Sprinkled day 17 of the conception cycle. Signs and symptoms of pregnancy on different days of the cycle

Every month, the reproductive system of a woman undergoes certain changes that leave an imprint on both her physiological and psychological state. They are necessary so that the female body can prepare for conception - and then for the onset of pregnancy. Such changes are regular and are called the menstrual cycle - which, in turn, consists of several phases.

Let's take a closer look at how they go, how long they last, and what signs indicate the onset of each phase.

The first phase of the menstrual cycle is called the menstrual cycle.

What should you know about menstruation?

Its duration is approximately 3-7 days.

It is characterized by the following symptoms:

1. Bloody discharge from the vagina.
2. Breast augmentation.
3. Pain in the abdomen.
4. Irritability.
5. Pain in the lumbar region.
6. Changeability of mood.
7. Nausea and sometimes vomiting.
8. Headache.

Optionally, all of the above signs will accompany "critical" days. In many girls, they pass quietly, and the only thing that indicates menstruation is the presence of uterine bleeding.

The cause of painful and heavy periods, nausea, chills, headaches may be an increased level of prostaglandins in the blood in this phase. These chemicals are produced by uterine tissue and cause it to contract.

The menstrual cycle begins from the day the bleeding started from the genitals. During it, the old endometrium is rejected.

Uterine bleeding indicates that pregnancy did not occur in the previous cycle.

At the same time, the ovaries begin to develop follicles. The so-called bubbles filled with liquid. Each of them contains one egg. Under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone, they begin to ripen.

How thick should the lining of the uterus be during menstruation?

What happens during the second, follicular (proliferative) phase of the cycle?

After the end of menstruation, the female body begins to prepare for the possible conception of a baby. All processes occurring during this period are called follicle stimulating hormone which, in turn, is produced by the pituitary gland.

So, FSH has a huge impact on the level of estrogen in the blood. Starting from the 1st day of menstruation, it rapidly grows upwards. Due to this, the endometrium, which has grown in a new cycle, is saturated with blood and various nutrients. This is necessary so that, in the event of a successful conception, the fertilized egg can receive everything in the uterus that it needs for further growth and development.

Immediately after the end of menstruation, one follicle “overtakes” its comrades in its development, as a result of which the latter stop growing and return to their previous state. The "winning" vial of liquid continues to grow the egg.

The size of the bubble with liquid in diameter

About the well-being of a woman during this period

During the second phase, the girl:

1. Efficiency increases.
2. The mood improves.
3. Increased sexual desire.

Thickness of the endometrium in the proliferative phase

Third, ovulatory phase of the cycle

The ovulatory phase, unlike the others, lasts very little - approximately 24-36 hours. It is during it that women have a chance to become pregnant.

The level of the hormone estrogen in the third phase is at its highest level. During ovulation, the level of luteinizing hormone in the blood increases, but the concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone decreases.

What happens to the mature egg during this phase?

First, it destroys the wall of the follicle - and, with the help of the villi of the epithelium, begins to move into the fallopian tube.

Then, if it meets with a spermatozoon, then it is fertilized.

Otherwise, the egg dies a day after leaving the ovary, after which it dissolves in the uterine mucosa.

In addition, you can determine the presence or absence of ovulation using home tests.

The beginning of the ovulatory phase can also be detected on ultrasound examination, during which the doctor will have to find out what the size of the ovaries and cervix are, and in what condition they are now.

The thickness of the endometrium in the ovulatory phase should be within 1-1.3cm.

The fourth phase of the menstrual cycle is the phase of the corpus luteum, or luteal

Its duration is fourteen days.

After the egg leaves the vial with liquid, a body begins to grow at the site of its rupture, which has a yellow color. It produces estrogens, androgens, as well as the "pregnancy hormone" progesterone.

If the corpus luteum produces a small amount of progesterone, then fertilization of the egg may not occur for a long time.

So that a woman can become pregnant and then give birth to a child on time, doctors can prescribe her to take special hormonal preparations.

What other function does progesterone perform?

Thanks to him, the endometrium softens, becomes loose, increases in thickness. This is necessary so that the fetal egg can penetrate into it.

