Acetone has risen in a child, what are the symptoms? What does acetone mean in a child’s urine? Medicines and enterosorbents

Many parents probably know what elevated acetone in children. According to world statistics, 4-6% of children from 1 to 13 years old are susceptible to acetone syndrome. Why does acetone increase in a child’s body? How to help your child cope with this illness?

What is acetone in children?

“Acetone in children”, or “acetonemic syndrome” - this is what is often called an increase in the number of ketone bodies in the blood. These bodies are chemical compounds that are formed in the liver from fatty and protein foods.

The formation of ketone bodies is a complex biological process, part of energy metabolism. When these metabolic products begin to accumulate in the liver, rapid growth of such cells occurs, and acetone increases in children.

Often this condition manifests itself with symptoms similar to poisoning or a common acute respiratory viral infection, but there is one significant difference - a pungent odor. It appears from the mouth and urine of children who suffer from acetone syndrome.

Acetone in children: reasons why it increases

Before moving on to treating acetone in children, you should determine the reasons for its occurrence. Experts identify 5 main reasons, in the presence of which acetone in children increases significantly:

decrease in blood glucose levels. This occurs due to prolonged fasting or insufficient nutrition to maintain proper metabolism in the body. Also, a decrease in glucose levels can occur due to poor nutrition: the presence of harmful substances in food, various additives and a large number of dyes;

disruption of food digestion. This indicates problems associated with poor functioning of the gastrointestinal tract; to diagnose and confirm the diagnosis, you should contact specialists in this field and do an ultrasound;

stress, past infectious diseases, injuries and the postoperative period may be likely causes of increased acetone. The adrenal glands are responsible for the “stress hormone” in the body, and when a child is depressed or upset about something, it is this organ that blocks the processing of carbohydrates and uses fats instead, which leads to an increase in acetone in children;

a large amount of proteins and fats in the body. Children's nutrition should be balanced and include all microelements in equal quantities. By the way, children’s diet should contain more carbohydrates than fats and proteins, since it is carbohydrates that provide the energy for the development of little fidgets. If you reduce or do not give children complex carbohydrates, acetone will appear;

diabetes. Acetone in children may indicate the presence of a disease such as diabetes. This is a fairly serious disease, so if your baby’s breath smells of acetone quite often, be sure to consult a doctor to get the necessary tests.

Acetone in the urine of a child: causes and methods of determination

You should buy such tests at pharmacies; be sure to check the date of manufacture and expiration date, this is important.

There are instructions in each box, please read them carefully. Dip a special strip into a container with your child's urine for a few seconds, then see the result.

If the test color shows a color with a value of +/- (0.5 mmol/l) or + (1.5 mmol/l), then the child’s condition is considered mild. With such indicators you can be treated at home.

The result ++ (4 mmol/l) indicates that the condition is moderate and you should go to the hospital for diagnosis.

Indicator +++ (10 mmol/l) is a severe case, since the presence of acetone in the urine is significantly higher than normal. Do not think about how to treat your child at home. This requires immediate hospitalization and quick medical care.

Acetone in a child: the symptoms of this disease are simple

There are symptoms of acetone syndrome in children in which acetone levels should be measured, these include:

frequent vomiting, especially when trying to eat something;

pale skin and dark circles under the eyes;

drowsiness, lethargy and weakness in the legs and arms;

acute abdominal pain, which may be accompanied by indigestion;

dizziness;

temperature 37-38 degrees and above;

presence of acetone odor in the child’s urine and mouth.

How to treat elevated acetone in children?

Failure of metabolism in the body and the formation of ketone bodies in excessive quantities is called “increased acetone in children.” Its treatment directly depends on both the severity of the condition and the causes of the disease.

In mild cases, you can get by with a diet and limit the consumption of unhealthy and harmful foods (see photo):

Food should be taken in small portions, 5-6 times a day. Drink more fluids, this will remove harmful substances from the body. You should not force-feed your children, especially during bouts of vomiting.

Such actions can only worsen the general condition. If the child himself says that he is hungry, you can feed him light carbohydrates: banana, semolina or oatmeal, but without adding dairy products.

If the level of acetone in the urine makes it clear that the condition requires help, then most likely it is so. The child should be examined in a medical facility and undergo a series of procedures - injections and droppers will help lower the level of acetone and improve the general condition.

After the necessary appointments, the baby can be transferred to treatment at home. It is important not to give any medications without a doctor’s prescription, as the situation may worsen significantly!

Video: Doctor Komarovsky about the dangers of increasing acetone in children

Acetone in children is not a disease, but a condition in which the amount of ketone bodies in the blood increases. When they accumulate in the child’s body, problems such as an unpleasant odor, nausea, vomiting, and increased fatigue may begin.

Since acetone is a dangerous substance, if there is an excess amount of it, the child’s body is simply poisoned. If the content of ketone bodies exceeds the norm, and parents do nothing with the child, then the process of dehydration of his body may soon begin.

To prevent serious and disastrous consequences, you need to know how to treat acetone in children at home.

Symptoms of increased acetone in the body

The presence of acetone in a child’s body can be determined by the following factors:

Poor physical activity - the child runs or moves little, prefers to sit and play quiet games, draw, sculpt, etc. He becomes lethargic and drowsy.
Pale skin color, bruises under the eyes.
Nausea and even vomiting.
Loss of appetite.
Pain, cramps in the abdomen.
Smell of acetone from the mouth and in the urine.
High body temperature (39 degrees).

Parents do not always understand that abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting can be associated with excess acetone. Most mothers think it's an intestinal infection. And an elevated body temperature in a child is correlated with a common cold.

How can you tell if your baby has too much acetone? To do this, you need to use special test strips. You can buy them at any pharmacy.

It is necessary to lower the litmus strip into a jar of collected child urine for a few seconds. After this we can draw a conclusion.

If a child has acetone in his urine, what does this mean?

It all depends on the values: if, according to the color scale on the package, the mother sees a result from 4 to 10 mmol/l, then this means that the child’s condition is of moderate severity.

If it is more than 10 mmol/l, then this indicates a serious condition and the child needs urgent medical attention. If the value on the scale does not reach 1.5 mmol/l, then this indicates a normal state of health.

Why does acetone appear in children?

The human body can only obtain energy from glucose. It is stored in the form of a substance called glycogen.

When a child plays sports, runs a lot, jumps, or is sick and his temperature rises, he gets energy from glycogen.

When this substance runs out, the body begins to take energy from fat reserves. And fat breaks down into glucose and acetone.

The smell of acetone from a child’s mouth means that the child’s body has run out of glucose reserves.

If a child has a smell of acetone from his breath, then it is necessary to exclude such a dangerous disease as diabetes. To do this, you should donate blood for sugar.

If the blood test is normal, and acetone is present in the urine, then this indicates that the child has acetone syndrome.

The main reason for the appearance of acetone in the body is an unbalanced, unhealthy diet: eating fast food, fatty, smoked foods; lack of cereals, fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet; binge eating; starvation.

