Anti-inflammatory drugs for colds. In children and adults

Joint pain significantly complicates life and interferes with a full life. Pain does not go away on its own. Therefore, treatment is accompanied, first of all, by anti-inflammatory drugs. Their list is quite wide. In structure, they differ from others in the absence of steroid hormones, which allows a large group of patients to take the medicine.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used to treat large and small joints, as well as ligaments. The disease is accompanied by swelling, pain and hyperthermia. At the same time, prostaglandins are formed in the body - substances that activate the production of hormones in the blood. As a result of the influence on the vessels, the body temperature rises, and inflammatory reactions intensify, which leads to arthritis, osteochondrosis and other unpleasant diseases.

The enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) is blocked by the non-hormonal action of NSAIDs. Swelling and redness decrease, the temperature returns to normal, inflammation subsides.

NSAIDs have a positive effect on diseases:

  • relieve inflammation;
  • have analgesic properties;
  • effectively lower the temperature;
  • have an antiaggregatory effect - eliminate the adhesion of platelets.

Do not forget that drugs - immunosuppressants, help in the treatment of rheumatism, but have a depressing effect on the immune system as a whole.

Classification of drugs

It is worth noting that COX is divided into two types. The first produces prostaglandin, which protects the lining of the stomach and intestines from damage. And the second connects prostaglandins that increase the temperature.

Therefore, drugs are usually differentiated into two parts:

  • selective (they inhibit COX2);
  • non-selective.

The latter, in turn, are also grouped. Some act equally on both COX, others on COX1.

The former are prescribed for acute respiratory viral infections, after operations, for injuries, infections, others save from rheumatism and diseased joints, have anti-inflammatory properties.

Indications for the use of NSAIDs for the treatment of joints

Anti-inflammatory drugs are safe for short-term use and in the absence of contraindications.

Medicines are used in chronic and acute inflammatory processes:

  • migraine;
  • trauma;
  • arthritis, rheumatism, ankylosing spondylitis;
  • toothache;
  • gout;
  • renal and hepatic colic;
  • inflammatory diseases of the spine, muscles, musculoskeletal system, joints and bones;
  • sciatica, sciatica, neuralgia;
  • painful critical days;
  • infections;
  • metastases in cancer.

List of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).

In practice for over a hundred years. Assign to fight SARS, relieve headaches. Together with other substances, they are used for the treatment of osteoarthritis. But in acute inflammation, aspirin is replaced by more powerful medicines.

Diclofenac.

Available in tablets, suppositories, gel and injection. The popular pain reliever is absorbed within twenty minutes and understands the fever.

Ibuprofen.

Release form - candles, tablets. It is easy to carry, has a low price tag. It is prescribed for neuralgia, bursitis, hematomas, sprains, influenza, SARS, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, Bechterew's disease, osteoarthritis, febrile conditions. Ibuprofen has many analogues in different price categories.

Nimesulide.

When using it, the temperature normalizes, the body becomes mobile as a result of anesthesia. The ointment is applied to the arthritic area. There is a slight redness, so the effect of the drug is manifested.

Indometacin is one of the strongest drugs with analgesic effect.

Produced in the form of ointments, suppositories, tablets. Although the medication is cheap, this does not prevent it from having an incomparable effect on arthritic and arthrotic joints. Before use, a doctor's consultation is required due to the impressive list of side effects.

Meloxicam belongs to the group of NSAIDs.

Available in tablets and in solution for intramuscular injection. Pharmacological action - anti-inflammatory analgesic with antipyretic effect. Indicated for symptomatic therapy, reducing pain and inflammation. Treats osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis. It is allowed to use meloxicam under the supervision of a specialist even for several years. Long-term exposure allows you to take one tablet during the day. It is possible to purchase a substance under various names - Movalis, Melbek, Melox, Artrozan, Mesipol, Mataren, etc.

Some drugs, under the strict supervision of a doctor, are allowed to be taken by pregnant women in case of vital necessity, in no case in the third trimester.

The doctor may prescribe:

  • diclofenac;
  • ibuprofen;
  • aspirin;
  • ketorolac;
  • indomethacin;
  • naproxen.

It is forbidden to drink medicines on your own.

NSAIDs of a new generation for the treatment of joints

Medical technology does not stand still. Every day, hundreds of scientists are trying to develop the latest pills and modernize the time-tested. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have not been spared either. New generation drugs act more selectively and thoroughly suppress inflammation. The most important thing here is the absence of a serious effect on the gastrointestinal tract and cartilage tissue.

List of new generation non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Among the useful "drugs", Movalis with the active ingredient in the form of meloxicams became the most effective. With arthrosis, a real lifesaver. Long-term use has practically no effect on the work of the stomach and intestines. Analogues work in the same area - Melbek, Mesipol, Mirloks.

The drug Ksefokam has the ability to stretch the effect of the panacea, so that patients do not feel pain for about twelve hours. Most importantly, Ksefokam is not addictive, and the ability to relieve pain is comparable to morphine. However, the high cost does not allow everyone to purchase the drug in the first-aid kit. Produced by prescription.

