The layout of the apartment for a wheelchair user. Arrangement of living quarters for a person in a wheelchair

Rehabilitation of disabled children
How to equip an apartment for the needs of a disabled child?

The right to live in an apartment specially equipped for the needs of a child with limited mobility and/or self-care ability is defined by Article 15 of Federal Law No. 181 of November 24, 1995 “On the Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”. Moreover, article 16 of this law provides for the responsibility of officials for evading the fulfillment of these requirements.

The rules for granting benefits to disabled people and families with disabled children for providing them with living quarters, paying for housing and utilities, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 27, 1996 No. 901, indicate that the equipment and equipping of apartments is based on the recommendations of the IPR and financed by the owners of the premises.

This means that the administration of the locality at the place of residence is obliged to re-equip the apartment at its own expense only in the municipal housing stock. In all other cases, funding is provided either at the expense of the parents of a disabled child (if they are the owners of the apartment), or at the expense of charitable sources or additional programs of state social support for the population.

Installation in the apartment of devices that do not violate the structure of the building (handrails, stops, lifts in the bathroom, etc.) is made on the basis of recommendations in an individual rehabilitation program initiated by the parents of a disabled child. The technical means themselves, their installation are purchased or paid for by the territorial body of social protection according to the scheme adopted to provide a disabled child with technical means of rehabilitation.

In cases where the installation of technical devices requires intervention in the structure of the building (refurbishment of interior entrances, installation of equipment in the bathroom on load-bearing walls, installation of elevators on flights of stairs, installation of an external elevator, etc.), it is necessary to obtain an opinion from the engineering service.

In addition, when changes affect common areas (stairwells, vestibules, elevators in an apartment building), it is advisable to obtain the consent of other residents whose interests may be affected by the upcoming transformations.

Unfortunately, Russian legislation does not provide for separate standard instructions for equipping apartments in which disabled children live.

Nevertheless, according to your application to the head of the Management Company or the HOA in the house, they are required to make ramps at the exit from the entrance, and on each floor - to technically solve the problem with the equipment of removable ramps or moving lifts.

If this is not possible, then you can insist on moving to the first floor of a residential building located in the municipal housing stock.

The application is written in any form, with an ITU certificate of a disabled person, an individual rehabilitation program and a copy of the financial and personal account (or an extract from the house book). If you are refused to solve this problem, referring to the technical impossibility of solving it, then you need to contact the Housing Commission of your area with a request to exchange this apartment for an apartment located on the ground floor of a residential building in your area. And if it is not resolved there, feel free to go to court.

The peculiarities of arranging apartments for people with disabilities moving in wheelchairs is that they need more space to move than healthy people. In accordance with this, when re-equipping an apartment, it is first necessary to identify the routes of movement of a person in a wheelchair, coordinate his movement in all rooms and only then arrange furniture and equipment.

Entrance to the apartment
Entrances to residential buildings should be placed at a level closest to the ground The ideal entrance to a building for wheelchair users is at the same level as the sidewalk As a rule, in order to prevent water from flooding the premises, a step 0.15- 0.2 m
Ramp The width is usually not less than 0.9 m. ramp and horizontal platforms, bumpers with a height of at least 0.05 m are required to prevent the wheelchair from slipping. The ramp coating should not be slippery (Fig. 1)

