Reasons for the development of two dominant follicles in the ovary. Why do two dominant follicles sometimes mature? Consider the causes of this event

The female body is arranged in such a way that the birth of a new life depends on the quantity and quality of these small follicular elements in which the egg matures. Expectant mothers should know what processes are going on in their reproductive organs in order to contact a gynecologist in time for violations.

What are follicles

The process of the emergence of human life begins with the fertilization of the egg. What are follicles? These are the elements that protect her, the place where she matures until the moment of ovulation. The egg is securely surrounded by a layer of epithelium, a double layer of connective tissue. The possibility of pregnancy and bearing a child depends on high-quality protection. On ultrasound, it looks like a round formation. The second function of the elements is the production of the hormone estrogen.

Follicles on the ovaries go through their monthly cycle of evolution:

• start developing a few small pieces;
• one - antral - begins to increase in size;
• the rest decrease and die off - atresia occurs;
• the largest - dominant - continues to grow;
• under the influence of hormones, it breaks through, ovulation occurs;
• the egg enters the fallopian tubes;
• during sexual intercourse at the time of the meeting with the sperm, fertilization occurs;
• if this does not happen, during menstruation, the egg leaves the uterus along with the epithelium.

What is a dominant follicle

By the middle of the menstrual cycle, the follicular apparatus approaches the main stage of its activity. What is a dominant follicle? This is the largest and most mature element that protects the egg, which is already ready for fertilization. Before ovulation, it can grow up to two centimeters, more often located in the right ovary.

In a mature state, under the influence of hormones, it breaks - ovulation. The egg rushes to the fallopian tubes. If the maturation of the dominant element does not occur, ovulation does not occur. The causes of this condition are developmental disorders.

Persistent ovarian follicle - what is it

Due to hormonal changes that begin in adolescence, during menopause, there may be a violation of the activity of the follicular apparatus - persistence. This can cause delayed menstruation, bleeding. Persistent ovarian follicle - what is it? The situation means that the protective element:

• matured;
• reached a dominant state;
• there was no rupture;
• the egg did not come out;
• fertilization did not follow;
• pregnancy did not take place.

In this position, persistence occurs - the reverse development of the follicular formation, with further development of events from it, the formation of a cyst is possible. In order for the formation to burst, treatment with progesterone is prescribed in gynecology. What happens during persistence? The following process develops:

• hormones continue to be produced;
• thickening of the endometrial mucosa occurs;
• the uterus is compressed;
• the endometrium begins to shed;
• bleeding occurs.

Primordial follicle

The reserve of eggs for the whole life of a woman is laid in the womb, it is called the ovarian reserve. The primordial follicle is the primary stage in the development of the protective element. The rudiments of germ cells - oogonia - are located on the periphery of the inner surface of the ovary, have dimensions that are not visible to the eye. They are protected by a layer of granulosa cells and are at rest.

This continues until the girl's puberty - the beginning of the menstrual cycle. The course of this period is characterized by:

• the formation of follicle-stimulating hormone;
• under its influence, the growth of the nucleus of the egg - the oocyte;
• maturation of two layers of the outer protective shell;
• monthly development of several follicular elements that protect the egg.

Antral follicles

At the next, secondary stage, the follicles in the ovaries continue their development. Around the seventh day of the cycle, there is an increase in the number of cells that produce follicular fluid. Structural processes of the structure take place:

• antral follicles start producing estrogen on day 8;
• theca cells of the outer layer synthesize androgens - testosterone, androstenedione;
• the cavity containing the follicular fluid increases;
• The epithelium differentiates and becomes two-layered.

Preovulatory follicle - what is it

At the last, tertiary stage of maturation, the egg takes its place on a special hill, it is ready for fertilization. Preovulatory follicle - what is it? At this point, it is called the Graaffian bubble and is almost completely filled with liquid. Its number has increased tenfold compared to the previous period. The day before ovulation, major changes begin to occur.

At this time, the production of estrogen increases, then:

• it stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone, which triggers ovulation;
• the Graafian bubble forms a stigma on the wall - a protrusion;
• a breakthrough appears at this place - ovulation;
• after that, a corpus luteum is formed, which prevents the rejection of the endometrium due to the production of progesterone;
• after ovulation, it forms a pronounced network of blood vessels, helping the further formation of the placenta.

Solitary follicles in the ovary

How many tragedies happen because of the impossibility of conceiving a child. In some cases, ovarian impoverishment syndrome is observed. A woman is not able to become pregnant because their functioning stops. Single follicles in the ovary cannot develop to a normal size, there is a lack of ovulation, an early menopause occurs. The reasons for this situation may be:

• active sports;
• starvation diets;
• menopause;
• hormonal disorders;
• obesity.

The norm of follicles in the ovary

If there is an abnormal development of the follicular apparatus, the woman undergoes a regular examination for ultrasound. Compare the real picture and the number of follicles in the norm. With deviations - increases or decreases - a pathology arises - the impossibility of conception, the woman begins to be treated. How many follicles should an ovary have? At reproductive age, it depends on the days of the cycle:

• on the sixth, seventh - from 6 to 10 pieces;
• from the eighth to the tenth - one dominant appears - the rest die off.

