Orthoepy. Orthoepic dictionary
Among the 27 KIM tasks in the Russian language in 2019, there will traditionally be questions on orthoepics, so at the preparation stage it is important to learn all the words included in the orthoepic minimum of the Unified State Exam compiled by FIPI.
Orthoepy is a section of the Russian language that studies the norms and rules of pronunciation of words and stress placement.
Orthoepic norms in oral speech
Compliance with orthoepic norms is an important parameter for assessing oral speech, because incorrect pronunciation of words and incorrect stress hurt the ears of others and characterize the speaker as an illiterate and uneducated person.
Among the millions of words that everyone knows, there is a small group that many people find difficult to remember.
It is worth noting that the norms of orthoepy are not something static. Over time, the pronunciation of some words changes under the influence of a variety of factors. All modern norms are collected in an orthoepic dictionary, but to successfully pass the Unified State Exam in Russian in 2019, 11th grade graduates will need to know the orthoepic minimum well enough, which includes about 300 words.
Structure of KIM 2019
The Unified State Exam in Russian lasts 3.5 hours (210 minutes).
The 2019 Russian language pass will include 27 tasks, 5 of which will be aimed at testing the graduate’s command of the language standards of oral speech. Among these 2019 Unified State Exam tasks there will definitely be questions on the placement of stress in words included in the spelling minimum.
All ticket tasks will be divided into difficulty levels as follows:
Thus, for correctly completing 27 tasks, the examinee will be able to score 58 primary points.
List of words for spelling tasks
Especially for 11th grade students preparing for the Unified State Exam 2019, FIPI has compiled an orthoepic minimum - a mini-dictionary that contains all the stressed vowels in words that are difficult to remember.
We bring to your attention such a dictionary with a convenient division of words alphabetically and indicating the correct stress.
In one of the words given below, there is a mistake in the stan-nov-ke of the de-re-tion: INCORRECT you are on the letter, denoting cha-yu-shchaya stressed vowel sound. You-pi-shi-te this word.
by-call
From-ro-che-stvo
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Error in the word "accepted".
Let's remember two rows of words at once. These are the words of the group “accept” and “begin”.
We need to start studying accents. I began. Mom started. We started together, hurray! And we have begun now.
We would need to make a decision. I accepted. Mom accepted A. We accepted it together, hurray! And we are now ACCEPTERS.
I love these FAQs and NYAVs: all forms - with emphasis. Whatever one may say - STARTING, ACCEPTING, ACCEPTING - just a pleasure!
Answer: accepted.
Answer: accepted
Relevance: 2016-2017
Difficulty: normal
Rule: Task 4. Setting the stress
ORTHOEPHICAL NORMAS (stress setting) are checked in task 4.
Students are required to write down one of four words in which the stress is incorrectly emphasized - the stressed vowel is indicated by a capital letter. The answer includes the word unchanged, without highlighting in capital letters. Pay attention to the letter E: if the misspelled word contained this letter, it must also be written in the answer. For example, from four words:
locked
the first has the wrong emphasis. We write this word in the answer without change, with the letter E. Please note that the question of the possible writing of E instead of E is resolved simply: in front of each examinee at the exam there will be a form in which ALL permitted letters and signs are indicated. At this point in time, the letter E is in the sample forms.
To practice the skill of setting stress, RESHUEGE offers both words from the FIPI Orthoepic Minimum (2019) and words that are not included or excluded from it.
In tasks with an increased level of complexity, along with words with clearly erroneous stress, words with two stress variants are included.
FIPI Orthoepic Dictionary 2019
An important aspect of orthoepy is stress, that is, the sound emphasis of one of the syllables of a word. Stress on a letter is usually not indicated, although in some cases (when teaching Russian to non-Russians) it is customary to put it.
