Why is cervical canal scraping performed? How curettage of the cervical canal is carried out Curettage of the cervical canal and biopsy of the cervix.

All materials on the site are prepared by specialists in the field of surgery, anatomy and specialized disciplines.
All recommendations are indicative and are not applicable without consulting the attending physician.

With curettage of the uterus, a huge number of women of reproductive age and menopause face. The intervention is quite traumatic, but it happens that one cannot do without it, because gynecological pathology is very common, and in many medical institutions more gentle diagnostic methods are simply not available.

In our time, curettage has ceased to be the main method of diagnosis and treatment. They are trying to replace it with more modern and safe manipulations, which provide no less information for further patient management. In developed countries, curettage has long given way when it comes to diagnosis, and curettage is performed very rarely and more often for therapeutic purposes.

At the same time, it is not possible to completely abandon the method: not all clinics have the necessary endoscopic equipment, not everywhere there are trained specialists, and some endometrial diseases require urgent treatment, and then curettage is the fastest and most reliable way to eliminate the pathology.

Curettage of the endometrium and cervical canal is one of the most radical methods of exposure in gynecology. In addition, it makes it possible to obtain a large amount of material for histological analysis. However, the invasiveness of the operation causes many risks and dangerous complications, so curettage, or curettage, is usually prescribed for really good reasons.

curettage of the uterus

Curettage of the uterus is carried out only in the operating room - this is one of the main and mandatory conditions for the operation, the reason for which is that during the procedure severe complications can occur, for the rapid elimination of which there are no conditions in any antenatal clinic. In addition, general anesthesia required for curettage should also be carried out exclusively in a hospital and by a competent anesthesiologist.

Usually, a woman who is scheduled for curettage experiences a well-founded fear of the procedure itself and its consequences, especially if there are plans for childbearing in the future, so a qualified gynecologist must explain to the patient the appropriateness of the intervention in her case and take all measures to prevent dangerous consequences.

Indications and contraindications for curettage of the uterus

Separate curettage of the uterine cavity and cervical canal is most often indicated for tissue sampling for histological analysis, therefore it is called diagnostic. The therapeutic goal of the intervention is to remove the altered tissues and stop the bleeding. The reasons for curettage of the uterine cavity are:

• Metrorrhagia - intermenstrual, postmenopausal and dysfunctional bleeding;
• Diagnosed hyperplastic process, polyp formation, tumor pathology of the mucous membrane;
• Incomplete abortion, when fragments of placental tissue or embryo could remain in the uterus;
• Termination of a short term pregnancy;
• Dissection of adhesions (sinechia) in the uterus.
• Postpartum endometritis.

Uterine bleeding is perhaps the most common cause of curettage. In this case, the operation has, first of all, a therapeutic goal - to stop the bleeding. The resulting endometrium is sent for histological examination, which allows to clarify the cause of the pathology.

curettage with endometrial polyp

Curettage with a polyp and endometrial hyperplasia, diagnosed by ultrasound, eliminates the pathological process, and histology clarifies or confirms the existing diagnosis. When possible, polypectomy is performed through hysteroscopy, which is less traumatic, but just as effective as curettage.

Curettage after medical abortion and childbirth is not uncommon, when continued bleeding may indicate a delay in the uterine cavity of fragments of placental tissue, an embryo, and the formation of a placental polyp. Postpartum acute inflammation of the lining of the uterus (endometritis) is also treated by removing the inflamed tissue and followed by conservative antibiotic treatment.

Curettage can be performed as a medical abortion. So, curettage of a missed pregnancy, diagnosed at a short time, is one of the main ways to remove pathology, widely practiced in most countries of the post-Soviet space. In addition, a favorably developing pregnancy is terminated in this way if there is no possibility or the deadline for vacuum aspiration is missed.

A woman who decides on curettage during a normally developing pregnancy is always informed by a doctor about the possible consequences of the procedure, among which the main thing is infertility in the future. When scraping a missed pregnancy, there are also certain risks, so a competent specialist will try to do without this operation at all or offer a vacuum abortion.

Adhesions (synechia) in the uterine cavity can be eliminated with a curette, but this pathology is becoming less and less an indication for curettage due to the introduction of hysteroscopic techniques. After instrumental dissection of synechiae, there is a risk of their re-formation and inflammatory complications, so gynecologists are trying to abandon such a radical effect.

hysteroscopy

If there are absolute indications for curettage, then it is advisable to supplement it with hysteroscopy, because acting blindly, the doctor cannot exclude the insufficient radicalness of the operation, and the hysteroscope makes it possible to examine the surface of the uterus from the inside and make the treatment as effective as possible.

