How to treat human papillomavirus. What drugs are effective in the treatment of papillomas

Human papillomavirus infection (human papillomavirus or HPV) is a common female disease, men are less susceptible to it. The papilloma virus is transmitted from a human carrier during sexual intercourse, through skin contact, and from mother to child during childbirth. When HPV is infected or activated, warts, genital warts (genital warts) appear on the human body, and gynecological diseases are observed in women. Some papillomaviruses are oncogenic. Treatment of human papillomavirus infection in women and men should be carried out with modern effective drugs.

Antiviral

Antiviral drugs for HPV have an antibacterial effect, preventing neoplasms from growing and spreading further.

Allokin Alpha

Active ingredient - alloferon-oligopeptide

Treatment of HPV with this antiviral drug is carried out according to clinical indications.

With HPV, the dosage is calculated as 1 milligram of the drug every 2 days. During the treatment, 6 injections should be made.

Side effects: weakness, dizziness, the formation of new elements of the rash.

Contraindications: pronounced autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, lactation, children's age, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Acyclovir

The active substance is acyclovir. Available in the form of tablets, ointment and powder.

A drug that suppresses the virus by embedding itself in its DNA and prevents it from reproducing. The best and most reliable drug for HPV.

Side effects: skin rashes that disappear after discontinuation of the drug, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Contraindicated in hypersensitivity to acyclovir.

Interferon (Lokferon, Inferon, Interferon human leukocyte dry lyophilasate)

The active substance is interferon alfa. Available in powder form in ampoules and suppositories.

An antiviral drug for HPV is used for genital warts.

Dosage, frequency and duration of use are determined based on clinical indications.

The use of interferon alfa preparations during pregnancy is possible only in cases where the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. It is recommended to stop breastfeeding while taking the drug.

Side effects: fever, headache, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, arterial hypotension, arrhythmia, drowsiness, impaired consciousness, ataxia, dry skin, erythema, skin rash.

Contraindications: in severe diseases of the heart, thyroid gland, impaired liver and kidney function, epilepsy, hypersensitivity to interferon alpha.

Ribavirin (Ribavirin-Bio, Ribapeg, Ribamidil, Ribavirin-FPO)

The active substance is ribavirin. Available in the form of tablets and capsules.

It is used as an antiviral agent for the treatment of virus-affected skin and mucous membranes.

The dosage is prescribed individually depending on the clinical indications.

Side effects: headache, dizziness, general weakness, malaise, insomnia, asthenia, depression, irritability, decrease or increase in blood pressure, bradycardia or tachycardia, palpitations, cardiac arrest, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, dyspnea, cough, pharyngitis, shortness of breath, bronchitis , dry mouth, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, taste perversion.

Contraindications: chronic heart failure, myocardial infarction, renal failure, anemia, liver failure, decompensated liver cirrhosis, autoimmune diseases, thyroid diseases that cannot be treated, severe depression with suicidal tendencies, children and adolescents under 18 years of age, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to ribavirin.

Immunomodulatory

Immunomodulators are a group of drugs that activate the immune system. Under the influence of immunomodulatory drugs, the production of leukocytes is activated and the body's natural fight against the virus is enhanced.

Viferon (Laferobion)

The active substance is interferon alfa-2b. Available in the form of suppositories, ointments and gels.

An immunostimulating drug for HPV is used in the complex of general therapy for adults, 1 suppository 2 times a day after 12 hours daily for 5-10 days. The course of treatment can be continued according to clinical indications.

During pregnancy, the drug is approved for use from 14 weeks. During lactation has no restrictions.
Side effects: allergic reactions in the form of skin rash and itching, which disappear within 72 hours after drug withdrawal.

Contraindications: individual intolerance.

Genferon

Active ingredients - interferon alfa-2b, taurine, benzocaine.

A modern drug is indicated for the treatment of HPV, with its help, the effectiveness of the fight against viruses increases.

Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the drug, 1st trimester of pregnancy.

Immunomax

The active substance is acid peptidoglycan. The release form is a lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for intramuscular injection.

Immune preparation for HPV, which enhances defense mechanisms in infections caused by viruses. It is indicated for the correction of weakened immunity and the treatment of pathological conditions (warts, warts, dysplasia, and others) caused by the human papillomavirus.

Contraindications: It is forbidden to use in children under 12 years of age and in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug. It should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefit to the woman outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. Not recommended for nursing mothers.

Likopid

The active substance is glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide. Produced in the form of tablets.

An HPV medicine used in diseases accompanied by secondary immunodeficiency.

The course of treatment is carried out for 10 days, the daily dose is 10 milligrams 1 time per day 30 minutes before meals.

Of the side effects, an increase in body temperature up to 37.9 ° C was revealed, this phenomenon is short-term and occurs at the beginning of treatment.

Contraindications: individual intolerance, pregnancy, breastfeeding, exacerbation of autoimmune thyroiditis, diseases accompanied by severe fever or high body temperature.

Also pay attention to the list of other hidden infections in women that can cause significant harm to health.

Combined

The action of combined drugs is aimed at destroying cells with the HPV genome and restoring the function of lymphocytes during immunosuppression, which accelerates the elimination of papillomavirus due to the active synthesis of interferon.

Isoprinosine (Groprinosine)

The active substance is inosine pranobex. Produced in the form of tablets.

The drug for papillomavirus infection (HPV) in men and women, including in the genital area.

The dosage of the drug for adults is prescribed 2 tablets 3 times a day, for children - 1/2 tablet per 5 kilograms of body weight per day in 3-4 doses for 14-28 days as monotherapy.

The safety of the use of Isoprinosine during pregnancy and lactation has not been established, so the use of the drug is not recommended.

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, a temporary increase in the activity of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in the blood plasma, itching, headache, dizziness, weakness, polyuria, joint pain, exacerbation of gout, an increase in the concentration of urea in the blood plasma.

Contraindications: urolithiasis, gout, arrhythmias, chronic renal failure, children under 3 years of age (body weight up to 15-20 kilograms), hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Panavir

The active substance is the polysaccharides of the shoots of Solanum tuberosum. Available in the form of suppositories, gel and solution for intravenous administration.

It is indicated for reduced immunity in combination with infectious diseases.

The drug against HPV, applied intravenously in a jet slowly, 200 micrograms. When papillomavirus infection is administered 3 times with an interval of 48 hours for 1 week and 2 times with an interval of 72 hours for 2 weeks.

Side effects: allergic reactions are possible.

Contraindications: severe diseases of the kidneys and spleen, lactation, childhood, hypersensitivity to the herbal remedy. Use with caution during pregnancy.

Ferrovir

The active substance is a complex of sodium deoxyribonucleate with iron. Produced in the form of a solution.

It is used intramuscularly as part of combination therapy in the treatment of HPV.

Dosage - 5 milliliters 1-2 times a day for 10 days.

Side effects: fever, hyperemia, moderate pain at the injection site.

Contraindications: pregnancy, lactation (breastfeeding), children's age, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Cycloferon

The active ingredient is meglumine acridone acetate. Available in the form of tablets and solution.

An antiviral drug for HPV in women and men, has a destructive effect on papillomavirus cells and at the same time strengthens the immune system.

