Seborrheic keratosis of the skin: treatment, prognosis, symptoms and possible causes. What is seborrheic keratosis of the skin: symptoms and how to treat the disease Seborrheic keratosis multiplex

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The term "keratoma" is formed from two parts: the first - "keratos", which is the Greek name for the cells of the superficial stratum corneum of the skin (keratinizing epithelium), and the second - the suffix "-oma", denoting a tumor. That is, the direct translation of the word "keratoma" is a tumor from the cells of the keratinizing epithelium of the skin. It can be said that the term "keratoma" is equivalent in meaning to the concepts "myoma", "lipoma" and other similar common names for large groups of benign tumors originating from the same cell type and including several specific types of neoplasms.

Keratoma - a brief description and localization

When the scales exfoliate, new epithelial cells rise in their place from the deeper layers, which themselves after a while begin to die and turn into scales. Thus, there is a process of constant renewal of skin epithelial cells - the superficial ones die and exfoliate, and their place is taken by others that were previously in the underlying layer. On the basement membrane of the epithelium, in turn, new epithelial cells are constantly formed, which gradually move towards the surface, in order to eventually become scales and exfoliate.

Normally, the rate of the processes of formation of new cells on the basement membrane and exfoliation of horny scales is balanced. That is, only such a number of cells are formed again that are necessary to replace those that have turned into horny scales. If the processes of exfoliation of scales and the formation of new epithelial cells are not balanced, then this leads to the development of various skin diseases. This is how keratomas are formed - benign tumors from keratinocytes.

Keratoma is formed from unchanged cells of the epithelium of the skin, prone to excessive keratinization. That is, the tumor consists of a large number of ordinary keratinocytes - exactly the same cells that form the normal layers of the epithelium. Since keratomas form from normal cells, they are benign tumors.

However, keratomas are prone to degeneration into crayfish. According to statistics, keratoma malignancy occurs in 8-20% of cases, depending on the type of tumor, the general condition of the human body, as well as the presence of negative factors that contribute to the formation of cancer cells. It is because of the relatively high probability of keratoma degeneration into malignant tumors that these neoplasms are referred to as precancer. However, you should not be afraid of this, because in most cases keratomas do not become malignant.

Since keratomas are formed from cells of the skin epithelium, these tumors are localized only in different areas of the skin. Keratomas can form on the face, neck, trunk, arms, and upper legs. Moreover, the most rare localization of these neoplasms are the lower extremities, and most often the keratoma appears on areas of the skin exposed to sunlight, such as, for example, the face, neck, arms, chest, etc. One or more keratomas may appear at the same time.

Any keratoma at the initial stage looks like a spot slightly protruding above the skin, painted in gray or coffee colors. The surface of a keratoma is usually flaky, which is due to the formation and exfoliation of a large number of horny scales. As it develops, the area of ​​the keratoma increases, and the spot begins to protrude more strongly above the surface of the skin. On sufficiently large keratomas, a dense crust of horny scales forms, which can be torn off accidentally or intentionally. When a keratoma is traumatized, it can bleed and hurt, giving a person discomfort. Otherwise, these tumors, as a rule, are only a cosmetic problem, without disturbing the person.

skin keratoma

Accordingly, the term "skin keratoma" is incorrect, since it contains an excessive specification, which fully reflects the situation described by the well-known saying "butter oil". After all, any keratoma can only be on the skin.

Keratoma on the face

Multiple keratomas

As a rule, several keratomas appear on the skin of various parts of the body within a relatively short period of time (several months), and this phenomenon is considered normal. If in a few years a person has formed a large number of keratomas, then this is also a variant of the age norm. In such cases, the tumors are not recommended to be removed, you should just regularly (1 - 2 times every six months) undergo a preventive examination by a dermatologist, who can control the growth and condition of the keratoma.

If, within a short period of time (1 - 3 months), a person has multiple keratomas on any one or several parts of the body, then this is considered a dangerous condition, since it can be a sign of cancer in the internal organs. Otherwise, multiple keratomas are no different from single ones, since they are characterized by the same clinical course, approaches to therapy, and possible causative factors.

Photo keratomas

Senile (seborrheic, age-related) keratoma - photo

Follicular keratoma - photo

Solar (actinic) keratoma - photo

Skin horn - photo

Types of keratomas

• Senile keratoma, which is also called age-related, senile or seborrheic;
• Solar keratoma, which is also called actinic;
• Follicular keratoma;
• Cutaneous horn, also called keratoma horn.

Senile keratoma (seborrheic, age-related, senile keratoma)

In people under 40 - 50 years old, seborrheic keratoma is most often solitary and, as a rule, is localized in open areas of the body, such as the face, arms, neck, chest, etc. In the older age group (in people 50 years and older), this the type of keratoma is almost always multiple, and they are localized in closed areas of the body, such as the back, abdomen, legs, etc.

Seborrheic keratoma at the initial stage is a spot that rises slightly above the skin, painted in brown, gray, dark brown or black. The shape of the spot can be oval or round, and the size - from medium lentils to large beans. As the spot grows, it may slightly increase in size and rise significantly above the surface of the skin. When the keratoma finally grows, it strongly protrudes above the skin, and looks like something alien, as if glued.

Numerous scales are visible on the surface of the formation, which in some cases can form a continuous crust. The scales are loose, greasy to the touch and easily removed from the surface of the keratoma, since they are not strongly soldered to its tissues. Under the removed scales, protrusions of various sizes are visible, similar to the papillae of the tongue. Usually these protrusions are well demarcated from the rest of the keratoma tissue, they look like peculiar inclusions, painted in a slightly different shade, but the same color as the rest of the formation, as a result of which it is not difficult to identify them.

