allowing them to go to training, complete the exercise, perhaps their subsequent performances depended on this. Mildronate does not have any destructive effects on the body, unlike really doping drugs. It helps athletes train harder, which allows them to achieve better results. Protects athletes from stress. Helps the functioning of the cardiovascular system in extreme conditions of extreme loads. Even according to the infamous Russian tennis player Maria Sharapova, for many years she used meldonium not as a doping drug, but as a substance that her doctor prescribed to maintain physical activity and combat all sorts of health problems caused by the athlete’s genetic predisposition. That is, she used it exclusively for therapeutic purposes.

Harm

Of course, like all good things, there must be a downside. The main disadvantage, in my opinion, is that meldonium is addictive. Not in the literal sense of course, from him there is no breaking and craving for him. An athlete who has been accustomed to using the drug for a long time, after stopping its use, may experience a subjective feeling of unpreparedness. That is, the state during the use of mildronate was significantly better, and after the cessation of its use, something is missing. This can affect the results and the psycho-emotional state of the athletes. Like all medicines, meldonium can have side effects. Let's list them:

• indigestion,
• increased heart rate,
• increase or decrease in blood pressure,
• itching and other allergic reactions are possible.

The drug is contraindicated in people with high sensitivity to meldonium, people with intracranial tumors, people with impaired venous flow. For the entire period of use of the drug, data on the harmful effects on health have been reported.

Opinion about the substance

The opinions of all experts boil down to the fact that mildronate is a fairly safe and useful drug. I agree with the position of the majority in this case. This is a truly worthwhile tonic and metabolic agent that allows you to protect the cells of the body from destruction during stressful loads. Mildronate has proved its effective influence both on patients with various diseases and on athletes. But it is important to understand that mildronate is not a panacea, it is not able to give a lasting effect. It is rather a symptomatic remedy when it is temporarily necessary to increase the efficiency of the body. I hope, dear reader, that this information is enough for you to form your own opinion about meldonium.

Execution cannot be pardoned! When did it all start?

For those who are not in the know or have forgotten, let me remind you how the situation around the inclusion of meldonium on the list of prohibited drugs developed. September 16, 2015, WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) puts mildronate on the list of banned drugs. They indicate that the start of this provision comes into force from the beginning of 2016. By doing so, the organization gives time to athletes who are still taking the substance to stop and say goodbye to the drug forever. A period of three months is given in order not only to refuse to take, but also to give the body time to completely remove the active substance. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that meldonium enters the body from the gastrointestinal tract, and the drug can reach its highest content in 1-2 hours. The half-life is from 3 to 6 hours. The complete removal of meldonium from the body, as indicated by the manufacturers, can occur for a long time, up to several months. It depends on many factors (duration of use, dosage, etc.). By the way, WADA classified meldonium as a hormone and metabolic modulator (class S4), putting the drug on the same list as insulin, insulin mimetics, trimetazidine and other substances. Here is a screenshot from the official WADA website:

I want to make a reservation and clarify that this is information from the list for 2016 (). However, in the new list of prohibited substances from the World Anti-Doping Organization, the drug remained in its original place. The list has not yet been translated into Russian, but who is friends with English, I leave a link.

Why was the drug banned?

Why did meldonium suddenly become a banned drug? Interest Ask. As the inventor of the drug himself says, about five years ago, people from WADA came to him and were interested in what kind of drug meldonium, how it works, and stuff like that. During a detailed conversation, Ivars Kalvins managed to explain and prove to the employees of the anti-doping agency that meldonium is not doping. As we can see, this satisfied them for a while. And yet, in 2015, WADA conducted a study of the drug and concluded: meldonium increases the endurance of athletes, accelerates recovery, resists stress and activates the functions of the central nervous system. Cheating will not work! The result is that meldonium is prohibited for use in and out of competition by athletes. Those who get caught on the application face a disqualification of up to 4 years.

Who suffered as a result of the Meldonium ban?

Meldonium has been found in many athletes, especially Russian ones. What caused a flurry of criticism of WADA from the Russian public. Probably the loudest disqualification can be called the suspension of the famous Russian tennis player Maria Sharapova from participation in competitions. She was suspended for 2 years, later the suspension was reduced to 1 year and 3 months. I will not list all the Russian athletes caught on mildronate, I will only say that there are a lot of them, they number in the hundreds. For example, in one journalistic investigation in Germany, it was found that 17% of Russian athletes out of 4316 used meldonium. Quite a lot, considering that in addition to Russians, foreign athletes also take the drug, including a huge sales market in Europe (based on research data for 2015).