Handrails are installed on both sides of the ramp. Handrails at the railing of the ramp should, as a rule, be provided with double ones at a height of 0.7 m and 0.9 m In accordance with the recommendations of EG Leontieva. wheelchair user, author of the book “Accessible Environment through the Eyes of a Disabled Person”, double handrails are preferable for the following positions, wheelchair users can use both the upper and lower handrails, in modern models of wheelchairs, the back height is reduced from 0.9 m to 0.8 m The installation of a lower paired handrail prevents such a wheelchair from falling sideways
It is necessary that the length of the ramp handrails on each side be greater than the length of the ramp itself by at least 0.03 m, and these sections must be horizontal. the recommended diameter is 0.04 m) The distance between the handrail and the wall is usually not less than 0.4-0.5 m The surface of the handrails is continuous along the entire length and strictly parallel to the surface of the ramp itself deformation due to children's games (skating, etc.) The ends of the handrails are either rounded or firmly attached to the surface, wall or posts, and when paired, they are also interconnected
When moving in a wheelchair, fingerless gloves are very useful, which protect hands from calluses. It is recommended to sheathe them with leather from the palmar part, and sew a mesh on the back side
The width of the horizontal area in front of the entrance to the apartment should provide the ability to turn the wheelchair for easy entry into the room. The depth of space for maneuvering the wheelchair in front of the door when opening from oneself must be at least 1.2 m, and when opening towards oneself - at least 1.5 m. The depth of the platform in front of the front door and the depth of the vestibule cannot be less than 1.2 m. The front door should, as a rule, open in the opposite direction from the ramp.
The front door of a residential building is the boundary between the public area and private housing. The requirement of accessibility is a priority for all front doors, without exception, since the tenants of any apartment can be visited by friends or relatives with physical disabilities, or they themselves can become disabled.
Entrance doors to buildings must have a width of at least 0.9 m and a height of at least 2.1 m. If there is a double-leaf door, the width of at least one of the door leaves must be at least 0.9 m. For doors located in the corner of the corridor, the distance from the handle to the side wall is at least 0.6 m. In the case of an existing doorway with a width of less than 0.9 m and, accordingly, a smaller (due to door hinges) door width, replacement of door hinges is recommended. Retrofitting the door with such hinges will allow it to open 180 degrees - parallel to the wall - and thus increase the width of the door. (Fig. 3)

Hallway and corridor
The area of ​​the hallway must comply with the ergonomic standards of the working area of ​​a person in a wheelchair, taking into account all possible hand movements and room for turning the wheelchair. Sufficient space to accommodate a disabled person in a wheelchair is a zone of 0.85x1.2 m. Comfortable space is 0.9x1.5 m.
There is a simple shoe remover that is easy to make yourself. (fig.5)

Near the entrance hall of the apartment, a place or pantry should be provided for storing materials and products used for work at home, with an area of ​​​​at least 4 square meters. m. This pantry is also recommended to be used as a place to store an outdoor stroller.
Doorways in the apartment must be at least 0.9 m. The main functional elements (hanger, switch, mirror, etc.) must be located at a height between 0.85 and 1.1 m.
If there is built-in furniture in the hallway, then the doors of the furniture should be held in place with magnetic latches. The height of the shelves in the closet, the height of the mirror in the hallway should be comfortable for a person in a wheelchair. Sockets and switches are at a convenient height.
Both in the hallway and in the entire apartment, it is recommended to remove all carpets, rugs and rugs that are not fixed around the perimeter of the room. If carpets are used, they must be securely reinforced, especially at the edges; the thickness of the coating, taking into account the pile, should not exceed 0.013 m. The most suitable floor in the apartment is wooden, covered with a special varnish with high friction force, or non-slip linoleum.
Corners at corners in the apartment should be as rounded as possible. All transitions in the apartment (if possible) should not have thresholds, steps or other height differences.
If it is necessary to install thresholds, their height should not exceed 0.025 m.
The width of the corridor should be sufficient for the free movement of a wheelchair user. The minimum width of the corridor in which a wheelchair can turn or turn around is 1.2 m. With a local narrowing of the passage, its width can be reduced to 0.85 m. The height of the passage to the bottom of the protruding structures must be at least 2.1 m.
In small apartments, for the convenience of turning the stroller in the corridor, it is recommended to remove extra doors. It is difficult for a person in a wheelchair to close the doors tightly, so the best option is the minimum number of doors.
Kitchen
The kitchen is a favorite place in every home. The kitchen area in the apartments of disabled people using a wheelchair must be at least 9 square meters. m, and its width is at least 2.2 m. Built-in furniture in the kitchen should provide for the possibility of wheelchair access to all tables and have the minimum necessary space for movement. When arranging furniture, one should be guided by the size of the functional areas - the necessary space for the movement of wheelchair users.
Approaches to equipment and furniture should have a width of at least 0.9 m, and if necessary, turn the wheelchair 90 degrees - at least 1.2 m.
The optimal reach of objects for a disabled person in a wheelchair is within:
* with side shelves - not higher than 1.4 m and not lower than 0.3 m from the floor;
* with a frontal approach - not higher than 1.4 m and not lower than 0.4 m
Kitchen tables, sink, stove should be at the same height, selected individually. All kitchen shelves and dish racks should be at such a height that the items in them can be easily reached by the disabled person. Pipes for supplying cold and hot water should be installed out of reach of hands and feet.
A very important issue in the refurbishment of the apartment is the placement of the washing machine. The main requirements are, being close to water and sewer pipes, having an accessible outlet, as well as easy access to the car.
The space under the kitchen sink should also be accessible for the wheelchair. A food waste disposer can be installed in the sink. It should be noted that this is an expensive pleasure. Installing such a grinder on the kitchen sink instead of a siphon and connecting it to the drain system, you can immediately solve the problem of taking out food waste. No debris, no odors, no dirt.
A simple technical tool, necessary not only in the kitchen, but throughout the apartment, is a device in the form of a “grabber”. With the help of such a device, it is easy to get any object.
Bathroom and toilet
Bathroom and toilet require refurbishment. The most convenient for a disabled person moving in a wheelchair is not a bath, but a shower. The size of such a cabin should be at least 1.2x0.9 m. In it, it is easy for a disabled person to transfer from a wheelchair to an ordinary plastic chair, use a flexible shower hose and wash themselves. The chair must be strengthened so that it does not move during transplantation from the stroller.
Handrails must be installed in the shower. It is also desirable that the handrails be near the sink. The mirror in the bathroom should be hung at a comfortable height.
A toilet combined with a bathroom is preferable: in this case, the space for maneuvering the stroller increases. (Fig. 10)