Other possible reasons for the appearance of acetone in the blood may be:

Disturbance of the liver, adrenal glands, pancreas.
Intestinal dysbiosis.
Consequences of surgery performed using general anesthesia.
Increased body temperature.
Stressful situations.

How to remove acetone? Treatment at home

If parents suspect the presence of acetone in their child, they should definitely go to the doctor.

When acetone is elevated, a child does not always need hospital treatment. If the concentration of this substance is insignificant, then the doctor may prescribe home therapy.

Many parents are interested in how to reduce acetone in a child at home?

If a child feels sick or vomits, then the mother should help him by rinsing the intestines. Baking soda enema is the most effective way to cleanse the body of harmful substances..

For 1 glass of water you need to take 1 teaspoon of soda. It should not be forgotten that the water for the manipulation must be at room temperature.

Children under 1 year of age need to administer from 30 to 150 ml of solution; from 1 to 9 years, the volume of infused liquid is 200–400 ml, and from 10 years – 0.5 l.

The intestines will be completely cleansed when clean water begins to come out of the anus.

Frequent drinking

To prevent the process of dehydration, the child should be given an alkaline drink every 15 minutes.

This can be still mineral water (Borjomi) or water with soda and salt (for 1 liter of water you need to take 0.5 teaspoon of salt and soda). Alkaline water cleanses the body and normalizes energy metabolic processes.

When the child stops vomiting, you can give him sweet water or dried fruit compote. Sweet drinks that contain glucose will help your baby recover faster.

Medicine Regidron and Betargin

In order to prevent dehydration of the body, compensate for the loss of essential microelements, and also prevent complications, it is recommended to give the child the Regidron solution. Dissolve 1 sachet of powder in 1 liter of water.

You should drink the medicinal liquid in small sips up to 6 times per hour. Drink the entire solution throughout the day.

The price of Regidron powder for preparing the solution is approximately 400 rubles for 10 sachets.

How to reduce acetone and improve the child’s condition? Doctors often prescribe Betargin along with dietary supplements. This medicine contains arginine and betaine - substances that normalize the amount of glucose in the blood, the general condition of the body, and strengthen the immune system.

The drug can be given to children from 3 years of age with acetonemic syndrome (increased amount of acetone in the body). The contents of one sachet should be diluted in 100 ml of boiled water.

Give your child 1 teaspoon several times a day. The exact dosage of the supplement taken should be determined by the attending physician.

You can also use ampoules with Betargin solution. Break off the tip of the glass bottle along the drawn line and pour the contents into a glass of water. Take the product only as prescribed by a doctor.

The price of the drug "Betargin" in the form of a sachet is about 350 rubles; for ampoules (10 pieces) you need to pay about 800 rubles.

Whatever the indications for the use of the drug and no matter how well other parents speak about the drug, the doctor must still prescribe drug treatment.

If a child has at least once experienced an increased concentration of acetone, then in the future parents should monitor the offspring’s diet.

It is prohibited to introduce foods such as fatty meats and fish into your daughter’s or son’s diet; mushrooms; rich broths; smoked meats; marinades; sour cream, cream; offal; tomatoes; oranges.

Under no circumstances should a child be allowed to eat such harmful and dangerous foods as chips, crackers, nuts, saturated with dyes and flavoring additives. These products increase the level of ketones in the blood, thereby only aggravating the child’s health situation.

Nutrition with acetone should be aimed at obtaining easily digestible carbohydrates. ? The following foods are recommended for children:

porridges cooked in water (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, corn);
vegetable broth soups;
lean boiled, steamed, stewed, baked beef, rabbit, turkey meat;
fresh fruits;
sugar, honey - within reasonable limits;
cookie.

How to quickly remove acetone from a child’s body? Parents should give their son (daughter) any sweet drink: compotes, jelly, teas, homemade juices.

If a child has a smell of acetone on his breath, then the mother’s task is to give the baby glucose. Sweet tea, candy or a small piece of chocolate contain glucose, and it increases the child’s energy reserves and prevents the appearance of ketones.

What to do if a child does not drink fluids, constantly vomits, and energy reserves are sharply reduced? After all, even doctors are unable to force little children to drink water or compote.

In this case, you need to give the child a solution containing glucose. It could be:

Bottle with glucose solution 5 or 10%. Give 5 ml or even less, but often, up to 10 times a day.
Ampoules with 40% glucose content. How to give glucose in this case? Draw up the contents of the ampoule into a disposable syringe, heat the product to body temperature (put it on a radiator, put it in warm water, or just hold it in your hands for 10 minutes). Give your baby half or one teaspoon of the concentrated solution as often as possible.
Glucose tablets.

If no solution, ampoules with glucose or tablets help the child or he refuses to drink the medicine, then he needs to urgently seek help from a hospital.

Children who have suffered from elevated acetone in the blood at least once are at risk of developing

Elimination of acetonemic condition in the hospital

If parents do not know what to do with a child whose acetone content in the blood exceeds the permissible norms, the baby does not drink liquids, does not take glucose, he weakens before our eyes, he has uncontrollable attacks of nausea, high fever, impaired consciousness, then they urgently need to go to the hospital.

Inpatient treatment boils down to the following points:

The child is prescribed glucose drips.
Injections with an antispasmodic agent are given if a small patient is suffering from cramps and abdominal pain.
Antiemetic drugs are given that improve the functioning of the intestines, liver, and normalize metabolic processes in the body.

To avoid such problems as the smell of acetone from the mouth, its presence in the urine or blood, you need to follow simple rules:

Feed your child healthy food. He must eat up to 6 times a day.
More often give him sweet compotes, still mineral water or regular boiled water.
Take walks in the fresh air with your child.
Provide the baby with daytime sleep, and school-age children sleep 10 hours a day.
Take vitamins to prevent respiratory diseases, flu, and fever. It is also useful to harden the child.

Knowing how to treat a child from excess acetone in the blood and urine, parents will be able to prevent serious consequences in his body, ranging from poisoning to coma and even death.

We conclude: acetone in children is not a disease, but a syndrome that can be prevented by following a diet, proper sleep, and a healthy lifestyle.

If you suspect the presence of acetone in the body, parents should definitely consult a pediatrician to determine the degree of intoxication and take the right measures to quickly eliminate the problem.

Acetone - School of Dr. Komarovsky

Acetone in a child is a condition caused by a significant increase in ketone bodies in the blood. In this case, characteristic symptoms are present, manifested by a strong smell of urine, unexpected nausea and vomiting. With timely and proper treatment, acetone returns to normal. In the article we will talk about what elevated acetone is in a child and how to treat this condition.

On average, acetone in the blood is observed in 20% of young children. It is usually detected after receiving a urine test, with a characteristic odor coming from the mouth or during urination. Doctors do not recommend ignoring this condition, but rather taking urgent action, since greatly elevated indicators can threaten the child’s life.