Summing up

Meldonium (mildronate)- has a significant metabolic and tonic effect. Increases endurance, improves the psycho-emotional state of athletes. Accelerates recovery and protects against stress.

The drug is widely used in medicine, in various diseases of the cardiovascular system and the brain. In Russia, it is listed in the register of "vital drugs." It is currently on the WADA Prohibited List. Many famous athletes have been disqualified due to the use of mildronate.

Mildronate is a synthetic drug that is used in the complex therapy of many diseases. Instructions for use Mildronate indicates that this tool supports normal metabolism and energy supply of tissues, reduces the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system. The use of the drug has a positive effect on patients suffering from coronary heart disease and those in the recovery period after myocardial infarction.

Mildronate - description and principle of action

The active substance of Mildronate is meldonium. It has a wide range of effects on the body. In its biological composition, meldonium is similar to vitamin-like precursors of B vitamins. It prevents the penetration and accumulation of saturated fatty acids in tissues, while improving the supply of nutrients and vitamins to cells.

What is good about Mildronate?

Its beneficial effect on the nervous and cardiovascular system. The drug alleviates the condition in patients with coronary heart disease, reduces the frequency of attacks with, improves exercise tolerance in heart failure, and shortens the recovery period after myocardial infarction.

In diseases of the nervous system, it improves the metabolism of nerve cells, facilitates the course of the recovery period after strokes, and has a positive effect on withdrawal symptoms. Another positive effect of the drug is that it maintains normal blood supply to the retina, preventing diseases of the fundus.

Being a structural analogue of gamma-butyrobetaine, the drug prevents overwork during intense physical exertion. This made possible the use of Mildronate in sports. The active substances of the drug regulate energy metabolism, improve muscle function, allow you to recover faster after training and use the body's resources to the fullest.

Forms of release, composition

The drug is available in several dosage forms:

• capsules Mildronate 250mg;
• tablets Mildronate 500mg;
• syrup Mildronate;
• solution for intravenous injection (injections in ampoules).

The choice of a specific dosage form depends on the patient's condition and the characteristics of the course of the disease. Most often, tablets or capsules are prescribed, in the hospital - injections, especially if the patient is in serious condition.

Hard gelatin capsules and tablets of Mildronate contain, respectively, 250 mg and 500 mg of the active substance meldonium + auxiliary components. The capsules contain a powder with a sweetish taste and a specific smell. 500mg tablets have a slightly sour taste.

A colorless, clear solution for injection is available in 5 ml ampoules. The syrup is a viscous dark suspension with cherry flavor. Produced in dark glass bottles of 250 ml.

Indications for taking Mildronate

Mildronate is used for diseases of the heart, blood vessels and, as well as for the prevention of various complications of these diseases. It is used for coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, chronic heart failure, cardialgia (heart pain of unknown origin). In case of heart attacks, it can be prescribed as one of the first aid measures to reduce the area of ​​damage to the heart, and it can also be used in the post-infarction period to speed up recovery.

Among peripheral vascular diseases, indications for use are various arterial lesions that cause circulatory disorders, diseases of the fundus vessels - diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, glaucoma and other disorders.

Mildronate syrup can also be prescribed for varicose veins, but without other drugs for varicose veins, its effectiveness is not high enough.

In the list of indications for use - diseases of the nervous system, dyscirculatory and alcoholic encephalopathy, withdrawal syndrome, recovery period after a stroke. Also, the drug can be used with a decrease in performance for no apparent reason, fatigue, emotional instability. In addition, Mildronate can be used during periods of intense physical and intellectual stress.

In bronchial asthma and COPD, this drug can slow down the progression of the disease, reduce the risk of complications, and prevent deterioration of the blood supply to organs and tissues.

Contraindications and side effects

There are few contraindications to the use of Mildronate. These are the following states:

• hypersensitivity;
• childhood and adolescence;
• increased intracranial pressure, including those caused by tumors of the nervous tissue and hydrocephalus.