Children and adults need to take 4 tablets every 3 days for 23 days. After that, the dose is reduced to 4 tablets 1 time in 5 days. The general course of treatment should be 3.5 months.

Side effects: allergic reactions.

Contraindications: cirrhosis of the liver in the stage of decompensation, children under 4 years of age, pregnancy, lactation (breastfeeding), individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Papillomatosis is an infectious disease, the successful treatment of which requires an integrated approach. In most cases, the specialist recommends removing the papilloma. The procedure is performed surgically, by cryodestruction, electrocoagulation or laser. But this approach is not enough to completely get rid of the infection. The doctor also prescribes pills for papillomas to generally strengthen the immune system and fight the virus.

What is the reason for the appearance of papillomas on the body

Papillomavirus enters the human body by contact: when visiting public places, using common hygiene items, kissing or having sexual contact with an infected person. If the body was weakened and it did not have enough strength to overcome the virus, papillomas appear on the site affected by the infection. The localization of growths can be different: on the skin of the hands, feet, on the face and neck, in the armpits, on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and nasopharynx, on the outer and inner parts of the organs of the genitourinary system.

The variety of warts and papillomas also directly depends on the type of virus. Some of them are quite harmless, and then the appearance of papillomas is nothing more than a cosmetic defect. But the situation looks completely different with other HPV strains that promote the formation of malignant tumors.

The right approach to treatment

The correct method of treatment for each is individual: age, severity of the disease, the presence of other diseases, the general state of health of the patient are taken into account. The doctor prescribes a treatment regimen only after the necessary studies to establish the strain of the virus, its amount in the body, the risk of degeneration into oncology. In most cases, it is recommended to remove the formation as the epicenter of infection and a potential source of further infection. After surgical removal of the formations or any other method, it is necessary to continue to treat the infection, as it continues to remain in the body.

Treatment methods for papillomavirus come down to taking antiviral drugs and strengthening the immune system. Medicines exist for oral or topical use: papillomavirus tablets, ointments, gels, suppositories, injections.

Antiviral therapy

First of all, the doctor prescribes papillomavirus pills, which prevent the further spread of the infection and are aimed at destroying the virus itself. This list includes Isoprinosine, Groprinosine, Alpizarin, Cycloferon, Acyclovir. Let's dwell briefly on each of them.

Isoprinosine

Tablets against human papillomavirus based on the active ingredient inosine pranobex. Isoprinosine is an antiviral drug that at the same time has immunomodulatory properties.

It is prescribed for human papillomavirus infection to normalize cellular immunity. Isoprinosine prevents the reproduction of the virus by the fact that inosinorotic acid is introduced into the affected cell and does not allow the reproduction of viral DNA.

The daily dose is calculated based on the severity of the disease and the weight of the patient; as a maximum, adults are allowed to take 6-8 tablets per day for 3-4 doses. The duration of treatment is 1-2 weeks.

It is forbidden to take with individual sensitivity to any of the components of the drug, with gout and hyperuricemia. Not recommended during pregnancy, lactation and children under one year.

Groprinosin

The drug against the human papillomavirus, made on the basis of the same active ingredient as Isoprinosine - inosine pranobex. It is prescribed against HPV due to its direct antiviral action. Enhances the activity of the immune system.

Groprinosin is administered orally. The maximum dose for an adult is 5 g per day, for children from one to 12 years old - 4 g. The course of treatment is selected by a specialist individually, but on average it takes 1-2 weeks. If necessary, after a break of 10 days, the course can be repeated.

Prohibited for use in case of allergy to one of the ingredients, hyperuricemia, acute arthritis.

Alpizarin

Alpizarin tablets are prescribed for HPV based on mangiferin obtained from Indian mango leaves.

The drug is characterized by strong antiviral properties, especially in relation to herpes viruses, chicken pox, human papilloma. It is most effective to take the drug in the early stages of the development of the disease. Stimulates the development of cellular immunity, blocks the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, has an anti-inflammatory effect.

The tablets can be taken with or without food. Adults and children over 12 years of age are prescribed 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day. The medication lasts from three days to a month, depending on the form of the disease.

Cycloferon

The drug has a wide spectrum of biological activity. Cycloferon relieves inflammation, strengthens the immune system, eliminates the virus and prevents the development of cancer.

The active substance of meglumine, acridone acetate, helps the body produce additional alpha and beta interferons and accumulate them in the body, which is associated with a strong antiviral effect of the drug. Activates killer cells and T-lymphocytes. In addition, it has an anti-inflammatory effect and reduces the risk of malignant neoplasms. Can be taken to treat HPV and other infections.

Take 1 tablet of Cycloferon 1 time per day 30 minutes before meals. It cannot be chewed, but simply washed down with water.

It is forbidden to use with individual intolerance to the components, cirrhosis of the liver, pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as children under 4 years of age.

Acyclovir

An effective herpes drug is also used to treat HPV. This is a synthetically created analogue of one of the components of DNA. Due to this similarity, it replaces the viral DNA and does not allow the virus to multiply. After entering the infected cell, acyclovir, under the action of enzymes, becomes active and blocks the replication of viral DNA, without actually affecting the cells of the human body.

Treatment with acyclovir usually lasts 5 days. Adults: 1 tablet 4-5 times a day, children - 2-3 times.

The use of this drug for HPV is usually well tolerated, but women who are pregnant or breastfeeding will need to consult their doctor.

Immunostimulants

The next item in the human papillomavirus treatment regimen is immunostimulants. Their main task is to influence the body's metabolism and activate immunocompetent cells.

Likopid

Among the drugs for immunomodulatory papilloma, the drug Likopid is often prescribed. It enhances cytotoxic activity and stimulates the production of specific antibodies. Assign in the complex treatment of diseases accompanied by secondary immunodeficiency: against papillomas and other diseases caused by infection.

The highest efficiency is achieved when taken half an hour before meals. The dose is prescribed by the attending physician. The duration of the course is 10 days.

Contraindicated in galactosemia, exacerbation of an autoimmune disease, body temperature above 38 degrees Celsius. It is not prescribed during pregnancy and lactation.

Galavit

With papillomas, Galavit tablets are also prescribed. The drug has an immunomodulatory effect, reduces the degree of the inflammatory reaction and the associated intoxication.

The treatment regimen is prescribed exclusively by a doctor. It is forbidden to prescribe for allergies to one of the components of the drug, pregnancy and lactation.

Medications from the group of dietary supplements

In the complex treatment for HPV, in addition to antiviral and immunostimulating agents for papillomas, vitamin and mineral complexes play an important role. Thanks to them, the body receives the missing biologically active substances to improve the metabolism of cells and tissues. And strengthening the body is the prevention of disease.

Which pills to choose, the specialist will tell you. It is desirable that the percentage of the element to the daily norm be above 50%. The list of tested complexes includes Alfavit, Vitrum, Complivit.

Tablets that relieve itching and swelling

Skin diseases caused by papillomavirus are often accompanied by inflammation and itching, which causes a lot of discomfort to the patient. When combing, papillomas are injured and bleed. After removal of the growth, inflammation may also be observed. To avoid such situations, they take medications in the form of tablets: Suprastin, Diazolin, Loratadin, Claritin.