Acetone in a child: causes, symptoms, treatment

Elevated acetone in children does not always mean the presence of a serious disease. Doctors talk about it as a symptom characterizing a violation of the digestibility of carbohydrates and metabolic processes in the child’s body. Also, this sign may indicate severe fatigue and appear simultaneously with other symptoms. It should be noted that increased acetone may be a consequence of a recent intestinal infection.

If a problem arises - acetone in children, how to treat it? Evgeniy Olegovich Komarovsky has his own opinion regarding this issue. Acetone is a breakdown product during fat oxidation. The fact is that our body requires energy to function normally, and it takes it in the required amount from glucose, the source of which is carbohydrates.

A significant amount of these substances does not mean that energy will increase: excess glucose will invariably be deposited in the body in the form of glycogen. The reserves will last a long time for an adult, but this amount is not enough for children. A child needs almost 2 times more energy.

So, during times of stress, overwork, and heavy physical exertion, the body can only draw energy from its own fat and protein reserves. When oxidized, these substances form not only glucose, but also acetone.

It should be noted that normally, when conducting urine tests in a child, the level of acetone should be zero or be so insignificant that it would not cause harm to the baby’s health. A small amount of acetone is independently eliminated through the respiratory system, lungs and processed with the help of nerve cells.

Signs of elevated acetone

Komarovsky speaks of acetone in children as a harmless symptom (of course, this applies to cases of timely and correct treatment).

So, the first sign that indicates that a child does not have enough glucose is the smell of acetone from the child’s mouth. If an overestimated value is found in the blood, then they speak of the presence of acetonemic syndrome. If a pungent odor comes from urine, then in this case they complain about acetonuria.

What else could increased acetone mean in children? How to treat? Evgeniy Olegovich Komarovsky warns that elevated levels can appear after high fever, severe intestinal infections, and also when the body is inhabited by helminths.

Secondary syndrome can occur due to the presence of endocrine, infectious, surgical and somatic diseases.

Rarely, diabetic syndrome occurs due to lack of insulin. Indicators can rise even due to an unbalanced diet, that is, with long breaks between meals, as well as when consuming large amounts of fat and minimal amounts of carbohydrates.

As for the main symptoms, in this case there may be excitement, sharply turning into lethargy, and vice versa. Abdominal pain, vomiting, temperature up to 38.5 can also occur with increased acetone levels.

How to determine the level of acetone at home?

Currently, determining the amount of acetone in a child’s urine is possible at home. For this purpose, any pharmacy sells special strips. The most advanced cases are noted when 3 pluses appear on the tester. In this case, the child requires urgent hospitalization.

Diet with acetone in urine in children: list of products

Evgeniy Olegovich Komarovsky explains in detail what acetone is in children and how to treat it. What diet does a famous doctor recommend for elevated levels?

So, in order to reduce the amount of ketone bodies in a child’s body, you should start by observing the drinking regime. In this case, Komarovsky recommends giving the child compotes made from dried fruits. These drinks can increase glucose levels in the body. The compote should be quite sweet and warm.

Be sure to give your child fructose daily. According to Dr. Komarovsky, it is absorbed faster than sucrose. In addition, with the help of fructose, glucose levels increase gradually and evenly, without sudden surges or declines.

By the way, a large amount of this component is found in raisins. A handful of dried fruits should be poured with boiling water and left for 15 minutes, then filtered twice with gauze and given to the child.

Taking glucose in ampoules will not hurt. This method is most useful if the child complains of malaise, dizziness and abdominal pain after vigorous activity. Glucose ampoules (40%) will prevent nausea and vomiting.

Be sure to consume alkaline drinks. In this case, mineral water without gas or “Regidron” is suitable. It should be noted that the temperature of the liquid should be equal to the child’s body temperature. This will allow the beneficial components to be absorbed into the blood faster.

Diet by day

So, if the doctor recommended a diet for your child, then on the first day try not to feed him anything, just give him small sips every 5 minutes. If he wants to eat, give him dried fruit compote or raisin decoction. If the child wants to eat, offer him homemade crackers.

On the second day, you can give rice water and a baked apple. Be sure to drink as much as possible and offer glucose in ampoules. On the third day, it would be a good idea to offer your child porridge with water. Among the cereals, it is optimal to cook rice, oatmeal or buckwheat.

If such a condition has befallen a child, then Dr. Komarovsky knows for sure how to treat acetone. Using the method of a famous pediatrician, many people have already gotten rid of this symptom, for which we thank him very much. So, it is not recommended to include in your child’s diet:

mushrooms, mushroom broths;
meat, fish broths;
smoked food;
sauces, spices, mayonnaise;
fatty dairy and fermented milk products;
fresh baked goods;
sweets, chocolate.

Spicy, pickled foods, as well as chips, crackers, sweet carbonated water and store-bought juices should be excluded.

What should be included in the menu if acetone is high?

High acetone and its reduction at home is possible if you follow a proper diet. The menu should include:

chicken and quail eggs;
non-acidic ripe berries;
rabbit, turkey, chicken, veal meat;
cottage cheese, yogurt, kefir (low-fat);
milk and vegetable soups.

Food processing is also important in this situation. All food should be steamed or baked.

In case of vomiting, the child should be given an adsorbent drug - “Enterosgel”, “Atoxil”, “White Coal”.

We hope that Evgeniy Olegovich Komarovsky answered the question about what acetone is in children and how to treat it clearly and succinctly. Health to your children!

Increased acetone in a child is not a diagnosis, but a specific type of metabolism that worsens the general condition and causes acetonemic vomiting. With the right approach, this pathology can be cured at home. But with constant vomiting and signs of damage to the nervous system, hospitalization is indicated for the patient.

Formation of acetone in the body

The bodies of children and adults are structured almost identically. The carbohydrates that a person eats are digested in the stomach and glucose enters the blood. One part of it is used to obtain energy, the other part is deposited in the liver in the form of glycogen.

The liver is a kind of warehouse for glucose. In case of high energy consumption: illness, stress or heavy physical activity, it helps the body and releases glycogen into the blood, which is processed into energy.

Some children have good reserves of the organ and are not in danger. Other children are not so fortunate and their livers are only able to store small amounts of glycogen. After it ends, the liver begins to release fats into the blood. Their breakdown also produces a small amount of energy, but at the same time ketones are formed.

Initially, acetone is detected in a child’s urine and it is not necessary to be tested in a laboratory to determine it. It is enough to have special test strips in your home medicine cabinet. If at this time the patient receives little fluid, ketone bodies will not be excreted from the body in the urine and will enter the blood. Acetone irritates the gastric mucosa and causes vomiting. This type of vomiting is called acetonemic vomiting. The result is a vicious circle: vomiting due to the lack of glycogen in the liver, and the impossibility of carbohydrates entering the stomach due to vomiting.

Reasons for the appearance of acetone in a child

A balanced diet is important for every person. The digestive system of young children is functionally immature, so it is especially important to feed them the right foods.

Normally, a person produces ketone bodies - these are metabolic products formed in the liver, but their quantity is small. Eating carbohydrates prevents their formation. In other words, by consuming all nutrients in proper quantities, ketones will be formed within normal limits.