Distinctive features of Russian stress are its diversity and mobility. The diversity lies in the fact that the stress in Russian can be on any syllable of a word (book, signature - on the first syllable; lantern, underground - on the second; hurricane, spelling - on the third, etc. .d.). In some words, the stress is fixed on a certain syllable and does not move during the formation of grammatical forms, in others it changes its place (compare: tonn - tons and stena - stEnu - stENam and stenam). The last example demonstrates the mobility of Russian accent. This is the objective difficulty of mastering accent norms. “However,” as K.S. rightly notes. Gorbachevich, - if the variety of places and mobility of Russian stress create some difficulties in mastering it, then these inconveniences are completely compensated by the ability to distinguish the meaning of words using the place of stress (flour - flour, coward - coward, immersed on a platform - immersed in water) and even functional and stylistic consolidation of accent variants (bay leaf, but in botany: the bay family).
Particularly important in this regard is the role of stress as a way of expressing grammatical meanings and overcoming homonymy of word forms.” As scientists have established, most words in the Russian language (about 96%) have a fixed stress. However, the remaining 4% are the most common words that make up the basic, frequency vocabulary of the language.
Here are some rules of spelling in the area of stress that will help prevent corresponding errors.
Nouns
| AIRPORTS, stationary stress on 4th syllable bows, motionless stress on 1st syllable. beard, vin.p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable accountants, b. p.m. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable religion, confession of faith citizenship cheapness dispensary, the word comes from English. language through the French language, where the blow. always on the last syllable agreement document blinds, from French language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable significance, from adj. significant Iksy, im. p.m. h., motionless emphasis obituary quarter, from it. language, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable kilometer, in line with words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter... konus, konus, motionless. stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular. and many more h. CRANES, stationary stress on 1st syllable Flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s) | localities, family p.m. h., on a par with the word form of honors, jaws..., but news garbage pipeline, in the same row as the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline intention obituary, see catalog hatred NEWS, NEWS, BUT: SEE LOCALITIES Nail, nail, motionless. stress in all singular forms. part. Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager partEr, from French. language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable briefcase dowry call, on a par with the words call, review (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication) orphans, them. p.m. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable means, them. p.m. h. convocation, see call stolYar, on a par with the words malYar, doYar, shkolYar... Cakes, cakes scarves, see bows driver, in the same row as the words kiosk, controller... expert, from French a language where the stress is always on the last syllable |
Adjectives
In full forms of adjectives, only fixed stress is possible on the stem or on the ending. The variability of these two types in the same word forms is explained, as a rule, by a pragmatic factor associated with the distinction between rarely used or bookish adjectives and adjectives of frequency, stylistically neutral or even reduced. In fact, less frequently used and literary words are often stressed on the base, while high-frequency, stylistically neutral or reduced words are stressed on the ending.
The degree of mastery of the word is manifested in the variants of the place of stress: circle and circle, spare and spare, near-earth and near-earth, minus and minus, clearing and clearing. Such words are not included in the Unified State Examination tasks, since both options are considered correct.
And yet, the choice of stress location causes difficulties most often in short forms of adjectives. Meanwhile, there is a fairly consistent norm, according to which the stressed syllable of the full form of a number of common adjectives remains stressed in the short form: beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful; unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable, etc.
The number of adjectives with movable stress in the Russian language is small, but they are often used in speech, and therefore the stress norms in them need comments.
The emphasis often falls on the base in the plural form, as well as in the singular in the masculine and neuter gender and on the ending in the feminine form: right - right - right - right - right; gray - gray - gray - gray - gray; slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.
Such adjectives, as a rule, have monosyllabic stems without suffixes or with simple suffixes (-k-, -n-). However, one way or another there is a need to turn to a spelling dictionary, since a number of words “stand out” from the specified norm. You can, for example, say: long and long, fresh and fresh, full and full, etc.