Pregnancy has come or not - you can find out only at the end of the luteal phase. Menstruation, if conception has occurred, will not begin. The basal temperature will be kept at around 37.3.

Can be done with homemade test, which can be bought at any pharmacy, or by donating blood at the clinic for the level of hCG.

Nausea, dizziness and other signs of a conception that has occurred appear much later.

Signs and symptoms of the luteal phase

If the egg was not fertilized by a sperm, then in the first days of the luteal phase, the girl will feel great. A woman “in position” will feel the same way.

The only sign that can indicate to her an accomplished conception is the appearance of a few drops of blood on her underwear - - 7-10 days after intimacy.

If pregnancy has not occurred, then a few days before menstruation, the woman's condition may change. She may have PMS syndrome, which is often associated with the irritability and anxiety of a woman. Her mammary glands may swell, as well as minor pains in the abdomen.

What should be the thickness of the endometrium during the luteal phase?

Each representative of the fair sex has to deal monthly with the phases of her menstrual cycle, with their own characteristics and characteristic symptoms. These phases are significant stages that are responsible for the reproductive function of the female body. The duration and nature of the menstrual phases are more individual, but the basics and sequence of their flow remain unchanged and have their respective names. This whole significant process is cyclical, and begins with the advent of menstrual bleeding, which is considered to be the first of the three phases of the menstrual cycle.

Any girl or woman in the age range from puberty to menopause must understand the work of her body and understand the purpose of all three phases of the menstrual cycle. With the help of this knowledge, you can easily calculate the favorable period for conceiving a child or, on the contrary, protect yourself from unwanted pregnancy and some health problems.

The main phases of the cycle

Every month, with a regular cycle in the body of a woman, three successive phases of the menstrual cycle occur. They are characterized by a logical sequence and serve one big goal - creating favorable conditions for the fertilization of the egg and procreation. The menstrual cycle is divided into three main phases:

• Follicular (first phase);
• Ovulation (second phase);
• Luteal (third phase).

These stages perform the functions according to their name. These phases are based on hormonal regulation, which promotes the process and controls its outcome. The beginning of the menstrual cycle is the beginning of the very first phase - the follicular, it is she who starts such an important process as the formation and.

The first is the follicular phase

The initial phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by intensive growth of follicles and the formation of an egg in them. The first day of menstruation kicks off a new follicular phase of the cycle and begins intensive production of follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogen. During this period, there is a growth of follicles, which a little later will become a receptacle and a place for the maturation of the egg.

Estrogen provides support to the follicles and this lasts about 7 days, until one of the follicular vesicles reaches the necessary parameters for the maturation of an egg in it. Further, the focus of growth is only on the egg, and the "extra" follicles stop functioning. A high concentration of estrogen gives a signal to start the production of luteinizing hormone, which, in turn, prepares for future ovulation. The duration of the first phase is individual for each woman, but it should not exceed 20 days.

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The second phase is ovulation

The second phase of the menstrual cycle is quite short, but at the same time very significant. Ovulation is the achievement for which the menstrual cycle actually exists. It is intended for the possibility of fertilization and the realization of the main purpose of a woman - procreation. The ability and possibility of fertilization is possible in just 48 hours, and sometimes less. During this short period of 2 days, the woman's reproductive system is faced with a responsible task, and if fertilization does not occur, the egg dies.

An increased concentration of luteinizing hormone contributes to increased maturation and subsequent release of the egg from the follicle. Under its action, important processes occur that ensure the preparation of the walls of the endometrium. When the egg reaches full maturity and is ready for fertilization, the follicular vesicle ruptures and a full-fledged egg enters the fallopian tube to merge with the sperm. In the cavity of the ruptured follicle, an intensive growth of the corpus luteum begins, which, in turn, leads to an intensive production of progesterone and provides favorable conditions for successful fertilization and implantation of a fertilized ovum into the uterine wall. The next cycle can have 2 outcomes, depending on whether fertilization has occurred or not.