How many follicles should be for conception

In order for a woman to become pregnant, the full maturation of the egg is necessary. How many follicles should be for conception? At the stage before fertilization, it is necessary to have one - high-quality dominant development. He must be ready to ovulate. If two such formations are found during an ultrasound examination, and they both undergo fertilization, twins will be born.

Follicle maturation

Folliculogenesis - the process of growth and maturation of the follicle under favorable conditions ends with ovulation and fertilization. Things don't always go well. In case of developmental disorders, observation and analysis is carried out using ultrasound. Starting from the 10th day of the cycle, the growth of the dominant element is monitored. If slow maturation is observed, ovulation does not occur, treatment is prescribed. During the next cycle, monitor the results. So you can increase the rate of maturation, achieve the onset of a long-awaited pregnancy.

Follicle size by day of cycle

Every month during menstruation, there is a gradual growth of follicles by day. The following process is observed:

• until the seventh day, the size of the bubble is in the range from 2 to 6 millimeters;
• starting from the eighth, there is an activation of the growth of the dominant formation up to 15 mm;
• the rest shrink and die;
• from 11 to 14 days of the cycle there is a daily increase;
• the mature element can be up to 25 mm in size.

Many follicles in the ovary - what does it mean

Deviation from the norm in the direction of increase is considered a pathology. A large number of follicles in the ovaries - more than 10 pieces are called multifollicular. With ultrasound, a huge number of small vesicles are observed, which is called follicular ovaries or polyfollicularity. When their number increases several times, a diagnosis of polycystic disease is made.

This situation does not mean the formation of a cyst, it is characterized by the presence of multiple follicular elements along the periphery. This can interfere with the development of dominant education, ovulation and conception. Such problems can be caused by stress or nervous disorders, and can quickly return to normal. Requires treatment for a situation caused by:

• improper selection of oral contraceptives;
• endocrine problems;
• weight gain;
• drastic weight loss.

Few follicles in the ovaries

A woman cannot become pregnant, to find out the reason, she is prescribed an ultrasound scan. Such a study takes place during the antral phase of the activity of the follicular apparatus - on the seventh day of the menstruation cycle. When at the same time they find that there are very few follicles in the ovaries, it is possible that the situation was provoked by a decrease in hormone levels. The analysis is carried out using a vaginal probe. If, during the examination, the follicles in the ovaries are in the amount of:

• from 7 to 16 - there is a chance of conception;
• from 4 to 6 - the possibility of getting pregnant is small;
• less than 4 - there is no chance of conception.

Two dominant follicles in one ovary

During the treatment of infertility with hormones, their concentration increases, instead of one, two dominant follicles mature in one ovary. It rarely happens on the left side. Those elements that should have stopped their development under the action of hormones begin to grow. Fertilization of two eggs can occur simultaneously or with a short time interval. This will lead to the birth of twins. If a woman has had sexual intercourse with different men in a short period, it is possible that the children will have different fathers.

Why the follicle does not mature - reasons

Developmental disorders have very serious problems - it leads to infertility. Why is the follicle not growing? There can be many reasons for this:

• early menopause - natural or surgical;
• disruption of the ovaries;
• having problems with ovulation;
• low estrogen production;
• endocrine disorders;
• inflammation in the pelvic organs;
• pituitary pathology.

Interruptions in maturation cause: stressful situations, the presence of depression, nervous strain. An important role is played by the state of the follicular component itself, it can:

• absent;
• have a stop in development;
• not reach the required dimensions;
• be late with maturation;
• not develop at all;
• linger with the moment of formation.

Video: how the follicle grows

Dominant follicle - what it is, we can say that this is the largest, developed follicle. In accordance with physiology, several follicles develop and mature in a woman's body in the initial phases of the cycle, but it is the one that exceeds the size of 15 mm or more and is dominant.

The number of follicles.

If we talk about how many follicles should be in the ovary, then at the very beginning it should be said that the number of primordial follicles at the time of the girl's birth varies within 1-2 million, at the time of her puberty - about 250-300000.

The number of follicles in the ovaries in the reproductive age of a woman depends on the current day of the cycle - on days 6-7, their number varies from 6 to 10, and from day 8 to the tenth one, the largest, the so-called dominant follicle is formed. As the doctors themselves note, it is rare for a woman to develop 2 or more dominant follicles in her body, which increases the chances of a multiple pregnancy.

Stages of follicle development.

In its development, the follicle goes through the following stages and each of them has its own medical name:

1. The primordial follicle is the immature ovum. It is a follicle surrounded by a connective type of sheath - so throughout the entire cycle in a woman they are produced in the body from 3 to three dozen, they gradually grow and transform into the primary type.
2. Preantral type of follicle - in this case, the oocyte is enlarged in size, surrounded by a membrane. At this stage, the level of production of the female hormones estrogen is increased in the woman's body.
3. Antral follicle - what is it? This is the so-called secondary follicle - at this stage, the cells of the granulosa layer are enlarged, which provoke an increase in the follicular fluid. This period of follicle development falls on the 8th-9th day of the cycle.
4. The cycle ends with the formation of a dominant follicle, the main one of all just before ovulation. It is the dominant follicle that is the largest of all.