Doctors identify several main reasons for the appearance of acetone in a child’s blood:

Excess ketones. Occurs when a person’s diet contains a lot of fatty foods. Parents should remember that children have a reduced ability to digest fats, so an acetonemic attack may occur after one fatty meal.
Low carbohydrate content. Leads to metabolic disorders with subsequent oxidation of fats and the production of ketone bodies.
Consumption of ketogenic amino acids.
Congenital or acquired deficiency of enzymes necessary for normal metabolism.
Infectious diseases, especially those associated with vomiting and diarrhea, cause nutritional starvation, which causes ketosis.
Diseases, the course of which is often complicated by acetone. These include type 1 diabetes mellitus and neuro-arthritic diathesis.

Acetone is a terrible word that absolutely all parents are afraid to hear. Dr. Komarovsky will tell you what acetone is, where it comes from and how to deal with it.

Symptoms of acetone in the body in children

According to statistics, the disease first appears in a person at the age of 2-3 years. By age 7, attacks may become more frequent, but by age 13 they usually stop.

The main symptom of acetone in a child is vomiting, which can last from 1 to 5 days. Any liquid, food, and sometimes even its smell, causes the child to vomit. In patients with prolonged acetone syndrome:

heart sounds weaken;
possible heart rhythm disturbance;
heart rate increases;
the liver enlarges.

Recovery and size occurs 1 or 2 weeks after the attack stops.

When examining the patient's blood, the level of glucose in the blood will be reduced, the number of leukocytes will be increased, and the ESR will be accelerated.

The main signs of acetone in a child include:

nausea and frequent vomiting, leading to dehydration;
coating on the tongue;
stomach ache;
weakness;
dry skin;
increased body temperature;
smell of baked apples from the mouth;
little or no urine.

In severe cases, acetone has a detrimental effect on the brain, causing lethargy and loss of consciousness. It is contraindicated to stay at home in this condition. The patient needs hospitalization, otherwise the condition may progress to a coma.

The diagnosis of acetonemic syndrome is made to a child who has had several attacks of acetonemic vomiting over the course of a year. In this case, parents already know how to behave and what help to provide to their sick baby. If acetone appears for the first time, you should definitely consult a doctor. The doctor determines the reasons for the development of this condition, the severity of the course and prescribes treatment.

Ways to reduce acetone in the body of children

Parents of such children should know how to remove acetone from the body. Your home first aid kit should contain:

test strips for determining acetone in urine;
glucose tablets;
40% glucose solution in ampoules;
5% glucose in bottles.

Treatment of acetone in children involves removing ketones from the body and saturating it with glucose. For this purpose, the patient is prescribed:

drinking plenty of water;
use of enterosorbents;
cleansing enema.

In order to replenish liver reserves, it is necessary to alternate between plain water and sweet drinks. These include:

tea with sugar or honey;
compote;
glucose.

In addition, there are special powders to replenish salts lost through vomiting. These include:

rehydron;
trihydrone;
hydrovit.

The patient should not be forced to drink large amounts at one time. When vomiting, the volume of liquid should not exceed one teaspoon every 5-10 minutes. If vomiting is uncontrollable and the liquid you drink is not absorbed, you can give an antiemetic injection. It will bring relief for several hours, during which time the child must be given a drink.

After stopping the acetonemic crisis, adults should not relax. They need to reconsider their child’s daily routine, physical activity and nutrition.

Children prone to the appearance of acetone must constantly adhere to a diet. They should not be in the sun for a long time and experience too many emotions - no matter positive or negative. Big holidays, sporting events, Olympics should only be held with proper nutrition, and in some cases, it is better to abandon them altogether.

To improve the condition of the nervous system and metabolism, the child is shown:

massage;
pool;
children's yoga;
walks in the open air.

It is also necessary to limit the time spent in front of the TV and computer. Such children should sleep at least 8 hours a day.

Children with diathesis must be breastfed for a long time. The introduction of complementary foods should be done carefully and as late as possible. The mother of such a baby should keep a food diary, which will indicate the type of complementary foods and the reaction to it.

The food must contain:

lean meat;
sea fish and algae;
dairy and fermented milk products;
fresh vegetables and fruits;
porridge;
jam, honey, nuts in small quantities.

Prohibited foods, consumption should be completely limited:

fat meat;
fast food;
semi-finished products;
fatty fish;
sparkling water, coffee;
buns;
sour cream, mayonnaise, mustard;
canned food;
legumes, radishes, radishes, mushrooms, turnips.

Acetone in children is a sign of an unhealthy lifestyle. The acetone crisis should change the child’s life once and for all. Parents play a major role in these changes. They must provide him with:

balanced diet;
moderate physical activity;
procedures that strengthen the nervous system.

All these measures will help reduce the frequency of attacks and provide the child with a full and healthy life.

A child’s body is constantly improving and developing, so at the initial stage of life, organs may not function fully.

This often leads to the problem of impaired fat metabolism, which causes the accumulation of acetone in the child. This disease causes unpleasant symptoms - nausea and vomiting, and also leads to a decrease in the baby’s vital activity.

Of course, the first thing many parents do in such a situation is call a doctor. And rightly so! After all, the smell of acetone from the mouth, as well as the specific smell of urine, sudden vomiting may indicate that the level of acetone in the child’s blood has increased, because of this it is released in the urine and has a toxic effect on the body. This condition is quite dangerous for a child; it certainly requires special treatment.

Reasons for the appearance of acetone in the urine of a child

In order to begin treating elevated acetone in children, it is first necessary to identify the cause of its appearance in the body.

So-called ketone bodies appear in the body due to improper metabolism, that is, during the breakdown of proteins and fats. After this, such substances go into the process of oxidation, and then begin to exit through urine and exhaled air.

Let's figure out why a child experiences increased acetone in the urine and what factors contribute to this.

Nutritional imbalance. A child’s food is dominated by fats and proteins, which are difficult to process into glucose, resulting in the deposition of nutrients “in reserve.” And if necessary, the mechanism of neoglucogenesis is immediately activated.
Enzyme deficiency, in which carbohydrates are poorly digested.
Lack of glucose in food - babies are left without carbohydrates.
Increased glucose consumption. It is provoked by stressful conditions, increased physical and mental stress. Diseases, injuries, and surgeries also contribute to the rapid combustion of carbohydrates.

In addition, the smell of acetone in the urine can be a signal of insulin deficiency. In this case, an urgent consultation with an endocrinologist is necessary, since there is a possible risk of developing type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Whatever the reasons for this condition, parents need to identify them in time and try to take the necessary actions to help the child.

How to determine the presence of acetone?

To do this, buy special test strips at the pharmacy. Dip the strip into the baby's urine for a few seconds and get the result in a few minutes. Compare the color of the strip with the color chart on the test package. If the test showed the presence of acetone +/- (0.5 mmol/l) or + (1.5 mmol/l), then the child’s condition is characterized as mild.