Third phase - luteal

The development of the third phase of the menstrual cycle can take place in two scenarios: with a fertilized egg or if fertilization has not occurred. This time, special attention is paid to the formed corpus luteum. It, in case of successful conception, leads to the active production of luteal hormone, which supports and nourishes the fertilized egg until the placenta is formed. Due to the importance of the purpose of this hormone, the third phase has its characteristic name - luteal. Together with the luteal hormone, during this period, the active production of progesterone, which is also actively involved in supporting the fetal egg, continues. Ultimately, the harmonious and mutually beneficial production of female hormones provides complete preparation for fertilization, fusion, and subsequent nutrition and protection of the already fertilized fetal egg.

If fertilization still does not occur, the corpus luteum stops its development and atrophies. The prepared loosened uterine mucosa and the dead egg are rejected and come out in the form of menstrual bleeding, which, in turn, already means the beginning of a new, first phase, and the entire described process is repeated anew.

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Cycle phases by day

The phases of the menstrual cycle by day are conditionally divided into 3 intervals. The first and third phases are considered the longest. At the same time, it is interesting that the follicular and ovulation phases have an individual and unfixed duration, and the luteal phase always corresponds in duration - 2 weeks or 14 days. As many people know, the entire menstrual cycle can last from 20 to 35 days, and this will be considered the norm. Menstrual bleeding is also individual in nature, but it is necessary for every lady.

To understand what and when happens during these +/- 28 days, it is necessary to consider the duration of each specific phase.

1. The follicular phase is the period from the beginning of menstruation to the full readiness for the release of the egg from the follicle (ovulation). Depending on the characteristics of the body, it can last from 7 to 20 days. At the beginning of this phase, a woman experiences malaise and discomfort in the lumbar region and lower abdomen. Later, strength is restored and unpleasant symptoms recede.
2. - the time when the egg is ready for fertilization. This phase is the shortest and most important. The ability of the egg to merge with the sperm and fertilize lasts from 20 to 48 hours, which is also purely individual and depends on many factors. Some women feel ovulation and even observe characteristic discharge on their underwear.
3. . Regardless of whether fertilization has occurred or not, this phase continues for the last 14 days. If pregnancy has not occurred, then its end and, therefore, the beginning of a new cycle will be monthly bleeding. During this period, many ladies suffer from premenstrual syndrome () and experience not the most pleasant physical and psychological symptoms and sensations in their body. If, nevertheless, the menstrual cycle has fulfilled its intended purpose, and fertilization has taken place, then pregnancy occurs and further actions of female hormones will focus on the growth, nutrition and development of the fetus.

What can affect the shift of the cycle

The considered phases of menstruation are a very clear and fragile mechanism that can be broken due to many factors. The main promoters of these phases are hormones that mutually benefit each other to achieve a common goal - the conception and birth of a child. Violation of the production of any of the hormones will lead to a break in the sequential chain and will affect the final outcome and the duration of the cycle.

Early signs of pregnancy appear in women at different times, since the cycles are slightly different for everyone. For some, this is 16 - 18, for others - 20 days. But the main messengers of conception can be seen on the 21st - 22nd day of the cycle.

The very first signs - can you feel it?

The modern world offers a large number of means of determining pregnancy at the earliest possible date. Most often they are reliable in the first weeks after a delay in menstruation. Emotional by nature, women can feel the slightest changes in their body and, even before the end of the menstrual cycle, suspect signs of the birth of a small life.

They are unlikely to name the exact date of conception, and the beginning of the cycle for each is marked on the calendar. Obstetricians will take this day as a basis for calculating the duration of pregnancy and the upcoming birth. Women planning motherhood are more likely to determine their due date if they track ovulation, which occurs more often in the middle of the cycle.

The frequency of the cycle is different for everyone, most often it is a 4-week period, but it can be both shorter and longer. As soon as the fertilization of the egg has occurred, metamorphoses occur in the woman's body. For some, they do not immediately become noticeable, others feel the slightest nuances of physiological transformation already on the 16th - 18th day of the cycle.

The first are the most responsible and wonderful transformations

The zygote is a single-celled embryo that travels through the fallopian tube for about 6 days. Its purpose is a warm and nourishing uterus. At the same time, the ovary produces the corpus luteum, which is responsible for the production of the necessary hormones that will support the onset of pregnancy.