Today, an infection caused by the human papillomavirus is becoming more widespread. First of all, this is due to the fact that the direct connection between the manifestation of oncological diseases in the cervical region and persistence has already been proven. This means that the long-term existence of this pathogen directly in the female body is life-threatening.

Diagnostic and therapeutic practice about ten years ago in case of suspicion of a serious pathology of the cervical region, presumably associated with papillomavirus infection, was uncertain, but today a decisive step has been taken in this direction by practical medicine.

Through the use and study of international cervical screening protocols, various stages of examination were carried out, differing in terms depending on the country, while with regard to the need for the manifestation of oncological diseases and the dependence of symptoms on strains of the papillomavirus, many clinical studies were conducted, the results of which were positive results have been obtained.

What is papillomavirus infection

Papillomavirus infection, or as it is commonly called the human papillomavirus (HPV for short), is not in all cases pathogenic to humans.

To date, more than 1 thousand varieties of this infection have been identified, and only a part of them can lead to a long transient stay in the body.

Moreover, this does not mean that its stay will be something dangerous for a person, only if it is embedded directly into the chromosome apparatus of cells, the infection will begin to pose a threat in the form of various pathological changes.

The most aggressive for the human body are only 16, 18, 31. 33, 48, 52, 58 strains of the virus, while the potential development of cervical cancer can lead to 16 and 18 species. in this regard, it is necessary to be aware of what a high carcinogenic risk human papillomavirus is.

Statistics show that it is these strains that have been identified in more than 80 percent of women with this cancer worldwide. In terms of carcinogenesis, the remaining strains do not pose a serious health hazard, so at this stage of time, all the efforts of doctors are aimed at the direct creation of effective drugs against strains 16 and 18 of the species.

It is worth noting that the significance of certain low-oncogenic species in the development of so-called condylomas (warts) in the genital area was additionally proven. This process is absolutely benign, but can lead to significant discomfort and that is why it requires treatment without fail.

As a rule, infection with the virus occurs in the case of unprotected sexual contact. However, the percentage of infection by domestic means at this stage of time has not been proven in any way.

The virus can enter the child's respiratory tract if it passes through infected birth contacts, which, in turn, can lead to the development of a very rare pathology, expressed by the growth of papillomas in the baby's larynx. The fact that it could be considered the gender specificity of highly oncogenic HPV types is also considered very important. In other words, the relatively high risk of developing cervical cancer in the case of HPV infection in women can be countered by extremely rare cases of cancer in the genital area associated with papillomavirus in the male half of the population.

However, the likelihood of warts in men is also much lower, but a pubic wart, for example, is not uncommon. It is worth noting that infection with a virus and the very fact of the disease are not synonymous, and this applies not only to papillomavirus infection. If it enters the body, especially if we are talking about young people, the immune system will react accordingly, as a result of which, in the absence of favorable conditions for the development of the strain, self-elimination will be observed - the removal of the pathogen itself. A similar mechanism works in 4 out of 5 cases of HPV directly entering the body of a woman under the age of 30 over a period ranging from 8 months to 2 years. In this case, there is no relation to age and the above indications are conditional. However, scientists have proven that as the body ages, the probability of self-elimination of the strain decreases, thereby increasing the risk of developing cancer in the cervical region, taking into account reaching its peak at the age of 45 years.

This fact is explained by the fact that all screening studies in many countries of the world include patients of 30 years of age, while the tactics of examining patients with detected HPV infection at a younger age is considered more sparing compared to older women.

Now a little about that 1/5 of women who were not lucky enough to get rid of the virus on their own. It turns out that in the body of these women all the conditions for the imperceptible and painless development of the disease to the most dangerous stage are presented. As a rule, the most dangerous group on the grounds is the early onset of sexual activity, the constant change of sexual partners, even if the conditions of protection are preserved.

The fact is that in this case, infection can even occur in the case of ordinary skin-to-skin contact in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe mucous component. In this case, we are not even talking about various urogenital contacts. In addition, chronic inflammatory diseases in the cervical region are considered a risk factor, contributing to the introduction of the virus, while changing local immunity.

The most at risk of infection are smokers, as well as pregnant young women. Scientists have proven the importance of a large number of births and abortions as events leading to trauma to the surface of the cervix. Moreover, the frequency of HPV carriage in relation to cervical cancer in the territory of Muslim countries is lower compared to other regions, but this can be explained by the peculiarities of traditional hygiene.

The incidence of oncological tumors in the cervical region is also low in Western developed countries, which only confirms the effectiveness of rather expensive budgetary screening studies aimed primarily at detecting HPV, as well as precancerous cervical conditions.

The pathological process itself starts only at the moment when the infection begins to integrate into the immediate chromosomal apparatus of the cell, which is considered a necessary condition for successful reproduction.

Clinically, this fact is manifested by epithelial dysplasia in the cervical region, whose severity gradually progresses in the absence of adequate treatment.

It is worth noting that the process of intracellular changes, starting with mild dysplasia, which can also turn into papillomatous malformation of the skin, and ending with the fact of invasive cancer of the cervix, is quite long and, according to various statistical research data, can last for 3-15 years. depending on the specific presence of risk factors, as well as the characteristics of the immune system.

Mild dysplasia can often be reversed once the infection is eliminated, which in turn leads to ambiguity about the real significance of various intracellular lesions as potential risk factors for cancer.

The role of screening examinations

Given these features of the existence, as well as the development of HPV, the role of preventive screening examinations becomes clear. In developed countries with adequate screening systems, such as Switzerland or Finland, scientists have been able to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by about 40-60 percent over the past 10 years.

Approaches to the screening process in different countries differ, in particular, the interval between examinations (usually from 1 to 5 years). The essence of the examination itself is to take a smear from the cervix for the purpose of cytological (cellular) examination or from the cervical canal to identify the fact of HPV carriage. Actually, approaches to the detection of an infectious disease in samples taken from the cervical canal have also changed significantly recently.

If a couple of years ago it was fundamental to identify highly oncogenic strains of infection in general, today not only the unjustified method is considered proven, but also, to a certain extent, the harmfulness of such tactics. This fact is due to the fact that in order to integrate the infection into the cell genome, taking into account the subsequent development of the pathological process, its sufficient (threshold) concentration is required, which, as a rule, is 10 * 5 copies of the strain in 1 milliliter of the sample. Scientists believe that a lower concentration of infection cannot ensure the full development of dysplasia, as well as cervical cancer, as a result of which it always ends in self-elimination.

Therefore, the detection of such a subthreshold clinically insignificant concentration of the virus in a patient does not make any practical sense, however, it can cause extremely negative psychological consequences, for example, when a woman who is aware of the carcinogenic effect of HPV is aware of herself as a potential carrier, but has no idea how to properly interpret this situation.

This is often aggravated by the lack of awareness of this issue on the part of some medical representatives, who, with their authoritative opinion about the presence of an incomprehensible disease, can aggravate and only prolong the stress associated with the examination process itself.

Treatment of papillomavirus infection

If HPV carriage is detected, subsequent tactics are determined based on the age of the patient, taking into account the study of the results of a cytological examination of material taken from the cervix. however, we note right away that the cure for papillomavirus has not been fully invented.