At each stage, as the main, dominant follicle grows and develops, the number of all the others will gradually decrease.

If the follicles are more than normal?

Any deviation towards a decrease or even an increase is a pathology, and if a woman has more than 10 follicles detected by ultrasound, we are talking about such a phenomenon as multifolliculation. During the examination on the ultrasound monitor, you can see a large number of vesicles - follicular ovaries, but if their number increases significantly, then a diagnosis of polycystic disease is made.

Such a phenomenon interferes with the full formation and development of the dominant follicle, natural ovulation, and subsequent conception. The reason for this phenomenon can be very different, ranging from chronic overwork and stress to improper and prolonged use of contraceptives, malfunction of the endocrine system, sudden weight gain or weight loss. To normalize the process of production and maturation of follicles, the elimination of the root causes of the pathology is required - only after that we can talk about the normal process of formation of the dominant follicle, subsequent ovulation and conception.

Few follicles in the ovaries - what to expect?

Few follicles in the ovaries can also be triggered by various factors and causes - ranging from a malfunction in the hormonal system and a decrease in hormone levels to an early menopause. In this case, it is worth undergoing an examination using ultrasound, a vaginal sensor, diagnosing the causes and passing the course of treatment prescribed by the doctor. If a woman has 7 to 16 follicles in her ovaries, then the probability of conception is high, from 4 to 7 - then the chances of pregnancy are small, up to 4 - there may be no conception.

One ovary has several dominant follicles.

In the process of treating female infertility, doctors most often use a course of hormone therapy, and as a result, 2 or more dominant follicles can develop in one ovary. This phenomenon is rare, but it can cause the birth of twins, and if a woman had contact with different partners in a short period of time, each egg can be fertilized by a different man and the children can have different fathers. Most often, two follicles are formed precisely in the right ovary, rather than in the left - it is impossible to understand the reason for this nature of such a phenomenon, and doctors have not yet undertaken to put forward their theories.

If there is no dominant follicle.

If a dominant follicle is not detected on time, doctors note that several reasons can provoke this condition. In particular, such root causes can be:

• the doctor does not detect the follicle on time with an ultrasound due to the fact that the latter has not yet reached its size - this will indicate that ovulation as a physiological process has not yet passed, and the tests for hormone levels themselves remain normal;
• the follicle in the woman's body has developed to the desired size, but it does not burst - as a result, ovulation does not occur;
• the follicle itself at a certain stage of its development may stop in development and growth;
• diagnosing so-called sleeping ovaries in a patient

The absence of a dominant follicle may also be due to early menopause, as well as in the case of:

• malfunction of the ovaries and a malfunction in the endocrine system, when there is an increase or decrease in the female hormone in the blood;
• with damage to the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus;
• in the case of an inflammatory or infectious nature of the disease affecting the organs and systems of the small pelvis;
• with frequent, chronic stress and constant fatigue, physical overload;

regression or aggression that develops with hormonal failure in the body, including with an increase in the level of insulin in the blood;

What is worth doing?

First of all, it is worth going through a full and comprehensive examination - this will help to identify the root cause of pathological changes, if any, and further prescribe a course of treatment. Diagnosis is carried out not only on the basis of measuring basal temperature, but also by conducting an examination using ultrasound of the development of follicles on the 8-10th day of the menstrual cycle, passing laboratory tests for hormone levels at various stages of the menstrual cycle.

How to grow a dominant follicle?

How to increase the number of follicles in the eggs - stimulate ovulation. In this case, doctors prescribe a course of hormonal therapy - most often a drug such as Clostilbegit is prescribed, or another one, selected taking into account the individual characteristics of the woman's body and the root cause that provoked the pathology. Also, many patients note a positive trend in treatment after a course of taking folic acid, as well as a course of vitamins. The main thing is not to practice self-medication, but strictly follow the recommendations of the doctor.

Folk incentives.

Many women also note the high efficiency of using traditional medicine to stimulate funds from the arsenal of traditional medicine - most often, medicinal herbs are used for this, individually or in combination, such as hogweed, sage and red brush. It is these herbs, according to traditional healers, that stimulate the development, growth and maturation of the follicle, the release of the egg and the growth of the necessary endometrium. It is enough to steam 1 tbsp. l. on a glass of boiling water of a medicinal plant or collection, insist for half an hour and take for a month.

Contraindications for stimulation.

First of all, doctors note that stimulation is not carried out in case of diagnosing male-type infertility, when both partners must undergo an examination, as well as when:

• uterine pathologies;
• diagnosing acute inflammatory processes occurring in the organs and systems of the small pelvis, affecting the reproductive system of a woman;
• with obstruction of the fallopian tubes;

As practitioners note, the stimulation of ovulation and the development of the dominant follicle after 35-36 years for all women should become a regular procedure before a planned pregnancy. As for the duration of the stimulation course, its duration should not exceed 6 menstrual cycles. If pregnancy has not occurred within a given period of time, then in addition to the non-maturing of the dominant follicle and the absence of ovulation, there are other, more serious diseases and pathologies that cause infertility.

