Could it be due to gastritis? Gastritis: symptoms and treatment in adults

Gastritis of the stomach is the most common disease of the digestive system. This is a very dangerous disease that is found in 30% of the population aged 25 years and older. Gastritis is more common in men than in women. The development of the disease can be caused by many factors. Therefore, it is very important to start timely treatment of this disease when the first symptoms and signs of gastritis of the stomach are detected.

In medicine, gastritis is called inflammatory and degenerative processes in the mucous layer of the stomach. The disease is accompanied by a violation of the restoration of mucous tissues and the functions of the stomach, as an important part of the digestive tract.

Causes

superficial (1 degree of activity)- pregastritis condition, in which the uppermost layers of the mucosa are destroyed. The glands that produce hydrochloric acid and gastric juice are not yet involved in the inflammatory process. Aggravated in spring and autumn;
atrophic- destroyed, in addition to the surface layer of the mucosa, deeper layers and glands. There is tissue atrophy, disruption of the digestive system and problems with digestion of food;
- Gastrointestinal functions are disturbed, hydrochloric acid is not secreted enough. Neoplasms of a benign nature develop. An increased risk of developing cancer;
- with it, the mucous tissues of the stomach are inflamed, there are problems with the digestion of food;
- destruction of mucous tissues by cells of the immune system occurs. It develops with violations of the functions of the thyroid gland and the immune system, Addison's disease. A similar kind of disease can appear if there are frequent or there is a hereditary predisposition to this disease;
reactive- arises from the side effects of drugs or as a reaction to self-incorrect treatment.

Gastritis differs in localization, that is, from where the inflammatory process formed in the stomach:

Pangastritis is an inflammation of the mucosa that affects all parts of the body.
Gastritis of the main body of the stomach.
Gastritis of certain parts of the body.

Terry gastritis is the name of the most advanced state of this disease. When such a diagnosis is established, there is a high probability of the formation of a stomach ulcer.

Symptoms

Symptoms of gastritis in adults and children are different. In pediatric patients, the first main symptom is acute pain in the upper abdomen. In addition, there are such pronounced manifestations of the disease as lack of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea.

You can not treat children on their own at home with suspected inflammation of the gastric mucosa. If a child has similar symptoms, you should urgently seek medical help in a specialized clinic.

belching with a sour smell after eating;
burning sensation in the intestines;
aching or sharp pain in the abdomen;
periodic vomiting;
constant nausea;
dry mouth or increased salivation;
stool disorders;
increased body temperature;
dizziness;
violation of the heart rhythm;
increased sweating;
pressure may rise.

In some cases, the acute form of the disease is accompanied by erosion of the mucous tissues, which adds to the symptoms of internal bleeding. In vomit and feces, blood impurities can be detected. The following symptoms appear:

dark stools;
the temperature rises sharply;
feeling of general weakness;
hiccups for a long time.

goes away in about a week. But the mucous tissues of the organ recover much longer. For this, it is necessary to create certain conditions (diet, etc.).

Chronic gastritis:

feeling of heaviness in the stomach after eating;
deterioration in the digestion of food;
loss of appetite;
metallic taste in the mouth;
pain of a permanent or temporary nature in the chest area;
nausea and morning vomiting on an empty stomach;
cardiopalmus;
headaches and dizziness;
weakness;
stool disorders;
dehydration of the body;
increased salivation;
heartburn and belching.

At the advanced stage of chronic gastritis observed:

Feeling of constant satiety (stomach fullness).
The patient is rapidly losing weight, looks emaciated.
The color and appearance of the skin, hair, nails deteriorates.
Feeling constantly tired.

Symptoms with an increased level of acidity (in addition to the general signs):

diarrhea;
constant belching;
pain in the solar plexus;
heartburn after eating acidic foods.

Symptoms of enzyme deficiency and low acidity:

nausea in the morning;
bad breath;
belching with a rotten smell;
stool disorders;
feeling of heaviness in the stomach and intestines after eating.

How do other forms of gastritis of the stomach manifest?

Erosive gastritis is characterized by the following manifestations:

bloating;
diarrhea and constipation;
belching and heartburn;
deterioration in general condition;
paroxysmal, severe pain in the abdomen;
nausea with vomiting;
liquid stools with an admixture of blood.

Superficial gastritis is determined by the following symptoms:

sensation of pain in the right hypochondrium;
heaviness in the abdomen after eating;
severe inflammation of the mucous tissues of the stomach;
a feeling of satiety with a minimum amount of food eaten;
diarrhea and constipation;
nausea with vomiting;
heartburn, belching.

Atrophic gastritis is expressed by its characteristic symptoms:

lack of vitamin B in the body;
bitter eructation;
rumbling in the stomach;
pale and dry skin;
decreased visual acuity;
gum bleeding.

Antral gastritis has its typical features:

increased acidity of gastric juice;
pain in the abdomen on the right side;
dyspepsia;
bloating;
nausea.

Diagnosis and treatment

Gastritis in the early stages is quite difficult to recognize.