Senile keratomas grow slowly throughout a person's life and never disappear on their own. As the formation grows, they can change shape, color and degree of elevation above the surface of the skin. When localized in close proximity to physiological openings (eyes, vagina, entrance to the urethra in men, etc.), keratomas are often traumatized, as a result of which in 20% or more cases they become malignant and give rise to basalioma or squamous cell skin cancer.

The risk of malignant degeneration of senile keratomas ranges from 8 to 35%, which is determined by the presence of additional factors that promote tumor growth. Thus, the risk of malignancy with keratomas increases with their regular injury, improper treatment, as well as exposure to ultraviolet and radioactive radiation, etc.

Depending on the histological structure, senile keratomas are divided into the following forms:
1. Spotted form;
2. nodular form;
3. plaque form;
4. Keratoma similar to Bowen's disease;
5. Transitional form between keratoma and cutaneous horn.

These forms of keratomas represent five successive stages of tumor development, which are listed in the order of their transformation into each other. That is, the spotted form is the earliest stage in the development of keratoma, and the transitional form to the cutaneous horn, respectively, is the last.

Spotted keratoma is a spot of round or oval shape ranging in size from 3 to 7 mm with fuzzy edges. When localized on the body, the spot is colored brown-brown, and on the face it is light brown or pinkish-yellow. To the touch, the spots may be smooth or rough. In the area of ​​a keratoma, the skin is thin, prone to atrophy, as a result of which it is easy to collect it in folds and wrinkles.

nodular keratoma has dimensions up to 10 mm, clearly defined edges and is painted in dark gray or dirty yellow. The formation is elevated above the surface and covered with horny scales. If the scales are removed, then under them there will be a reddish surface of the keratoma.

Plaque keratoma is an irregularly shaped disk 5–10 mm in diameter with clear edges, painted gray. The color of the plaque is due to a dense layer of horny scales that can be scraped off the surface of the keratoma. If the scales are removed, then a bleeding surface will be visible under them.

Bowen's precancer-like keratoma , represents several plaques merged into one with a total diameter of 10–15 mm. The edges of the common plaque are uneven, serrated, but clearly defined. The edges of the keratoma are copper or pinkish in color, and the center in various shades of brown or gray. The number of scales on the surface of the keratoma is insignificant. As the formation progresses and grows, its central part atrophies and sinks. Such a keratoma is only outwardly similar to Bowen's precancer, but its distinguishing feature is the almost zero possibility of degeneration into cancer.

Transitional form from keratoma to cutaneous horn is an ordinary plaque, at one end of which a keratinized elevation is formed, resembling a horn. This elevation is dense to the touch, consists of an accumulation of horny scales and is colored brown. The size of such a horny growth on the surface of the skin is usually small - from 10 to 15 mm, and over time it becomes malignant, turning into spinocellular skin cancer.

Solar (actinic) keratoma

Usually this form of the disease is manifested by the simultaneous formation of multiple keratomas on the surface of the skin in areas most strongly exposed to sunlight, for example, the face, lips, ears, neck, forearms, hands and lower legs. Keratomas are located on thin, atrophied skin.

At the initial stage, solar keratomas are small, painful spots or rounded vesicles, the size of which ranges from a pinhead to several centimeters. Such keratomas are painted in the color of normal skin or in various shades of red and gray-black. If the formation has the same color as the surrounding skin, then it is difficult to identify them during examination, but it is easy to do this during palpation. When touching the surface of the solar keratoma, the fingers feel a rough and very dense formation, slightly protruding above the skin. In addition, solar keratomas are well manifested when applied to them with creams containing 5-fluorouracil.

Solar keratomas are divided into the following forms depending on their clinical manifestations:

• Erythematous form;
• Keratotic (papular) form;
• Warty (papillomatous) form;
• Horny form;
• pigment form;
• proliferative form.

Keratotic form It is formed due to the thickening of the layer of horny scales covering the surface of the erythematous keratoma. At the same time, the redness goes away, and the surface of the focus is covered with horny scales, giving it a yellowish dirty brown or gray-black color. If the scales are scraped off, then under them there will be red, thin, cracked skin.

warty form solar keratosis is characterized by cauliflower-like growths on the surface of the keratoma, which are covered with scales, giving it a dirty gray color with a yellowish tinge.

Horn form solar keratoma is characterized by the formation of a dense outgrowth on the skin, similar to a horn. This horn is formed by a large number of densely compressed scales. Most often, the cutaneous horn is formed from a keratotic form of solar keratosis and is mainly localized on the skin of the forehead or auricles.

pigment form solar keratosis is brown spots covered with horny scales, giving their surface a strong roughness. As a rule, keratomas are located on the back or back of the hands.

proliferative form solar keratoma is an oval plaque that rises above the surface of the skin, painted red and covered with exfoliating scales. The edges of the plaque are blurred, and the size can reach 3-4 cm in diameter. Solar keratomas of this form are most often localized on the skin of the lips, but can also affect the conjunctiva of the eye.

Follicular keratoma (keratosis)

Follicular keratoma looks like a dense nodule of the correct rounded shape, protruding above the surface of the skin and painted in gray or pinkish color. As it grows, it can increase in size up to 20 mm. Follicular keratomas are usually localized above the upper lip, on the scalp, or on the forehead near the hairline.

Cutaneous horn (horny keratoma)

Currently, it is believed that the cutaneous horn is not an independent and separate form of benign tumors of the epidermis, but is a special variant of the course of solar or senile keratoma. That is, the cutaneous horn may have a different origin and course, but the same clinical manifestations. Actually, it was the same type of clinical manifestations that made it possible to combine all possible variants of the origin of the skin horn into one type of keratoma.