The antioxidant Nimesulide blocks the action of substances that break down collagens and cartilage. Arthrosis of the joints is treatable, the pain becomes dull, the inflammation disappears. Sold in granules for solution, tablets, in the form of a gel.

Celecoxib was originally called Celebrex. Release form - capsules 200 and 100 mg. A pronounced fight against arthrosis arthritis does not affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, the mucous membrane remains normal.

Etoricoxib is sold under the brand name Arcoxia. Reception up to 150 mg per day does not affect the functioning of the intestines and stomach. The average dose for arthrosis is approximately 30-60 mg per day.

The cost of medicines varies. On the advice of a doctor, the patient can buy a more expensive drug or its analogue, in accordance with contraindications and side effects. Means stop unbearable pain and eliminate inflammation. After taking them, another treatment should be prescribed.

General application rules

Take on an independent guide to medicines is not worth it. Contacting a specialist will help you understand the methods and rules of treatment. To do this, you need to prepare all statements about previous or concomitant diseases and take tests so that the doctor chooses the right treatment.

Tablets are taken immediately after meals with half a glass of water or low-fat milk to assimilate and protect the gastrointestinal tract from harmful effects. In parallel, bifidobacteria should be taken.

If long-term use is planned, then start with a minimum dose, gradually increasing the amount.

Side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

  1. Allergy.
  2. Bronchospasm.
  3. Dyspeptic disorders.
  4. Violation of renal functions (nephropathy, vessels narrow).
  5. Ulcerogenic action (development of erosion or stomach ulcers).
  6. Increased blood activity in the liver.
  7. miscarriages.
  8. In rare cases, bleeding disorders.

Contraindications to the use of NSAIDs

Any, even the most harmless drug, has contraindications. NSAIDs have several of them:

  • pregnancy;
  • individual intolerance;
  • disorders in the work of the kidneys and liver;
  • peptic ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract and duodenum;
  • thrombo- and leukopenia.

They are the most common drugs and have long been used in medicine. After all, pain and inflammation accompany most diseases. And for many patients, these drugs bring relief. But their use is associated with the risk of side effects. And not all patients have the opportunity to use them without harm to health. Therefore, scientists create new drugs, trying to keep them highly effective and have no side effects. These properties are possessed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of a new generation.

The history of these drugs

In 1829, salicylic acid was obtained, and scientists began to investigate its effect on humans. New substances were synthesized and drugs appeared that eliminated pain and inflammation. And after the creation of aspirin, they started talking about the emergence of a new group of drugs that do not have such negative effects as opiates and are more effective in treating fever and pain. After that, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs became popular. This group of drugs received this name because they do not contain steroids, that is, hormones, and they do not have such strong side effects. But they still have a negative effect on the body. Therefore, for more than a hundred years, scientists have been trying to create a drug that would act effectively and have no side effects. And only in recent years, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of a new generation with such properties have been obtained.

How these drugs work

Any inflammation in the human body is accompanied by pain, swelling and hyperemia of tissues.

All these processes are controlled by special substances - prostaglandins. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the list of which is growing, affect the formation of these substances. Due to this, signs of inflammation are reduced, fever and swelling disappear, and pain subsides. Scientists have long found out that the effectiveness of these drugs is due to the fact that they affect the enzyme cyclooxygenase, with the help of which prostaglandins are formed. But recently it has been discovered that it exists in several forms. And only one of them is a specific enzyme of inflammation. Many NSAIDs have an effect on another form of it, and therefore cause side effects. A new generation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress enzymes that cause inflammation, without affecting those that protect the gastric mucosa.

What diseases are NSAIDs used for?

Treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is widespread both in medical institutions and in self-treatment of pain symptoms by patients. These drugs relieve pain, reduce fever and swelling, and reduce blood clotting. Their use is effective in such cases:

With diseases of the joints, arthritis, bruises, muscle strain and myositis (as an anti-inflammatory agent). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteochondrosis are very effective in relieving pain.

Often they are used as an antipyretic for colds and infectious diseases.

These drugs are most in demand as an anesthetic for headaches, renal and hepatic colic, postoperative and premenstrual pain.

Side effects

Most often, with prolonged use of NSAIDs, lesions of the gastrointestinal tract occur: nausea, vomiting, dyspeptic disorders, ulcers and gastric bleeding.

In addition, these drugs also affect the activity of the kidneys, causing a breakdown in their functions, an increase in protein in the urine, urinary retention and other disorders.

Even new generation non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not spared from the negative impact on the patient's cardiovascular system, they can cause increased pressure, heart palpitations and swelling.

Headache, dizziness, and drowsiness often occur after the use of these drugs.

1. You can not take these drugs for long courses, so as not to increase side effects.

2. You need to start taking a new medicine gradually, in small doses.

3. It is worth drinking these drugs only with water, and to reduce side effects, you need to drink at least a glass of it.

4. You can not take several NSAIDs at the same time. The therapeutic effect of this is not enhanced, but the negative impact will be higher.

5. Do not self-medicate, take drugs only as directed by your doctor.

7. During treatment with these drugs, you can not take alcoholic beverages. In addition, NSAIDs affect the effectiveness of certain drugs, for example, reduce the effect of hypertensive drugs.