If the test result is ++ (4 mmol/l), this indicates that the child’s condition is of moderate severity. If the indicator is +++ (10 mmol/l), we are talking about a serious condition. In this case, the child needs urgent hospitalization.

Symptoms

Increased acetone in children has the following symptoms:

The child’s appetite completely disappears, he is lethargic and weak, sleeps a lot, but this sleep is similar to oblivion with a very high level of acetone in the child’s blood.
The child complains of acute pain in the navel area, he has uncontrollable vomiting, which is aggravated by attempts to give him something to drink or feed.
Nausea and vomiting are accompanied by upset stool and an increase in body temperature to 38-38.5 degrees. Often the stool has a characteristic odor of acetone, and there is an odor of acetone from the mouth.
The child’s cheeks are very red, crimson, there is dehydration and all signs of intoxication in the body.

When ketone bodies enter the blood, they quickly spread through the body, poisoning it; acetone in children irritates the vomiting center, which leads to constant vomiting without any signs of poisoning. The nervous system and digestive system suffer, and cardiovascular failure may develop.

Treatment if acetone is detected in urine

If your baby first develops symptoms of an acetonemic crisis, you need to call a doctor. The disease is insidious in that it is very difficult to predict its development and the baby’s reaction to an increase in acetone levels.

If the child has already had acetone syndrome, then the parents have already gained the necessary experience and can independently cope with acetone and stabilize the condition.

Treatment is carried out in two main areas:

acceleration of ketone elimination;
providing the body with the necessary amount of glucose.

To replenish the scarce supply of glucose that a child has lost, you need to give him sweet tea, preferably with honey, rehydron, compotes, and glucose solution. To prevent repeated vomiting, you need to feed the child every 5 minutes, giving a teaspoon of liquid; it is especially important to feed the child at night.

A very good recipe for eliminating acetone is raisin decoction. One hundred grams of raisins per liter of water.

To remove ketones, the child is given a cleansing enema and enterosorbents are prescribed (Smecta, Polysorb, Polyphepan, Filtrum, Enterosgel). Soldering and increasing the amount of urine excreted will also help eliminate ketones, so alternate sweet drinks with alkaline mineral water, regular boiled water, and rice water.

Remember that you should never force your child to eat. If he wants to eat, you can offer him mashed potatoes or carrots, vegetable soup, a baked apple and dry cookies.

In this case, you need to constantly monitor the level of acetone in the urine. If your child's condition does not improve, the doctor will likely prescribe intravenous fluids to combat dehydration and ketone bodies. Such treatment will most likely take place in an inpatient setting. With proper treatment, all symptoms will disappear within a week.

If the acetone crisis returns constantly, it is necessary to change the baby’s lifestyle and prescribe a special diet.

Diet

In order to prevent the re-development of an acetonemic crisis, it is important to adhere to certain dietary rules. Foods that can increase blood ketone levels are removed from the child’s diet:

fatty meats and fish,
rich broths,
mushrooms,
marinades,
sour cream,
cream,
offal,
smoked meats,
sorrel,
tomatoes,
oranges,
coffee and cocoa products.

It is forbidden to give your child fast food, carbonated drinks, chips, crackers and other foods rich in preservatives and dyes. The menu should include easily digestible carbohydrates (fruits, cookies, honey, sugar, jam) in reasonable quantities every day.

In this article we will analyze the causes and consequences of increased acetone in children, which in medicine is referred to as acetonemic syndrome (hereinafter AS). We will also talk about such manifestations as: “the smell of acetone from the mouth of a child,” “increased acetone in the blood of a child,” “acetone in the urine of a child,” “acetone and temperature in a child,” and “cyclic vomiting.”

Why does acetone increase in children?

An increase in acetone in children makes itself felt through a complex of clinical manifestations associated with the accumulation of under-oxidized products of the “decomposition” of fats and proteins in the blood and other tissues of the child’s body. This is one of the most common diseases of childhood, in which episodes of vomiting alternate with periods of complete health of the baby.

It usually occurs in children from 2 to 10 years old, but sometimes an increase in acetone is observed in adolescence.

For the normal functioning of any organism, including a child, energy is constantly needed. Energy is most actively produced through the metabolism of carbohydrates, which involve various sugars, glucose, fructose, sucrose, bread, cereals, cereals, etc. But under various stressful situations or stress (physical, nervous, viral infections, injuries, teething) The body's need for energy increases sharply. At the same time, energy from carbohydrates does not have time to be produced in sufficient quantities, or there are not enough carbohydrates themselves.

In this case, the body begins to oxidize fats and proteins - at the same time, energy is also produced, but in smaller quantities, and at the same time, the products of such oxidation - ketone bodies (popularly called “slags”) accumulate in the blood. Ketone bodies are toxic and actually poison the child's body. Ketone bodies irritate the mucous membrane of the baby’s digestive tract and hence the abdominal pain and vomiting.

An increase in acetone in its most pronounced form is manifested by acetonemic crises (AC).

A crisis can be caused by many factors that, under conditions of high excitability of the nervous system, act as stress on the child:

psycho-emotional stress;
conflict (with parents, teachers, peers);
change in the usual communication environment;
various emotions “in abundance” (birthday with an abundance of gifts, guests and clowns, going to the circus, playgrounds, zoo);
errors in the diet (eating tasty foods: chips, nuts, cakes, pastries, chewing gum, candies with dyes and flavors, smoked foods, fried and fatty foods in large quantities, with a lot of seasonings and spices).

Symptoms of increased acetone in children

At first glance, acetonemic crises occur suddenly. However, if you carefully analyze and remember, then each acetonemic crisis is preceded by precursors of an attack, which include:

general malaise,
refusal to eat,
nausea, weakness,
lethargy or agitation
migraine-like headache,
stomach ache,
pale colored stool (gray, yellow),
stool retention,
There may be a peculiar “fruity, vinegary” smell from the mouth.

Parents may also notice that the baby is pale or slightly jaundiced, has a lack of desire to play, or has an apathetic facial expression.

In this period:

the child is pale,
with a characteristic unnatural blush on the cheeks,
signs of intoxication are increasing,
the acid-base balance of the blood is disturbed,
the temperature rises to 37-38.5C,
liver enlarges
the child is worried about dizziness,
headache (moderate),
cramping or persistent pain in the abdomen, often without specific localization,
stool retention,
nausea,
then repeated, uncontrollable vomiting develops over 1-5 days with frequent, repeated attacks.

Actually, this is why in foreign literature this syndrome is called “cyclic vomiting syndrome.” As vomiting becomes more frequent, fluid loss increases and body weight loss occurs. Often the vomit contains bile, mucus, and even blood - that is, the child has nothing to vomit with. The skin is dry, pale, sometimes with a bright unnatural blush.

At this stage of the disease, parents make the most mistakes in “treating” their children. They do not understand what is happening to the child, they do not know what to feed him or whether he needs to be treated.

Most often, worried mom and dad try to force-feed a weakened baby with meat or fish broth, cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir, eggs, steamed cutlets, chops and other ketogenic products.