Follicles in the ovaries are essential for a woman's reproductive function. Ovulation - the release of an egg for subsequent fertilization - is impossible without their participation. The regular course of menstruation in most cases indicates the absence of violations in their work. Failure of their function occurs with pathologies of the sexual or endocrine sphere.

Description

Follicles are found in every appendage of a woman. All of them cannot be operational at the same time. Their maturation occurs gradually, during each menstrual cycle.

Structure

The follicle is an oocyte - a spherical cell. Its initial size does not exceed 25 µm. It is protected by a double layer of connective tissue and surrounded by epithelial cells. In its center is the nucleus and the germinal vesicle, from which the egg develops. The latter in a mature state is considered the largest cell in the body. Follicular fluid in the structure of the ovarian follicle is formed at the beginning of its growth. Such a bubble is highly likely to rupture in the current menstrual cycle.

purpose

The follicle is necessary to protect the egg from external influences. It provides her with favorable conditions for development. With the almost complete maturation of the female cell and with the beginning of the growth of the bubble in the first phase of the cycle, its fluid produces estrogen. When the latter reaches peak values, the level of luteinizing hormone increases sharply - it stimulates the rupture of the membrane for the release of the egg. This occurs in the middle of the cycle when the follicle in the ovary has matured and is called ovulation. This is where the functions of the bubble end.

In the future, the remnants of the shell are used to form the corpus luteum, which regulates the course of the last phase of the menstrual cycle.

Kinds

The types of follicles differ in their degree of maturity. This determines its diameter and the likelihood of a rupture in the current menstrual cycle.

Primordial

Primordial bubble is considered to be in a state of rest. This is the primary form of his development - it is in this state that he stays most of the time in the appendages of a woman. It contains an immature egg and does not increase in size. Its growth is possible in subsequent menstrual cycles.

Primary or preantral

Develops from the primordial. The dimensions of the primary sac slightly increase in comparison with the previous phase of its development. It occurs at the beginning of the menstrual cycle. Such vesicles contain a small volume of fluid, but are able to produce sex hormones.

Secondary, or antral

At this period of development, the fluid surrounding the egg is actively produced. More and more sex hormones are produced. Antral vesicles with a diameter of 7-11 mm are formed on the 8-9th day of the monthly cycle. With menopause, the number of such follicles in the ovary is minimized, sometimes they are completely absent.

Tertiary, or preovulatory, or mature

This species is most often called the dominant, or Graafian bubble, and is considered the peak of development. It reaches 18-22 mm in diameter, most often one or two of these follicles are located in one ovary. The Graafian vesicle is formed by the 14-16th day of the cycle. Its cavity contains a large volume of follicular fluid. The latter produces the maximum amount of estrogen, which contributes to the rupture of the membrane for the release of the egg.

The role of the dominant follicle

The functionality of the Graafian vesicle determines the likelihood of ovulation. In order for its shell to burst, it must produce the maximum amount of estrogen. The latter stimulate the pituitary gland, which produces luteinizing hormone, which triggers the process of ovulation. Under its influence, a stigma is formed on the vesicle - a protruding area in which the egg is located. It is at this point that the shell breaks.

The moment of ovulation is the most favorable time for conception. It lasts only a few days, and the egg itself is considered viable only for one day.

The dominant follicle is formed in the left or right ovary. In most women, the right appendage is considered more active - it is he who is also responsible for the production of sex hormones, the implementation of the reproductive function. The ovaries are able to work alternately - in this case, in one menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs in the left organ, and in the next - in the right.

What are ovarian follicles in women? The ovaries are paired organs of the female reproductive system. They monthly produce an egg suitable for fertilization by a spermatozoon. However, you can often hear from a doctor about the maturation of the follicle in the ovaries. What does it mean?

The fact is that the number of eggs is limited and is individual for each woman. Immature forms are in a special protective shell, a kind of bag. This is the follicle. It performs the following functions:

• Protection of the egg embryo from the effects of negative factors.
• Production of hormones. Participates in the synthesis of the female hormone estrogen.
• Ensuring the maturation of the egg. Inside the follicle, the egg matures every month, and it is also ensured that it enters the fallopian tubes during the period of ovulation.

Note. It is impossible to say exactly how many follicles should be in the ovary. It is generally accepted that their number is from 50 to 200 thousand.

Features of the ripening cycle

The number of female germ cells is formed at the stage of embryonic development. They are evenly distributed over the body of the ovary and, with the onset of puberty, the girl begins their maturation.

The formation of follicles in the ovaries occurs during each menstrual cycle. Gradually, this sac increases in size, and by the middle of the cycle it breaks, which is accompanied by the release of a mature egg and, possibly, its subsequent fertilization. If conception does not occur, menstrual bleeding occurs. This process is repeated normally every cycle.

When the follicles in the ovary mature, a woman may feel slight discomfort. This is due to an increase in the size of the organ and the subsequent rupture of the sac. Initially, several follicles are formed in the ovaries. The quantity norm is up to 10 units per cycle.

By the middle of the cycle, single follicles remain in the ovary. Usually only 1 follicle reaches the end of the maturation cycle. It's called dominant. The remaining formations gradually resolve. If 2 follicles in one or each ovary mature at the same time, the chance of conceiving twins increases.