It should also be said about the pronunciation of adjectives in the comparative degree. There is such a norm: if the emphasis in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in a comparative degree it will be on its suffix: strongA - stronger, sick - sicker, zhiva - livelier, slimmer - slimmer, right - more right; if the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the basis, then to a comparative degree it is preserved on the basis: beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder, opposite - more disgusting. The same applies to the superlative form.
Verbs
One of the most intense stress points in common verbs is the past tense forms. The stress in the past tense usually falls on the same syllable as in the infinitive: sit - sat, moan - moaned, hide - hid, start - started. At the same time, a group of common verbs (about 300) obeys a different rule: the emphasis in the feminine form goes to the ending, and in other forms it remains on the stem. These are verbs: take, be, take, twist, lie, drive, give, wait, live, call, lie, pour, drink, tear, etc. It is recommended to say: live - lived - lived - lived - lived; wait - waited - waited - waited - waited; pour - lil - lil - lil - lilA. Derivative verbs are also pronounced in the same way (to live, to take, to finish, to spill, etc.).
The exception is words with the prefix you-, which takes the emphasis: survive - survived, pour out - poured out, call - called out.
For the verbs put, steal, send, send, the emphasis in the feminine form of the past tense remains on the basis: slAl, sent, stlA.
And one more pattern. Quite often in reflexive verbs (in comparison with non-reflexive ones), the emphasis in the past tense form shifts to the ending: begin - began, began, started, started; accept - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.
About the pronunciation of the verb to call in the conjugated form. Recent spelling dictionaries quite rightly continue to recommend the emphasis on the ending: calling, calling, calling, calling, calling. This
the tradition is based on classical literature (primarily poetry), the speech practice of authoritative native speakers.
| pamper, on par with words To indulge, to spoil, to spoil... but: the darling of fate take-takeA take-under take-take take up turn on, turn on, turn it on, turn it on join in - join in burst-burst perceive-perceived recreate-recreated hand it over drive-drive chase-chased get-got get-got wait-wait get through - get through, They're getting through dose wait-waited live-lived seal borrow-borrowed, borrowed, busy, busy LOCK-LOCKED locked-locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.) call-call Call, call, call, exhaust put-klaL sneak - sneak lie-lie pour-lila flow-flow Lie-lied endow-endow overstrained-strained to be called-to be called tilt-tilt pour-poured narvat-narwhal Litter-LitterIt start-started, started, started Call-callIt Make it easier - make it easier wet yourself | hug-hug overtake-overtaken RIP-RIPED encourage take heart, take heart aggravate borrow-borrow Angry surround-surround SEAL, in line with the words form, normalize, sort, PREMIUM... vulgarize inquire - inquire depart-departed give-gave Unlock-Unlock revoke-revoked respond-responded Call back - call back overflow-overflow fruit Repeat-repeat call-called call-call-call-call water-water put-put I understand, I understand send-sent arrive-arrived-arrivedA-arrived accept-accepted-accepted-accepted force tear-tear drill-drill-drill-drill remove-remove create-created rip off Litter-Litter remove-remove speed up deepen strengthen-strengthen Pinch-pinch, pinch Emphasis on participles and gerundsThe most frequent fluctuations in stress are recorded when pronouncing short passive participles. If the emphasis in the full form is on the suffix -ЁНН-, then it remains on it only in the masculine form, in other forms it goes to the ending: carried out - carried out, carried out, carried out, carried out; imported - imported, imported, imported, imported. However, native speakers sometimes find it difficult to choose the correct stress location and in the full form. They say: “imported” instead of imported, “translated” instead of translated, etc. In such cases, you should consult the dictionary more often, gradually practicing the correct pronunciation. A few notes on the pronunciation of full participles with the suffix -T-. If the suffixes of the indefinite form o-, -nu- have stress on them, then in participles it will move one syllable forward: polot - hollow, prick - pricked, bend - bent, wrap - wrapped. Passive participles from the verbs pour and drink (with the suffix -t-) are distinguished by unstable stress. You can say: spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled, spilled (only!), spilled and spilled, spilled and spilled; finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished, finished and finished. Participles
|
Orthoepic Dictionary of the Russian Language - a dictionary of Russian words indicating their literary pronunciation and stress. Often spelling dictionaries and stress dictionaries are considered equivalent. However, the correct pronunciation of some words of the Russian language is reflected precisely by the spelling dictionary, as it notes unpronounceable consonants in the root (sun, agency), the pronunciation of [e] instead of [e] (baby, meringue, manager), the use of the letter e instead of ё (scam, a not a scam; engraver, not engraver), endings in words (demonic, not demonic; visa, not visa), the combination -chn- (bakery [sh]) and other norms.