In order to diagnose this disease, a set of studies is used:

fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS) - determination of the state of the mucous tissue of the stomach and duodenum using an inserted probe;
Ultrasound of the digestive tract;
endoscopic examination. To avoid discomfort and vomiting, before the procedure, the back of the throat is treated with an aerosol anesthetic. Then the tube of the apparatus is inserted into the patient's esophagus and stomach;
study of gastric juice to determine acidity;
blood test for hemoglobin level;
blood test for Helicobacter pylori;
fecal analysis reveals an admixture of blood;
X-ray examination of the abdominal organs;
biopsy - examination of a sample of mucous tissue for oncology.

Methods of treatment of gastritis of the stomach:

medical diet;
drug treatment that normalizes the level of acidity of gastric juice, relieves irritation and restores the mucous tissues of the walls of the stomach;
antibacterial treatment (in cases of Helicobacter pylori infection).

Many people underestimate the importance of such an organ as the stomach. Meanwhile, diseases of the stomach can develop imperceptibly for years, and then poison a person's life, make his existence unbearable. Gastritis is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. What are the features of this disease, what danger does it contain, and how should it be treated?

Functions of the stomach

First, let's touch a little on the question of how the stomach works, and what are its main functions. The stomach is one of the most important organs of the human digestive system, in which the process of digestion of food begins. Here are the main functions of the stomach:

intake of food coming from the esophagus;
secretion of gastric juice intended for the primary splitting of the food mass;
mechanical processing of the food mass due to the reduction of the walls;
absorption of certain substances necessary for the body;
transfer of the processed food mass to the small intestine.

All these functions are assigned to the walls of the stomach. They have a muscular basis and can stretch widely if there is enough food. However, the functions of producing gastric juice are assigned to the inner layer of the walls - their mucous membrane.

Gastric juice contains components such as pepsin, gastrin and lipase, but the most important component is hydrochloric acid. From the course of chemistry it is well known that this acid is one of the strongest. However, the walls of the stomach are designed so that they are not corroded by hydrochloric acid. Most of the acid is excreted in the upper part of the stomach - in the body of the stomach. Closer to the duodenum, which is part of the small intestine, the environment of the stomach is neutral.

Under some circumstances, however, the mucous membrane ceases to perform its functions fully or becomes inflamed. A similar disease is called gastritis. Up to 50% of people in developed countries suffer from gastritis in one form or another. 80% of all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are gastritis. In most cases, patients are adults, but now it is not uncommon for this disease to affect children.

Varieties of gastritis

In medicine, a lot of varieties of this disease have been described. But according to the degree of manifestation of symptoms and damage to the mucous membrane, they can be divided into acute and chronic gastritis.

Among acute gastritis are:

catarrhal,
fibrinous,
corrosive,
phlegmonous.

If a person has an acute attack of gastritis, then over time it can become chronic. A common classification of chronic gastritis associated with their etiology, that is, the origin:

autoimmune;
bacterial;
chemical, associated with the irritating effect of certain substances.

Autoimmune gastritis is caused by the action of immune cells that mistakenly attack their own tissues, including those of the gastric mucosa. This is a fairly rare type of gastritis.

The most common type of gastritis is bacterial gastritis. This gastritis is caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which lives on the gastric mucosa and is resistant to its acidic environment. According to some reports, this type of gastritis is observed in 90% of cases of this disease.

Finally, another common type of gastritis is gastritis caused by exposure to aggressive substances, both exogenous and endogenous origin. These include:

bile thrown into the stomach from the duodenum 12 (which should not be normal);
alcohol;
medicines, primarily NSAIDs, acetylsalicylic acid, some antibiotics;
other toxic substances.

The prevalence of different types of chronic gastritis:

Relatively rare types of gastritis are radiation, resection (arising after removal of part of the stomach), granulomatous (Crohn's gastritis), lymphocytic and some others.

Also, chronic gastritis is usually divided into diseases with high and low acidity. In the first case, there is too much hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice and the surface of the stomach becomes inflamed for this reason. In the second case, on the contrary, with gastritis, gastric juice is formed too little, and there are problems with the digestion of food. A special type of gastritis with low acidity is atrophic gastritis, in which the glands in the gastric mucosa have practically lost their functions, and connective tissue has appeared instead. The degeneration of mucosal tissues in atrophic gastritis is a precancerous condition.

Symptoms of gastritis in adults

Gastritis in adults can have a variety of manifestations, although not always this disease, especially in the early stages, may have clearly defined symptoms. In addition, it should be remembered that gastritis in most cases does not have specific symptoms, that is, often the same symptoms in different cases can indicate both gastritis and stomach ulcers, inflammation of the esophagus (reflux esophagitis) and even cancer. diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Also, some characteristic symptoms of gastritis in adults, for example, pain in the stomach, can also appear with heart disease. The patient himself cannot diagnose himself, and even an experienced gastroenterologist will not undertake to determine the disease and, moreover, its variety by symptoms alone, without a thorough diagnosis.

Most often, gastritis in adults in a chronic form is manifested by the following symptoms:

nausea,
lack of appetite,
pain in the epigastric region (before, after, or during meals),
heaviness in the stomach,
frequent belching (sour or rotten),
heartburn,
occasional vomiting,
bad breath,
or ,
coated tongue.