For example, if a woman is a potential carrier of HPV, but the doctor does not see any pathological changes in the cervix, while the cytological smear shows a positive reaction, then she should not panic and conduct various additional studies that are distinguished by their high cost.

In the future, she just needs to visit her gynecologist in a timely manner at least once every six months, while simultaneously monitoring the indicators of a cytological smear taken from the cervix, as well as checking for the presence and condition of HPV. You should be aware that the probability of self-destruction of the infection is very high! If HPV carriage is detected along with pathological changes in the cervical region, which have been proven cytologically and colposcopically, such expectant management may be acceptable only in adolescents or pregnant women, and only if there are moderately pronounced changes.

The most radical treatment option for precancerous pathology in the cervix is ​​considered to be excision of the altered area through the use of a high-temperature electric or radio wave knife. A similar procedure is carried out in practice under local anesthesia and in a consultation, but in some cases short-term intravenous anesthesia may be used. The resulting excised area must be sent for histological examination.

In addition, doctors can prescribe drugs based on interferons that stimulate local immunity and accelerate not only the elimination of the virus, but also the direct healing of the cervix due to excision.

From the point of view of evidence-based medicine, only local (in the genital area) use of such drugs is considered justified. Undoubtedly, radical surgical treatment of the disease cannot guarantee the absence of consequences in women planning a pregnancy soon.

Excision of tissue in the area of ​​the cervix, in particular the cervical canal, in the event of a subsequent pregnancy, can be fraught with isthmic-cervical insufficiency, when the muscular part of the uterine os will not be able to adequately hold the fetal egg. And this, you understand, in most cases leads to termination of pregnancy and almost always requires surgical correction.

Therefore, in young women who are planning for pregnancy, such treatment should be carried out only on strict indications. It should be noted that in such a group, an alternative may be the destruction of the pathological focus through the use of a cryosurgical method or the use of a carbon dioxide laser. Tissue trauma in this case is much less, as a result of which the consequences for potential reproductive function will not be so deplorable.

However, a significant disadvantage of such techniques is the impossibility of examining the altered tissue, which in case of an inadequate assessment of the state of the neck before the operation or a deep lesion, when it is not possible to obtain or examine the correct smear, can be the cause of a fatal error.

In any case, there is a way out of this situation, and it is completely simple - a mandatory biopsy will be required, in other words, obtaining a small piece of modified tissue using a special tool. Such a procedure is carried out before a cryo or laser procedure, while after receiving a conclusion regarding the good quality of the process without any risk to health, it is already possible to carry out gentle treatment.

Despite the radical nature of surgical treatment, the likelihood of a recurrence of the process is high. Often this is due to the practical non-compliance with the recommendations of the surgeon in the postoperative period and the continuation of an extremely active sexual lifestyle, which is a fact of re-infection. In other words, treatment in such a case will be more and more difficult, while the risk of increased infection aggression against the organ is ever higher.

A significant breakthrough in terms of prevention of human papillomavirus infection was observed in the last decade. For example, in 2005, clinical studies on the study of a preventive vaccine that helps get rid of infections of types 6,11, 16, 18 showed their effectiveness, as a result of which the vaccine went on free sale in almost all countries of the world.

In addition, in developed countries, the vaccine was included in the state programs of preventive vaccinations, in other words, all stages of treatment through the introduction of the vaccine were carried out completely free of charge at the expense of the state budget. The vaccine against papillomavirus infection was obtained by genetic engineering, which is why it does not contain any live, killed or weakened viral particles, that is, infection with the virus will not be caused.

At this stage of time, research is ongoing in the field of cross-efficacy in relation to other highly oncogenic types of the virus, taking into account the possible therapeutic effect. In addition, the question of the importance of repeating vaccination after the expiration of its guaranteed effect has not yet been considered.

Modern vaccines have a validity period of 5 years.

Many questions have to be addressed after the diagnosis of HPV type 16 in women: treatment, how to live, what to do? But you should not despair, because, despite the fact that type 16 is particularly aggressive and oncogenic, modern medicine knows a lot of methods to deal with it.

Features of HPV treatment in women

The only drug capable of completely destroying the virus once and for all has not yet been invented. Relatively recently, Panavir appeared on sale. This drug is administered intravenously and is able to destroy a large number of viruses. However, a complete recovery from HPV after its use still does not occur. The struggle has to be carried out with the use of auxiliary drugs.

Treatment of HPV 16 does not occur according to any one, clear scheme for everyone, it must be selected by the doctor in each individual case.

The two-component treatment option has proven itself best. In this case, the patient is prescribed special antiviral drugs that are able to overcome the human papillomavirus types 16 and 18, and a surgical method is prescribed for the treatment of genital warts - warts characteristic of this virus on the body. Such a set of measures, as statistics show, is estimated at 80-90%.

If the desired effect from such treatment does not occur, the patient is prescribed a three-component scheme. In this case, the use of immunomodulators joins the surgical method and antiviral drugs. Although the latter are distinguished by numerous side effects, HPV 16 therapy in women is not complete without them. Doctors should prescribe any immunomodulators taking into account the patient's immunogram.

Treatment of infection should be carried out even in cases where there are no obvious symptoms, because HPV type 16 DNA contains transforming and infectious components, as a result of which a complication can develop almost at any time. Highly specialized specialists should diagnose and prescribe the treatment of this virus: an infectious disease specialist, an oncologist, a gynecologist or an immunologist.

Main medical drugs

The first group of mandatory drugs that can overcome papillomavirus includes antiviral agents:

The drugs of the second group are immunomodulators. The following are the most popular:

1. Likopid. Quickly activates the immune system to fight the human papillomavirus. Has the form of tablets. Among the main side effects of this remedy is an increased body temperature during the first days of use (up to 38 ° C).
2. Immunomax. It is impossible to cure HPV 16 only with its help. However, it is able to well enhance the effect of antiviral drugs and is often used in combination with destructive methods. Although side effects after using this remedy have not yet been found, it is not recommended to use it during pregnancy, lactation, with possible allergic reactions to the components.
3. Isoprinosine. This is an adjuvant that can enhance the effect of antiviral drugs. Produced in the form of tablets and is particularly effective. However, it has many contraindications and can cause numerous adverse reactions. That is why without a comprehensive examination, including an immunogram, this drug is not used.

Preparations for the fight against papillomavirus at home

If the papillomas are small in size or located on the face (photo 1), in this case, doctors recommend using the following special medications to deal with them:

Modern surgical methods for removing condyloma

If medications do not help get rid of papillomas, or the processes are too large, located in places that cannot be lubricated with chemical medications (vagina, inguinal cavity, mammary gland), doctors may recommend surgical methods of treatment:

Traditional medicine in the fight against HPV in women

Alternative medicine offers its own methods that make it possible to destroy papillomavirus. For a general strengthening of the immune system, it is proposed to take a decoction of a collection of herbs daily. In this case, the following will be appropriate: clover flowers, violets, St. John's wort (all its parts), calamus roots, plantain leaves, dill seeds.