Forms of release of NSAIDs

The most popular tablet forms of these drugs. But it is they who have the strongest negative effect on the gastric mucosa.

In order for the drug to immediately enter the bloodstream and begin to act without side effects, it is administered intravenously or intramuscularly, which is possible, though not always.

More accessible is another form of application of these drugs - rectal suppositories. They have less negative effect on the stomach, but they are contraindicated in intestinal diseases.

For local inflammatory processes and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, it is best to use external medicines. NSAIDs come in the form of ointments, solutions, and creams that are effective in relieving pain.

Classification of NSAIDs

Most often, these drugs are divided into two groups according to their chemical composition. Distinguish drugs derived from acids and non-acidic. You can also classify NSAIDs according to their effectiveness. Some of them better relieve inflammation, such as Dicofenac, Ketoprofen or Movalis. Others are more effective for pain - Ketonal or Indomethacin. There are also those that are most often used to reduce fever - medicines "Aspirin", "Nurofen" or "Nise". Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of a new generation are also allocated to a separate group, they are more effective and have no side effects.

NSAIDs derived from acids

The largest list of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs refers to acids. There are several types in this group:

Salicylates, the most common of which is the drug "Aspirin";

Pyrazolidins, for example, the remedy "Analgin";

Those that contain indoleacetic acid - the drug "Indomethacin" or "Etodolac";

Derivatives of propionic acid, for example, the means "Ibuprofen" or "Ketoprofen";

Oxicams are new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which include Piroxicam or Meloxicam;

The derivatives of isonicotinic acid include only the medicine "Amizon".

Non-acid NSAIDs

The second group of these drugs are non-acid. These include:

Sulfonamides, for example, the drug "Nimesulide";

Derivatives of coxibs - means "Rofecoxib" and "Celecoxib";

Alcanones, for example, the drug "Nabemeton".

The developing pharmaceutical industry creates more and more new drugs, but often they are the same composition as the already known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

List of the most effective NSAIDs

1. Means "Aspirin" - the oldest medical drug, still widely used in inflammatory processes and pain. Now it is produced under other names. This substance can be found in Bufferan, Instprin, Novandol, Upsarin Upsa, Fortalgin S and many others.

2. The drug "Diclofenac" was created in the 60s of the 20th century and is now very popular. Produced under the names "Voltaren", "Ortofen", "Diklak", "Klodifen" and others.

3. The drug "Ibuprofen" has proven itself as an effective analgesic and antipyretic agent, which is also easily tolerated by patients. It is also known under the names "Dolgit", "Solpaflex", "Nurofen", Mig 400" and others.

4. The drug "Indomethacin" has the strongest anti-inflammatory effect. It is produced under the names "Metindol", "Indovazin" and others. These are the most common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for joints.

5. The drug "Ketoprofen" is also quite popular in the treatment of diseases of the spine and joints. You can buy it under the names "Fastum". "Bystrum", "Ketonal" and others.

New generation NSAIDs

Scientists are constantly developing new drugs that are more effective and have fewer side effects.

These requirements are met by modern NSAIDs. They act selectively, only on those enzymes that control the process of inflammation. Therefore, they have less effect on the gastrointestinal tract and do not destroy the cartilage tissue of patients. It is possible to drink them for a long time without fear of getting side effects. The advantages of these drugs also include a long period of their action, so they can be taken less often - only 1 time per day. The disadvantages of these drugs include a rather high price. Such modern NSAIDs are Nimesulide, Meloxicam, Movalis, Artrozan, Amelotex, Nise and others.

NSAIDs in diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Diseases of the joints and spine often cause unbearable suffering to patients. In addition to severe pain in this case, there are swelling, hyperemia and stiffness of movements. It is best to take NSAIDs at the same time, they are 100% effective in case of inflammatory processes. But since they do not cure, but only relieve symptoms, such drugs are used only at the beginning of the disease, to relieve pain.

The most effective in such cases, external means. The best non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteochondrosis are Diclofenac, better known to patients under the name Voltaren, as well as Indomethacin and Ketoprofen, which are used both in the form of ointments and orally. The drugs "Butadion", "Naproxen" and "Nimesulide" relieve pain well. The most effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for arthrosis are tablets, it is recommended to use Meloxicam, Celecoxib or Piroxicam medicines. The choice of the drug should be individual, so the doctor should deal with the selection of it.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs- an extensive group of drugs in medicine, prescribed for the relief of pain, lowering the temperature in various diseases. Medicines have not only a pronounced therapeutic effect, but also certain contraindications, side effects.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have a number of contraindications

Classification of NSAIDs

In pharmacology, different signs are used to distribute non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

By chemical structure

According to the chemical structure and activity, drugs are divided into acidic and non-acidic drugs.

Groups of acid preparations:

  • oxicam - Meloxicam, Piroxicam;
  • preparations based on indoleacetic acid - Indomethacin, Sulindac;
  • drugs that contain propionic acid - Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen;
  • salicylates - Aspirin;
  • preparations based on phenylacetic acid - Diclofenac, Aceclofenac;
  • pyrazolone derivatives - Analgin, Phenylbutazone.