Usually, in patients with chronic gastritis, there are also symptoms affecting other organs, as well as the whole body as a whole:

fatigue,
irritability,
tachycardia,
jumps in blood pressure,
weight loss.

For some types of gastritis in adults, some signs are more characteristic, for other types - others. For example, heartburn and belching sour, constipation is more typical for gastritis with high acidity, diarrhea, flatulence, bad breath - for atrophic gastritis and gastritis with low acidity.

The presence of several of these signs, observed regularly, is a reason to see a doctor.

Exacerbation of gastritis is usually accompanied by an increase in the intensity of negative phenomena, primarily pain. Also, in the acute form of the disease, there is often an increase in temperature, bleeding from the stomach.

Causes of the disease

In most cases, the disease begins with infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. It is present in patients in 90% of cases. However, this is far from the only factor influencing the development of the disease, since there are a large number of people infected with this bacterium, who, however, do not have signs of gastritis. Therefore, the accompanying factors are of great importance:

bad habits (smoking, alcoholism);
improper eating habits (eating dry food, on the go, overeating, long periods of fasting, eating very spicy or hot food, etc.);
unbalanced diet;
uncontrolled use of drugs (primarily NSAIDs, corticosteroids, antibiotics);
poor chewing of food, diseases of the teeth and oral cavity, adontia;
stress;
decrease in immunity.

Diagnostics

The purpose of diagnosis is not only to identify gastritis, but to determine its variety. The treatment strategy depends on this factor, since, for example, bacterial and non-bacterial forms of the disease are treated somewhat differently.

Diagnostics is carried out in several stages. First, the doctor asks the patient about his complaints, about his diet, diet, etc. Why can he prescribe a number of diagnostic procedures. The most informative procedure, without which it is impossible to confirm or refute the presence of gastritis in a patient, is FGDS (fibrogastroduodenoscopy). During this procedure, a special video probe is inserted into the patient's stomach through the esophagus, with the help of which the doctor can examine the condition of the internal surface of the stomach. Before the procedure, the patient under study should not eat anything for 12 hours. As a rule, the procedure is performed under anesthesia. It is absolutely necessary for the diagnosis of the disease. During this procedure, the doctor may also take samples of stomach tissue for examination.

Other types of instrumental research are also used. This may be an x-ray of the stomach with a contrast agent, MRI, ultrasound. Ultrasound is of secondary importance and is usually used to determine concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, diseases of the liver and gallbladder.

Additional studies may be carried out to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the body. The presence of the bacterium can be determined with a breath test, blood test, or biopsy.

Your doctor may also order blood tests, fecal occult blood tests, and manometry (measurement of pressure in the duodenum).

Treatment

Only acute gastritis caused by any diseases or intoxications can be completely cured. If gastritis has become permanent, then usually pathological changes in the stomach become irreversible. However, with proper treatment, and if the treatment was started in a timely manner, it is quite possible to prevent the development of gastritis, stabilize the patient's condition, and prevent the development of complications - ulcers, bleeding, tumors.

Chronic gastritis is usually treated on an outpatient basis. Treatment includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. The main types of drugs include:

antacids (almagel, phosphalugel),
enveloping agents,
antibacterial agents for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori,
histamine receptor blockers (ranitidine),
proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole),
enzyme preparations (festal, creon),
antiemetics and prokinetics.

Antacids (from "anti" - against and "acidus" - acid) are drugs that reduce the acidity of the environment in the stomach. These are substances with an alkaline reaction, that is, their mechanism of action is a neutralization reaction, in which hydrochloric acid is converted into water. The disadvantage of antacids is that their action is usually short-lived and for a slight decrease in gastric acidity, the stomach may respond with even more acid production. However, the speed of action of antacids is superior to all other drugs.

The same purpose is to reduce the acidity of gastric juice in histamine receptor blockers, as well as in proton pump inhibitors. But their mechanism of action is more subtle than that of antacids. Histamine receptor blockers act on special receptor cells, due to which the stomach produces acid, and proton pump inhibitors interrupt the chemical reactions responsible for the formation of an integral part of any acids - hydrogen ions (protons).

Enveloping agents are auxiliary preparations that serve to protect the mucous membrane from external influences.

Drugs - prokinetics, such as metoclopramide, serve to improve the tone of the muscles of the upper esophageal sphincter, accelerate gastric emptying, and prevent the gag reflex. These drugs are usually used for disease associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Enzyme preparations contain enzymes produced in the stomach, pancreatic enzymes and bile. They are intended to improve digestion, which is especially often disturbed in atrophic-type diseases.

Eradication (destruction) of Helicobacter pylori is indicated for certain types of the disease, primarily the atrophic type. Without eradication, treatment may be ineffective. Clarithromycin and amoxicillin in combination with antacids are commonly used to kill bacteria.