Important! With artificial insemination or egg donation, artificial stimulation of multiple maturation of follicles in the amount of 6-30 pieces is performed.

What can go wrong

Not always the process of egg development occurs normally. There may be such a situation when in a separate menstrual cycle there are no follicles in the ovaries. What does it mean? In this case, the maturation of the egg does not occur, which means that conception in a natural way becomes impossible. In addition, the menstrual cycle fails, there is a lack of menstruation on time.

The absence of follicles can be both temporary and a sign of infertility. It is also one of the symptoms of the onset of menopause, when the resource of germ cells, laid down in the prenatal period, is depleted, or their maturation fails.

Also, violations associated with the maturation of an empty follicle are often observed. In this case, pregnancy is also impossible.

A slightly different situation - the growing follicle in the ovary does not burst or does not fully open, that is, it becomes persistent. Such a violation also provokes cycle disorders, and the accumulated fluid in the sac can be converted into a follicular cyst. Over time, with the normalization of the process, the cyst resolves on its own, however, with frequent failures of this kind, polycystic ovary develops.

Causes of violations

To eliminate deviations, it is important to find out what specifically provoked their occurrence. The reason why the follicles in the ovaries do not ripen may be such factors:

• Diseases of the gynecological sphere. Most often we are talking about pathologies of the ovaries, for example, polycystic. Also, various inflammatory processes and oncology can have an impact.
• Hormonal fluctuations. It can affect any hormone. But the greatest influence is exerted by prolactin, which is involved in the process of stimulating lactation.
• Taking hormonal contraceptives. Especially if the funds were chosen incorrectly, or the procedure for taking birth control pills was violated.
• Diseases of the thyroid gland. Such pathologies of the endocrine system negatively affect the activity of the whole organism.

A sign of violations can be not only an increased menstrual cycle, but also its shortening. There may be pain and discharge at different periods of the cycle.

Diagnosis and treatment

For diagnosis in such cases, it is necessary to undergo a complex of laboratory and hardware studies. With their help, it is possible to identify follicles suitable for development in the ovaries or the causes of deviations of these processes. Diagnostics includes:

• blood tests (general and biochemical);
• thyroid hormone tests;
• analyzes for sex hormones;
• gynecological examination;
• Ultrasound of the ovaries.

The size of the follicles in the ovaries is normally about 6-8 mm at the beginning of the cycle. Gradually, their number decreases, and the size increases, and a large dominant formation can be considered.

Only a doctor can explain the situation, why there are no follicles in the ovaries, and give recommendations on how to eliminate this problem. Treatment is selected individually and is generally aimed at achieving the following goals:

• normalization of hormone levels;
• elimination of cystic formations;
• stimulation of ovulation;
• restoration of the menstrual cycle;
• elimination of diseases of the endocrine system;
• improvement of metabolic processes.

Most often, treatment is limited to the use of hormonal drugs. In severe cases, surgery may be required, in particular, a puncture in the formation of cysts that threaten the woman's ability to conceive and bear a child. With the accumulation of immature follicles, cauterization of the ovary is performed.

Prevention

In order to maintain the process of maturation of follicles in the ovaries in a normal way and in general to prevent the development of problems with women's health, it is recommended to follow a number of preventive measures. Their essence is as follows:

• maintaining an active lifestyle;
• rejection of bad habits;
• proper balanced nutrition;
• avoidance of excessive emotional and physical stress;
• maintaining a full sexual life;
• protection against sexual infections;
• prevention of abortion;
• control of hormone levels;
• selection of oral contraceptives together with a qualified doctor;
• timely treatment of diseases of any kind;
• regular medical examination by a gynecologist.

Important! Pregnancy to a certain extent is also a prevention of women's health problems.

If you experience menstrual irregularities, pain in the lower abdomen or other suspicious changes, you should immediately consult a doctor for advice. It is necessary to regularly be examined by a gynecologist in order to prevent the development of such health problems.

The female body is full of secrets. One of them, for example, is the order of ovulation. The second is two ovulations in one cycle, with a difference of a week or less. Most women are unaware that "safe days" can come as a surprise, re-ovulation is a common occurrence. The fact of double maturation of eggs is given little attention.

• double ovulation. What is she?
• When does it occur?
• How often does it happen?
• What causes two ovulations in one menstrual cycle
• Time interval
• signs

double ovulation. What is she?

Double ovulation is perceived as a rarity or a myth. In fact, this is reality. In the classic menstrual cycle (MC), one egg reaches a mature state and leaves the follicle. There are cycles with multiple ovulation (double and triple). They will be discussed further.

Double ovulation happens:

• From one ovary (in one organ, 2 eggs mature at once - two dominant follicles in one ovary);
• From different ovaries (left and right - two dominant follicles in different ovaries).

Over time, it can occur:

• simultaneously;
• at different times - with a gap of up to several days.

When do two ovulations occur in one cycle?

Most often, in one cycle, two ovulations and more occur with drug stimulation of the ovaries. There is a method of infertility treatment that allows hormonal agents to influence the ovaries in such a way that several eggs mature at the same time. This is the so-called induced ovulation. The method is often used for in vitro fertilization, ICSI, infertility treatment for polycystic ovaries.