Most often, the cutaneous horn develops against the background of an already existing senile keratoma and somewhat less often with a solar keratoma. In order for a skin horn to form from a solar or senile keratoma, it is necessary to constantly influence the formation of additional factors that will form a predisposition. These factors include microtrauma, sunburn, chronic infectious diseases, etc. This means that if an existing solar or senile keratoma is constantly injured, exposed to sunlight or infected, then with a high degree of probability a skin horn will form from it.

The skin horn looks like an elongated protruding formation on the skin of a conical or cylindrical shape. It constantly grows in length, and therefore can reach significant sizes - in isolated cases up to 30 cm. In rare cases, the horn does not grow in length, but in width, and in this case it looks like a large wide formation attached to the surface of the skin with a thin leg .

The surface of the formation can be smooth or rough, dotted with numerous irregularities and furrows, and the color is dark with a predominance of tan or brown. To the touch, the skin horn has a dense texture. There may be local inflammation at the base of the horn on the skin, which looks like a narrow red corolla surrounding the formation.

The cutaneous horn is somewhat more often formed in women and is usually single. Two or more cutaneous horns on the skin of one person is extremely rare. Usually the formation is localized on the face, auricles and scalp. Since malignancy of the skin horn occurs quite often, it is classified as a precancerous disease.

Cause of keratomas

Scientists were able to find out that the decisive factor in the formation of keratomas is not at all a single dose of solar cure received by a person during one or several days of exposure to direct sunlight. On the contrary, the decisive role is played by the total dose of solar radiation received by a person throughout his life. That is, if a person was daily under the open rays of the sun for one hour for 20 years, then he has a higher risk of keratosis than someone who, for the same 20 years, was located on the beach only 2 weeks a year, exposing the skin sun.

Since it is the total dose of solar radiation received by a person throughout his life that is important for the formation of keratomas, it is recommended to avoid intensive sunbathing for more than 15-45 minutes a day and work in open areas under the scorching sun without tight clothes covering the maximum of the skin. This means that for the prevention of keratomas and skin cancer, it is recommended to work in the open sun (for example, in the field, lifeguards on the beach, etc.) to dress, covering both arms, and neck, and shoulders, and legs, and forehead.

Are keratomas dangerous?

Based on the fact that the keratoma itself is a safe formation, and becomes dangerous only with malignant degeneration, it is very important to monitor the state of the tumor and fix possible signs of its transformation into cancer. Currently, the following changes in it are signs of malignant keratomas:

• Keratoma began to grow rapidly;
• The keratoma began to bleed without injury;
• Keratoma began to itch.

In addition, the danger of keratoma lies in the fact that outwardly some forms are similar to skin cancer, as a result of which even experienced doctors cannot always distinguish one formation from another. In such situations, it is recommended to remove a suspicious tumor as soon as possible and send it for histological examination. If, according to the results of histology, it is revealed that the formation was indeed a cancerous tumor, then a course of chemotherapy should be completed for a complete recovery.

Finally, the indirect danger of keratomas lies in the fact that with the simultaneous appearance of a large number of such tumors on the skin, there is a high probability of developing cancer in any internal organ. In such a situation, it is necessary to consult a doctor and undergo a detailed examination, which will detect a growing cancerous tumor and remove it at an early stage.

Keratoma treatment

General principles for the treatment of keratosis (senile, seborrheic, follicular, cutaneous horn)

In the presence of keratomas, doctors recommend not to remove all existing tumors, but to visit a dermatologist 1-2 times every six months, so that he can monitor the dynamics and condition of the formations, and in case of suspicion of their malignant degeneration, quickly remove them. Thus, it is recommended to remove only keratomas that are suspicious for their malignant transformation into skin cancer.

In addition, at the request of patients, doctors remove keratomas, which create a visible cosmetic defect that disrupts the normal life of a person and causes discomfort. That is, if the keratoma does not show signs of malignancy and from the position of the doctor it can be left, but at the same time the person does not like its presence in principle, then it is quite possible to remove the formation at the request of the patient.

Keratoma removal methods

• Removal of keratoma by laser;
• Cryodestruction (removal of a kerat with liquid nitrogen);
• Electrocoagulation (removal of keratoma by electric current);
• Radio wave removal of keratomas;
• Surgical removal of keratomas;
• Destruction with acids (removal of keratosis with acids) or cytostatics.

So, if a malignant degeneration of a keratoma is suspected, then it should be removed only by surgical, radio wave or laser methods. Other methods for removing malignant tumors cannot be used, since they are not sufficiently effective and radical. As a result, as a result of their use, it is impossible to completely remove all tumor cells, which will provoke an explosive growth of cancer a few weeks after the operation.

All three of these methods for removing suspected malignant keratomas are equally effective, but laser and radio wave are less traumatic compared to surgery. This means that after removal of a keratoma by a laser or radio wave method, a rough and noticeable scar does not form, and tissue healing after surgery will occur very quickly. Therefore, if possible, it is recommended to prefer the laser or radio wave method of removing a keratoma to a surgical one.

The methods of cryodestruction, electrocoagulation and destruction with acids can be used to remove keratomas, which are definitely not at the stage of malignant degeneration, but disturb a person only as cosmetic defects or interfere with their usual lifestyle (for example, they are injured during movements, etc.).

Methods for removing keratomas with acids and cytostatics can be classified as conservative, since their use destroys the neoplasm due to the death of its cells, and not “cutting out” it with a scalpel, laser beam or radio wave radiation. Treatment of keratitis with acids or ointments with cytostatics is carried out in order to remove small but numerous neoplasms. As a rule, with the help of acids and cytostatics, only solar keratomas are removed, since they are small in size and have a small depth of skin tissue damage.