Aspirin belongs to the group of salicylates.

Non-acid agents include alkanones (Nabumeton), sulfonamides (Nimesulide), coxibs (Celecoxib, Rofecoxib).

All non-steroidal drugs have a similar mechanism of action, have a non-specific effect on inflammatory enzymes, therefore, they well eliminate pain of various origins, cope well with fever during colds and flu. But for each drug, this or that action is somewhat more pronounced than for other drugs of the same group.

According to the principle of general action

According to the mechanism of action, NSAIDs are classified into selective and non-selective drugs.

non-selective NSAIDs

The body produces 2 types of cyclooxygenase enzymes. COX-1 appear only as a response to the inflammatory process, COX-2 protects the walls of the stomach from the influence of negative factors.

Non-selective NSAIDs inhibit the synthesis of COX-1 and COX-2, therefore, they have an extensive list of adverse reactions; this group includes most nonsteroidal drugs.

Indications - high fever, migraine, gynecological and dental diseases, biliary colic, chronic prostatitis. But most often, NSAIDs are prescribed to eliminate the manifestation of problems with joints, muscles - arthritis, arthrosis, myositis, bruises, sprains, fractures. The main contraindications are peptic ulcer, poor blood clotting, kidney and liver pathologies, asthma.

List of popular non-selective NSAIDs

Pharmaceutical companies are constantly trying to reduce the negative impact of NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal tract, so modern non-selective drugs are safe, have a long period of action, which allows you to take drugs once a day.

List of non-selective NSAIDs of the new generation:

  1. Movalis is an effective remedy, there are solutions for injections, pills, ointments on sale, the medicine has a powerful antipyretic effect, quickly eliminates pain and signs of inflammation.
  2. Xefocam is one of the best remedies for relieving an acute attack of pain, the action of the drug is similar to morphine, but it belongs to non-narcotic drugs. Available in tablets and powder.
  3. Nimesulide - tablets and gel with a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, help well with back and joint pain, the medicine eliminates hyperemia, swelling, signs of the inflammatory process, improves mobility.
  4. Aertal - in terms of therapeutic effect, the drug is similar to Diclofenac, but has greater selectivity, is produced in tablets, powder for suspensions, in the form of a cream.
During long-term treatment with NSAIDs, it is necessary to regularly monitor the functioning of the liver, kidneys, blood counts, this is especially true for elderly patients.

Movalis is an effective non-steroidal agent

selective NSAIDs

Most modern NSAIDs are selective inhibitors, they block only the inflammatory enzyme, as practice shows, they have a more gentle effect on the gastrointestinal tract, so the risk of ulcers and bleeding is reduced, but the likelihood of blood clots increases. The disadvantage is the high cost.

Selective drugs are more effective than non-selective drugs, the therapeutic effect is observed within 20-30 minutes after taking the medicine, they are successfully practiced in severe joint diseases - infectious non-specific polyarthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis and arthritis, gout, osteoarthritis, osteochondrosis.

List of the best NSAIDs:

  1. Celebrex - capsules to eliminate fever, pain and inflammation, significantly reduce the risk of colon cancer. The medicine helps well with arthritis, osteochondrosis.
  2. Firocoxib is a highly selective drug in the form of tablets.
  3. Rofecoxib - the drug quickly copes with pain, swelling with bursitis, tendonitis, sprains, eliminates fever, headache and toothache of varying degrees of intensity. Produced in the form of tablets, suppositories, solution for injections, gel.

Celebrex is a selective drug

But even drugs that do not affect the stomach should not be taken in the presence of internal bleeding, perforation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, which occurred while taking NSAIDs. Potent medicines are also contraindicated in severe forms of dysfunction of the kidneys, liver, heart, hemocoagulation disorders, aspirin asthma.

NSAIDs are antiplatelet agents, they are prescribed for diseases of the heart and blood vessels - ischemia, angina pectoris, prevention of stroke, heart attack, hypertension.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy

NSAIDs have teratogenic properties, can provoke a miscarriage, cause the development of severe pathologies in a newborn, so it is dangerous to take these drugs during pregnancy.

NSAIDs pass into breast milk in small amounts, but there is no reliable data on how safe such doses are for children, so doctors recommend refraining from taking these drugs during lactation, or taking drugs with a short half-life after feeding.

What analgesics can be taken by lactating and pregnant women? Paracetamol, drugs based on ibuprofen can be drunk in the I, II trimester.

NSAIDs can prevent or delay the onset of ovulation, negatively affect human reproductive functions, but how great this risk is has not yet been clinically identified.

NSAIDs for children

Due to the large number of negative reactions, the destructive effect on the gastric mucosa, the ability to thin the blood, most NSAIDs are prohibited for the treatment of children.

Medicines based on nimesulide, ibuprofen and paracetamol, in the form of suppositories and suspensions, are considered safe for children. The main indications are fever, colds, headache, teething.