But it is precisely this food load that aggravates metabolic disorders and contributes to the progression of the crisis. Gradually the little one's condition worsens. The child first becomes nervous, excited, runs and screams, then becomes lethargic, adynamic, apathetic, does not want anything - does not eat or drink.

Trying to feed or drink a child also provokes repeated episodes of vomiting. In most cases, a strong odor of acetone is felt in the vomit, urine and exhaled air. In severe cases, in the absence of adequate treatment, acetonemic coma may develop.

Diagnosis of acetone syndrome. Primary and secondary AC.

Before determining that your child has an increase in acetone and that this is what should be treated, the doctor needs to make sure that the acetone syndrome in your child is not a manifestation of another, more severe and dangerous disease. Such manifestations are similar to decompensated diabetes mellitus, diseases of the kidneys, thyroid gland, pancreas, toxic liver damage, traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, seizure syndrome, leukemia, hemolytic anemia, fasting, poisoning, intestinal infection, acute surgical pathology, pneumonia and etc.

In these diseases, the clinical picture is determined by the underlying disease, and acetonemic syndrome is a secondary complication of the underlying disease. This is a “secondary” speaker.

A primary increase in acetone is also distinguished. Most often, primary acetone syndrome affects children with so-called neuro-arthritic diathesis.

Diathesis is a congenital abnormality in metabolism in the body of a child (and then an adult), against the background of which the child (and then an adult) is predisposed to certain diseases. Manifestations of neuro-arthritic diathesis can be identified from the first days of life. Such children are noisy, fearful, often have a disturbed sleep pattern, are characterized by emotional lability, increased unmotivated nervous excitability, and are prone to frequent regurgitation, stomach and intestinal spasms, and abdominal pain.

Body weight is unstable, and by the age of one year, babies usually lag significantly behind their peers in weight.

The neuropsychic and intellectual development of such children, on the contrary, is ahead of age norms: children master speech early, show curiosity, interest in their surroundings, remember well and retell what they hear, but often show stubbornness and negativism, sometimes even aggression.

Children with neuro-arthritic diathesis often suffer from allergies, dermatitis, bronchial asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, urticaria, and kidney diseases. Urine tests of such children often reveal uric acid salts, oxalates, protein, and an increase in white blood cells and red blood cells.

To determine and confirm the correctness of the diagnosis, the pediatrician finds out how the child developed, what illness he had previously, what preceded the development of the disease now, what diseases were noted in the parents’ families, etc., then the child is examined and a series of tests and laboratory tests are prescribed.

Only a doctor can make a correct diagnosis! Do not try to treat your baby yourself, even if he exhibits all the symptoms described! If the pediatrician has confirmed that your child has acetone syndrome, then further measures to prevent and treat attacks can be taken independently at home (of course, if the child’s condition allows).

Treatment of acetone in children at home

At home, the most convenient and common method for determining acetone in a child’s urine. Diagnostic strips for urine analysis are a litmus strip on which test zones with reagents applied to them are attached. You need to wet a test strip in urine and after 60 seconds compare how much it has changed color with the test scale (from + to + + + +). If the result is + or + + - this is mild or moderate AS, you can carry out treatment at home, if you get +++ or + + + + - do not treat at home, take the child to the hospital.

Severe, pronounced acetonemic syndrome requires intravenous administration of drugs to replenish the volume of circulating blood and relieve swelling of the pancreas, reducing the toxic load on the kidneys and liver.

Along with diagnosis, of course, we must also carry out therapeutic measures. The diagnostic criterion for the effectiveness of your treatment at home is the child’s condition - if the child becomes more active, vomiting has decreased, he has started drinking actively, he has started eating - hurray! Everything worked out for you and you are on the right track. Positive dynamics, which means you can stay at home; If the child remains lethargic, sleeps all the time, vomiting does not go away, and it is not possible to give him something to drink or feed - do not self-medicate, go to the hospital immediately!

In the treatment of increased acetone in children, several stages can be distinguished:

treatment at the stage of precursors of an attack;
treatment of an attack or crisis;
treatment during the recovery period after an attack;
treatment during the interictal period;
prevention of attacks.

At the 1st stage of precursors and initial symptoms, treatment is aimed at removing ketones from the body and relieving acidosis (treatment of “acidification” of the blood).

First of all, this is very important, it is necessary to cleanse the intestines with an enema with a 1% solution of baking soda (2 times a day). Drink frequently and in small portions every 10-15 minutes with a teaspoon (children aged 6 to 10 years - with a tablespoon), drink in small portions (1-2 sips) - so as not to provoke vomiting.

Solutions for oral rehydration can be sweet black tea with or without lemon (not hot), rehydron, gastrolit, non-carbonated medium-mineralized alkaline water (Polyana Kvasova, Borjomi, dried fruit compote). During an attack, you need to use sweetened drinks (sugar, honey, glucose, fructose) in order to compensate for the deficiency of simple carbohydrates.

The child should not starve, however, a diet with increased acetone is selected, observing the principle of aketogenicity (without the inclusion of fat, purine bases and irritating components). Eating, as well as drinking, should be frequent and divided - 5-6 times a day. At the same time, you should not force feed the child - agree that the child chooses the dishes himself, but within the framework of the diet.

The diet should be dominated by liquid oatmeal, corn, buckwheat, rolled oatmeal, semolina porridge cooked in water, vegetable (cereal) soup, mashed potatoes in water, baked apples, biscuits. But if on the first day the baby doesn’t want to eat, don’t force him, the main thing is to let him drink.

The duration of such food restrictions is at least 5 days. To remove ketone toxins from the body, the child is given a solution of sorbents to drink (early in the morning, 2 hours before meals, and in the evening - 2-3 hours after meals or in small portions throughout the day). Medicines are prescribed to reduce pain and cramps in the abdomen; for agitation, sedative herbal medicine: valerian tincture, chamomile decoction, passionflower herb extract, Pavlov’s mixture. It is not advisable for the baby to cry or be nervous, this will only increase vomiting and worsen his condition.

If at the 1st stage it was not possible to stop the AK for a number of reasons (non-compliance with doctor’s prescriptions, late treatment, etc.), an attack or crisis develops (2nd stage), which is most often accompanied by repeated or uncontrollable vomiting. The duration of vomiting ranges from several hours to 1-5 days.

Treatment is aimed at stopping vomiting, ketoacidosis - “acidification” of the blood, replenishing glucose losses, and correcting water and electrolyte metabolism. The basic principles of treatment remain the same as in the 1st stage, but with increasing fluid loss, intravenous drip administration of solutions and medications is necessary. For persistent, uncontrollable vomiting, injections of antiemetic drugs are indicated in a dosage appropriate to age.

If the child drinks willingly, intravenous administration of solutions can be completely or partially replaced by drinking alkaline mineral water and sweetened tea, compote, etc. At this stage, the treatment plan should be determined by a pediatrician; observation by a doctor and a nurse is also necessary, that is, the child should be taken to the hospital.