In modern small apartments, the bathroom is usually combined with a toilet. It is difficult for a disabled person to get into the bath and one cannot do without outside help. It is proposed to put a transverse board on the bathtub. It is advisable to upholster this board with corrugated rubber (so that it is not slippery to sit on it]. Using a board of various shapes, the disabled person moves from the wheelchair directly to the seat and washes in the bath on his own. If there are financial opportunities and sufficient space in the bathroom, you can install a lift. (Fig. . eleven)

Handrails must be made near the toilet and toilet rack. The door from the toilet opens outward, and the wide handle is at a height selected individually.
It is easy to slip on wet floors in the bathroom and toilet, so the flooring should be made of rough materials.
If necessary, handrails can be installed along the walls around the perimeter of the entire toilet at a height of 0.8-0.85 m above the floor. If a disabled person has a contracture in the hip or knee joint, it is recommended to put a nozzle on the toilet bowl.
Living room
The living room should not have extra furniture, let it be free to move in a wheelchair. It is advisable not to put small-sized furniture in the room, such as bedside tables. Small objects interfere with the passage of the stroller. Sockets, switches must be placed at a height convenient for the disabled. Windows should be wheelchair accessible and easy to open. Drawers in cupboards, books on the shelves, and dishes in the buffet should be accessible.
A technical tool - a "grabber" is always at hand, and even if glasses or some other object fall, with its help the disabled person will independently pick it up. The large handle on the room door makes it easy to open.
A simple device will help to put on socks or knee-highs on your own.
It is advisable to install a TV, music center and other equipment in built-in furniture. Optimal control of the equipment is remote. The most convenient telephone set for the home is a radiotelephone or cell phone, which is always nearby. Disabled people usually have a reduced adaptation of the body to the environment, and if funds are available, it can be recommended to install an air conditioner in the room, which allows you to regulate the humidity and temperature of the air in the room.
If a disabled person has the strength and desire, he can work without leaving his apartment. In this case, it is necessary to consider the organization of the working area in the room. First, it is the lighting of the workplace. It must necessarily be directed to the working area, should not create shadows in the working area and be bright enough.
To work on a sewing machine, you need a large table, at which it is convenient to sit on a wheelchair. The functional elements in the room should be located at a height between 0.85m and 1.10m above the floor.
Another way to work from home is to work on the computer. In this case. there is no extra furniture in the room, it is free to move in a wheelchair. The bedside tables, which are located under the table, are equipped with wheels, and the disabled person independently and easily moves them. The height of the working shelves of the cabinets is selected individually, and all items on them are accessible.
Bedroom
The bedroom is a rest room. A disabled person is recommended a special, special bed. The high bed is very comfortable. The height of such a bed allows you to put your feet under it, which are on the footboard of the stroller. In such a bed it is convenient not only to lie, but also to half-sit. To do this, you must either purchase a special headrest, or provide a device in the bed itself that regulates the rise. On the back of the bed, you can install either a special prefix with a table, or a handrail, with which it will be convenient to rise.