Removal of keratoma by laser

Removal of neoplasm with liquid nitrogen

Unfortunately, when using liquid nitrogen, it is impossible to control the depth of tissue damage, as a result of which a common complication of cryodestruction of a keratoma is an overly large wound that heals with the formation of a noticeable and ugly scar. In addition, when using the method of cryodestruction, relapses of keratomas often occur due to the fact that not all tumor cells were destroyed.

Removal of keratoma by electrocoagulation

Removal of keratoma by radio wave method

Surgical removal of a keratoma

Removal of neoplasm with acids and cytostatics

Treatment of keratos with acids is performed only by a doctor, since it is very important to dose these substances correctly. Indeed, when using too high a dose of acids or when they are applied to keratomas for a long period of time, a chemical burn is possible, which will lead to the formation of ugly scars.

A solution of the cytostatic Podophyllin and ointments containing 5-fluorouracil can be used for self-treatment of keratosis, since their use is relatively safe. So, 25% Podophyllin should be lubricated keratomas 1 time per day for 10 days. At the same time, 4-8 hours after applying Podophyllin to the keratoma, it should be washed off with warm water and soap.

As a person ages, the condition of the skin deteriorates noticeably. It becomes dry, elasticity is lost, wrinkles form. However, the problem is not only this. Often, single or merging growths, age spots, which are foci of seborrheic keratosis, appear on the skin of older people. Not always such neoplasms are dangerous. It is important to know in which cases the help of a doctor may be required, for which symptoms you need to contact a cosmetologist or dermatologist, what treatment is possible.

Unlike other types of similar diseases, seborrheic keratosis is a manifestation of age-related changes in the epidermis. Signs of such skin lesions usually occur in people over 40, most often in the elderly.

How the disease manifests itself

With keratosis of this type, flat or protruding spots form on the skin, the color of which can be yellow, brown, black. Usually they are round or oval in shape, have clear boundaries. Their minimum size is 2 mm. The occurrence of foci with a diameter of up to 5 cm is possible. Their surface is covered with tiny scales that form a crust. The growths are easily injured, while cracks appear, itching occurs. Seborrheic keratosis lesions usually appear on the scalp, face, neck, arms, back, chest, but are absent on the palms and feet.

Sometimes such neoplasms exist unchanged for many years, without causing discomfort, but their pathological gradual development is possible. In this case, the following processes are observed:

1. The appearance of flat pigmented spots of various colors and sizes. Their number may gradually increase.
2. Thickening of the stratum corneum, the appearance of formations protruding above the surface of the skin.
3. The appearance of "senile warts" that are brown or black. Under mechanical action, their surface can be easily damaged, bleed.

Often there is a keratinization of the surface of the warts, the formation of a dense crust.

Reasons for the formation of keratomas

The main causes of occurrence are age-related disorders in the development and renewal of skin cells (gerontological factor), as well as a genetic predisposition to such a disease (especially multiple neoplasms). Prolonged exposure to sunlight, exposure to the skin of chemicals, immune disorders in the body, chronic diseases of the liver and endocrine glands can contribute to the appearance.

Sometimes seborrheic keratosis occurs against the background of the formation of malignant tumors of the skin or internal organs.

Video: Causes and manifestations of seborrheic keratosis

Forms of the disease

There are several varieties of keratosis of this type.

Flat. It is characterized by the formation of colored spots on the skin that do not protrude above the surface.

Irritable keratosis(occurs against the background of mechanical irritation of the pigmented area of ​​the skin, infection in microcracks). At the same time, a histological examination of a tissue sample shows the presence of a large number of leukocytes in it.

Melanoacanthomas (clear cell melanoma). With this form of seborrheic keratosis, rounded warts are formed, riddled with cysts and containing pigmented cells of the keratinized epidermis (melanocytes). Keratomas of this type most often occur on the legs.

Lichenoid keratosis. It is a tumor-like neoplasm of a mushroom-shaped form.

Clonal. Neoplasms look like warty plaques, consisting of keratinized epidermal cells, heterogeneous in size.

Keratotic papilloma. It is formed on the scalp and on the face in the elderly, more often in men. The growth looks like a gray column of dense consistency. Particles of keratinized skin are permeated with single cysts. Change is painless.

Follicular inverted keratosis. Weakly stained numerous keratinization foci are formed, which are a layering of several layers of the epithelium. The growth has a flattened surface. As a rule, such neoplasms are located in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hair follicles.

Skin horn. Dense keratinized growths in the form of a cone protrude above the skin. One of the reasons for the development of the pathological process is the inflammation of the previously appeared keratosis node of a simpler form. Seborrheic keratosis of this type can degenerate into skin cancerif the affected area is exposed to ultraviolet radiation, injured, infected with viruses.

Video: Causes of senile skin pigmentation, ways to remove spots

What is the danger of seborrheic keratomas

Seborrheic keratomas are benign neoplasms that rarely become malignant. However, they cannot be considered completely safe. The following factors must be taken into account:

1. Keratosis is quite compatible with independently developing skin cancer. Neoplasms of both types can form in combination, so malignant tumors are often not immediately noticed, especially since they most often resemble keratotic nodes in appearance.
2. Distinguishing cancerous foci from areas affected by seborrheic keratosis can only be done using histological analysis of samples of the affected tissue.
3. If there is the appearance on the skin of many keratinized foci, the rapid growth of neoplasms, this may be one of the signs of the occurrence of malignant tumors of internal organs.