Since 2016, meldonium has been considered doping in sports, and professional athletes are prohibited from using it. The use of Mildronate in this area was the source of a major doping scandal and the disqualification of many famous athletes.

Also, the drug is never used in pediatric practice, it is used with caution in pregnant women - only if there is an urgent need that outweighs the possible risk to the fetus.

Like most drugs, Mildronate is incompatible with alcohol, since it can cause reactions such as tachycardia, blood pressure surges, dyspeptic manifestations, allergic reactions, which is especially dangerous for patients with cardiovascular pathologies and circulatory disorders of the brain.

Among the side effects are allergic reactions, dyspeptic disorders, lowering blood pressure with increased heart rate, increased excitability. They occur quite often, so it is worth considering them when prescribing the drug. In some cases, the severity of side effects may exceed the expected benefits of taking the drug.

Instructions for use

Mildronate tablets and capsules are prescribed in courses lasting up to two months. The daily dose of the drug is 1000 mg (2 or 4 tablets, depending on the dosage). It can be drunk whole in the morning before meals or in two divided doses in the morning and evening.

The distribution of the dose depends on what kind of disease the patient suffers from, so the doctor prescribes the exact dosage. The duration of the course of treatment also depends on the condition of the patient. If necessary, the course of treatment can be repeated after six months. As a rule, a tablet preparation is prescribed for chronic conditions, as well as during periods of increased stress on the body.

Injectable Mildronate is used in a hospital if the patient is in serious condition and emergency assistance is required. Most often, it is injected into a vein in an amount of 5 ml (one ampoule), without diluting. Used for heart attacks, strokes, in the treatment of exacerbations of COPD. In case of hemorrhage in the fundus area, retrobulbar administration of the drug is permissible. The dosage is determined by the patient's condition.

Many patients are interested in whether Mildronate can be taken intramuscularly, and not intravenously? Considering this issue, you must, first of all, be guided by common sense and be sure to consult with your doctor about this.

Intramuscular application

Since there is no unambiguous prohibition on this method of administration in the instructions for the drug, it is possible to administer the drug intramuscularly. However, the official website of the manufacturer contains information that with intramuscular administration of Mildronate there is a risk of unwanted side reactions - pain, irritation at the injection site, allergic manifestations. Therefore, it is better to adhere to a safe method of using the drug, namely, to administer it intravenously.

Mildronate can be combined with drugs that reduce blood pressure and improve coronary circulation, but in this case it is important to choose the right dose so as not to cause hypotension (lowering blood pressure). Cases of drug overdose have not been recorded. The maximum daily dose is 2000 mg of the active substance, but when it is exceeded, no dangerous reactions are observed.

Analogues

There are quite a lot of preparations containing meldonium on the pharmaceutical market. According to the active substance, the analogues of Mildronate are:

• Riboxyl;
• Melfor;
• Vazomag;
• Idrinol;
• Medatern

All of them have a different content of the active substance - meldonium. A common feature of such drugs is that they must be taken in the morning, since excessive excitability can provoke insomnia.

The cost of the drug

The price of Mildronate and its analogues may vary depending on the city and the markup of pharmacy chains. So, Mildronate 250 mg capsules cost on average from 280 rubles, 5 ml ampoules are sold at a price of 450 rubles. Mildronate tablets can be purchased from 650 rubles per package, and a bottle of syrup - from 290 rubles.

Holiday conditions - strictly according to the prescription for all dosage forms. It must be stored in a dry place at room temperature, out of direct sunlight. Be sure to keep away from children and pets.

To improve or maintain metabolism, as well as energy supply to all organs of the human body, experts prescribe Mildronate.

The good effect, as well as the few side effects of Mildronate, make it popular among almost all categories of the population.

Like any other drug, Mildronate should be prescribed by a doctor even in the absence of visible symptoms of the disease.

The active substance of the drug is meldonium, which leads to:

• to improve the performance of the body;
• increased humoral and tissue immunity;
• increasing a person's resistance to negative psychological and physiological factors;
• normalization of cardiac activity.

In addition, the agent protects cells from destruction, removes toxic products and waste products of cellular metabolism from them, and also helps to increase their resistance. As a result, an increased metabolic rate leads to a faster recovery of the body.