List of ofroepic dictionaries indicating the author, title and year of publication:
- Verbitskaya L.A. and others. Let's speak correctly! Difficulties of modern Russian pronunciation and stress: A brief dictionary-reference book. M., 2003.
- Gorbachevich K. S. Dictionary of difficulties in pronunciation and stress in modern Russian: 1200 words. St. Petersburg, 2000.
- Ivanova T. F., Cherkasova T. A. Russian speech on the air. Comprehensive reference book. M., 2000.
- Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language: Pronunciation, stress, grammatical forms / S. N. Borunova, V. L. Vorontsova, N. A. Eskova; Ed. R.I. Avanesova. M., 1983; 4th ed., erased. M., 1988; 5th ed., rev. and additional M., 1989; 8th ed., rev. and additional M., 2000.
- Kalenchuk M. L., Kasatkina R. F. Dictionary of difficulties of Russian pronunciation: Ok. 15,000 words. M., 1997.
- Borunova S.N. et al. Orthoepic dictionary of the Russian language: Pronunciation, stress, grammatical forms. OK. 63,500 words / Ed. R.I. Avanesova. M., 1983.
- Vorontsova V. L. Russian literary emphasis of the 18th – 20th centuries. Forms of inflection. M., 1979.
- Russian literary pronunciation and stress / Ed. R. I. Avanesova, S. I. Ozhegova. M., 1955; 2nd ed. M., 1960.
- Avanesov R.I. Russian literary pronunciation. M., 1950; 5th ed. M., 1972
- Ogienko I. I. Russian literary accent. 2nd ed. 1914.
A list of accent dictionaries is provided at
bows, motionless stress on 1st syllable
beard, vin.p., only in this form singular, stress on 1st syllable
bukhgalterov, gender, plural, fixed, stress on the 2nd syllable
religion, confession of faith
citizenship
dispensary, the word comes from English. language Through the French language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable
agreement
document
leisure
heretic
blinds, from French language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable
significance, from adj. significant
monologue, obituary, etc.
quarter, from it. language, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
kilometer, in the same row with the words: centimeter, decimeter, millimeter...
konus, konus, motionless. Stress on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular. and many more h.
self-interest
Flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire
skiing
localities, birthplace plural, on a par with the word form of honors, jaws..., but news
garbage pipeline, in the same row as the words gas pipeline, oil pipeline, water pipeline
intention
buildup
enemy
ILLNESS
obituary, see catalog
hatred
NEWS, NEWS, BUT: SEE LOCALITIES
Nail, nail, motionless. stress in all singular forms
partEr, from French. language, where is the blow. always on the last syllable
briefcase
handrails
dowry
review (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (for publication)
beet
orphans, im.p.pl., emphasis in all forms of plural. only on the 2nd syllable
means, im.p.mn.h.
convocation, see call
statue
stolYar, on a par with the words malYar, doYar, shkolYar...
customs
Cakes, cakes
cement
centner
chain
scarves, see bows
driver, in the same row with the words: kiosk, controller...