Warning: Even if keratotic spots are small and few in number, do not inspire fear in their appearance and do not cause discomfort, it is unacceptable to self-medicate. Only a specialist can determine what type of seborrheic keratosis a patient has, to what extent it is dangerous to his health. The use of folk methods for removing spots and warts, as well as the use of ointments and other means not prescribed by a specialist, leads to an aggravation of the situation.

The reason for an urgent visit to the doctor is a noticeable increase in the size and number of neoplasms within a short period of time.

If the focus of seborrheic keratosis is located in an "uncomfortable place" (for example, rubbed with clothes), the keratoma can be mechanically damaged, after which it becomes inflamed, starts to bleed, itch. In this case, it is necessary to visit a doctor to determine whether it needs to be removed.

The appearance of non-healing sores on the area affected by keratosis, a sharp change in the color and appearance of keratinized nodules or spots, may mean that there is a malignant skin lesion that requires an immediate visit to an oncologist.

Diagnosis of keratosis

When carrying out diagnostics, the features of the location of neoplasms, their shape, the nature of the surface, the period of occurrence, and the duration of existence are taken into account. For example, common warts do not have scales, they are covered with tiny papillae. In appearance, seborrheic keratomas also differ from basalioma (dense, smooth, elastic formation).

Histological analysis of cells taken from the surface by scraping allows you to determine the form of seborrheic keratosis, to distinguish it from other skin diseases. In particular, such a study makes it possible to recognize malignant tumors, which often look like keratomas.

Methods of treatment

The main method of eliminating keratosis foci that cause physical or psychological discomfort to patients, tending to grow and develop pathologically, is surgical removal. Several methods are used for this.

Laser removal. With the help of a laser beam, the keratoma is burned out. A thin crust remains in its place, after falling off of which there is no scar on the skin. This method is most widely used due to the simplicity of the technique and the low cost of the procedure.

Cryodestruction. In this way, freezing of keratomas located on extensive superficial areas of the skin is performed. The operation is performed using liquid nitrogen.

Radio wave removal. For burning and evaporation of the keratoma, the Surgitron device is used, which emits radio waves. After the procedure, a crust also appears on the skin. There is a rapid healing with the complete absence of any traces of surgical intervention.

Chemical peeling. Seborrheic keratosis is eliminated by cauterization of neoplasms, trichloroacetic acid. In this case, solutions of various concentrations are used, which allows both surface and deep processing of the epidermis. In order for healing to occur quickly and successfully, after the procedure, careful skin care using special cosmetics is required.

Applications using various ointments (fluorouracil, prospidin) and cauterizing drugs (Solcoderm, milk-salicylic collodion).

Electrocoagulation- cauterization by keratomas is carried out using a special electrode. The method is used to remove small single benign neoplasms.

Curettage. The keratoma is scraped off with a metal instrument (curette). This method is sometimes used in combination with cryodestruction or electrocoagulation.

Medical therapy allows only to stop the growth of foci of seborrheic keratosis and prevent the formation of new spots. For this purpose, ascorbic acid is prescribed in large doses. Between several courses of treatment there is a break of 1 month.

One of the latest developments in the treatment of keratosis is the so-called "pulse therapy". Limiting the growth of neoplasms on the skin is carried out by restoring the functions of internal organs. With the help of the Vizulon device, an impulse effect is made on the centers of the brain that regulate the work of various body systems. Improving the functioning of the liver and kidneys, accelerating metabolism and blood flow, strengthening the immune system lead to positive changes in the condition of the skin, and prevent the development of keratomas. The method is used in combination with drug treatment.

On the face or hands - keratomas. It looks unpleasant and ugly. But many forget that this is a disease that needs to be treated and cannot be started.

What is a keratoma

It is a benign growth on human skin. It looks like a large convex mole of light yellow color. The tumor is multiple and single. If left untreated, it can become malignant or develop into squamous cell carcinoma.

There are several types of this education. The most common in humans are senile (senile) and seborrheic keratomas.

Senile (senile) keratoma manifests itself after 30 years. Most often, senile keratomas appear on the face, neck, on the back of the hands, much less often on the chest, abdomen, back, forearms and shins. They look like moles of white or gray-yellow color. They increase in size gradually, sometimes inflammation can begin. These are one of the most benign skin formations.

Seborrheic keratoma of the skin- the most dangerous of all. Seborrheic keratoma is localized on the scalp, arms, legs, neck and face, most often on the nose. In most cases, this type of keratoma is multiple. At first, it appears as a brown or yellow speck, then it grows rapidly, becomes rough, darkens, and noticeable cracks appear. Quite often, its appearance and growth is accompanied by pain, itching and bleeding.

There are also types of keratomas called senile (senile) wart(also sometimes called age-related keratoma), and seborrheic wart.

The first appears after 50 years and exclusively in the eye area. It looks like a flat or slightly protruding formation with clear contours. Color - from gray-yellow to brown. Occlusion is extremely rare. The wart grows very slowly and interferes, usually only with its appearance.

seborrheic wart is another name for seborrheic keratoma.

Reasons for the appearance

At the moment, it is already known that keratomas are non-contagious formations. There are several reasons for the appearance of seborrheic keratomas:

• The most important - excessive sun exposure when the skin simply does not have time to cope with the incoming ultraviolet radiation. Because of this, processes in the formation of cells are disrupted, the epidermis grows very quickly and becomes covered with a cornea.
• Heredity.
• Predisposition skin disease or prolonged skin disease (eg seborrhea, oily seborrhea).
• Age. In most people over 30-40, keratomas begin to appear. This is due to the weakening protective function of the skin, when it is difficult for skin cells to withstand sunlight or frost.
• Flaw useful substances in the body (vitamins, vegetable oils) and excess animal fats.