The ability of the drug to optimize blood flow allows you to redirect blood flow to oxygen-starved areas of the heart, brain and eye. As a result, blood supply is normalized, the body receives a sufficient amount of oxygen and essential nutrients. This property of Mildronate is of particular relevance in ischemia.

The use of Mildronate leads to vasodilation and normalization of the cellular link of immunity, as a result of which immunity improves in general.

The tonic effect on the somatic and autonomic nervous system leads to the elimination of physical and psychological disorders due to prolonged use of alcoholic beverages. Allows you to eliminate alcohol withdrawal, which manifests itself in the form of tremors, memory lapses, obsessive-compulsive states.

Among the most frequent indications for the appointment of Mildronate should be noted:

• ischemia of the heart and brain;
• angina;
• heart attack;
• chronic heart failure;
• pain syndrome in the heart with pathologies of the organ;
• dishormonal cardiomyopathy;
• impaired functioning of the cardiovascular system and neurocirculatory dystonia in puberty;
• pathological changes in the eyes;
• chronic obstructive pulmonary pathologies;
• psychological and physical effects of long-term alcohol intake;
• low performance;
• overexertion and fatigue.

Only a doctor can determine the need for a drug

Contraindications to prescribing the drug

A few contraindications of the drug make it suitable for use in almost all categories of patients.

The exception is:

• Pregnant women. The lack of clinical studies on the effect of the drug on the fetus and the health of a woman makes it undesirable to use it while expecting a child.
• Breastfeeding period. To date, there is no information on the penetration of the substance into the milk of a nursing woman, therefore, it is impossible to assess the possible harm when taking it to the health of the child. During lactation, the use of the drug is not recommended.
• Individual intolerance. Hypersensitivity to meldonium, as well as to other ingredients of the remedy, makes it impossible to use it.
• With an excessive increase in intracranial pressure due to impaired venous outflow or tumor processes in the brain.
• Age category up to 12 years. In pediatrics, there is not enough information about the effect of Mildronate on the child's condition. There is no categorical ban on its use by children.
• Nitroglycerin, Nifedipine, adrenergic blockers, when used together with Mildronate, can provoke an increase in the heart rate or a decrease in blood pressure.
• Chronic pathological changes in the liver and kidneys necessitate the use of the drug with caution, constantly monitoring the condition of the affected organ.
• Edema of unknown origin.

Even in the absence of contraindications to the drug specified in the instructions, you should not resort to the drug without first consulting a doctor.

In addition, the stimulating effect of the drug forces it to be used well in advance of sleep, in order to avoid insomnia.

It is also forbidden to use the drug for intramuscular injection. The instructions clearly state that the product is intended for intravenous administration in the form of a solution for injection and oral administration in the form of capsules.

If Mildronate is injected into a muscle, such an action is likely to cause irritation and provoke the development of a local inflammatory process with severe pain. Also, allergic reactions often occur at the injection site of the agent into the muscle tissue.

Mildronate is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (renal failure). Since the remedy is excreted from the body by the kidneys, it is better for people with their diseases to refuse such treatment. In case of mild to moderate impairment of the excretory function of the kidneys, the agent can be used, but at a lower dose than recommended.

Meldonium treatment is also prohibited in patients with severely impaired liver function (hepatocellular insufficiency), since the drug is metabolized in the liver. And in case of violation of the activity of liver cells, it is not known how this process goes and what the consequences may be (this aspect of the use of meldonium has not been studied in clinical studies).

Restrictions in the use of the drug also apply to elderly patients. Since many of the elderly have several chronic diseases, including liver and kidney pathologies, care should be taken when prescribing any medications, including Mildronate, to them. If it is not known about the presence of the above contraindications to the use of the drug, then for the elderly, a medication can be prescribed, but at a lower than the recommended dose.

Before using the drug, it is imperative to study the instructions and contraindications in it.

Known Side Effects

Side effects of Mildronate are not observed often and appear:

• tachycardia;
• jumps in blood pressure;
• feeling of nausea and heaviness in the stomach, belching, heartburn, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea;
• allergies: redness of the epidermis, rashes, itching, swelling;
• reaction of the central nervous system: headaches, severe overexcitation.

With oral use of the drug, an overdose is not observed, however, it is not excluded with injections and manifests itself in the form of:

• low blood pressure;
• headache;
• dizziness;
• increased heart rate;
• feelings of general weakness.