Under natural conditions, two ovulations in one cycle are less common, but they do occur. There are 11 proven "double" pregnancies in the world, which occurred as a result of two separate ovulations in one cycle. The gap between the release of eggs was several days.

Reasons for the development of the second egg

In the first phase of MC, under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), several eggs begin to mature at once in the ovarian follicles (in one or two at the same time). Soon a leader appears - the dominant follicle, which will give a mature egg after the rupture of the membrane.

It continues to grow and reaches 20 mm. The impetus for ovulation is given by the peak concentration of luteinizing hormone.

In classical MC, the remaining follicles, which have reached a size of 15 mm or more, undergo reverse development (atresia). In atypical cycles, after the first ovulation, bursts of LH and FSH are observed, which can “wake up” the follicles that began development along with the dominant one. All vesicles that have stopped their development are potential eggs, which, with an increase in the concentration of hormones, can continue to grow and undergo ovulation.

How often does double ovulation occur?

The second (repeated) surge of hormones responsible for maturation and ovulation occurs in 10% of women. The presence of the third wave of gonadotropic hormones was recorded in 6%. Follicular growth is observed even during pregnancy, despite the high content of progesterone, which should completely suppress it.

What causes two ovulations in one menstrual cycle?

The nature of the phenomenon has not been sufficiently studied to draw final conclusions. It is well known that LH concentration rises during acute stress. Additional stimulation is possible with rape, episodic intercourse with irregular sexual activity.

There are hypotheses about the effect of food and some medicinal plants containing plant estrogens on re-stimulation. A genetic predisposition has not been excluded.

Time gap between two ovulations

Double ovulation, when two dominant follicles are formed, can be simultaneous or with a gap of several hours. Repeated ovulation in one cycle, occurring on the second wave of the rise in the concentration of gonadotropic hormones, occurs at least a day later, the maximum period is 7 days after the first ovulation. During this time, the corpus luteum is fully formed, the concentration of progesterone reaches a level that can suppress potential re-ovulation.

Double ovulation and pregnancy

With double ovulation, pregnancy under favorable conditions occurs with both eggs. Proof of this is the birth of twins and triplets. A woman can become pregnant on any day of the cycle. The eleven cases of double superconception described above were from different men. The theoretical chances of becoming the father of a “not your own” child from twins is 1:40.

Signs of double ovulation

How to "recognize" double ovulation? Signs of double ovulation can theoretically be:

• repeated positive ovulation test result within one cycle;
• pain in the ovary, some women (25%) feel the moment the egg is released;
• increased sex drive.

Reliable signs of double ovulation can only be detected during ultrasound. During the study, the dominant follicle, the forming corpus luteum, and after a while, the second follicle is fixed. After the release of the egg, the corpus luteum is in its place. In order to determine double ovulation, you need to monitor the processes occurring in the ovaries. But in practice, they don't do it on purpose.

If there is no ovulation, when should you sound the alarm?

Ovum mature, overripe, old

Treatment for lack of ovulation or how to get pregnant?

The process of fertilization of the egg

Late ovulation with a 28 day cycle

stanumamoy.com.ua

There are two dominant follicles in one ovary: what does this mean

Two dominant follicles in one ovary are extremely rare and allow a woman to become a mother of twins. In each paired organ, the process of maturation of several follicles is observed monthly, which is due to the influence of hormones. The dominant is large, a mature egg comes out of it.

The size of the "leading" follicle is about 2 cm. Its main task is to protect the egg, ready to merge with the sperm, from the negative effects of various factors. The rest of the formations produce estrogens, intended for the formation of the endometrium, the development of the mammary glands.

If two dominant follicles have matured, then multiple ovulation occurs. In the case of fertilization of both eggs and the introduction of embryos into the uterine cavity, twins are obtained. Moreover, during ovulation, the eggs leave the ovary at the same time, or one of them comes out a day or several days after the other.

Reasons for the formation of two dominant follicles

This phenomenon occurs as a result of ovarian stimulation with hormonal drugs, including when using the IVF technique. There are other factors that provoke it:

• taking plant estrogens (chamomile flowers, raspberry leaves);
• genetic predisposition to increased hormone production;
• rare intimate life;
• frequent stress;
• cancellation of oral contraceptives;
• age over 35 years.
• the use of certain products (milk, cherries, apricots, cereals, beef, etc.).

At the end of taking oral contraceptives, a withdrawal syndrome occurs, that is, the appendages are included in work after rest. This leads to the fact that two follicles appear in one ovary and a multiple pregnancy develops. Due to changes in hormonal levels, the likelihood of conceiving multiple babies increases after 35 years.

It has been scientifically proven that during ovulation, the release of several eggs from the ovary at once occurs against the background of a hereditary predisposition. Black women are 3 times more likely to have twins than fair-skinned women. Asian peoples rarely have several babies at once.

How to determine double ovulation in the ovary

There are no specific signs of this phenomenon. It can be detected by performing a pelvic ultrasound. In this case, in one appendage or two, two dominant follicles with the same size are found.