Symptoms

Wherever the keratoma is localized (on the scalp, on the nose, in the ears, etc.), the initial symptoms of the manifestation are the same:

1. The appearance of a light yellow spot that does not protrude on the surface of the skin.
2. The speck darkens, grows.
3. The bulge increases and grows to a wart that rises above the skin by several millimeters.
4. The wart grows and flakes off.

Remember that it is impossible to pick off a keratoma, as it is possible to introduce an infection or start the process of the formation of a malignant tumor. Sometimes self-amputation happens - falling off of a wart in the absence of external influence.

Surgery

At the moment, seborrheic keratoma can be removed in the following ways:

Cryodestruction- removal of keratomas with liquid nitrogen. Anesthesia is not required. Scarring is possible, a method for removing formations on the face is not recommended. The price is acceptable.

Laser- it has no contraindications and side effects. They can remove keratomas on any part of the body, recurrence is excluded. The method is painless, the scars heal in two weeks. The method is not cheap.

Electrocoagulation- removal of keratomas by high-frequency current. There are small scars that heal completely after a while.

There are contraindications:

• can not be used by people suffering from arrhythmia;
• hypertension;
• fever;
• angina;
• current intolerance.

Radiosurgery- use of the Surgitron radio knife. Due to non-contact (heat exposure) removal of the wound heals very quickly. There are no contraindications.

You can also get rid of senile keratomas with the help of surgical operation- section of the keratoma with a scalpel under the action of a local anesthetic: lidocaine or novocaine. The cheapest, but also the most time-consuming method. The wound also takes a long time to heal. Scars remain, as sutures are applied after the operation.

How to treat seborrheic keratoma?

In some cases, drug treatment of seborrheic keratomas and warts is practiced.

• To increase immunity in senile keratoma are used group C vitamins. Doctors prescribe ascorbic acid 3 times a day, 5-6 pieces at a time.
• A complex of vitamins has a positive effect on keratomas: vitamin B12 intramuscularly (2 times a week injection with 1 million mcg) and Wobenzym tablets(2 pieces 3 times a day).
• Small keratomas are lubricated with hormonal ointments: flucinar, fluorocort, elokom. However, it is worth remembering the “withdrawal syndrome”.
• Long-term use of antioxidants can lead to wart reduction and even involution: help tocopherol, dibunol liniment.

Preparations for the treatment of senile (age-related) keratomas and warts. If you regularly lubricate the affected area with them, then you can achieve a decrease in keratoma in size:

• Castor oil
• aekol
• retinol oil solution
• fir oil
• ointments with beta-carotene
• hydrogen peroxide cream

Treatment of senile keratoses with folk remedies

It is noted that some folk remedies also help in the treatment of seborrheic keratomas, senile warts and age-related keratomas.

Balm from walnut. Slightly unripe fruits pour vegetable oil heated to a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius in a ratio of 1:6. Insist in a thermos for 1 day, then cool and strain. Rub the balm into keratomas for 2 weeks.

Ointment from celandine. Grind dried celandine leaves, mix with melted pork fat. The consistency of the ointment should resemble thick sour cream. If possible, add 10 drops of carbolic acid (for long-term storage).

Ointment from bay leaf. Mix 6 powdered bay leaves, 1 juniper leaf and 12 parts butter. At the end, add 15 drops (per 100 ml) of lavender or fir oil. Apply a small amount to formations. Use as needed - until reduction or disappearance of keratomas.

Remember that if a keratoma appears, you should immediately consult a doctor to rule out cancer and other diseases. It is not recommended to treat it yourself. And even folk remedies should be used after consulting a doctor!

The skin is the human organ that is exposed to many diseases as a result of exposure to negative environmental factors. Seborrheic keratosis is one of the common diseases, a characteristic feature of which is the appearance of small tumors on the skin. They arise due to excessive thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. To get rid of seals, you need to know the causes of the appearance, as well as ways to deal with them.

Keratoses are a group of skin diseases that do not have a tendency to inflammatory processes. There are several varieties, including seborrheic keratosis. It is also called senile or senile, because neoplasms often occur after 30 years, and especially among pensioners. With age, the affected area may increase.

Several causes of seborrheic keratosis have been identified, but none of them has been fully proven. There is a version that it is age-related factors that provoke the development of keratosis. This theory has a significant flaw: why, then, does not all elderly people suffer from a skin disease?

It is assumed that seborrheic keratosis can cause the following reasons:

• hereditary predisposition (the incidence of skin disease in close relatives is much higher);
• prolonged exposure to the sun (UV rays);
• change in the structure of the skin with increasing age;
• friction, scratches, wearing tight clothing and other types of damage;
• weakening of the protective function of the immune system;
• the negative impact of household and industrial chemicals (sprays, colognes, aerosols, detergents, poisoning in factories and plants);
• pregnancy in women;
• endocrine disorders;
• avitaminosis;
• unbalanced diet, lack of a variety of products;
• taking hormones (including contraception);
• lack of vegetable fats in the diet.

The degree of danger of seborrheic keratosis

These tumors are benign and do not contain cancer cells in their structure, but there is some relationship with oncological neoplasms on the skin:

• often seborrheic keratosis is a sign of cancer on the internal organs;
• keratosis can "mask" a malignant neoplasm that grows among tumor cells (it is very dangerous because inoperable cancer at the last stage can be detected);
• cancer and keratosis practically do not differ externally, they can be distinguished only by excising tissue for histological examination.

It is worth noting that about 9,000 patients with seborrheic keratosis were found to have malignant skin cells.

Classification and symptoms of seborrheic keratosis

Scientists have identified several forms of keratosis, which differ not only in provoking facts, but also in their symptoms.