The introduction into the wall of the uterus takes place on the 7th day (22-23 days from the beginning of the cycle). Small bleeding during these 2 days is possible, but not necessary.

On the 24th - 25th day of the cycle or on the 9th day after the birth of a new life, the fetal egg is arranged, its place is carefully guarded, and its outer layer signals the onset of pregnancy with the help of the hCG hormone.

The new hormone in the body works like a skilled and experienced leader. All systems work hard:

• heart;
• lungs;
• kidneys;
• endocrine glands.

This mechanism launches a miracle machine, it is no coincidence that women, even before the delay, suggest a possible pregnancy.

What signs can indicate the conception that has taken place

The onset of pregnancy does not pass asymptomatically, the first signs are considered insignificant, attentive women will feel them:

• Bloody discharge 6-12 days from the start of ovulation if the couple had unprotected intercourse (similar to the onset of menstruation, but the color is yellowish-brown;
• An elevated basaltic temperature of up to 37⁰ or a little higher lasts for a long time and does not change at the time of the delay of a new cycle - it speaks of a hormonal factor when progesterone works to provide the fetus and create better conditions for it;
• A sharp drop in t⁰, and then the restoration of an increased basal temperature. Symptoms of chills appear, the face turns red, but a feeling of heat can come on sharply, it becomes stuffy. Change of heat and cold - the first signs of pregnancy on the 20th - 21st day;
• The condition of the breast, usually painful before menstruation, may remain unchanged. In rare cases, on the contrary, the skin around the nipples swells;
• A feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen, due to the large flow of blood to the walls of the uterus, a woman can notice on the 21st - 28th day of the cycle.
• A change in libido from 22 to 26 days indicates hormonal changes, desires may not arise at all or flare up with a strong attraction.
• Lack of sleep, agitation, weak superficial sleep, early awakening may indicate conception on days 18-22 - this is relevant.
• Lack of attention during the daytime, drowsiness and a depressed psyche will support the version of pregnancy as early as 22-25 days.
• A change in the sense of smell and taste of familiar foods, even before the onset of a delay, will confirm a possible conception.
• The surest sign can be early toxicosis, on the 11th - 14th day after the accomplished conception, the expectant mother may experience nausea. On the 22nd - often vomiting in the morning.

Dependence of signs of pregnancy on the development of the fetus

The most basic changes in the development of the fetus begin from the 21st - 22nd day of the cycle, and the first signs of pregnancy are most pronounced from this time.

The formation of the nervous system of the fetus affects the change in the work of the taste buds of the expectant mother.

The spinal cord, brain and heart muscle, developing in the womb, bring a headache to a woman, her sense of smell becomes sharp, and pleasant smells begin to irritate a woman until now.

The level of hormonal adjustment on the 22nd - 23rd day, increases salivation, a state of mild nausea in the morning is the first sign of a successful conception. After this period, a pregnancy test for some girls may slightly color the second strip.

From about 27 to 28 days, the signs become brighter. Certain eating habits appear, the woman is disoriented, she is confused by smells or attracted, even those that she did not notice in the recent past. She often refuses to eat her usual food. Spicy and salty foods attract.

So the body reacts to a lack of vitamins, trace elements, minerals necessary for the development of the fetus. A planned pregnancy should focus on the consumption of only high-quality and healthy products from the first days.

If your period is late, you need to check your assumptions about a successful conception with a test. After 2 days, repeat testing is simply necessary if the first attempt did not give a solid result.

Primary signs and a positive test are almost a 100% guarantee of motherhood. A visit to the doctor will be necessary, and the sooner, the calmer the mother will be for the future life of the little man.

Causes of brown vaginal discharge

Brown discharge from the vagina is almost always a symptom of some kind of pathology. Based on their appearance, an examination may be prescribed. Consider several possible causes of this phenomenon in different phases of the menstrual cycle, as well as during pregnancy.