It is recommended to strengthen the handrail on the wall by the bed. The handrails are also on the side wall of the bed. These handrails will not allow you to fall out of bed, and will also help you move from it to the stroller. If the height of the bed is lower than the level of the seat of the stroller, then boards should be placed under the mattress to increase the height of the bed. A ship can be placed under the bed.
It is recommended to put a table near the bed. One of its surfaces can change position, it is easy to move it towards you, on the other plane you can put a phone or something else. The table has wheels and is easy to move. We remind you - no bedside rugs!
When choosing finishing materials and decorative fabrics for a room, flammable products should be avoided.
All devices, fixtures, accessories of the apartment are designed for maximum convenience and safety for the disabled. However, it is impossible to foresee all cases, therefore, when equipping an apartment, especially if a disabled person lives alone, it is recommended to install an alarm with an intercom for emergency assistance. When installing such an alarm, all rooms of the apartment are equipped with devices that perceive sound. Turning on the “panic button” goes to the dispatcher’s central post, which turns on the intercom and helps the disabled person: calls a doctor or provides other necessary assistance.
Balconies and loggias
Very often, the exit from the apartment for a disabled person is difficult, so the presence of a loggia or balcony in the apartment is very desirable. When arranging an accessible balcony (loggia), the following requirements must be met:
. use a dense corrugated floor covering;
. the maximum height of the thresholds and the height difference between the floor of the balcony and the interior of the house should be within 0.002 m, especially if ramps are not installed;
. install slopes descending from the doors;
. fences must be made taking into account the angle of view of a seated person (height ~ 0.6 m]. At the same time, parapets should not encourage children to climb on them

Materials provided by the St. Petersburg Public

organization of disabled people "Opportunity"

According to the legislation, a disabled person has the right to a well-maintained dwelling, equipped with special means and devices in accordance with an individual rehabilitation program. Families of disabled citizens also receive the right to expand housing conditions.

How to get an apartment for a disabled person? Describe the conditions and procedure for obtaining housing benefits.

Who is considered disabled

Eligibility for Housing Benefits

Conditions for the provision of housing for persons with disabilities

1. Family living in a dwelling, the area of ​​​​which, when converted to each relative, does not meet the required standards.
2. The technical and sanitary characteristics of the premises where the disabled person and his family live do not meet the established standards.
3. The apartment of a wheelchair user is located above the 2nd floor.
4. The family of a disabled person lives in the same living space in adjacent non-isolated rooms with other families that are not related to them by family ties.
5. On the same living space with another family, if a patient with a serious chronic disease lives in the family, with whom one cannot be in the same room.
6. A person with disabilities lives in a hostel or in a communal apartment (there are exceptions to this subparagraph).
7. Living for a long time on the terms of hiring, sub-leasing or renting housing.

How to register for housing

How to get an apartment for a disabled person? First of all, you need to register in the queue as needing to expand your living space. To do this, you will have to collect a package of documents and attach an appropriate application to it.

The list of documents for registration in the queue is as follows:

1. Certificate of recognition of a person with a disability.
2. A document that includes a set of rehabilitation measures (individual rehabilitation program).
3. Documents evidencing compliance with the requirements of social services for obtaining housing (certificate of family composition, extract from the House Book).
4. Other papers on request (medical certificates, extracts from the BTI, etc.)

The procedure for granting benefits

Affordable housing for disabled people of the 2nd group

Disabled people of the 2nd group are recognized as limited able-bodied.

However, citizens of this category also need special living conditions and care, therefore they have the right to enjoy housing benefits from the state.

Disabled people of the 2nd group registered as in need of housing apply for housing provided under a social contract of employment.

Housing for disabled people of the 2nd group must meet certain requirements in order to ensure the comfort of the disabled person living in it.

How should the living quarters be equipped?

1. The apartment should contain devices that facilitate the life and movement of a person with disabilities.
2. The area of ​​the premises must meet the standards established for citizens of this category.
3. When designing an apartment building for the disabled, the features of future residents are taken into account, in connection with which the house is equipped with ramps and special elevators.

If a person living in a room on the basis of a social lease agreement is sent to a special rehabilitation center or a home for the disabled, his housing is not transferred to anyone for six months. If relatives of a citizen remain in the apartment, then no one is guaranteed to occupy it for any period of time.

Single housing is provided only on condition that a citizen is able to serve himself without the help of third parties.

Other housing benefits

In addition to measures to provide living space, disabled people of any group apply for various housing benefits that alleviate their financial situation:

• 50% discount on utility and housing services (rent, payment for electricity, heating, water supply).
• Discount on the purchase of coal, gas and other means of heating for residents of houses where there is no centralized heating.