1. Egg. Only the protein part of the egg should be applied to the papilloma in layers. Little liquid is needed, but the use should be frequent. Within a few days, the papilloma should completely dry out and fall off.
2. Castor oil. Since this tool contains an acid that is especially dangerous for neoplasm, it must be applied in several layers. The advantage of the method is that the oil does not damage healthy tissues. After spreading the papilloma, it is better to cover it with a plaster.
3. Home ointment. Only 2 components are needed for its preparation: ground walnut (in the ripening stage, green) and castor oil. By combining them, you need to insist for about 2 weeks, until the infusion gets the desired consistency. You can apply the remedy to the growth several times a day.

With external manifestations, treatment (the virus in this case is especially active) can also be carried out using herbal remedies:

• dandelion - having made a cologne infusion on its basis, you need to apply the product daily to the neoplasm;
• chestnut - added to the hot bath, which the patient should take;
• celandine - just a few drops a day are enough for the papilloma to completely disappear after 1-2 weeks.

What to do when carrying?

As a rule, pregnancy with HPV 16 proceeds well. This diagnosis cannot, as practice shows, affect the pathological changes in the development of the fetus and the complications of pregnancy. Papillomavirus itself is not an indication for a caesarean section. If the woman's organs have not undergone negative changes due to HPV, the birth occurs naturally. The likelihood that the baby will become infected during childbirth, as noted by pediatricians, is small.

However, there are situations when the virus still causes certain changes in the tissues of the cervix. To exclude the development of cancer, even during pregnancy, a woman undergoes systematic examinations by a gynecologist, takes smears for cytology. HPV therapy during childbearing, as a rule, is not carried out. Antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs can cause negative consequences for the baby, so they are prescribed after childbirth.

The presence of genital warts on the walls of the internal genital organs of a woman can become a cause that interferes with normal childbearing. Especially often, a caesarean section is performed if the papillomas have already reached a large size and cause slight bleeding.

If a woman feels well and there are no other problems with pregnancy, surgical removal of the formations can be performed even during pregnancy.

However, it is quite difficult to give birth on your own after such a manipulation: the organs will be injured after the intervention. In addition, there may be scars, scars that make it difficult for the normal contraction of the uterus. The best option is to be screened for the presence of human papillomavirus at the stage of pregnancy planning. Having been treated in a timely manner, a woman will be able to be confident in the protection of her unborn baby and normal childbirth.

How to behave with HPV?

Although HPV 16 can have a very negative effect on the female body, do not despair. The main task after the established diagnosis is high-quality and long-term (within several months) treatment. A woman with this diagnosis should be systematically examined by a gynecologist. Papillomas can occur not only on the skin from the outside, but also damage the internal genital organs. Often in this case, tumor markers are given for cervical cancer.

Continuous support of the immune system is one of the key tasks in HPV. To overcome the human papillomavirus type 16, a woman must sleep well, eat right, maintain and strengthen the immune system. Hardening, sports, vitamin kits, the systematic use of greens, fresh vegetables, berry fruit drinks - without all this, you should not count on a positive result of treatment with antiviral drugs.

Be sure a woman should give up bad habits such as smoking or excessive drinking. The likelihood of erosion, dysplasia and cervical cancer from this increases significantly. Do not worry that HPV 16 and pregnancy are incompatible. After consulting with doctors, you can choose an effective treatment regimen that will ensure the safest conception and birth of a baby.

Do not resort to dubious methods of removing papillomas on the body. Type 16 virus is characterized by increased oncogenicity, and therefore even mild injuries to papillomas can lead to the development of cancer. Thus, it can be argued that HPV type 16 is a dangerous disease for a woman's health, but it can be fought. That is why, after establishing a diagnosis, a woman should definitely consult a doctor and find out if HPV can be cured, and how to protect her partner from the disease.

Features of the treatment of papillomavirus in women: methods and preparations

The human papillomavirus is dangerous for the female body, especially for the organs of the reproductive system. The DNA of the virus is introduced into a human cell, changing its structure, causing uncontrolled division, which results in neoplasms in the vulva, perianal zone, and on the cervix. Treatment of women from papillomavirus is aimed at eliminating clinical manifestations by removing neoplasms, as well as strengthening the body's immune response.

When and how to treat?

Medicine has not yet confirmed the existence of drugs that can completely cure a person of HPV. However, the complex treatment of HPV with drugs from the group of immunomodulators and antiviral agents, as well as the removal of neoplasms by various methods, has a positive result confirmed in many cases of diseases.

It is impossible to cure the papillomavirus forever and in a short time. However, the use of antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs will prevent the spread of the disease, malignancy of neoplasms. Medicamentous methods - medicines (tablets, injections, suppositories) are prescribed only after the diagnosis is made by the attending physician:

1. If non-oncogenic or low-risk HPV is detected, treatment is not required. Control is carried out in a year.
2. If HPV from a high oncogenic risk group is detected in the analyzes - without clinical manifestations - no treatment is required, control every 3 months. In the presence of symptoms - their elimination, immunostimulating and antiviral therapy. Monitoring the results of treatment every 3 months.
3. In malignant forms of clinical manifestations, an oncologist's consultation and further examination are necessary.

Comprehensive treatment of HPV in women consists of taking medications, using ointments and suppositories, as well as destructive removal of genital warts and warts.

The choice of means and methods of elimination is great, but almost all of them do not have a high level of effectiveness, which can lead to short-term remission and relapses. That is, for some patients, treatment can help get rid of HPV and forget about the disease forever, while others are forced to constantly fight this disease.

Medications

Drugs used to treat papillomavirus in women are divided into groups:

• immunostimulants;
• antiviral;
• homeopathic remedies;
• destructive drugs;
• cytotoxic agents.

The first three groups are available in various dosage forms - tablets, injection solutions, creams, ointments. Drug cytotoxic drugs and destructive agents are solutions for external use for the gradual removal of pathological formations.

Immunostimulants

They are used in the early stages of the disease only in the case of weakened immunity in the patient, according to the results of the immunogram. Most often, they are prescribed at the stage of clinical manifestations as part of complex treatment.

The purpose of immunostimulants is to activate, strengthen the protective functions of the body, increase the production of various types of immune cells, and promote the synthesis of antibodies that are aimed at fighting viruses and bacteria.

With three-component treatment, drugs enhance the effect of antiviral agents. Dosage forms of immunomodulators - tablets, creams, injection solutions.

The drug is classified as a highly effective drug, which was confirmed by research and described in scientific papers (Ershov F.I., Kovchur P.I., Bakhlaev I.E., Petrozavodsky). In 9 out of 10 cases of cervical disease in women, provoked by HPV, the virus was not detected in the results of the analysis after treatment with the drug.

Allokin-alpha is similar to interferon alpha, its function is to promote the synthesis of endogenous interferons, as well as antibodies aimed at fighting viruses and bacteria. If oncogenic HPV is detected in women, as part of complex therapy, the drug is prescribed at 1 mg every other day, the course is 6 injections, administered subcutaneously.

Immunomax

It is an immunostimulant that triggers the body's defense reactions by enhancing the secretion of neutrophilic granulocytes and cytotoxins, activating the action of macrophages that produce various bactericidal compounds. The drug is administered intravenously or subcutaneously. It is prescribed in a course of 6 injections, with a break of 4 days after the first 3 injections.