At home, double ovulation is detected using ovulation tests, which demonstrate the possibility of fertilization 2 times in one cycle. In addition, the woman notes repeated pain in the ovaries.

Signs of ovulation in one or different ovaries:

• increased libido;
• viscous consistency and an increase in the volume of cervical mucus;
• excessive sensitivity and swelling of the breast;
• the appearance of scanty bloody streaks from the genital tract.

A woman who bears 2 babies is subjected to a heavy load. During pregnancy, she gains weight more rapidly, more intensely feels the movements of the fetus. Childbirth in this case is often carried out by caesarean section.

oyaichnikah.ru

Two follicles in different ovaries: is it possible to get pregnant with twins and why it happens that several mature, sometimes in one

A woman is able to become pregnant due to the presence of her follicles, which normally mature and are available in the right amount. They perform a protective function - they protect the eggs in the process of their development. Normally, during one menstrual cycle, one is released - dominant, but sometimes two ripen.

The reasons

The development of two follicles at once in one or more ovaries occurs under the influence of certain factors.

Among the reasons provoking such a phenomenon are the following:

• The state of stress, nervousness, acute feelings as a result of conflict situations.
• Irregular, episodic intimate life.
• Predisposition at the genetic level.
• The use of foods or drugs with high concentrations of estrogen.

Simultaneous this rarely occurs, but as a result, it can lead to multiple pregnancies.

in one ovary

Most often, maturation in the right ovary occurs after prolonged hormonal stimulation. In rare cases, they ripen in the left. In the process of stimulation, those follicles that normally stop developing actively grow under the influence of hormones. So there are 2 main elements. The eggs in them mature at the same time, or after some time.

If one egg is fertilized, one child will be born. If both are fertilized, the woman will have twins.

Peculiarity! With intimate contact with different partners, during one menstrual cycle with two ovulations, in case of conception, children may have different fathers.

Follicles in the right and left ovaries may develop differently. Sometimes it happens that in each ripens one at a time. It is not considered a pathology.

A similar phenomenon is more typical for women who have not yet given birth. So nature is trying to increase the chances of conception for those who have crossed the thirty-year mark.

Is it possible to conceive twins?

Due to the chaotic development, there remains the possibility of the simultaneous appearance of two dominant ones in the same ovary or in different ones. If pregnancy is planned, a woman's chances of conceiving twins increase.

For this to happen, 2 mature eggs must be released. If they are fertilized at the same time or with a short interval, the woman will have two children.

Attention! The likelihood of multiple pregnancy increases in partners who have twins in the family.

For successful conception, the egg must be fully mature. If each ovary develops in a dominant way, each of which is ready for the ovulation process, this increases the likelihood of conception. Then, during one cycle, 1 egg will be fertilized or 2 alternately.

To increase the chances of getting pregnant, partners need to:

• Have sex every three days.
• Stop drinking alcohol and cigarettes.
• Try not to be stressed.
• Do not take antibiotics during this time.

A woman should refrain from hot baths and excessive physical exertion.

Is treatment necessary?

In a healthy woman, the number of follicles depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle. If there are a lot of them in the ovaries a few days after the end of menstruation, then this is not a pathology. Most often this is the result of overwork or hormonal disruptions.

Treatment becomes a necessity only in the only case when the eggs do not come out, and the follicle develops into an ovarian cyst. Then you need medical help and specialist advice.

Will there be two ovulations?

Science has proven that a second ovulation can occur within the same menstrual cycle. This phenomenon is characterized by the following features:

• If two mature eggs are released and both are fertilized, different ovarian twins will be born.
• One or two ovaries can participate in the process.
• The first and second ovulation occur simultaneously, or with an interval of 2-3 days.
• If at the first conception did not occur, then the probability remains at the second.

Interesting! In fact, its re-occurrence is not uncommon, but goes unnoticed if conception does not occur.

Every woman has 2 ovulations at least once in her life. When a healthy body has all the conditions for procreation and the uterus is functioning normally, there may be a re-ripening. And if there is another wave of activity, twins or even triplets may be born.

Most often, re-ovulation occurs after stimulation, when a woman has not been able to get pregnant before. Then, under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormones, hyperovulation occurs, and the chances of conception increase. But it is possible that this can happen in a normal cycle.

Signs of such a phenomenon

You can track it by the presence of characteristic symptoms. If two eggs mature, this is evidenced by:

Important! You can confirm double ovulation using a special test or ultrasound, which will show two dominant elements, or the formation of a corpus luteum instead of one of them, if it had burst by that time.

mirmamy.net

Double ovulation: the first symptoms and causes

The body of a woman is a big mystery. An example of this is the process of ovulation. Another mystery is - two ovulations per cycle. Many of the fair sex do not know that the so-called "safe days" are fraught with an unexpected surprise. After all, two ovulations in one cycle are quite common. But directly to the fact of multiple ovulation in one cycle, little attention is deservedly paid.

Absolutely every representative of the female half of the population who has reached reproductive age must be familiar with the understanding of the concept of "menstrual cycle". Thanks to this amazing feature, a woman's body can produce offspring. It is also necessary to control menstruation, allowing you to plan your pregnancy in the future. The hypothalamus regulates the monthly change in hormones and physiological modifications. These actions are closely related to the work of the female gonads - the ovaries, which secrete hormones. The main stage of development is ovulation. Characterized by the maturation and release of the egg from the follicle. During this period, the body of a healthy woman is ready for fertilization.