Diet for sickness

The main type of non-drug treatment is diet. To develop it, it is best for the patient to consult a dietitian, since diet options may vary slightly for different types of disease. However, in almost all cases, the consumption of fried, spicy, smoked foods, spices, salt, alcohol, fatty meats and fish is limited. Preference is given to boiled and pureed products. Recommended fractional meals in small portions 4-6 times a day, with intervals between meals at 3 hours. Meals are served warm, but not hot. From drinks, you should not drink alcohol, carbonated drinks (with the exception of mineral water prescribed by a doctor), coffee, strong tea.

Gastritis is the most common disease of the gastrointestinal tract. This diagnosis is often made by patients themselves. You can often hear: “I have pain in the pit of my stomach, heaviness in the stomach, which means I have gastritis”

Term gastritis used to refer to inflammatory and structural changes in the gastric mucosa, which are different in course and origin. Gastritis is a difficult diagnosis.

It is the structural changes in the gastric mucosa that occur with impaired recovery (or regeneration), as well as atrophy (reduction in volume) of the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa and the replacement of normal glands with fibrous tissue (or fibrous, which is no longer able to perform its secretory function) and is called gastritis, a disease that usually lasts a long time.

However, gastritis is a morphological diagnosis (diagnosis in which there are structural changes) and clinically it may be asymptomatic.

It may have the following symptoms.

In the first place with this diagnosis is pain syndrome. Pain is the first and main symptom that worries patients the most and makes them see a doctor. Pain occurs in the epigastric (or epigastric) region, they usually occur 1.5 - 2 hours after eating, can be acute, strong or dull pressing.

There is also the so-called dyspeptic syndrome observed in most patients. Patients have a burning sensation in the epigastric region (or heartburn) and belching sour, which indicates the reflux of the contents of the stomach into the esophagus (reflux), there may also be nausea and vomiting during exacerbation.

But it may also be that the patient has many complaints, but there are no structural changes, then they talk about functional dyspepsia.

Gastritis is divided into acute and chronic.

Acute gastritis

Acute gastritis - acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which occurs when exposed to poor-quality food, or the use of certain drugs. Acute gastritis, in turn, is divided into catarrhal, fibrinous, corrosive and phlegmonous.

Catarrhal gastritis is an acute inflammation of the gastric mucosa after a single intake of poor-quality food, systematic malnutrition, and severe stress.
Fibrinous gastritis (diphtheritic) - acute gastritis, which is characterized by diphtheritic inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Occurs in severe infectious diseases, poisoning with sublimate, acids.
Corrosive gastritis (necrotic gastritis) is an acute gastritis with necrotic tissue changes that develops when concentrated acids or alkalis enter the stomach.
Phlegmonous gastritis - acute gastritis with purulent inflammation of the stomach wall. Occurs with injuries, as a complication of gastric ulcer.

Chronic gastritis

Chronic gastritis - a long-term inflammatory lesion of the gastric mucosa, proceeding with its structural restructuring and impaired secretory (acid- and pepsin-forming), motor and endocrine (synthesis of gastrointestinal hormones) functions of the stomach.

Classification depending on the cause:

Helicobacter pylori gastritis (gastritis in which Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that infects various parts of the stomach and duodenum, is found in the body). With this type of gastritis, the inlet of the stomach (antrum, see picture) is usually affected.
Autoimmune gastritis of the body of the stomach
Chronic reflux gastritis
Radiation, infectious gastritis, etc. (not associated with Helicobacter pylori)

Classification of gastritis based on types of secretion

Gastritis with increased secretion
Gastritis with normal secretion
Gastritis with secretory insufficiency

By localization gastritis is divided into

Antral (pyloric or outlet gastritis, see figure)
Fundal (gastritis of the fundus of the stomach)
Pangastritis (common gastritis of the stomach)

Diagnosis of gastritis

When the first complaints, pain syndrome and / or a feeling of heaviness, distension in the abdomen, belching, sour heartburn, feeling unwell, you should immediately consult a doctor, because gastritis can be complicated by peptic ulcer and even stomach cancer.

First of all, the doctor finds out the nature of the complaints, their duration, the nature of nutrition, the presence of stressful situations.

In order to make a morphological diagnosis of gastritis, as well as to establish whether it is associated with Helicobacter pylori, it is necessary to conduct a number of diagnostic studies, such as: endoscopic examination, ph-metry (can be performed during an endoscopic examination or as a separate procedure), a urease test for Helicobacter pylori, PCR of the gastric and duodenal mucosa, blood ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori.

The most important method in diagnosing gastritis is endoscopy , in which a special probe (endoscope) is inserted into the stomach and duodenum, equipped with a video camera, with which the stomach and duodenum are examined. From the most altered areas during endoscopy, a biopsy (a piece of tissue) is taken for histological examination (a method in which the structure of the tissue is examined to exclude cancers and precancerous diseases of the stomach). Also, with endoscopy, it is possible to carry out ph-metry (measurement of the acidity of the contents of the stomach). It is the endoscopic method that determines the morphology of the mucosa, the degree of its damage, the depth of the lesion and the localization of the pathological process.

Also widely used respiratory urease test for Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori in the process of life produces urease (a special enzyme that accelerates the processing of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide). This method, using a special device, allows you to compare the levels of the gas composition in the original, normal version and with high urease activity.