List of safe NSAIDs for children:

  1. Ibuprofen, Nurofen, Ibuklin, Ibufen - drugs help lower the temperature, are effective painkillers, adverse reactions are rare, in pediatrics they are used for children older than 3 months.
  2. Paracetamol, Panadol, Efferalgan - can be given to children older than 2 months, but these medicines are not recommended to be given to a child in the presence of liver pathologies.
  3. Nimesulide, Nise, Nimesil - representatives of the latest generation of NSAIDs, have a long analgesic effect, are used to treat children over 12 years old.

Nimesulide can be given to children over 12 years of age

The most dangerous for children are derivatives of acetylsalicylic acid - Aspirin, Citramon, they should not be taken by patients under 16 years of age. These drugs can provoke the development of Reye's syndrome, the disease is accompanied by encephalopathy and depression of liver function.

How to protect the stomach when taking nonsteroidal drugs?

NSAIDs negatively affect the integrity of the gastric mucosa, which often causes the development of ulcers, erosions, gastritis, and internal bleeding. To avoid the occurrence of such dangerous complications, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules.

How to reduce the negative impact of NSAIDs:

  1. It is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol while taking nonsteroidal drugs, otherwise the risk of erosions and ulcers increases significantly.
  2. Tablets should not be taken on an empty stomach, you need to drink the medicine during meals, drink plenty of purified water or milk.
  3. Be sure to study the interaction of other medicines with NSAIDs in the instructions.
  4. During treatment, you must not only strictly observe the dosage, but also follow the regimen, try to take the medicine at the same time.
  5. To protect the stomach from the negative effects of NSAIDs, it is necessary to take proton pump inhibitors in parallel with them - Omeprazole, Pantoprazole.

Omeprazole helps to cope with the negative effects of NSAIDs

If you have to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for a long time, you need to do a gastroscopy, get tested for the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria - this will help to avoid the development of severe stomach problems.

NSAIDs are the most popular group of medicines in the world, but they must be taken wisely, clearly follow the instructions. If the dosages are not observed, internal bleeding, ulcers may occur, with extreme caution, drugs are prescribed to pregnant lactating women, children, and the elderly.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, NSAIDs) are a new generation of medicines that have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic (analgesic) effects. Their mechanism of action is based on the blocking of certain enzymes (cyclooxygenase, COX), which are responsible for the formation of prostaglandins - chemicals that contribute to pain, fever, inflammation.

  • How NSAIDs work
    • When are NSAIDs used?
    • The main advantage of NSAIDs of a new generation
    • What are new generation NSAIDs?
    • Classification of NSAIDs
    • Choice of dosage
    • Side effects
    • Use in pregnancy
    • Movalis
    • Celecoxib
    • Indomethacin
    • Ibuprofen
    • Diclofenac
    • Chondroprotectors - alternative drugs

The word "non-steroidal", which is in the name of these drugs, indicates the fact that the drugs in this group are not artificial analogues of steroid hormones - the most powerful anti-inflammatory hormonal agents. The most popular representatives of NSAIDs are diclofenac, ibuprofen.

How NSAIDs work

If analgesics are designed to fight pain, then NSAIDs reduce two unpleasant symptoms of the disease: inflammation and pain. Many drugs in this group are considered non-selective inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase enzyme, which inhibit the effects of both of its isoforms (species) - COX-1 and COX-2.

Cyclooxygenase is responsible for the formation of thromboxane and prostaglandins from arachidonic acid, which, in turn, is obtained from cell membrane phospholipids using the enzyme phospholipase A2. Among other functions, prostaglandins are regulators and mediators in the formation of inflammation.

When are NSAIDs used?

Most often, NSAIDs are used to treat chronic or acute inflammation that is accompanied by pain. Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs have gained great popularity due to the effective treatment of joints.

We list the diseases for which these medicines are prescribed:

NSAIDs should not be used during erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, especially at the stage of exacerbation, cytopenias, severe disorders of the kidneys and liver, pregnancy, individual intolerance. Must be administered with caution to patients with asthma, as well as to people who have previously had adverse reactions while taking any other NSAIDs.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a list of NSAIDs for the treatment of joints

Consider the most effective and well-known NSAIDs that are used to treat joints and other diseases when an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect is required:

Some medical drugs are weaker, not so aggressive, some are designed for acute arthrosis, if emergency intervention is necessary in order to stop dangerous processes in the body.

The main advantage of NSAIDs of a new generation

Side effects are noted during prolonged use of NSAIDs (for example, during the treatment of osteochondrosis) and consist in damage to the intestinal and stomach mucosa with the formation of bleeding and ulcers. This disadvantage of non-selective NSAIDs was the reason for the creation of new generation drugs that block only COX-2 (an inflammatory enzyme) and do not affect the function of COX-1 (protection enzyme).

That is, new generation drugs have almost no side ulcerogenic effects (damage to the mucous membrane of the digestive system) associated with prolonged use of non-selective NSAIDs, but increase the chance of thrombotic complications.

Of the minuses of new generation drugs, only their high cost can be distinguished, which makes them inaccessible to most people.

What are new generation NSAIDs?

Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs of the new generation act much more selectively, they inhibit COX-2 to a greater extent, while COX-1 remains almost unaffected. This can explain the rather high efficiency of the drug in combination with a minimum of side effects.