• dry skin;
• the appearance on the skin of nodules of a light pink or yellow hue;
• inflammatory process in the affected areas;
• neoplasms occur on hair follicles, so broken hairs are visible on their top;
• subcutaneous growth of the hair follicle;
• frequent places of localization - limbs, buttocks, less often the face;
• no itching;
• most often manifests itself in childhood and adolescence.

• small knot, gradually acquiring the form of a papule;
• skin pigmentation;
• expansion of capillaries;
• size can vary from a few mm to cm;
• nodules do not cause pain and do not itch;
• the presence of scales, the peeling off of which is painful (under them, skin depletion or an erosive process can be detected);
• the skin becomes reddish, and sometimes brown;
• progresses slowly.

Warty-like keratosis:

• neoplasms rough to the touch;
• have pronounced pigmentation;
• most often localized on the upper limbs;
• easily confused with the seborrheic form.

Horny (horny) keratosis:

• skin growths, dark at the base and light at the tip;
• conical shape (reminiscent of horns);
• group or single distribution on the skin;
• there is a risk of developing cancer.

Seborrheic (senile, senile) keratosis:

• neoplasms can be of different colors (yellowish, brown);
• size varies from a few mm to 7 cm;
• usually in the form of a mushroom or an oval;
• at the beginning of the development of the disease, a small spot appears on the skin, gradually developing and overgrowing with a crust;
• there is peeling, sometimes itching;
• most often appears on the upper limbs, back, chest, face;
• upper layer keratinized.

Seborrheic keratosis also manifests itself in several forms:

• flat type (tumors are flattened, rise above the level of the skin by several mm, stand out strongly due to their dark shade);
• irritated type (in the tissues of skin formations there are blood and lymph cells);
• reticular type (similar to the flat type, characterized by the presence of keratinized protrusions).

It is necessary to pay attention if an inflammatory process develops in the keratomas or blood is released from them. This may mean that the neoplasms were injured as a result of mechanical actions. The inflamed type of seborrheic keratosis is the most dangerous and can cause malignant neoplasms.

Seborrheic keratosis should be differentiated from the following dermatological diseases:

1. Vulgar or common warts. Caused by the human papillomavirus type II. They mainly grow on the back of the feet and hands. Elevations above the skin do not exceed 1 cm.
2. Basalioma is a malignant neoplasm, also called basal cell carcinoma. It develops from the cells of the outer layer of the skin. Most often localized on the neck and front of the head. Initially, a painless pimple appears, which gradually grows and transforms into a nodule.
3. Melanoma is a skin cancer. It develops from birthmarks and skin cells, in which there is a lot of melanin pigment. In the later stages, it affects the internal organs. The spots are asymmetrical.
4. Keratopapilloma or senile warts. Unlike ordinary warts, the appearance of keratopapilloma is influenced by the age factor, and not by the virus. Initially, it is a pigment spot.
5. Eccrine poroma is a tumor of the dermis, which is quite rare. It is located at the site of the excretion of the secretion of the eccrine sweat gland. The formations are painful, usually saturated in color. Slow growing, mostly benign.
6. Basal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that is not prone to metastasis. Outwardly, it looks like a small tubercle with smooth and shiny skin. Germination of the formation in the surrounding tissues is characteristic.

Treatment options for seborrheic keratosis

Self-treatment of seborrheic keratosis is dangerous to health. There is a possibility of injury to the tumor tissue, which will provoke their accelerated growth. Therefore, to make a diagnosis and determine the method of treatment, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Often a combination of drugs is prescribed. It can be ointments, creams and gels for external use. Injectable solutions are also common. They must contain active acids that destroy tumor tissues. Cytostatics are often used, due to which pathological cell division slows down or stops completely.

To get rid of discomfort and itching, steroid drugs are prescribed, for example, Mardil Zinc Max and Lorinden A. They relieve inflammation and have an antiseptic effect.

There are other methods of dealing with keratomas:

1. laser removal. No pain, minimal risk of skin damage, the ability to remove the tumor even in hard-to-reach places. After the procedure, the patient recovers in a few days. Complications do not appear.
2. Cryotherapy. In this case, the lesion site is treated with liquid nitrogen, the temperature of which is -196 ° C. The procedure is carried out for several minutes, taking into account the break. After cryodestruction of the keratoma, it gradually dies off, and soon cells of a new, intact skin appear.
3. The use of radio waves. In this case, the tumor is excised with a radioknife. It looks like a normal surgical removal. The advantage is that small incisions are made in the skin with the radioknife. The risk of capillary damage is minimal.

When surgery is indispensable

Surgery to remove seborrheic keratosis is necessary in any case. A neoplasm of even a small size causes discomfort, looks unaesthetic and spoils the appearance of a person.

It is necessary to seek urgent medical help if the tumor began to intensively increase in size, itching, pain and sudden bleeding for no reason appeared. All this can be a signal for the development of cancer.

Surgical removal of the keratoma with a scalpel is the most common method. The tumor is cut, and a scar or scar remains at the postoperative site. If there is a suspicion of oncology, excised tissues are taken for histological examination.

Traditional medicine recipes for keratosis

Folk remedies are used with extreme caution, only after consulting a doctor. It is forbidden to use any alcohol tinctures, the aggressive components of which can cause the transformation of a keratoma into a malignant tumor.

It is worth paying attention to such recipes:

1. Grate a small beetroot on a fine grater. Put the gruel in a thin cloth or gauze. Apply to the affected area daily for several hours (approximately 4 hours).
2. Make compresses based on burdock (a decoction of the plant is suitable).
3. In a similar way, use crushed propolis.
4. Attach a cut leaf of aloe to the keratoma. Fix it with adhesive plaster or bandage. It is advisable to wrap with foil. Do the procedure before bed.
5. Finely chop the celandine or pass through a meat grinder. Mix with animal fat (preferably pork) and treat keratomas several times a day.
6. Grate raw potatoes. Wrap in gauze and apply to the neoplasm 3 times a day.