Girls get acquainted with menstruation at the age of 11-16, and brown discharge - what is it, and what is the nature of their appearance? In fact, this is the same blood, but only released in small quantities, mixed with vaginal secretions, which is why the color is not bright. Blood may appear from the uterus (endometrium) or cervix (in violation of the integrity of its mucosa). That is why the doctor first of all conducts a gynecological examination, which assesses the condition of the vaginal mucosa and cervix, and then prescribes an ultrasound scan, on which you can study the condition of the endometrium.

And now about the possible causes of daubing. But, as you know, this is only an assumption. For the diagnosis of one symptomatology will not be enough.

At the beginning of the cycle

Brown discharge after menstruation, more precisely after their soon completion, usually occurs due to trauma to the cervix or vagina (for example, as a result of sexual intercourse), or when taking hormonal contraceptives. In the first case, the doctor can make a diagnosis after examination. As a rule, this does not require treatment, perhaps only anti-inflammatory and sexual rest.

If hormonal contraception was to blame, brown discharge in women can be quite long, albeit meager. Such a reaction to the drug is simply called addiction. And this addiction can take up to three months, and the discharge can appear in any phase of the cycle.

You should not worry if spotting appears as if at the end of menstruation - this is normal.

In the middle of a cycle

The reason is ovulation. In some cases, this natural process can cause a woman pain in the ovary and even daub. This is about 12-14 days of the cycle. Later, after 5-8 days, spotting brown discharge may occur due to the implantation of a fertilized egg in the endometrium if conception has occurred. Therefore, if you are healthy, live sexually and suddenly notice brown discharge on the 17-20th day of the cycle, it is quite possible that this is pregnancy. Wait another 2-3 days and it will be possible to donate blood for hCG to confirm or refute this version.

But brown discharge in the middle of the cycle can also be associated with diseases. For example, adenomyosis, tumors of the body of the uterus, etc. often manifest themselves in this way. Quite often, large-sized uterine fibroids become the cause of bleeding.

At the end of the cycle

If you notice brown discharge before menstruation, then it is quite possible that this is menstruation, which for some reason came a little earlier. During the life of a woman, the cycle can both shorten and lengthen, the amount of blood lost and the duration of menstruation can also change - all this is the norm.

But brown discharge at the end of the cycle can also occur due to a disease (see above).

During pregnancy

The appearance of a daub, contrary to popular belief, does not always predict pregnancy loss. There are cases, albeit rare, when this kind of discharge, not harmful to the body of the mother and child, appeared in the first half of pregnancy on the usual monthly days (that is, in accordance with the cycle, every 4 weeks). It is worth noting that this brown discharge in early pregnancy is very scarce.

Another possible cause may be a gynecological examination. Why are many expectant mothers afraid to undergo it, allegedly because of the risk of miscarriage. However, an examination will not provoke a miscarriage. But sometimes taking smears, inserting a gynecological speculum into the vagina, leads to the smallest lesions of the mucous membrane, which becomes especially vulnerable during the period of bearing a child. Therefore, brown discharge occurs during pregnancy after examination.

However, there are more serious reasons. These include ectopic. This pathology is very difficult to detect in the early stages. And often it is the daub that is the only alarming symptom.

Another possible reason is missed pregnancy. That is, the cessation of the development of the embryo, its death. The fetal membranes, the endometrium begin to slowly be rejected - that's why brown discharge appears.

With the same symptom, a miscarriage sometimes begins. This state is called threatened. If the embryo is alive, its heart contractions are diagnosed on ultrasound, they try to save the pregnancy if the woman wants it. Treatment is usually carried out in a hospital. If the bleeding intensifies, clots begin to stand out - we are already talking about a miscarriage in the course, when the pregnancy cannot be saved.

If brown discharge is noticed in the second trimester of pregnancy - we can talk about placental abruption. For long periods, this condition can threaten a woman's life due to the risk of heavy bleeding.

Before childbirth, a daub often appears simultaneously with the release of the mucous plug from the cervix.

In addition, bleeding beyond the term can occur due to hormonal disorders, which are not uncommon in adolescent girls, breastfeeding women, and women who are just around the corner of menopause.

These are the possible causes of this trouble. Do not make your own diagnoses, go to the antenatal clinic, and the doctor will figure everything out and prescribe treatment if necessary.