Isoprinosine

It is an immune system activator that has gained credibility in recent years. The composition of this drug includes inosine and salts of several acids that deliver the active substance through the cell membrane. Stimulates the maturation and division of T-lymphocytes, which leads to the appearance of specific antigens, enhances the activity of killer cells, increases the level of immunoglobulin G, prevents the reproduction of the virus by blocking the use of ribosomal RNA.

The drug is produced in the form of a solution for injection or tablets. The course of treatment is from two weeks to a month, depending on the degree of clinical manifestations. It is used for diseases of the cervix in women, genital warts and warts on the skin. Most often it is part of a complex treatment.

Gepon

Synthetic oligopeptide containing 14 amino acid residues. Increases the activity of the body's immune response to pathogenic viruses, bacteria and fungi. Getting into the blood, Gepon starts and enhances the production of interferons, increases the production of antibodies, prevents the reproduction of HPV, enhances the activity of neutrophils, which are the main components in the chain of the body's protective function.

Apply the drug topically and systemically. After removing the foci of infection, applications with Gepon are prescribed, as well as taking tablets orally 3 times a week. The dosage and duration of the course is determined by the doctor.

This tool is an activator of the immune system, has a similar effect with the drugs of the same group. Forms of release - tablets, solution for injections, suppositories.

The effectiveness of immunostimulants in the treatment of papillomavirus depends on the individual reaction of the human body, as well as on the complex treatment formula in which they are included.

However, in most cases, with a pronounced clinical picture of human papillomavirus disease in women, a regressive dynamics of the disease is observed, up to the disappearance of the virus in the body.

Antivirals

Antiviral drugs have not been scientifically proven to be effective against HPV. No specific drug has been developed to kill papillomavirus. Existing antiviral agents have a wide range of effectiveness, which depends on the stage and form of the disease, as well as on the individual response of the woman's body to treatment.

Antiviral agents are prescribed to reduce the viral load in the body, to prevent the reproduction of the virus. Drugs can be part of complex treatment or prescribed as monotherapy.

Viferon

A popular antiviral drug from the class of natural interferons. It has an immunomodulatory effect, forms a non-specific local defense of the body. It is produced in the form of a cream or ointment for external use, as well as in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. It is not available in the form of tablets or injections, since the action of interferon is neutralized in the stomach and is not absorbed from muscle tissue.

Altevir

It is referred to as natural human interferon alpha-b. It has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects:

• stimulates the synthesis of enzymes and cytotoxins;
• activates the function of macrophages, killer cells and T-lymphocytes;
• prevents the production of viral RNA in cells;
• prevents the proliferation of oncogenic cells, thereby reducing the risk of developing a tumor.

It is administered intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. The course of therapy for papillomavirus is prescribed by a doctor. The procedure is carried out once a week.

Roferon A

Interferon alpha 2-a, identical to human. It has an antiviral effect, stimulating the immune response in the form of neutralizing the virus or eliminating infected cells. It has a pronounced effect against tumors, as it prevents the growth of pathogenic cells. It is injected subcutaneously.

Means of destructive action

To cure papillomavirus in women, it is necessary to eliminate foci of infection - warts, warts, neoplasms on the cervix. In addition to surgical methods and special devices, removal by using chemicals is used:

1. Solcoderm - a solution for external use, consisting of oxalic, nitric, acetic and lactic acids, copper ions. It has a mummified effect on the treated tissue area, fixing it instantly, over time, the papilloma dries up and falls off.
2. Nitric acid affects the pathological formation of necrotic papillomavirus. After a course of external use (5 weeks - 5 cauterization procedures), the tissue of condyloma, warts dies and dries up.

Cytotoxic drugs

Podophyllin and Podophyllotoxin are made from vegetable resins. The first agent is available in the form of a solution, the second is more purified, produced in the form of a cream for external use and a solution. They are used for skin lesions caused by HPV, and are not recommended for condylomas on the internal genital organs. Apply to damaged areas of the skin with a course of up to 5 weeks with 1-2 procedures per week. They act as inhibitors of cell division, preventing the spread of the virus.

5-fluorouracil - a cream of 5% concentration for external use for the treatment of warts in the anogenital zone. Apply at night for 7 days.

Cytotoxic drugs can cause side effects in the form of an allergic rash, ulceration, edema and weeping dermatitis, liver and gastrointestinal dysfunction. They are contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation.

Forecast

The prognosis for the treatment of human papillomavirus is favorable, early diagnosis of clinical symptoms can reduce the risk of malignancy of neoplasms to a minimum with the help of complex therapy.

The papilloma virus has long been known to medicine, since it is he who provokes the appearance of warts in various places of the human body. Although such neoplasms look harmless, a relationship has been established between them and oncology, therefore it is necessary to know how to perform papillomavirus infection treatment with drugs in women, since they are more susceptible to such an ailment.

Methods of infection

The most common way that papillomavirus infection spreads is sexual contact. Although it is impossible to exclude the household option of infection. The virus can be transmitted to the child from the mother during childbirth.

Symptoms of papillomavirus infection practically do not manifest themselves in the female body. Having a healthy immune system, often a woman does not even suspect that she has such an infection. P Causes that aggravate the development of papillomas:

• smoking;
• stress;
• stomach problems;
• infections.

Usually a doctor is visited when they notice signs of the disease. For women they become genital warts or small bumps near the genitals. They are found to the touch when washing. Papillomas are painful when they are damaged - burning and itching are felt. Secondary signs of infection include muscle pain, chills, and fever.

Treatment of the disease

When the initial stage of infection is detected, tests are used to determine its type. The most common of these is PCR analysis. It allows not only to identify the infection, but also to clarify the method of its treatment.

The described disease is very dangerous for its complications, which requires high-quality medical diagnostics, a full-fledged test to determine the type of infection and subsequent adequate therapy.

The main task of treatment- deliverance of women from external symptoms of pathology. Usually the disease proceeds without causing concern. Because of this, few people suspect that they are carriers of the infection. Papillomas occur when immunity is weakened.

If no attention is paid to neoplasms, they can degenerate into a malignant tumor. Because of this, the therapeutic technique involves the solution of several problems. Among them:

• relapse prevention;
• stimulation of immunity;
• minimizing the risk of complications.

Therapeutic methods

Various methods have been developed to treat the infection. In addition to conservative therapy, surgical removal of growths, the use of laser and cryotherapy to eliminate them are also used.

Since it is impossible to cure the pathology with folk remedies, the following medications are used:

• antiviral agents;
• drugs on acids, alkalis and salts;
• immunomodulators;
• antibiotics;
• cytostatics.

Most often, neoplasms do not disappear by themselves - local treatment is required, for which various antiviral drugs are used.

To achieve a long-term remission, treatment is prescribed, consisting of taking several different medications. This minimizes the risk of relapse. If there are neoplasms on the genitals, women should visit gynecologist and venereologist. When growths appear on other parts of the body, a dermatologist will help.

Antivirals

All antiviral drugs have different uses. For women apply:

• oral medications - tablets;
• external means - ointments.

