Romanov history of the Russian dynasty summary. The death of the royal family

Historically, Russia is a monarchical state. First there were princes, then kings. The history of our state is old and diverse. Russia knew many monarchs with different characters, human and managerial qualities. However, it was the Romanov family that became the brightest representative of the Russian throne. The history of their reign has about three centuries. And the end of the Russian Empire is also inextricably linked with this surname.

Romanov family: history

The Romanovs, an old noble family, did not immediately have such a surname. For centuries, they were first called Kobylins, a little bit later Koshkins, then Zakharyin. And only after more than 6 generations they acquired the name of the Romanovs.

For the first time, this noble family was allowed to approach the Russian throne by the marriage of Tsar Ivan the Terrible with Anastasia Zakharyina.

There is no direct connection between the Rurikoviches and the Romanovs. It has been established that Ivan III is the great-great-grandson of one of the sons of Andrei Kobyla - Fedor on the maternal side. Whereas the Romanov family became a continuation of another grandson of Fedor - Zacharias.

However, this fact played a key role when, in 1613, at the Zemsky Sobor, the grandson of brother Anastasia Zakharyina, Mikhail, was elected to reign. So the throne passed from the Ruriks to the Romanovs. After that, the rulers of this kind succeeded each other for three centuries. During this time, our country changed the form of power and became the Russian Empire.

The first emperor was Peter I. And the last was Nicholas II, who abdicated as a result of the February Revolution of 1917 and was shot with his family in July of the following year.

Biography of Nicholas II

In order to understand the reasons for the deplorable end of the imperial reign, it is necessary to take a closer look at the biography of Nikolai Romanov and his family:

Nicholas II was born in 1868. From childhood he was brought up in the best traditions of the royal court. From a young age he became interested in military affairs. From the age of 5, he took part in military training, parades and processions. Even before taking the oath, he had various ranks, including being a Cossack chieftain. As a result, the rank of colonel became the highest military rank of Nicholas. Nicholas came to power at the age of 27. Nicholas was an educated, intelligent monarch;
Nikolai's fiancee, a German princess who adopted a Russian name, Alexandra Feodorovna, was 22 years old at the time of the marriage. The couple loved each other very much and reverently treated each other all their lives. However, the environment treated the empress negatively, suspecting that the autocrat was too dependent on his wife;
There were four daughters in the family of Nicholas - Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and the youngest son Alexei was born - a possible heir to the throne. Unlike strong and healthy sisters, Alexei was diagnosed with hemophilia. This meant that the boy could die from any scratch.

Why was the Romanov family shot?

Nikolai made several fatal mistakes, which as a result led to a tragic end:

The first ill-conceived oversight of Nikolai is considered a crush on the Khodynka field. In the first days of his reign, people went to Khodynskaya Square for gifts promised by the new emperor. As a result, pandemonium began, more than 1200 people died. Nicholas remained indifferent to this event until the end of all the events dedicated to his coronation, which lasted for several more days. The people did not forgive him for such behavior and called him Bloody;
During his reign, there were many strife and contradictions in the country. The emperor understood that it was necessary to urgently take measures in order to raise the patriotism of the Russians and unite them. Many believe that it was for this purpose that the Russo-Japanese War was unleashed, which as a result was lost, and Russia lost part of its territory;
After the end of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, on the square in front of the Winter Palace, without the knowledge of Nicholas, the military shot people who had gathered for a rally. This event was called in history - "Bloody Sunday";
The Russian state also entered the First World War carelessly. The conflict began in 1914 between Serbia and Austria-Hungary. The sovereign considered it necessary to stand up for the Balkan state, as a result of which, Germany stood up to defend Austria-Hungary. The war dragged on, which ceased to suit the military.

As a result, a provisional government was created in Petrograd. Nicholas knew about the mood of the people, but could not take any decisive action and signed a paper about his abdication.

The Provisional Government placed the family under arrest, first in Tsarskoe Selo, and then they were exiled to Tobolsk. After the Bolsheviks came to power in October 1917, the whole family was moved to Yekaterinburg and, by decision of the Bolshevik Council executed to prevent a return to royal power.

The remains of the royal family in our time

After the execution, all the remains were collected and transported to the mines of Ganina Yama. It was not possible to burn the bodies, so they were thrown into the mine shafts. The next day, the villagers found the bodies floating at the bottom of the flooded mines and it became clear that a reburial was necessary.

The remains were again loaded into the car. However, having driven off a little, she fell into the mud in the area of the Porosenkov Log. There they buried the dead, dividing the ashes into two parts.

The first part of the bodies was discovered in 1978. However, due to the long obtaining of permission for excavations, it was possible to get to them only in 1991. Two bodies, presumably Maria and Alexei, were found in 2007 a little further from the road.

Over the years, many modern, high-tech examinations have been carried out by different groups of scientists to determine the involvement of the remains in the royal family. As a result, genetic similarity was proven, but some historians and the Russian Orthodox Church still do not agree with these results.