To determine the infection of the body with Helicobacter pylori, you can use the method PCR diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction) - determination of Helicobacter pylori DNA sections in a biopsy of the gastric and duodenal mucosa. As well as ELISA diagnostics - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which determines the presence in the blood of antibodies IgA, IgM and IgG (immunoglobulins) to Helicobacter pylori. IgA and IgM indicate early infection (appear a few days after infection), and IgG about late infection (appear a month after infection).

Diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis includes the detection of antibodies to the pariatal cells of the stomach, is carried out by the method of ELISA diagnostics.

Treatment of acute gastritis

To cleanse the stomach, it is necessary for the patient to give 2-3 glasses of water and induce vomiting. In case of chemical poisoning, gastric lavage is carried out using a thick gastric tube. Washing is carried out to clean washing water. During the first two days, food is not taken, a water-tea diet is prescribed. Then the diet is expanded, including mucous soups and cereals, kissels, white flour crackers, soft-boiled eggs in the diet.

To eliminate pain, antispasmodics (for example, no-shpa) and antacids (for example, Gaviscon, Rennie) are used, enterosorbents are recommended, and prokinetics are prescribed for vomiting. In acute toxic-infectious gastritis, antibiotics are needed.

Treatment of chronic gastritis

Much attention in the treatment of gastritis should be given to lifestyle changes, try to avoid stress, observe the daily routine, get rid of bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol), and of course follow the recommendations on diet:

For patients with gastritis, it is necessary to exclude fried foods, rich meat and fish broths, do not overeat, eat 5-6 times a day
Do not consume foods that promote heartburn: strong tea, coffee, chocolate, carbonated drinks, alcohol, onions, garlic, butter
Eat boiled meat, boiled fish, steamed food, pureed cereal soups (hercules, rice)
Eat less cabbage, legumes, milk - foods that contribute to flatulence

Treatment of chronic gastritis with medication

- When the acidity of the stomach is increased -

If a patient has gastritis with increased secretory activity, gastritis therapy includes drugs that reduce the acidity of the stomach, the so-called proton pump inhibitors.

They share five generations

Omeprazole (Omez)
Lansoprazole (Lanzap)
Pantoprazole (Nolpaza, Zipantol)
Rabeprazole (Pariet)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)

As well as antacids (Gaviscon, Rennie, Almagel, Maalox). It is preferable to use preparations containing carbonates and not containing aluminum (Gaviscon, Rennie).

Antacids are first aid drugs in the presence of heartburn in a patient , if it is difficult to consult a doctor at the moment, then the patient can take an antacid on his own.

Physiotherapy

In case of gastritis with increased secretion, it is indicated to use amplipulse therapy and microwave electromagnetic field. Physiotherapy is carried out only during remission.

Treatment with folk remedies

With gastritis with increased secretion, it is recommended to drink decoctions of herbs that have an enveloping, protective effect. Such herbal remedies include flax seeds, burdock root, coltsfoot leaves, calendula flowers, and chamomile flowers. Medicinal raw materials insist, take 2 tbsp. l. 4 r / d 10-15 minutes before meals.

From mineral waters, you can use low-mineralized alkaline waters: Borjomi, Slavyanskaya, Smirnovskaya. It should be consumed warm (water is heated to remove excess carbon dioxide, which stimulates the secretion of gastric juice), degassed in ¾ cup 3 r / d one hour before meals.

- When the acidity of the stomach is reduced -

With gastritis with reduced secretion, the gastroprotective drug Bismuth tripotassium dicitrate (De-nol) is used. Replacement therapy is also shown: gastric juice, pepsidil, acidin pepsin, bitterness (tincture of dandelion root, tincture of wormwood herb).

Physiotherapy

Enhances the secretion of gastric juice galvanization, electrophoresis of calcium and chlorine.

Treatment with folk remedies

To increase the acidity of gastric juice, use: cabbage juice, apple juice, or grated apple, as well as grated pumpkin and raw potato juice. The goal of herbal medicine for gastritis with low acidity is to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice, as well as relieve inflammation.

Of the medicinal plants used: calamus rhizomes, calendula flowers, chamomile flowers, common yarrow herb, dandelion flowers, large plantain leaves. Herbs must be crushed, dosed (1 tsp each of the herbs), mixed, and prepared as a medicine. Pour a tablespoon of the mixture with a glass of boiling water, heat in a water bath for 15 minutes, insist until it cools down (about 45 minutes), add boiled water to the initial volume, take 2 tbsp. l. 4 r / d.

You can also use wormwood tincture 15-20 drops 20 minutes before meals. Such a bitter tincture will stimulate the secretory function of the stomach.

With gastritis with low acidity, mineral waters are also used for treatment. In this case, the water does not need to be heated. Drink water slowly ¾ cup 20 minutes before meals. It is best to use Essentuki-4, Essentuki-17.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori chronic gastritis

In case of positive tests for Helicobacter pylori, a weekly triple treatment regimen, or "quadrotherapy", is prescribed. The treatment regimen for each patient is selected by the attending physician.