take-under
take-take
take up
turn on, turn on,
turn it on, turn it on
join in - join in
burst-burst
perceive-perceived
recreate-recreated
hand it over
drive-drive
chase-chased
get-got
get-got
wait-wait
get through - get through,
They're getting through
dose
wait-waited
live-lived
seal
borrow-borrowed, borrowed,
busy, busy
LOCK-LOCKED
locked-locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)
call-call, call, call, call, call
exhaust
put-klaL
glue
sneak - sneak
lie-lie
pour-lila
flow-flow
Lie-lied
endow-endow
overstrained-strained
to be called-to be called
tilt-tilt
pour-poured
narvat-narwhal
Litter-LitterIt
start-started, started, started
Call-callIt
wet yourself
hug-hug
overtake-overtaken
RIP-RIPED
encourage
take heart, take heart
aggravate
borrow-borrow
Angry
paste over
surround-surround
seal, in the same row as the words form, normalize, sort, reward...
vulgarize
inquire - inquire
depart-departed
give-gave
Unlock-Unlock
revoke-revoked
respond-responded
Call back - call back
overflow-overflow
fruit
Repeat-repeat
call-called
call-call-call-call
water-water
put-put
I understand, I understand
send-sent
force
tear-tear
drill-drill-drill-drill
take off-take off
create-created
rip off
Litter-Litter
remove-remove
speed up
deepen
strengthen-strengthen
scoop
It's a pinch-it's a pinch
click
bingoschool.ru
Dates
- graduated from school in 2017;
Main stages of the exam
Video lesson about stress in Russian:
Read also:
Noticed a typo on the site? We will be grateful if you select it and press Ctrl + Enter
2018god.net
Dictionary of accents for the Unified State Exam 2018
- Dictionary of accents
- Orthoepic dictionary for the Unified State Exam
In the fifth task on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, you need to put emphasis on words. FIPI has released an orthoepic dictionary to help students. The spelling dictionary for the Unified State Exam 2018 includes:
- General information about Russian accent;
- Features of Russian stress are diversity and mobility;
- Reference material on the patterns of stress placement in words of different parts of speech:
- Accents in adjectives
- Stresses on verbs
- Accents in some participles and gerunds
- List of words for tasks on the Unified State Exam parts of speech: noun, adjective, verb, participle, gerund, adverb.
Download the PDF version of the spelling dictionary for 2018. Download
Or the dictionary of 2017. Download
A list of words from the vocabulary in the form of pictures.
Nouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Participles
Participles
Adverbs
accentonline.ru
| A agent alphabet AIRPORTS, im.p. plural B spoiled, pr. pamper indulge Minion (of fate) fooling around bAnty, im.p.mn.ch beard, wine.p.ed.ch. tookA TOOK accountants, b.p. plural IN Verba true religion tookA took As included included turn it on turn it on Turn it on joined invested during burst in perceived recreated will hand it over G droveA CHASING citizenship D old hyphen dispensary dobelA got it got there delivered to the top agreement waited Will get through They're getting through dose red-hot document Don't to the bottom leisure to dryness milker E heretic AND blinds, s.r.and plural. I was waiting veinAxis Z importedO imported envious folded ahead of time sealed seal took occupiedA took busy busy populated lockedA after dark | after dark called calling them It's calling Call significance significant winterer AND spoiled since ancient times X's imperial instinct will exclude Since ancient times exhausted exhaust TO catalog quarter kilometer KLALA glue konuses, konuses feeding self-interest KRALA sneaked taps more beautiful beautiful flint, flint heels bleeding bleed kitchen L lied Lecturers,lecturers kind.p. plural lila flowed dexterity skiing M native localities plural mosaic pleading garbage chute N TOP lied endowed overLong It's torn profited acquired profited - remove called As It's tilting poured poured poured intention hired narwhal buildup nasIt began startedA started STARTED started starting started begin started enemy ILLNESS obituary | hatred for a little while brought down news,news Nail, kind.n units normalize ABOUT security callIt It will make it easier facilitate got wet hugged As overtookA ripped off encourage encouraged encouraged encouraged be encouraged aggravated aggravate LEND Angry paste over surrounds SEAL will be defiled defined wholesale inquire, you'll find out departedA gave GIVING Review (for publication) disabled opened recalledA responded Boyhood P partner call backIt overflowed bear fruit repeated divided raising called A Will call, will call watered put put ponYav understood Understood, Understood briefcase handrails sent (you're right honors (she is right arrived arrived arrivedA arrived dowry appeal accepted accepted force accepted I started accepted tamed lived visionary percent | R vomited WITH beet drills drill (she) sera (you) sErs orphans plum removedA removedA bent createdA createdA convocation is littering means, im.p.mn.h. BY MEANS statue tableYar (she) is slim It) is slim (you) are slim T |