Among the pills prescribed for infection, the most effective are Isoprinosine, a drug that is prescribed simultaneously with other drugs, and Groprinosin. The last resort is pills that fight the virus and stimulate the immune system. The active substance of the drug destroys the structure of the growths, so the warts gradually disappear from the skin. But this drug is ineffective when a woman has genital warts on her genitals.

Modern antiviral drugs usually contain an immunomodulating complex, therefore, by prescribing them, the doctor will solve several problems at once - it strengthens the immune system and suppresses the activity of the infection.

Rectal or vaginal suppositories Panavir are very effective in the situation with the presence of papillomas on the genitals. This is a domestic remedy, the basis of which is an extract from potato leaves. Panavir stimulates the immune system, relieves inflammation and defeats viruses.

Among the external agents prescribed for papillomas in women, such ointments are especially effective:

• Acigerpin;
• Zovirax;
• Acyclovir.

These drugs can be prescribed even during pregnancy, when the gynecologist is sure of the need for treatment, although more often antiviral therapy is prescribed to expectant mothers after childbirth.

Comparison of antiviral drugs

Medications on acids, alkalis and salts

Drugs from this category are prescribed locally. Their action is based on the fact that active substances are able to burn out papillomas as a result of chemical reactions. Here is a list of the most common tools:

Immunomodulatory drugs

Since the papilloma virus is activated with reduced immunity, a full-fledged treatment is unthinkable without the use of immunomodulatory drugs. Only a doctor prescribes them. If relapses occur frequently, you need to visit an immunologist. Funds from this group have the following forms of release:

• rectal and vaginal suppositories;
• tablets;
• solutions for injections;
• suspensions for oral administration after dilution in water;
• ointments.

Women diagnosed with genital warts are usually prescribed rectal suppositories Viferon. Together with the treatment, they also prevent the development of oncological viruses. Candles are used simultaneously with antiviral drugs.

Neovir is used as a solution for injection. A drug is prescribed if a woman is concerned about other serious diseases - hepatitis, oncology, HIV infection, some forms of herpes. Likopid tablets are used when cervical papilloma lesions are observed. This medicine is allowed to be used even for little girls.

Commonly used to boost immunity vitamin complexes. The presence of vitamins in them is especially important from groups B, A, C and E. The doctor usually advises patients to adjust their diet so that enough nutrients are present in the daily diet. This greatly improves the state of immunity.

Antibiotics for the treatment of human papillomavirus infection

Although antibiotics cannot help fight the virus, they are sometimes prescribed to women who have an inflammatory reaction against a developing infection. "Female" inflammation, which provokes the papilloma virus, eliminate antibiotics belonging to the group of cephalosporins. More often prescribed tablets, sometimes suspensions, suppositories or intramuscular solutions.

All such drugs have a bactericidal effect. To treat inflammation, prescribe such universal antibiotics:

• Rifamcin;
• Kanamycin;
• Ampicillin;
• Penicillins.

Only the attending physician prescribes the form of release of the antibiotic, as well as its dosage.

In severe inflammation, combinations of several drugs in this group are used. At the same time, medications are prescribed that can maintain the natural gastric microflora due to the presence of lacto and bifidobacteria. It should be noted that usually the treatment of the disease does not require the use of antibiotics.

Cytostatics prescribed when a precancerous condition is detected. Medicines in this category disrupt the growth of neoplasm cells, change the process of division occurring in them. This delays the onset of oncological pathology. Most often, when a papilloma virus is detected, a high risk of degeneration into a cancerous tumor is prescribed for women:

The effectiveness of treatment with cytostatics for papillomavirus infection is quite high, it reaches 90% according to experts. If the treatment is chosen correctly, this will allow a woman to quickly get rid of neoplasms.

Papillomavirus infection is a whole group of diseases caused by the human papillomavirus. This microorganism causes various pathological conditions, most often it infects the skin, mucous membranes and is transmitted through skin and sexual contact. Common diseases associated with HPV:

• papillomas;
• Warts vulgaris, flat, plantar, filiform;
• Genital warts;
• Juvenile papillomatosis of the larynx (when a newborn is infected from the mother);
• Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

In addition, the influence of highly oncogenic HPV strains on the development of certain types of malignant tumors has been proven:

• cervix and body of the uterus;
• penis;
• brain;
• rectum;
• mammary gland;
• larynx and throat;
• lungs.

As can be seen from this list, the manifestations of papillomavirus are diverse, they occur in children, women and men. Each disease requires its own treatment. In this article, we will consider the issues of drug treatment of PVI, find out what drugs are used for papillomavirus.

The classification of PVI of the genital organs includes three groups of conditions:

1. Clinical forms i.e. visible to the naked eye. At the same time, the doctor observes exophytic condylomas, papillomas during a routine examination.
2. Subclinical forms. There are no visible manifestations, but epithelial tissues affected by HPV are detected according to the results of studies (colposcopy, cytology, histology) and analyzes (PCR).
3. latent forms. The analyzes detected virus DNA, but no clinical manifestations or morphological changes in cells were detected.

The latent form of the infection does not need treatment. Patients in this case are shown therapeutic monitoring. If a highly oncogenic type of HPV is detected, then it is recommended to take PCR, and for women it is recommended to undergo a colposcopy and a PAP test every six months. If the type is not oncogenic, then once a year.

The tactics of treating clinical and subclinical forms of infection is determined by the doctor and depends on the results of diagnosis, the severity and localization of the lesion and other circumstances, such as pregnancy, concomitant infections, etc.

When PVI of the genital organs is detected, it is necessary to treat both partners at the same time, this will make it possible to avoid re-infection and the return of the infection.

Operative and chemical methods of treatment

As a rule, neoplasms on the genitals (genital warts, papillomas) are removed surgically. Cryodestruction, excision with a laser, diathermocoagulation and other techniques are used. Neoplasia of the cervix is ​​also treated surgically: cryo-, diathermo-, laser and radio wave coagulation.

Good results with surgical removal of neoplasms can be obtained in 50-95% of cases, however, PVI is characterized by recurrence, so sometimes the treatment has to be repeated.

Another common method is the chemical destruction of altered tissues. For this, the drug Solcoderm is used. It is a solution for application to the skin. When applied topically, it leads to necrosis of altered tissues. Available in ampoules. Solcoderm solution will contain a mixture of concentrated acids:

• nitrogen;
• acetic;
• oxalic;
• dairy.

This chemical remedy helps with genital warts, plantar and vulgar warts, nevi. Only a doctor should use Solcoderm, it cannot be used independently without certain skills, otherwise you can get severe chemical burns. The affected areas are treated once a week, in total, 5-6 procedures will have to be completed to completely remove the neoplasms.

The advantage of this drug is that it is approved for use during pregnancy. But there is a minus - Solcoderm is contraindicated with a tendency to form scar tissue. In patients with this feature, visible scars may remain after application.

Other means are also used for chemical destruction: hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid, celandine, quinacrine solution, etc.

Cytostatics: podophyllotoxin and 5-fluorouracil

Cytostatics are drugs that inhibit pathological cell division and are used to treat cancer and autoimmune diseases. Locally, some substances with a cytostatic effect are applied to skin neoplasms caused by HPV.