During the recovery period, there is an increase in the child’s activity, restoration of appetite, normalization of skin color, and positive emotions return. During this period, it is recommended to gradually restore the water-salt balance naturally and carefully expand the diet.

It is necessary to give a sufficient amount of fluid, the diet should be expanded very gradually, the child should eat small portions, at least 5-6 times a day.

Allowed:

croutons (preferably homemade, without spices and salt, without cheese or bacon flavors),
biscuits,
baked apple,
then mashed potatoes (with water, then you can add a little butter),
porridge,
low-fat vegetable soups,
lean beef (not veal, which contains many purines, like poultry),
boiled potatoes,
porridge (except millet and pearl barley),
milk,
kefir,
homemade yogurt made from low-fat milk - no additives,
weak tea,
non-acidic fruits and berries, as well as decoctions from them.

For 2-3 weeks, eat according to “Diet No. 5” (gentle, non-irritating, without seasonings, smoked meats, marinades, foods are mainly steamed or boiled) within the framework of the described diet. Liquid in large quantities is indicated (non-concentrated dried fruit compote, sweet tea with lemon; low-mineralized alkaline mineral waters (“Luzhanskaya”, “Polyana”) are alternated with medium-mineralized ones – “Morshinskaya” and “Truskavetskaya”, as well as specialized children’s water for babies).

According to the recommendations of doctors, it is necessary to change the eating behavior of the entire family and buy only high-quality food products. For this purpose, food for pregnant and lactating women and high-quality baby food for children are perfect. Eat with your whole family:

breakfast cereals and muesli for adults and children;
porridges from various cereals;
cookies, bars, snacks;
baby porridge;
puree;
children's juices, drinks and tea;
baby noodles.

Note. Returns of food and cosmetic products are only possible if the packaging is undamaged.

Among the medications at this stage, sorbents (5-7 days) and metabolic stimulants (B vitamins) are prescribed for 3-4 weeks. If a child’s appetite remains low for a long time and this affects the quality of life, it is advisable to prescribe an enzyme preparation with low lipase activity and an appetite stimulant.

Prevention of increased acetone in children

Prevention of exacerbations of acetone syndrome is, perhaps, an underestimated part of treatment by many parents. After all, our well-being depends 15% on genetics, 15% on medicine and 70% on lifestyle, habits, nutrition and physical activity.

Treatment of acetonemic syndrome during the interictal period is aimed at compliance with diet, regimen and prevention of relapses of acetonemic crises.

For children with high acetone levels, adherence to the regimen is very important. The baby should live on his own schedule, convenient and familiar to him. It is necessary to avoid physical and psycho-emotional overload, prolonged sunbathing and overheating in stuffy rooms. It is advisable to limit the time you watch TV and work with your computer and phone. Especially before bed, to make it easier for the little one to fall asleep, it is better for him to read a book with you or listen to an audio fairy tale. Caress the baby and all the worries of the past day will go away. In the evening, you can take a soothing bath by adding salt with valerian or lavender to the water.

Constant, dosed physical activity is of great importance. It is very important that the child enjoys the exercise without overwork, sufficient time in the fresh air, water procedures (swimming, contrast showers, douches), sufficient long sleep (at least 8 hours), regular, varied, balanced nutrition. These simple rules will harmonize the nervous system, will have a significant positive impact on the process of optimizing metabolism and will help avoid recurrent attacks.

If there are indications, it is advisable to annually carry out sanatorium-resort treatment under drinking conditions using low-mineralized alkaline mineral waters.

A significant role in the prevention of exacerbations of acetone syndrome is played by the sanitation of chronic foci of infection, improvement of the functional state of the liver, urinary system and cellular metabolism, stabilization of the processes of excitation and inhibition of the child’s nervous system. Your pediatrician will tell you what medications and measures to take for this.

Children with elevated acetone are recommended to undergo a standard glucose tolerance test, ultrasound of the kidneys, liver and bile duct system once a year. Periodically (every 6 months) it is necessary to evaluate the level of uric acid in the blood and urine by determining the transport of salts, conduct a general urine test with pH determination and carry out its correction. If you see that your child is lethargic or sick, you should immediately measure the level of ketone bodies in the urine. And in a children's group, be it a kindergarten or a school, a widespread influenza infection has begun, it is necessary to adopt enhanced prevention methods.

It is better to explain in kindergarten and school that your child should not be force-fed or forced to finish fatty meat with gravy. For children with acetone syndrome, it is better to undereat than to overeat, food must be taken 3-5 times a day, the main meals should be in the first half of the day and do not forget to give your baby water.

And the main thing in all your, dear mothers and fathers, therapeutic and preventive measures is that the child must learn not only to follow a diet, daily routine, work and rest, and exercise regularly, but also to understand and appreciate his health.

And most importantly, all this should become his way of life!

Acetone in children up to what age

When children suffering from acetone syndrome reach the age of 10–12 years, the manifestations of increased acetone stop bothering them—in fact, they “disappear” for almost everyone. But this does not mean that parents can relax. No, this syndrome can later develop into other chronic diseases in adulthood.

There remains a high probability of developing diseases such as gout, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, urolithiasis and cholelithiasis, and early-onset arterial hypertension. In this regard, children with elevated acetone are regarded as a risk group and should be monitored by a pediatrician, endocrinologist, neuropsychiatrist, and nephrologist.

When shopping inMom's storewe guarantee pleasant and fast service .

We express special gratitude to Oksana Vlasova, Candidate of Sciences, gastroenterologist of the highest category, for preparing this material.

Proper treatment with acetone. Acetonemic syndrome - complications and consequences. First aid for a child with increased acetone.

Acetonemic syndrome (AS) is a complex of disorders that cause metabolic disorders in a child’s body. The cause of the syndrome is considered to be an increased amount of ketone bodies in the blood. Ketone bodies are products of incomplete oxidation of fats. Acetonemic syndrome manifests itself as stereotypical repeated episodes of acetonemic vomiting and alternates with periods of complete well-being.

Signs of the disease appear at two to three years of age. They are more pronounced in seven- to eight-year-old patients, and disappear by the age of twelve.

Acetone syndrome ICD 10— R82.4 Acetonuria

About acetone syndrome in children, the children's doctor claims that this is a signal from the body about the end of glucose in the blood. Treatment is drinking plenty of sweets. If acetonemic vomiting occurs, give intravenous glucose or an injection of an antiemetic, then give the child something to drink.

Why does acetone rise in children? Top 8 reasons

The main reason is an increase in acetic acid and acetone in the blood, which leads to an acetone crisis. If such cases are repeated often, the disease has begun.

The reasons for the increase in acetone in the body in children are as follows:

Symptoms of increased acetone in a child

An increased level of acetone in a child’s body causes intoxication and dehydration. Symptoms of elevated acetone levels:

acetone smell from baby's mouth

headache and migraine

lack of appetite

vomit

unpleasant smell of sour and rotten apples urine

weight loss

anxious sleep and psychoneurosis

pale skin color

whole body weakness

drowsiness

elevated temperature up to 37-38 degrees

pain in the intestines

Temperature with acetone in a child

The disease is accompanied by an increase in the child's temperature to 38 or 39 degrees. This occurs due to toxicosis of the body. The temperature changes an order of magnitude higher. Approaching 38 – 39 degrees. Anxiety arises at its first manifestation. We urgently hospitalize a sick child to a medical institution for medical care.