saharina.ru
|
Hyphen, from German, where the emphasis is on the 2nd syllable cheapness dispensary, the word comes from English. language through through French, where the blow. always on last syllable agreement document blinds, from French language, where is the blow. always on last syllable significance, from adj. significant Iksy, im.p. plural, motionless emphasis catalog, in the same row as the words dialOg, monologue, obituary, etc. quarter, from it. language, where the emphasis is on the 2nd kilometer, in line with words centimeter, decimeter, millimeter... konus, konus, motionless. emphasis on the 1st syllable in all cases in singular. and many more h. CRANES, stationary stress on 1st syllable Flint, flint, blow. in all forms on the last syllable, as in the word fire lecturers, lecturers, see the word bow(s) localities, gender, plural, on a par with word form of honors, jaws..., but localities |
Adolescence, from Otrok-teenager partEr, from French. language, where is the blow. always on last syllable briefcase dowry call, on a par with the words call, recall (ambassador), convocation, but: Review (on publication) orphans, im.p.pl.h., emphasis in all forms plural only on the 2nd syllable means, im.p.mn.h. convocation, see call stolYar, on a par with the words malYar, doYar, shkolYar... Cakes, cakes scarves, see bows driver, on a par with the words kioskYor, controller… expert, from French a language where the stress is always on the last syllable |
true, short adj. w.r. significant more beautiful, adj. and adv. in comparative art. most beautiful, excellent.st. kitchen dexterity, short adj. w.r. |
mosaic insightful, short adj. zh.r., in one next to the words cute, fussy, chatty... but: gluttonous plum, derived from plum |
pamper, on par with words Indulge, spoil, spoil..., but: darling of fate take-takeA take-under take-take take up turn on, turn on, turn it on, turn it on join in - join in burst-burst perceive-perceived recreate-recreated hand it over drive-drive chase-chased get-got get-got wait-wait get through - get through, They're getting through dose wait-waited live-lived seal borrow-borrowed, borrowed, busy, busy LOCK-LOCKED locked-locked (with a key, with a lock and call-call Call, call, call, exhaust put-klaL sneak - sneak lie-lie pour-lila flow-flow Lie-lied endow-endow overstrained-strained to be called-to be called tilt-tilt pour-poured narvat-narwhal Litter-LitterIt start-started, started, started |
Call-callIt Make it easier - make it easier wet yourself hug-hug overtake-overtaken RIP-RIPED encourage take heart, take heart aggravate borrow-borrow Angry surround-surround SEAL, in line with the words form, normalize, sort, PREMIUM... vulgarize inquire - inquire depart-departed give-gave Unlock-Unlock revoke-revoked respond-responded Call back - call back overflow-overflow fruit Repeat-repeat call-called call-call-call-call water-water put-put I understand, I understand send-sent arrive-arrived-arrivedA-arrived accept-accepted-accepted-accepted force tear-tear drill-drill-drill-drill remove-remove create-created rip off Litter-Litter remove-remove speed up deepen strengthen-strengthen Pinch-pinch, pinch |
spoiled included-on, see demoted delivered folded busy-busy locked-locked populated-populated Spoiled, see spoiled feeding bleeding profited acquired-acquired poured-poured hired started |
brought down-brought down, see included... encouraged-encouraged-encouraged aggravated definite-determined disabled repeated divided understood accepted tamed lived removed-removed bent |
poznaemvmeste.ru
Orthoepic minimum for the Unified State Exam 2018
The Unified State Examination in the Russian language is mandatory for school graduates. Many schoolchildren are confident that passing it will not be difficult, since for the majority Russian is their native language. Despite this, we still recommend showing responsibility and devoting several hours to studying the rules and repeating spelling norms.