Uses of podophyllotoxin

Podophyllotoxin is an alkaloid of plant origin that treats genital warts and papillomas. It can be attributed both to substances for chemical destruction, and to cytotatics. Contained in the preparations Kondilin and Kondilayn-Nycomed, presented as a solution for topical use (5%). Vartek cream containing podophyllotoxin is produced in Europe, but it is rare in Russian pharmacies. It is believed that the form of the cream is more convenient for application.

During pregnancy, this drug is contraindicated, since the toxic component penetrates into the blood in a small amount. But this remedy can be used at home to get rid of genital warts.

The scheme of application is as follows: with a special applicator, the drug is carefully applied to neoplasms twice a day for three days. Then they take a break for four days. And so on until the complete disappearance of genital warts, but not longer than five weeks. At a time, you can use no more than 2 mg of the drug, it is important to avoid contact with the skin.

Podophyllin is an effective way to eliminate genital warts, but it must be used with extreme caution. Possible allergic reaction, the appearance of severe redness, inflammation.

Use of 5-fluorouracil

This drug is used in the treatment of malignant tumors and fungal diseases. To get rid of genital warts, a 5% cream or ointment is used, as well as a solution. 5-fluorouracil is toxic, therefore it is not prescribed for pregnant and lactating women. Only a doctor prescribes this drug. It should be applied to the affected areas once a day for a week.

I would like to note that chemical agents allow you to quickly cure condylomas and other manifestations of PVI, but relapses are possible after a while. With normal immunity, HPV is removed from the human body a year or two after infection, but this does not always happen, so immunomodulatory and antiviral drugs have to be connected.

It is impossible to completely cure PVI with the help of such drugs, they only help the body cope with the infection on its own. And so far, no drugs have been invented to destroy viruses.

Medical treatment

Drug therapy is prescribed if the viral infection recurs, as well as with large and multiple lesions that are difficult to completely remove with the help of destruction. For treatment, antiviral and immunostimulating agents are used. They cannot be used on their own. Appointment by a doctor is based on the study of the immune status and other data.

Antiviral drugs purposefully suppress the synthesis of DNA and RNA of viruses in the ribsomes of cells. They are used alone (in the early stages) or in combination with other methods (in the later stages).

Immunomodulators activate protective cells - T-lymphocytes and monocytes, the production of their own interferons. Sometimes drugs have a combined effect, that is, they stimulate the immune system and suppress the reproduction of the virus.

List of the most commonly prescribed drugs:

• Isoprinosine;
• Immunomax;
• Panavir;
• Allokin-Alpha;
• Keravort;
• interferon preparations.

Isoprinosine

An effective medicine for PVI, which is often prescribed by doctors. It has both antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. With monotherapy, the drug is usually drunk for two to three weeks three times a day, two tablets (1000 mg). With combined treatment (surgical destruction or the use of cytostatics plus antiviral therapy), a different scheme is used - two tablets three times a day for five to ten days. The course is repeated three times with a break of a month.

A clinical study of isoprinosine showed that epithelial lesions completely disappeared in 88.6% of women with cervical neoplasia of grades I and II in 88.6% of women. At the same time, a relapse within six months was observed only in 2.6%.

Use during pregnancy has not been studied, and although the drug is considered safe and non-toxic, it is not recommended for pregnant women.

It is a synthetic immunostimulant that has few side effects and is well tolerated by patients. With exophytic condylomas and papillomas, it is prescribed for 10 days before the removal of neoplasms (1 tablet 10 mg twice a day) and another 10 days after. At the same time take any antiviral drug.

Likopid tablets from HPV should be taken at the same time of the day, without skipping, this is important for stimulating the immune response. Children under 18 years of age and the elderly are prescribed the drug at a dosage of 1 mg. Likopid is contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women.

Immunomax

Doctors consider this herbal preparation to be promising in the treatment of PVI in women and men due to the fact that it stimulates antiviral immunity. Immunomax is produced in powder packaged in vials for injection. It is prescribed after surgical removal of neoplasms to prevent relapse.

A solution is prepared from the powder, which is then injected intramuscularly. The injection is made on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after treatment. The course is repeated on the 8th, 9th, and 10th day.

Panavir

The herbal medicine has an antiviral and immunomodulatory effect. Available in different forms: vaginal and rectal suppositories (candles), solution for intravenous injection, gel.

Injections give a systemic effect. They are used in the treatment of PVI as part of complex therapy. It is possible to use for pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester with the permission of a doctor. The course of treatment lasts two weeks. The first injection is done three times with a break of two days. In the second - twice with a break of three days.

Rectal suppositories are prescribed in the same way, that is, they can replace injections if the patient does not tolerate them well.

Gel and vaginal suppositories - means for local action. They are prescribed after removal of neoplasms to relieve inflammation, accelerate healing and prevent recurrence of infection.

Allokin Alpha

This tool also has a combined effect: antiviral and stimulating the immune system. It is produced in the form of a powder in ampoules, from which a solution for injection is prepared. Usually the patient is given 6 injections every other day, the drug is administered in an amount of 1 mg.

Allokin-Alpha significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and reappearance of skin neoplasms. Recommended for both women and men, but shows the best results in the early stages of the disease. Fresh neoplasms can pass without surgical intervention. Not intended for children and pregnant women.

Keravorth

This cream, containing the synthetic immunomodulator imichimod (5%), is used in the complex treatment of only external genital warts in men and women. For the treatment of neoplasms in the urethra, on the cervix, in the rectum and in other areas is not recommended. It is applied to the skin three times a week at night, and in the morning it is washed off with warm water and soap.

Pregnant women are prescribed exclusively for strict indications, with multiple formations. Released by prescription. The drug is effective, but often causes itching and pain at the site of application.

Interferon preparations

Interferons are proteins that the human body produces in response to the penetration of the virus. In recent years, drugs based on interferons, obtained from donated blood or using microbiological and genetic engineering methods, have begun to be produced.

Interferon preparations inhibit the synthesis of viral DNA, reduce its concentration in tissues (viral load) and activate immune responses. For the treatment of PVI, various agents are used as part of complex therapy along with antiviral drugs). Common trade names:

• Interferon human leukocyte;

• Interal;
• Intron-A;
• Cycloferon;
• Viferon;
• Altevir;
• Laferon and others.

They are available in different forms: injection, suppositories, gels, ointments. At the same time, injections are not prescribed for pregnant women, but the use of local forms in the 2nd and 3rd trimester is permissible as directed by a doctor.

Treatment of HPV in women with interferon preparations is effective. This has been proven by clinical studies. However, the use of these substances can reduce the production of the body's own interferons, so they are prescribed, taking into account the results of the immunogram. Otherwise, you can subsequently get a reactive decrease in the body's defenses and depletion of the immune system. The doctor, based on his professional experience, draws up a certain algorithm for the use of the medicine, which must be strictly adhered to.

The cost of interferon preparations varies greatly. For example, Viferon is relatively inexpensive, most often used as part of complex therapy after removal of neoplasms and for prevention. And Intron-A, which is used in the treatment of non-invasive cervical cancer, will cost an order of magnitude more expensive.