List of effective and popular anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs of the new generation:

  • Ksefokam. A drug that is based on Lornoxicam. Its characteristic feature is the fact that the drug has an increased ability to relieve pain. According to this indicator, it is similar to morphine, but at the same time it does not create addiction and does not have an opiate-like effect on the central nervous system.
  • Movalis. It has antipyretic, well-pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. The main advantage of this drug is that with the constant supervision of a doctor, it can be used for quite a long time. Meloxicam is made in the form of a solution for intramuscular injections, in ointments, suppositories and tablets. The tablets of the drug are quite convenient in that they have a lasting effect, and it is enough to use one tablet throughout the day.
  • Nimesulide. It has been successfully used to treat arthritis, vertebrogenic back pain, etc. Normalizes temperature, relieves hyperemia and inflammation. Taking the drug quickly leads to improved mobility and reduced pain. It is also used in the form of an ointment for application to the problem area.
  • Celecoxib. This drug significantly alleviates the patient's condition with arthrosis, osteochondrosis and other diseases, effectively fights inflammation and perfectly relieves pain. Side effects on the digestive system from the drug is minimal or completely absent.

In cases where long-term use of anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs is not needed, then older generation drugs are used. However, sometimes this is simply a necessary measure, since not all people can afford the course of treatment with these drugs.

Classification of NSAIDs

By chemical origin, these drugs come with non-acid and acid derivatives.

Acid preparations:

Non-acid drugs:

  • Sulfonamide derivatives;
  • Alcanones.

At the same time, nonsteroidal drugs differ in intensity and type of action - anti-inflammatory, analgesic, combined.

According to the strength of the anti-inflammatory effect of medium doses, the drugs are arranged in the following sequence (the strongest from above):

  • Flurbiprofen;
  • Indomethacin;
  • Piroxicam;
  • diclofenac sodium;
  • Naproxen;
  • Aspirin;
  • Amidopyrine;
  • Ibuprofen.

According to the analgesic effect, the drugs are arranged in the following order:

Most often, the NSAIDs listed above are used for chronic and acute diseases that are accompanied by inflammation and pain. As a rule, anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs are used to treat joints and relieve pain: injuries, arthrosis, arthritis, etc.

Often, NSAIDs are used for pain relief for migraines and headaches, renal colic, postoperative pain, dysmenorrhea, etc. Due to the inhibitory effect on the synthesis of prostaglandins, these drugs also have an antipyretic effect.

Choice of dosage

Any new drug for the patient should be prescribed at the beginning in the minimum dose. With normal tolerance after a few days, the daily dose is increased.

Therapeutic dosages of NSAIDs are in a wide range, while recently there has been a tendency to increase single and daily doses of drugs with excellent tolerance (ibuprofen, naproxen), while maintaining restrictions on the maximum dosage of indomethacin, aspirin, piroxicam, phenylbutazone. In some patients, the therapeutic effect is achieved only when using high doses of NSAIDs.

Side effects

Long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs in high dosages can cause:

Treatment of NSAIDs must be carried out for the minimum possible time and minimum doses.

Use in pregnancy

It is undesirable to use drugs of the NSAID group during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. Although there are no direct teratogenic effects, it is believed that NSAIDs can cause renal complications in the fetus and premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. There is also information about premature birth. Despite this, aspirin in combination with heparin has been successfully used in women with antiphospholipid syndrome.

Description of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Movalis

It is the leader among non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which has a long time of action and is approved for long-term use.

It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect, which makes it possible to use it in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis. Protects cartilaginous tissue, is not devoid of antipyretic and analgesic properties. Used for headache and toothache.

Determination of doses, administration options (suppositories, injections, tablets) depends on the type and severity of the disease.

Celecoxib

COX-2 inhibitor, which has a pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. When used in therapeutic doses, it almost does not have a negative effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa, since it has a rather low degree of affinity for COX-1, and therefore does not cause a violation of the synthesis of constitutional prostaglandins.

Indomethacin

It is one of the most effective non-hormonal drugs. In arthritis, it reduces swelling of the joints, relieves pain and has a strong anti-inflammatory effect. When using a medical product, you need to be careful, because it has a large list of side effects. In pharmacology, the drug is manufactured under the names Indovis EU, Indovazin, Indocollir, Indotard, Metindol.

Ibuprofen

It combines the ability to effectively reduce pain and temperature, relative safety, because medicines based on it can be bought without a prescription. Ibuprofen as an antipyretic drug is used, including for newborns.

As an anti-inflammatory drug, it is not used so often, but the drug is very popular in rheumatology: it is used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases.

The most popular names include Nurofen, Ibuprom, MIG 400 and 200.

Diclofenac

Form of production - capsules, tablets, gel, suppositories, injection solution. In this preparation for the treatment of joints, both a high anti-inflammatory effect and high analgesic activity are perfectly combined.

It is manufactured under the names Naklofen, Voltaren, Diklak, Ortofen, Vurdon, Diklonak P, Dolex, Olfen, Klodifen, Dicloberl, etc.

Chondroprotectors - alternative drugs

Very often, chondroprotectors are used to treat joints. People often do not understand the difference between chondroprotectors and NSAIDs. The latter quickly remove pain, but at the same time have many side effects. And chondroprotectors protect cartilage tissue, but they must be used in courses. The composition of the most effective chondroprotectors are two substances - chondroitin and glucosamine.

Anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs are excellent helpers during the treatment of many diseases. But we must not forget that they only remove the negatively affecting symptoms on well-being, the treatment of diseases directly is carried out by other methods and drugs.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ointments (NSAIDs): a list of drugs (creams, gels)

As a rule, anti-inflammatory ointments are used externally. But today you can buy products that have a creamy texture, which are taken orally, intervaginally and rectally.

The cream, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, is used to treat joints, allergies and infections. But often such drugs are referred to as adjunctive therapy methods.

In addition, almost all anti-inflammatory ointments have an analgesic and regenerating effect. Therefore, they are used to treat:

  • diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
  • bruises;
  • injuries;
  • local inflammation;
  • pathologies of the muscles and back.

The principle of action of the treatment of diseases of the joints and other diseases is to inhibit the production of inflammatory substances by cells - mediators (kinin, prostaglandins, lysosomal enzymes histamine).

Also, anti-inflammatory ointments are intended for cutaneous use. However, there are drugs that need to be injected directly into the vagina or applied to the mucous membrane.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ointments are often used in various fields of medicine. Today there are many ointments that are used:

  1. for the treatment of joints;
  2. in orthopedics;
  3. gynecology;
  4. infectology;
  5. dermatology;
  6. venereology.

The advantage of this form of release is that the gel or ointment does not spread along with the blood throughout the body, that is, their effect is local.

Anti-inflammatory drugs for diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Today, there are a lot of pathologies in which damage and destruction of bones and joints occurs. The main component of the treatment of rheumatoid diseases are NSAIDs.

The pain syndrome in the case of the development of osteochondrosis, gouty arthritis or arthrosis is so strong that the patient immediately seeks medical help.

The first drugs that a doctor prescribes are NSAIDs. To achieve a more maximum effect, anti-inflammatory creams and anti-inflammatory ointments for joints are also prescribed, which are applied topically.

There are several groups of drugs, each of them is based on a specific component:

  • indomethacin;
  • diclofenac;
  • nimesulide;
  • ibuprofen;
  • piroxicam;
  • ketoprofen.

Anti-inflammatory drugs, the main active ingredient of which is diclofenac, are very effective after suffering injuries, with neurological and degenerative changes in the joints.

Diclofenac contributes to the rapid restoration of joint mobility, it reduces swelling, local temperature in the affected area and has an analgesic effect. The trade name for NSAIDs based on diclofenac is Ortofen ointment, Diclofenac gel, Diclofenac gel, Diclovit and Voltaren.

Note! Gel or ointment based on diclofenac should not be used to treat children under 6 years of age and pregnant women.

It is also forbidden to apply it to damaged areas of the skin, and for people suffering from stomach and duodenal ulcers, such drugs can be used only after the approval of a doctor.

Ibuprofen

Drugs that remove inflammation, which include ibuprofen (Nurofen, Dolgit), are indicated for the same symptoms as when using diclofenac-based products. That is, their main effect is pain relief and elimination of inflammation.

However, such funds cannot be used if:

  • "aspirin" asthma;
  • diseases of the kidneys and liver;
  • children under 2 years of age;
  • diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • pregnancy;
  • during lactation.

A cream that eliminates inflammation with ketoprofen is used for various injuries and degenerative changes in the joints. Ketoprofen also prevents the formation of blood clots.

Means based on it should not be applied to damaged skin. Also, NSAIDs with ketoprofen are contraindicated in children under 12 years of age and pregnant women.

The most common drugs, the main component of which is ketoprofen:

  1. Febrofid;
  2. Fastum-gel;
  3. artrosilene;
  4. Ketonal;
  5. Febrofid.

Indomycin

The means, which are based on indomethacin, include: Indovazin, Sopharma, Indomethacin-Akri and - Sofar. Their action is similar to ketoprofan, but it is not so pronounced, and the indications and contraindications are similar to similar NSAIDs.

Anti-inflammatory anesthetic cream Finalgel belongs to the group of piroxicam-containing medicines. The gel restores the health of the joints, relieves swelling and eliminates pain without overdrying the skin.

This tool is used for osteoarthritis, periarthrosis and tendonitis. Pregnant women and children are not allowed to use the gel.

Cream Indovazin, the main active ingredient of which is nimesulide. This is the only medication from the entire group of NSAIDs designed for the safe treatment of joints.

Gel Indovazin in comparison with other means is not so toxic, so it does not have a detrimental effect on the gastrointestinal tract. But despite this, like other drugs, Indovazin can only be used after a doctor's prescription, because it also has side effects, albeit less significant.

Contraindications to the use of the drug are as follows:

  • age up to 3 years;
  • joint and bone injuries;
  • osteochondrosis;
  • bursitis;
  • arthritis.

It should be noted that the process in which anti-inflammatory drugs are rubbed into the skin helps to accelerate and improve the effect of the drug. Topical topical preparations for the treatment of joint diseases, such as epicondylitis or arthritis, are more effective when combined with phonophoresis.