What does double ovulation mean?

double ovulation

The average woman considers multiple ovulation a fiction and does not attach much importance to it. As a rule, two ovaries function in a woman's body. At the same time, follicles grow and develop in them, their number varies from 8 to 12 pieces. A couple of days before the end of menstruation, one of them becomes dominant, continues to grow, and the rest, under the influence of progesterone, stop their development, then completely disappear.

But it also happens that several dominant follicles can mature. So, can there be two ovulations in one cycle? Yes, of course, this phenomenon is called multiple ovulation.

Double ovulation can be of two types:

• in the case when 2 dominant follicles are in the same ovary;
• when the dominant follicles are in different ovaries.

In this case, we can talk about the birth of twins. Babies may not be similar, moreover, they are likely to be of different sexes.

The maturation of two dominant follicles is a rather unique event. Double ovulation can occur both at the same time, and within a few days, and sometimes days.

Causes of double ovulation

Reasons for double ovulation

The most common cause of double ovulation in one cycle is considered to be ovarian stimulation with hormonal drugs. A well-known treatment method is to use hormones to stimulate the female gonads. After such treatment, as a rule, several follicles mature at once. The whole process of treatment is aimed at inducing ovulation, or in other words, induction.

In reproductive medicine, a similar method is often used to treat infertility, polycystic ovaries, in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Can a lifestyle influence the occurrence of double ovulation and become a prerequisite for the formation of a second egg?

The causes of double ovulation are not fully understood. Scientists have deduced several factors in this regard that can lead to the maturation of eggs in both ovaries:

• In vitro fertilization.
• Taking herbs and foods rich in steroid female hormones - estrogens.
• Genetic predisposition to excessive production of hormones.
• Rare sex life.
• Stress.
• Taking hormonal contraceptives.

In vitro fertilization is used when natural conception is impossible. The technique of this procedure consists in the location of several fertilized eggs in the female body so that at least one of them takes root. But it often happens that everyone gets accustomed. Thus, a multiple pregnancy develops.

Many foods and herbs contain a certain amount of the female hormone estrogen.

• legumes (soybeans, peas, lentils);
• nuts and seeds;
• milk;
• beef;
• fruits (cherries, apricots, raspberries);
• cereals (wheat, rye, barley);
• herbs (shepherd's purse, raspberry leaves, licorice root, chamomile flowers).

Scientists conducted research and found that the cause of excessive production of hormones contributes to a genetic predisposition. So in dark-skinned women, twins are born 3 times more often, but no more. While in Asians, the appearance of twins is extremely rare.

The occurrence of double ovulation when taking contraceptives occurs by cancellation. When taking pills, the reproductive function stops completely. Oocytes rest during this period. As soon as the drug ends, they begin to work hard, often causing the formation of several follicles.

The natural causes of the origin of the process of double ovulation include the age of the expectant mother. Recently, women began to give birth after 35 years. With age, the amount and concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone in the blood increases.

Also, the factors include such a rare deviation as the multifunctionality of the ovaries.

At the same time, there is a change in the very structure of the female gonads. The danger for a patient who ovulates twice per cycle is that with the simultaneous maturation of follicles in both ovaries, not all can burst. Further, a cyst appears on the site of a non-bursting follicle.

Double ovulation, signs and detection

double ovulation

In practice, tracking the presence of two ovulations is not always possible. Because there are no special changes in the menstrual cycle, as well as the presence of any characteristic signs. You can track it with an ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Most often, doctors are faced with double ovulation in women who are planning their pregnancy.

With ultrasound, it is possible to see two follicles with dominant features. They are identical in size and density.

There are specialized tests based on the detection of luteinizing hormone, and basal temperature measurements can also be taken.

Signs and symptoms associated with double ovulation

Signs of ovulation

In theory, symptoms are recognized in two ways:

• During one cycle, the ovulation test will be positive when it is repeated.
• Pain in the ovaries.

Scientists have determined that up to 30% of the fair sex feel when an egg is released. The characteristic features are:

• High sex drive.
• The mucus produced by the cervical canal of the uterus becomes larger.
• The mammary glands become more sensitive, swelling of the glands often occurs.
• Isolation of small bloody streaks from the genital tract. It is worth noting that there should not be a lot of discharge, but if this is not the case, it is recommended to consult a gynecologist.

How does double ovulation affect pregnancy?

Effect of ovulation on pregnancy

This syndrome does not have a special effect on the course of pregnancy. The load on a woman is naturally greater:

• intense weight gain;
• shocks when moving will be much more intense;

As a rule, delivery during such a pregnancy occurs by caesarean section and is carried out before the term of natural childbirth.

It is worth noting that treatment for this type of ovulation is not prescribed. This condition of the female body is not considered a pathology.

If there is a reception of hormonal contraceptives, as a result of which double ovulation was detected, it is necessary to consult with the attending gynecologist and adjust the further intake of drugs.

mamazdorova.ru

2018 Women's Health Blog.