Dates
The main stage of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language will traditionally begin at the end of May and will last until the beginning of June 2018.
The early stage will take place from mid-March to mid-April. You can take the exam in advance:
- graduated from school in 2017;
- those who received a certificate instead of a certificate of secondary education;
- graduates of schools with evening classes;
- planning to continue their studies abroad;
- 2018 applicants who completed the curriculum in advance;
- schoolchildren who, during the main stage of the Unified State Exam, must participate in events of national or international significance;
- eleventh graders who require treatment or rehabilitation scheduled for the date of the main exam.
At the beginning of September, students who received a low score or missed the Unified State Exam due to a valid reason are allowed to take the exam (documentary evidence is required).
Main stages of the exam
Each ticket includes 26 tasks, including test questions and writing an essay on a given topic. Next year it is planned to add a task that will reveal knowledge of lexical norms. Since 2016, the Russian Academy of Education has increasingly talked about the need to introduce the “Speaking” stage into the exam.
It is possible that in 2018, in addition to all of the above, schoolchildren will be tested on their ability to verbally express their thoughts, draw conclusions and argue their position.
What words are included in the orthoepic minimum of the Unified State Examination?
One of the differences between the Russian language and others is that the stress in words can fall on different syllables, and not as, for example, in French - only on the last one. Therefore, only a few can correctly place emphasis in words. To successfully pass the orthoepic minimum in the Russian language, you will have to remember about 300 words.
A complete list of words that are included in the spelling minimum of the Unified State Exam 2018 can be found on the FIPI website. We will list only those that cause difficulties for most schoolchildren: alphabet, airports, bows, willow, religion, on time, long-standing, dispensary, to the top, get through, to the bottom, blinds, enviably, spoiled, from ancient times, catalogue, quarter, kilometer, more beautiful, garbage chute, facilitate, seal, wholesale, adolescence, parter, rights, dowry, drills, orphans, plum, means, carpenter, cakes, chain, scarves.
How to get the maximum score
The first part of the ticket consists of 25 tasks. Successful completion will allow you to receive 34 points, which is 59% of the overall Unified State Examination result in the Russian language. Assignment number 26 is an essay, the maximum score for it is 24 points, i.e. the remaining 41%. Responsible preparation for the exam, concentration during the exam and confidence in your own abilities and knowledge will help you get the highest score.
Video lesson about stress in Russian:
The orthoepic norm is the only possible or preferred option for the correct pronunciation of a word.
In order not to violate this norm, you should simply look into the spelling dictionary more often. But there are also several rules that you can use.
Nouns
- In the nominative plural forms, the stress falls on the ending - and the ending -ы is unstressed.
For example: airports, cakes, elevators, bows, taps, lecturers, scarves.
- In plural genitive forms, the ending -ov is most often unstressed, and the ending -е is stressed.
For example: accountants, cones, lecturers, cakes, positions, news
BUT: localities, judges - In nouns of foreign origin, the stress usually falls on the last syllable.
For example: AGENT, alphabet, hyphen, dispensary, document, blinds, catalogue, obituary, quarter, parterre, apostrophe, percentage, cement, expert, fetish
BUT: flyleaf, facsimile - Often in derived words the stress of the producing words is retained.