The triple weekly regimen includes the use of a combination of Helicobacter pylori-susceptible antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors. Quadrotherapy - antibiotics, antibacterial agents, proton pump inhibitors, gastroprotectors.

In a month or two, it is necessary to pass a second analysis for Helicobacter pylori, and with a positive result, decide on the issue of repeated anti-Helicobacter therapy, taking into account the patient's complaints.

Treatment of autoimmune gastritis

In the initial and progressive stages of the disease with preserved secretory function of the stomach, with a serious violation of immune processes, glucocorticosteroid hormones are prescribed (short courses).

At the stage of stabilization of the process, in the absence of clinical manifestations, the patient does not need treatment.

Treatment of chronic reflux gastritis

To prevent the contents of the stomach from being thrown into the esophagus, prokinetics are prescribed - means to improve gastrointestinal motility (for example, Trimedat, Motilium).

Be healthy!

Therapist Evgenia Kuznetsova

Gastritis is characterized by an abundance of symptoms, but some of their forms are sometimes asymptomatic. The most basic symptom of the disease is pain in the epigastric region, which tends to increase after the use of drugs, alcohol, poor-quality food, and aggressive chemicals. In some cases, discomfort increases between meals.

Acute inflammation of the stomach is of several types. A mild catarrhal form of the disease occurs due to malnutrition or minor food intoxications. The phlegmonous form of the disease is mainly provoked by injuries of the walls of the digestive organ, and fibrinous and necrotic gastritis are caused by severe poisoning with aggressive chemicals.

The chronic form of gastritis in adults most often does not particularly affect the patient's life, only introduces some restrictions into it. A mild form of the disease can manifest itself as a violation of the stool, and a severe one, in addition, differs:

anemia
feeling unwell;
flatulence;
weakness;
cold sweat.

Catarrhal gastritis

This mild form of stomach disease is the most common. With it, only the surface of the mucous tissue of the organ is affected. This type of inflammation occurs as a result of an elementary violation of the regimen and quality of nutrition, mild poisoning, food allergies, or prolonged exposure to stress.

Symptoms of gastritis of the stomach in adults are mild and quickly disappear with diet.

How does gastritis manifest itself in a catarrhal form:

belching with a sour smell;
pain in the epigastrium and in the left hypochondrium;
hyperthermia;
diarrhea;
gray plaque and dryness in the mouth;
malaise, headache.

The disease can be completely cured in a period of 2 to 7 days, depending on the severity of the condition.

Erosive form of gastritis

Signs and symptoms of erosive gastritis are expressed as follows:

pain in the abdomen after eating;
heartburn and nausea occur;
unstable chair;
vomiting with blood streaks;
black excrement.

All these phenomena occur unexpectedly and spontaneously, as they appear, the patient feels worse and worse. Chronic erosive gastritis is asymptomatic and painless. The patient feels the first symptoms after vomiting, where blood impurities are present.

Symptoms of atrophic gastritis

Indicate the development of this form of gastritis of the stomach, symptoms:

heaviness in the stomach;
epigastric discomfort;
belching with a rotten smell;
anemia;
sweating, malaise and weakness;
unstable chair;
too smooth tongue;
poor appetite and weight loss.

If, after belching, a sour taste remains in the mouth, this indicates that there is increased acidity, but if the taste is bitter, then hypoacid gastritis is likely. With this form of the disease, the pain may be aching, dull and occur mainly after eating. But a characteristic feature of the disease is that there may not be any discomfort or it manifests itself to a small extent. Acute pain is not normal in this type of disease.

The second distinguishing symptom is anemia, which occurs with this disease due to malabsorption of cyanocobalamin and iron with a decrease in the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Lack of folic acid, riboflavin and the above substances leads to the appearance of such a symptom of the disease as a "polished" tongue.

Symptoms of the hypertrophic form

The hypertrophic form of the disease is characterized by typical symptoms of intestinal inflammation:

belching;
nausea;
heartburn;
taste in the mouth;
bloating;
flatulence;
unstable chair;
decreased appetite.

They may appear to varying degrees or be completely absent. Therefore, such inflammation of the mucosa cannot be diagnosed on the basis of dyspeptic symptoms alone without additional instrumental studies.

In the chronic form of gastritis, the symptoms of the disease may not appear at all. This is the insidiousness of the hypertrophic form of the disease - the patient can suffer from it for a long time, and seek help from a doctor only when the disease is already running and treatment will be difficult.

Signs of fibrinous gastritis

Fibrinous gastritis occurs mainly on the basis of serious infectious diseases, such as scarlet fever, typhoid or smallpox. Inflammation can also develop with severe intoxication.

There are cases of fibrinous gastritis of the stomach, the symptoms of which do not differ from the superficial. This disease is accompanied by the usual set of symptoms:

belching;
hypersalivation;
specific taste in the mouth;
nausea;
discomfort in the left hypochondrium.

In some cases, there is hyperthermia, headaches, weakness and chills. With the course of the disease, the intensity of pain increases, vomiting appears with an admixture of bile, mucus and blood.