This method of treatment improves the absorption of the active ingredient. At the same time, the amount of the applied agent is reduced, which significantly saves its consumption, and most importantly, it is safer for the body.

Anti-inflammatory for colds are used if the disease has developed, and traditional remedies no longer help. What exactly are the drugs, read on.

"Nurofen"

"Nurofen" refers to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, antipyretic drugs.

The action of the drug is to block the formation of substances that support inflammatory reactions in the body. Able to influence the immune system, increase the level of protection of the body. It is one of the best anti-inflammatory drugs.

The drug has such an effect due to ibuprofen, which reduces vascular permeability, improves microcirculation, reduces the release of inflammatory mediators from cells, and suppresses the energy supply of inflammatory processes.

Nurofen is taken orally. It is recommended to use a short period and small doses. The duration of use is determined by the attending physician.

"Nurofen" should not be given to children who do not tolerate ibuprofen, as well as other excipients that are part of the drug. It is not recommended to prescribe to patients who have stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as to patients with problems with the heart, liver and kidneys.

"Aspirin"

"Aspirin" is a non-steroidal agent that is used as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic for colds when the temperature is elevated. Also to relieve pain in muscles and joints.

The active substance in Aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid. When this substance comes into contact with inflammation, they are neutralized.

"Aspirin" drink in tablets. For anti-inflammatory action, the dose of application is prescribed more. All dosages of the drug are prescribed by the attending physician. The tool can not be used for erosive and ulcerative exacerbations, bronchial asthma.

"Analgin"

"Analgin" is a drug that is widely used for the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases. Rapidly absorbed into the blood. It has a moderate anti-inflammatory effect.

The active substance in the product is metamizole sodium.

The agent is used orally in tablets, intravenously and intramuscularly in the form of a solution or rectally in the form of capsules. Doses for intravenous or intramuscular use are prescribed by the attending physician. For rectal use, there are separate suppositories for adults and children. The dosage of the medicine depends on the nature of the disease.

Contraindicated if the patient has hypersensitivity, aspirin asthma, impaired kidney and liver function, as well as hematopoiesis.

"Paracetamol"

"Paracetamol" is a drug that has an antiseptic and slight anti-inflammatory effect. Affects the centers of pain and thermoregulation.

The tool is available in tablets, capsules, soluble tablets, in the form of syrup and rectal suppositories. It is applied with plenty of water 1-2 hours after eating. Adults drink 4 times a day. The maximum daily dosage of the drug is 4 g. The duration of treatment is from 5 to 7 days. In patients with impaired liver and kidney function, the dose of the drug should be reduced.

Do not use in patients who are sensitive to paracetamol. It is forbidden to give to patients suffering from hepatic and renal insufficiency. It is contraindicated to use the suppository rectally if the patient has inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.

"Amixin"

"Amiksin" - a drug that has an antiviral effect, effectively destroys the bacteria and viruses that caused the common cold. Stimulates the growth of stem cells. Surpasses other means on safety and the received effect.

The drug is used after a meal. The duration of drug treatment depends on the nature and complexity of the disease.

The remedy is contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women, children under 7 years of age, patients who have hypersensitivity to the ingredients of the drug.

"Kagocel"

"Kagocel" is an antiviral drug that has an immunostimulating effect. Most often, the remedy is used to treat influenza. Stimulates the production of its own proteins in the body, which have a strong antiviral effect.

"Kagocel" is taken orally, swallowed with plenty of liquid. Tablets are recommended not to be chewed, not crushed.

Do not use in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug, hereditary intolerance to galactose. Patients with malabsorption of glucose-galactose. Contraindicated in women during pregnancy and lactation. Do not give to children under 6 years of age.

"Cycloferon"

"Cycloferon" is an antiviral, immunostimulating agent. Effective against acute respiratory diseases.

Active substances suppress pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

"Cycloferon" is taken 1 time per day half an hour before meals with water. The tablet is not chewed or crushed. For taking the drug, patients with hepatitis or HIV use other dosages and schedules. The number of tablets that are taken at a time is specified by the attending physician.

"Cycloferon" should not be taken by patients who have an allergic reaction to this drug. Also contraindicated in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and women during pregnancy and lactation.

"Amizon"

"Amizon" refers to non-steroidal, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory drugs. Has an immunomodulatory effect. "Amizon" normalizes metabolism in the focus of inflammation and weakens vascular reactions. Strengthens the body's immunity, which allows you to better fight colds. It is prescribed to fight the flu, other colds. It is also used in the treatment of infectious and diseases that patients have been suffering from for a long period.

The drug is used after meals, without chewing. Treatment lasts an average of 5 to 7 days. Dosages are determined by the attending physician.

Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to iodine, children under 6 years of age and women in the first trimester of pregnancy.

"Arbidol"

"Arbidol" is an antiviral drug that increases the body's resistance to viruses, strengthening the immune system. It is used to treat flu and colds in mild forms. Reduces the risk of complications of viral infections and exacerbation of chronic bacterial diseases. When applied, it reduces intoxication and the duration of the disease.

The drug is produced in tablets and capsules.

Must be taken orally before meals. The dosage varies depending on age, weight and disease.