For example: religion - confess, agreement, agreement - agree intention - measure, provision - provide, aristocracy - aristocrat, sign - banner
bAnty, fixed stress on 1st syllable
beard, V. p., only in this form units. h. stress on 1st syllable
accountants, R. p. pl. h., fixed stress on the 2nd syllable
religion, from: confess faith
citizenship
hyphen, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
dispensary, the word came from English through the French language, where the stress is always on the last syllable
agreement
document
leisure
jalousie, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
significance, from adj. significant
catalog, in the same row with the words: dialogue, monologue, obituary, etc.
quarter, from German, where the stress is on the 2nd syllable
self-interest
taps, fixed stress on 1st syllable
lecturers, lecturers, stress on the 1st syllable, as in the word bow(s)
localities, R. p. pl. h., on a par with word forms: honors, jaws... but: news
intention
ILLNESS
NEWS, NEWS, BUT: AREAS
Nail, nail, fixed stress in all forms of units. h.
Adolescence, from Otrok - teenager
briefcase
handrails
beet
ORPHANS, I. p. pl. h., emphasis in all plural forms. h. only on the 2nd syllable
means, I. p. pl. h.
convening
customs
Cakes, cakes
chain
scarves like bows
driver, in the same row with the words: kiosk, controller...
expert, from French, where the stress is always on the last syllable
Adjectives
- The emphasis in short forms of adjectives and passive participles always falls on the stem. But in the feminine singular form it is transferred to the ending.
For example: created - created - created, taken - taken - taken, busy - busy - busy, started - started - started.
significant
more beautiful, adjective and adverb in comparative degree
most beautiful, superlative adjective
kitchen
dexterity, short adjective. R.
mosaic
wholesale
perspicacious, short adjective g. r., in the same row with the words: cute, fussy, talkative... but: gluttonous
plum, derived from: plum
Participles
deliveredfolded
busy - busy
locked - locked
populated - populated
endowed
profited
poured
started
started
brought down - brought down
encouraged - encouraged - encouraged
aggravated
disabled
repeated
divided
understood
accepted
tamed
lived
removed - removed
bent
Verbs
- Many feminine past tense verbs have an accented ending:
For example: take away - Took away - took away - Took away, understand - understood - understoodA - understood, start - started - started - started; but: put - put - put - put.
- In verbs formed from adjectives, the stress usually falls on the ending:
For example: deep - deepen, light - lighten, cheerful - encourage, encourage
take - taken
take - tookA
take up - took up
join in - join in
burst in - burst in
perceive - perceived
recreate - recreated
hand over - hand over
drive - drove
chase - chased
get - get
get there - got there
wait - waited
get through - get through, get through
wait - waitedA
to live - to live
seal
borrow - borrowed, borrowed, borrowed, borrowed
lock - locked
lock up - locked (with a key, with a lock, etc.)
call - called
call - call, call, call
put - put
lie - lied
pour - lila
pour - poured
lie - lied
endow - endow
overstrained - overstrained
to be called - named
tilt - tilt
pour - poured
pick - narwhala
start - started, started, started
call - call
make it easier - make it easier
wet yourself - wet yourself
hug - hugged
overtake - overtaken
rip off - rip off
encourage
take heart - take heart
aggravate
borrow - lend
Angry
paste over
surround - surround
seal, in the same row with the words: form, normalize, sort...
inquire - inquire
depart - departed
give - gave
uncork - uncorked
revoke - revoked
respond - responded
pour - poured
fruit
repeat - repeat
call - called
Call - call You will call
water - water
put - put
understand - got it
send - sent
arrive - arrived - arrived - arrived
accept - accepted - accepted
tear - tore
drill - drill - drill
remove - removedA
create - created
rip off - tore off
remove - removed
deepen
strengthen - strengthen
scoop
It pinches - it pinches
click
Participles
STARTEDstarting
GIVING
raising
ponYav
arrived
Adverbs
duringdobelA
to the top
Don't
to the bottom
to dryness
after dark
more beautiful, adj. and adv. in comparison Art.
TOP
overLong
for a little while