Discussions on the Internet about a child’s temperature with acetone

A decrease in temperature sometimes indicates that the acetonemic crisis has stopped.

Acetonemic syndrome in children and adults. Symptoms and their differences

Acetonemic syndrome in children characterized by various pathological signs that occur in childhood and occur in the body due to the large accumulation of “ketone bodies” in the blood plasma.

“Ketone bodies” are a group of substances for product exchange formed in the liver. In simple words: a metabolic disorder in which toxins are not eliminated.

Signs and manifestations of the disease in children:

The listed symptoms appear individually or in combination.

There are two types of acetonemic syndrome in children:

primary - as a result of unbalanced nutrition.
secondary - in infectious, endocrine diseases, as well as against the background of tumors and lesions of the central nervous system.

Primary idiopathic acetonemic syndrome also occurs in children. In this case, the main provoking mechanism is a hereditary factor.

Acetone syndrome in adults occurs when protein energy balance is disturbed. Accumulation of excess amounts of acetone, leading to intoxication of the body. Signs and manifestations are similar to childhood acetone syndrome, and there is also an odor of acetone from the mouth. Reasons for development:

Conclusion: In children, the disease occurs due to congenital or infectious diseases. Adults acquire the disease as a result of exposure to external factors.

Consequences and complications of improper treatment

With proper treatment, the crisis of this disease passes without complications.

If treated incorrectly, metabolic acidosis occurs - oxidation of the internal environment of the body. There is a disruption in the functioning of vital organs. The child is at risk of acetone coma.

Children who have suffered from this disease in the future suffer from cholelithiasis, gout, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic kidney and liver diseases.

Diagnosis of acetone syndrome

Acetone syndrome, diagnosed during examination by a doctor, is detected only in children under 12 years of age. To make a conclusion, the attending physician relies on the patient’s medical history, complaints, and laboratory tests.

What to pay attention to:

Chat on the Internet

Which doctor treats acetone syndrome?

First of all, we turn to the pediatrician. Since acetone syndrome is a childhood disease, the doctor is a pediatrician. The doctor prescribes an examination by a psychotherapist, gastroenterologist, ultrasound, or prescribes a course of baby massage.

If acetone syndrome occurs in adults, we consult an endocrinologist or therapist.

First aid for a child with high acetone

Vomiting dehydrates the body. Children often suffer from vomiting. Adults can also experience nausea and vomiting if they do not watch their diet and are constantly under stress.

Actions before hospitalization:

Treatment of acetone syndrome at home

We get rid of excess decay elements using an alkaline enema. Preparation of the solution: dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in 200 milliliters of purified water.
We drink drugs for internal rehydration - “Activated carbon”, “Enterosgel”, “Regidron”, “ORS-200”, “Glucosolan” or “Oralit”
We replenish lost fluid, since due to severe vomiting the body becomes dehydrated - strong, sweetened tea with lemon or still mineral water. We give the child a warm drink every 5-10 minutes in small sips throughout the day
We apply breastfeeding to a breastfed baby more often
We enrich our daily diet with carbohydrates, but avoid fatty foods altogether.
If eating food causes further vomiting, you will need a glucose drip.

You can independently determine the level of acetone using test strips. Treatment at home is allowed after a comprehensive examination.

Treatment of acetone syndrome is primarily the fight against crises and alleviation of exacerbations.

Recovery at the time of exacerbation of the disease is accompanied by intensive therapy. The treatment method is selected individually depending on the level of acetone in the body. Acetonomy syndrome in children, treatment and preventive measures are carried out on the recommendation of a doctor and in medical institutions to exclude relapses.

Symptoms of malaise often indicate acetone in a child. What to do if an attack begins, and how to prevent it in the future?

Many mothers are familiar with the situation when a child’s breath smells of acetone. He suddenly begins to feel very sick, the smell of urine becomes pungent. These are striking symptoms of acetone syndrome, which affects 4-6% of children aged one to 13 years. Where does a child get acetone from, and what should I do?

Reasons for the appearance of acetone in a child

How to determine the presence of acetone?

If you suspect that your child has , you can check presence of acetone in urine at home.

To do this, buy special test strips at the pharmacy.
Dip the strip into the baby's urine for a few seconds and get the result in a few minutes.
Compare the color of the strip with the color chart on the test package.
If the test showed the presence of acetone +/- (0.5 mmol/l) or + (1.5 mmol/l), then the child’s condition is characterized as mild. It can be treated at home.
If the test result is ++ (4 mmol/l), this indicates that the child’s condition is of moderate severity. If the indicator is +++ (10 mmol/l), we are talking about a serious condition. In this case, the child needs urgent hospitalization.

What to do if a child has acetone?

If the child has become lethargic and complains of feeling unwell, abdominal pain, these may be symptoms of acetone in the urine. In this case, vomiting will soon begin.

To prevent an attack, give your child small drinks every 10-15 minutes. This could be tea with lemon, alkaline mineral water without carbon. You can give your child sorbents and make an enema of a soda solution and cool water. The enema is done at the rate of 0.5 liters of water and 2 teaspoons of soda.

Call a doctor to see your child. The doctor may prescribe medications to support the functioning of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, and an antiemetic.
If vomiting is severe, try giving your child something to drink to remove the acetone. Since excess acetone irritates the vomiting center, it is not always possible to give the child something to drink. In this case, an injection of an antiemetic is given and then water is given. Or fluids are administered intravenously through a drip.
The child should not be fed anything. Monitor acetone levels using test strips.
With proper treatment, the child's condition should improve and symptoms should disappear within 2-5 days. Be prepared for the fact that your child may be admitted to the hospital, especially if his health worsens.
If on the first day of illness the child begins to feel better in the evening and continues treatment at home, then the most important condition is to follow the diet.

Diet with acetone in children

On the first day, the child needs plenty of fluids, which should be received in small portions.
On the second day, if there is no vomiting, try giving him some crackers and rice water.
As your condition improves, you can add vegetable soup, meatball soup, rice porridge, meatballs, fish, turkey and rabbit meat, fresh vegetables and fruits to your diet.

Completely exclude cocoa, chocolate, baked goods, and soda from your child’s diet. To avoid overloading your child's digestive system, steam his food.

The child should remain on such a strict diet for another week after the symptoms of acetone have passed.

To reduce the likelihood of attacks in the future, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules of prevention. There is no need to overload your child with fatty foods; try to protect him from soda and fast food. Make sure there are no long breaks between meals.

It is important that the baby gets enough sleep, spends as much time as possible in the fresh air, and is vaccinated. Carry out hardening procedures with it. This will strengthen the child’s body and reduce the likelihood of complications of infectious diseases with acetone symptoms.