Necrotizing (toxicochemical) gastritis

With inflammation of the gastric mucosa caused by the penetration of toxic substances, a necrotic form of the disease develops. It is more susceptible to people whose activities are related to chemical production, as well as people who are in a state of constant alcohol intoxication (highly concentrated methyl and ethyl alcohol is especially dangerous).

Mucosal damage during poisoning is serious, deep layers of tissues are affected. Possible necrosis of individual areas, the formation of ulcers and erosion. Signs of gastritis of the stomach appear immediately after intoxication.

With necrotizing gastritis, the symptoms are expressed:

severe pain in the stomach;
nausea, vomiting with mucus and blood;
pain in the throat, esophagus, saliva viscosity and difficulty swallowing;
pallor, weakness, intense thirst.

Intoxication is life-threatening, especially if it causes peritonitis or pain shock. The result of inflammation are rough scars in the esophagus and on the gastric mucosa. These conditions lead to a narrowing of the lumen of the organs and a deterioration in the patient's life.

Phlegmonous gastritis

The first signs of gastritis of this form are as follows:

severe pain in the stomach;
hyperthermia and chills;
rapid deterioration of the picture of the disease;
profuse vomiting, often with an admixture of pus;
difficulty in palpation due to muscle tension;
weak and rapid pulse.

With a decrease in acidity, the patient develops rumbling in the abdomen, belching, morning vomiting, instability of the stool, and burning along the esophagus. The reason for this is the reflux of contents back into the esophagus.

Phlegmonous inflammation of the stomach often occurs in a chronic form. The disease is extremely rare. For an attack of gastritis, the appearance of symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss and hyperthermia is characteristic.

Symptoms of hypoacid gastritis

With low acidity, gastritis develops, the symptoms of which are not felt at first and do not cause a deterioration in the quality of life. The body quickly adapts even to increased signs of the disease, so the patient appears at the doctor's appointment at a late stage. The main symptoms of the disease are associated with impaired transportation, digestion and assimilation of food.

Hypoacid gastritis of the stomach has symptoms:

belching with a rotten smell and bad breath;
morning sickness;
mild pain during or after eating;
heaviness after eating;
rumbling and flatulence;
unstable chair;
vomiting or nausea after eating.

Patients with gastritis of the stomach suffer from a decrease or complete lack of appetite, this is mainly due to pain and deterioration after eating.

Hyperacid gastritis

Chronic gastritis with normal acidity does not have a pronounced manifestation and occurs only with contributing factors.

Symptoms of gastritis with high acidity: heartburn and belching with a sour smell are the main manifestations of hypocidic gastritis, in addition, there are cutting or aching pains in the stomach and left hypochondrium, and with antral gastritis it can hurt on the right side. Also not uncommon:

constipation and flatulence;
morning sickness and vomiting after sour food;
night or hunger pains with long intervals in eating.

The chronic form of gastritis is a prolonged inflammation of the stomach, which gradually worsens and periodically gives exacerbations. Therefore, in the case:

the appearance of heaviness in the stomach;
discomfort or pain;
flatulence or bloating;
unstable stool;
weaknesses;
general deterioration of well-being;
nausea or vomiting.

You should consult a doctor and get tested. This measure sometimes helps in the early stages to prevent the development of serious pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, and even save the patient's life.

You should know what symptoms signal the disease. Sometimes oncological pathologies of the digestive system can develop hidden for a long time, and if you ignore the first “rings” of the disease, you can miss the time when the disease is still amenable to surgical treatment.

Stress, irregular, unbalanced diet with a predominance of harmful products often leads to the development of a gastroenterological disease - gastritis. There can be many causes, the symptoms of manifestation are varied, depending on the nature of the disease (acute, chronic), general health and the impact of external factors. The main methods of treating this disease include: professional help in a hospital, getting rid of the disease at home. In both cases, a special diet and medications are required.

Ways to treat gastritis at home

Gastritis is a very insidious disease that can occur in children, adults and even during pregnancy. The cause of its occurrence, doctors call the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, great stress, malnutrition, trauma to the gastric mucosa. Several types of disease should be distinguished:

Hypoacid- there is a minimum production of gastric acid and juice.
hyperacid- gastritis, accompanied by increased acidity in the stomach.

This disease is characterized by symptoms:

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
weakness;
feeling of discomfort in the stomach;
lack of appetite;
heartburn, unpleasant belching with hyperacid gastritis.

It is possible to treat gastritis in a hospital setting or at home. But without fail, it is necessary to follow the advice and instructions of the doctor, and in case of deterioration of health or the absence of a positive trend, it is necessary to contact the doctor for a second consultation. If treatment is neglected, this can lead to the formation of an ulcer, and it is much more difficult to fight peptic ulcers. How to treat gastritis at home:

adhere to proper nutrition;
during treatment, take medications prescribed by a doctor;
drink mineral water;
use for the treatment of traditional medicine.

Therapeutic diet

A prerequisite during the treatment of chronic gastritis is to follow a diet, follow all the doctor's instructions regarding food preparation. Without proper nutrition, the process of treatment, restoration of the stomach lining is very difficult, and the likelihood of a recurrence of the disease increases by 95%. Particular attention should be paid to the diet during an exacerbation of chronic gastritis, which is especially observed after stress or during seasons when the body is especially weakened - in spring and autumn. The choice of treatment, diet depends on the type of disease and is prescribed by a doctor.