Side effects and manifestations of overdose are eliminated by discontinuation of the drug and symptomatic treatment.

Mildronate has good reviews and, when used correctly, has a pronounced positive effect.

Side effects of taking Mildronate can be divided, depending on the body system that is affected.

Mildronate is a low-toxic drug. Undesirable effects caused by it do not pose a risk to the human condition

The immune system

Often - allergic skin manifestations.

Rarely - urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Human psyche

Often - overexcitation, a pathological feeling of fear, obsessive thoughts, disruption of normal sleep.

Nervous system

Often a headache.

Rarely - tremor of the limbs, sensory disturbances, crawling sensations on the skin, noise and ringing in the ears, dizziness attacks, gait disturbances, fainting.

The cardiovascular system

Rarely - the development of arrhythmia, tachycardia, a feeling of interruptions in the work of the heart, discomfort and pain in the region of the heart, an increase or decrease in blood pressure, the development of a hypertensive crisis.

Respiratory system

Often - infectious lesions of the respiratory tract.

Rarely - the development of dyspnea, apnea.

Digestive organs

Often - dyspeptic manifestations.

Rarely - a feeling of a metallic taste in the mouth, loss of appetite, vomiting, nausea, bloating, diarrhea, dryness of the oral mucosa, increased salivation, abdominal pain.

Musculoskeletal system

Rarely - dorsalgia, muscle spasms and muscle weakness.

excretory system

Rarely - frequent urination.

General body reactions

Increased fatigue, fever and a feeling of chills, asthenic manifestations, swelling of soft tissues, a feeling of cold or heat, excessive sweating.

To avoid the development of side effects during treatment with Mildronate, you must strictly follow the doctor's instructions.

If a patient who takes Mildronate is prescribed some laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, possible changes in the results should be considered:

• dyslipidemic manifestations;
• increase in the concentration of CRP in the blood;
• increase in the content of eosinophils in the blood;
• sinus tachycardia on ECG.

Contraindications for use in athletes

The benefits of the drug for athletes (professionals and amateurs) are obvious. When taking the drug:

• The statistical and dynamic activity of a person increases. There is an expansion of the body. Results and indicators are getting higher.
• By stimulating the penetration of nutrients into the muscles (including the heart), the drug helps to increase the efficiency of athletes' training, as well as relieve fatigue.
• The heart begins to work better, the athlete becomes more resilient.
• Restoration of the body's energy reserves occurs in a shorter period of time, due to the active removal of metabolic products.

Mildronate is able to significantly improve athletic performance, but is banned for use by the World Anti-Doping Agency

The drug with a stretch can be classified as doping, because it helps to increase the body's abilities, and not physical indicators.

However, since 2016, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has recognized Mildrotan as a doping agent, which made its use impossible for professional athletes.

Prohibition for pregnant women, nursing mothers and children

Meldonium is contraindicated for use during pregnancy, since there are no data on its effect on the woman's body and the development of the fetus / embryo (such clinical studies are contraindicated due to ethical considerations). And the existing data from animal studies are insufficient to draw a conclusion about the effect of the drug on the fetus.

Mildronate passes into breast milk. Unfortunately, it is not known how the remedy affects the body of a newborn child. Therefore, its use by the mother during lactation is contraindicated.

There are no data on the use of the drug in children (under 18 years of age). Therefore, the use of meldonium in this age group of patients is contraindicated.

The product is prohibited for use in pregnant women and nursing mothers

Overdose and its consequences

Until now, there have been no reports of cases of overdose with Mildronate, since the drug is of low toxicity and does not cause severe side effects. In case of poisoning with the drug, the following symptoms are possible - lowering blood pressure, headache, palpitations, general weakness.

In cases of severe poisoning, liver and kidney dysfunction may occur. Treatment of poisoning is symptomatic. Hemodialysis is ineffective due to the high degree of drug binding to plasma proteins.

Which drugs are contraindicated for concomitant use

Meldonium has the ability to enhance the effect of certain medications - nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, nifedipine and other drugs that can expand the lumen of the coronary and peripheral vessels, lower blood pressure. Therefore, due to the possible development of tachycardia and hypotension, the simultaneous use of these drugs is not recommended.