Now the relics are reburied in the Peter and Paul Cathedral.

Living members of the genus

The Bolsheviks sought to exterminate as many representatives of the royal family as possible so that no one would even have the thought of returning to their former power. However, many managed to escape abroad.

In the male line, living descendants descend from the sons of Nicholas I - Alexander and Mikhail. There are also descendants in the female line, which originate from Ekaterina Ioannovna. Most of them do not live on the territory of our state. However, representatives of the genus have created and are developing public and charitable organizations that carry out their activities, including in Russia.

Thus, the Romanov family is a symbol of the bygone empire for our country. Many are still arguing about whether it is possible to revive imperial power in the country and whether it is worth it. Obviously, this page of our history has been turned over, and its representatives are buried with appropriate honors.

Video: the execution of the Romanov family

This video recreates the moment of the capture of the Romanov family and their further execution:

The Romanovs are a Russian boyar family that began its existence in the 16th century and gave rise to a great dynasty of Russian tsars and emperors who ruled until 1917.

For the first time, the surname "Romanov" was used by Fedor Nikitich (Patriarch Filaret), who named himself so in honor of his grandfather Roman Yuryevich and father Nikita Romanovich Zakhariev, he is considered the first Romanov

The first royal representative of the dynasty was Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, the last was Nikolai 2 Aleksandrovich Romanov.

In 1856, the emblem of the Romanov family was approved, it depicts a vulture holding a golden sword and a tarch, and eight cut off lion heads along the edges.

"House of the Romanovs" - the designation of the totality of all the descendants of different branches of the Romanovs.

Since 1761, the descendants of the Romanovs in the female line reigned in Russia, and with the death of Nicholas 2 and his family, there were no direct heirs left who could claim the throne. However, despite this, today dozens of descendants of the royal family, of varying degrees of kinship, live all over the world, and all of them officially belong to the Romanov family. The family tree of modern Romanovs is very extensive and has many branches.

Prehistory of the Romanovs

There is no consensus among scientists where the Romanov family came from. To date, two versions are widespread: according to one, the ancestors of the Romanovs arrived in Russia from Prussia, and according to the other, from Novgorod.

In the 16th century, the Romanov family became close to the tsar and could claim the throne. This happened due to the fact that Ivan the Terrible married Anastasia Romanovna Zakharyina, and her whole family has now become related to the sovereign. After the suppression of the Rurik family, the Romanovs (former Zakharyevs) became the main contenders for the state throne.

In 1613, one of the representatives of the Romanovs, Mikhail Fedorovich, was elected to the kingdom, which was the beginning of the long reign of the Romanov dynasty in Russia.

Tsars of the Romanov dynasty

Fedor Alekseevich;
Ivan 5;

In 1721, Russia became an Empire, and all its rulers became emperors.

Emperors of the Romanov dynasty

The end of the Romanov dynasty and the last Romanov

Despite the fact that there were empresses in Russia, Paul 1 adopted a decree according to which the Russian throne could only be transferred to a boy - a direct descendant of the family. From that moment until the very end of the dynasty, Russia was ruled exclusively by men.

The last emperor was Nicholas 2. During his reign, the political situation in Russia became very tense. The Japanese war, as well as the First World War, greatly undermined the faith of the people in the sovereign. As a result, in 1905, after the revolution, Nicholas signed a manifesto that gave the people extensive civil rights, but this did not help much either. In 1917, a new revolution broke out, as a result of which the tsar was overthrown. On the night of July 16-17, 1917, the entire royal family, including Nikolai's five children, was shot. Other relatives of Nicholas, who were in the royal residence in Tsarskoye Selo and other places, were also caught and killed. Only those who were abroad survived.

The Russian throne was left without a direct heir, and the state system in the country changed - the monarchy was overthrown, the Empire was destroyed.

The results of the reign of the Romanovs

During the reign of the Romanov dynasty, Russia reached its present peak. Russia finally ceased to be a disparate state, civil strife ended, and the country gradually began to gain military and economic power, which allowed it to defend its own independence and resist the invaders.

Despite the difficulties that periodically occurred in the history of Russia, by the 19th century the country had turned into a huge powerful Empire, which owned vast territories. In 1861, serfdom was completely abolished, the country switched to a new type of economy and economy.

Russia and its autocrats Anishkin Valery Georgievich

Appendix 3. Family tree of the Romanov family

From the book Medieval France author Polo de Beaulieu Marie-Anne

Family tree of the Capetian and Valois dynasties (987-1350) The Valois genealogy (1328-1589) is presented in part. The Valois branch ruled France from 1328 to 1589. The direct descendants of the Valois were in power from 1328 to 1498, from 1498 to 1515. the throne was occupied by the Orleans Valois, and from 1515 to 1589

From the book of Torquemada author Nechaev Sergey Yurievich

Family tree of Thomas de Torquemada

by Orbini Mavro

GENEALOGICAL TREE OF THE GENUS NEMANICHEA