Dishes prepared with a large use of fat, oil and various spices (salt, seasonings, garlic).
Products that provoke an increased secretion of juice by the stomach. These include: coffee, alcoholic and low-alcohol drinks, plants of the legume family, sausages, cabbage, smoked meats.
Foods that a priori have a negative effect on the lining of the stomach, such as fatty meat, radishes, mushrooms.
I eat hot, because exposure to high temperatures negatively affects the already inflamed stomach lining.

Lean fish, meat.
Kissel from fruits, puree.
Dairy products with low fat content.
It is advisable to use the minimum amount of seasonings and salt.
It is useful to restore acidity to use mineral water "Borjomi". The recommended dose is 1 cup half an hour before a meal.

With gastritis, during treatment, when there is low acidity in the stomach, it is important to follow a few rules:

Eat food daily at a specific time. It is necessary to draw up a menu, a nutrition schedule, conditionally dividing the diet into 5 meals.
Chew food thoroughly - during chewing, more gastric juice is produced, and well-chopped pieces of food do not injure the esophagus and gastric mucosa.
The process of eating food should be slow.

Pickles, richly seasoned, spicy dishes.
Alcoholic drinks.
Dishes prepared by baking or frying in oil or fat.
Fatty, sinewy meat, mushrooms.

The following products will be useful for gastritis with low acidity in the stomach:

Dairy products (kefir, cheese, cottage cheese), milk.
Fruit and vegetable puree.
Fruit juices.
Boiled or steamed chicken or rabbit meat, fish fillet.

Watch the video to find out which foods provoke inflammation of the gastric mucosa and what you can not eat in the treatment and exacerbation of the disease:

Medications

Along with diet and proper nutrition, gastritis is treated with medications. Their main goal is to fight the causes, viruses that provoked the onset of the disease or its exacerbation, pain relief. Conventionally, for the treatment of this disease, all drugs can be divided into several groups:

Antibiotics. Medicines are aimed at combating Helicobacter pylori, which provokes the development of gastritis. Often doctors prescribe the following antibiotic options - amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole. The duration of treatment cannot exceed two weeks.

Means for the normalization of acidity in the stomach: (reduces the activity of enzymes that are responsible for the production of acid in the stomach); Ranitidine (the elements contained in the drug block the receptors responsible for the production of acid in the stomach).
Antacids- drugs that relieve pain, due to their enveloping properties, create a protective shell on the walls of the stomachs. These treatments include: Almagel, Gastal, Maalox. The disadvantage of this drug is the need to use it throughout the day, at least 5 times.
Additionally, for the treatment of gastritis can be used other drugs. For example, Festal - promotes the production of enzymes that are responsible for the process of digestion of certain components in the stomach (fats, carbohydrates, proteins).

Folk remedies

Often patients with gastritis choose folk remedies for the treatment of the disease. As a rule, this happens due to the inefficiency of traditional methods, unwillingness to swallow packs of pills. For this, medicinal herbs, plants, bee products can be used. Before you start using this or that method, you should consult a doctor, not all treatment methods are equally good and suitable for different types of gastritis. Some medicines in combination with traditional medicine can lead to complications, new diseases of the stomach.

The most effective folk remedies for the treatment of gastritis:

potato juice. For 10 days, you need to drink the juice of raw potatoes in the morning on an empty stomach. After taking the remedy, it is recommended to lie down for half an hour or an hour.

Plantain tincture for gastritis. Preparation: Pour 40 grams of plantain (leaves) with water (0.25 l), insist for 10 hours, strain through cheesecloth. It is necessary to take three times a day 30 minutes before meals, spreading 2 tbsp. spoons of tincture in 0.5 cups of water. The course of treatment is 28 days.
It has a good effect on the gastric mucosa during gastritis propolis. For a liter of milk, take 50 gr. bee product and heat the mixture. Take one hundred ml every day.

Flax seeds and linseed oil have a beneficial effect on the gastric mucosa with gastritis. It is possible to use it by adding it to food, or taking one teaspoon in the morning and on the eve of sleep with water.
Combine chopped celandine with honey and take mixed products for gastritis for the first two days in a teaspoon and another 5 in a tablespoon.
Combine wine, honey, aloe - insist the mixture for two weeks. Take one teaspoon of home remedy daily.
Sea buckthorn oil is good for gastritis. It should be taken according to the scheme: 1 teaspoon in the morning before breakfast and 1 in the evening before dinner.

brewed chamomile helps reduce inflammation. During treatment, it should be taken before every meal, and to add flavor, it is worth adding honey or milk.

Video: how to treat gastritis of the stomach according to Neumyvakin

Wanting to find an effective method of treating gastritis, many institutes, professors of medicine are working on studying the disease and possible methods for getting rid of it. A panacea for gastritis has not yet been invented. Some doctors of sciences, doctors annually present several innovative methods or medicines, which, according to them, will be a salvation for patients.