It is worth noting that such therapy is designed for a long time. It will take several weeks to see the first results, and the complete disappearance of the disease is sometimes achieved by treatment for several years.

Prevention measures for seborrheic keratosis

To prevent the development of seborrheic keratosis, the following preventive measures should be taken:

• do not stay in the sun for a long time, use sunscreens and lotions, avoid burning the skin;
• do not be nervous, protect your body from stress;
• make a balanced diet that contains all the necessary vitamins and nutrients;
• observe the regime of work and rest, sleep a sufficient number of hours;
• play sports, lead a healthy lifestyle.

Forecast

As a rule, seborrheic keratosis occurs in elderly or elderly people. If the formation is not malignant, it does not pose a threat to human life and health. Only an inconvenient location, discomfort during movement, or aesthetic unattractiveness make people turn to a dermatologist.

Seborrheic keratosis is a disease that is characterized by a pathological increase in the keratinized layers of the epidermis. According to statistics, keratosis most often affects people over the age of 40 years.

The causes of seborrheic keratosis are not yet fully understood. According to numerous research results, one of the main causes of keratosis is the human papillomavirus. Other hypothetical causes that may cause the development of a skin disease:

• genetic predisposition;
• excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays;
• pathology of the endocrine system;
• immune system disorders;
• chemical effects on the skin;
• frequent mechanical damage to the skin.

Seborrheic keratosis is classified as a benign neoplasm that can degenerate into cancer cells. Sometimes it is quite difficult to distinguish keratosis from some oncological forms of neoplasms. For this reason, if a patient develops plaques, he is advised to undergo a series of examinations. This is the only way to confirm or disprove the presence of cancer cells.

Along with this, a large accumulation of foci of keratosis in some cases is a sign of the development of oncology of one of the internal organs.

Symptoms of pathology

With seborrheic keratosis, oval or round plaques with a clear contour of the borders appear on the skin. Their size can be from 2 mm to 6 cm. The surface of the spots is smooth or slightly scaly. Sometimes neoplasms can resemble warts, which are covered with a finely scaly crust. The color of the spots can be different: yellow, black, dark brown, dark cherry or pink. The appearance of such spots is accompanied by mild itching.

Initially, a thin crust appears, which is easily separated. The slightest mechanical damage leads to bleeding.

Skin lesions can be all over the body, with the exception of the palms and soles. As the disease progresses, the crust thickens, the thickness of which can reach 2 cm. On examination, black dotted inclusions can be seen in them.

1. Flat. This species is characterized by flat in shape and slightly elevated above the skin surface neoplasms with strong pigmentation.
2. Reticular. It is characterized by the presence of highly pigmented plaques, horny cysts form on the surface of the skin.
3. Inflammatory. The patient has signs of an inflammatory process (in neoplasms).
4. Irritated. On the surface of the plaques, lymph infiltration is observed.

Treatment of keratosis is not always mandatory. If the disease does not cause discomfort, and cancer cells were not detected during the diagnostic process, the patient may refuse treatment. In the future, it will be necessary to undergo planned examinations in order to make sure that the neoplasms have not transformed into malignant ones.

Treatment is necessary in cases where the following symptoms are observed:

• rapid growth of neoplasm;
• frequent damage to plaques due to their contact with clothing;
• the presence of an inflammatory process in the growth or its suppuration;
• aesthetic inconvenience (if keratosis forms on the face or other open areas of the body).

Treatment of keratosis

Keratosis of the skin is treated with a method of removal, after which there are barely noticeable scars.

This procedure does not cause any particular difficulties, since seborrheic keratosis does not affect the deep layers of the epidermis. Treatment is also possible with a medical method, which is carried out at home with steroid-containing ointments, gels or creams. Keratosis, the treatment of which is carried out with the help of medications, is not cured, that is, therapy only relieves the discomfort and irritation that are caused by a skin disease, but does not remove the neoplasms themselves.

Modern medicine offers several ways to get rid of pathological plaques:

1. laser removal. This method of treating keratosis is considered one of the best. The procedure is performed using a laser beam that burns plaques bloodlessly and does not leave visible scars after them.
2. Radio wave scalpel. Removal of an unnecessary layer of the epithelium is carried out according to the same principle as laser treatment.
3. Cryodestruction. A painless way to remove plaques. Neoplasms are cauterized with liquid nitrogen.
4. Curettage. It is used in the presence of small plaques. Removal is carried out using mechanical cleaning with a special tool. Often, curettage is combined with electrocoagulation.
5. Electrocoagulation. Burning of keratosis with high-frequency current. After this procedure, small scars may remain.
6. Chemical removal with trichloroacetic acid.

ethnoscience

Treatment with folk remedies requires a long period of time and will take several months. Before using one of the recipes and treating keratosis on your own at home, it is recommended to consult a doctor and make sure that there is no allergic reaction to one or another ingredient.

The most common recipes that can be used at home are:

1. An ointment of ground juniper leaves and bay leaves mixed with butter.
2. Balm from an unripe walnut. Nuts are poured with warm vegetable oil and infused for a day.
3. Lotion from a decoction of buckwheat.

In place of the plaques, you can apply compresses of aloe and grated raw potatoes or wipe the neoplasms with apple cider vinegar.

Prevention of seborrheic keratosis involves the use of all the necessary vitamins, proper nutrition and the rejection of bad habits. It is necessary to avoid stressful situations and provide the body with a good rest.