Diagnostic curettage uterus can be carried out as planned, when, during examination and ultrasound, the gynecologist suspected hyperplasia or tumor growth. The purpose of such an operation is not so much treatment as obtaining fragments of the mucosa for pathohistological analysis, which allows us to say exactly what is happening with the endometrium.

In the vast majority of cases, during curettage, the gynecologist sets the task of obtaining not only the endometrium, but also the lining of the cervical canal, which will be passed through by the instrument one way or another, so curettage of the cervical canal is usually a stage of one large operation.

The mucous membrane of the cervical canal has a structure different from the endometrium, but polyps and tumor growth also occur in it. It happens that it is difficult to determine where exactly the process comes from, but the pathology can also have a combined character, when one thing happens in the endometrium, and something completely different happens in the cervical canal.

Separate curettage of the cervical canal and uterine cavity necessary to obtain tissue from both parts of the organ, and so that it does not mix, the gynecologist first takes samples from one part, placing them in a separate container, and then from the other. This approach allows the most accurate assessment of the changes occurring in each area of ​​the uterus by histological analysis of the obtained tissues.

When prescribing curettage, the doctor must take into account the presence contraindications, which are considered inflammatory changes in the genital tract, acute general infectious diseases, suspicions of perforation of the uterine wall, severe concomitant decompensated diseases. However, it is worth clarifying that when scraping for health reasons (massive uterine bleeding), in the case of acute endometritis after childbirth or abortion, the doctor may neglect some obstacles, since the benefits of the operation are disproportionately higher than the possible risks.

Video: separate diagnostic curettage

Preparation for curettage

In preparation for separate curettage, a woman will have to undergo a series of studies if the procedure is scheduled in a planned manner. In an urgent operation, you will have to limit yourself to a minimum of general clinical tests. When preparing for treatment, you should not only take the results of examinations, clean underwear and a bathrobe with you, but also do not forget about disposable hygiene products, because after the operation there will be bloody discharge from the genital tract for some time.

Preoperative preparation includes:

1. General and biochemical blood tests;
2. Urinalysis;
3. Determination of blood clotting;
4. Clarification of group membership and Rh factor;
5. Examination by a gynecologist with taking a smear for microflora and cytology;
6. Colposcopy;
7. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
8. Electrocardiography, fluorography;
9. Examination for syphilis, HIV, viral hepatitis.

Upon admission to the clinic, the attending physician talks with the patient, who finds out the obstetric and gynecological history, clarifies the presence of an allergy to any drugs, and without fail fixes that the woman is constantly taking medications.

Aspirin-based drugs and anticoagulants are discontinued before surgery due to the risk of bleeding. On the eve of curettage 12 hours before the last meal and water is allowed if general anesthesia is planned. Otherwise, eating and drinking is allowed, but you should not get carried away, because the load on the gastrointestinal tract can affect the course of the postoperative period.

In the evening before the operation, you should take a shower, conduct a thorough hygienic washing of the genitals, and shave your hair. Douching and the use of vaginal drugs at this point are completely excluded. According to indications, a cleansing enema or mild laxatives will be prescribed. With excitement on the eve of the operation, you can take light sedatives (valerian, motherwort).

Uterus scraping technique

Curettage of the uterine cavity is the excision of the upper, regularly renewed, layer of the mucosa with the help of sharp surgical instruments - curettes. The basal layer must remain intact.

The introduction of instruments into the uterus through the cervical canal implies its expansion, and this is an extremely painful stage, so anesthesia is a necessary and indispensable condition for the operation. Depending on the condition of the woman and the characteristics of the pathology, it can be applied local anesthesia(paracervical anesthetic injection), but most women still experience severe pain. General intravenous anesthesia can be considered more preferable, especially in patients with a labile psyche and a low pain threshold.

Curettage of the uterus is carried out in several steps:

• The genital tract is treated with antiseptic agents.
• Exposing the uterine cervix in the mirrors and fixing it with special forceps.
• Slow instrumental expansion of the cervical opening.
• Manipulation of the curette with excision of the upper layer of the endometrium - the actual curettage.
• Removal of instruments, final treatment of the cervix with antiseptics and removal of fixing forceps.

Before the start of the intervention, the bladder is emptied by the woman herself or a special catheter is inserted into it for the entire duration of the manipulation. The patient lies in a gynecological chair with her legs apart, and the surgeon performs a manual study, during which he specifies the size and location of the uterus relative to the longitudinal axis. Before the introduction of instruments, the genital tract and vagina are treated with an antiseptic, and then special surgical mirrors are inserted, which are held by an assistant throughout the procedure.

uterine cavity scraping technique

The uterine cervix exposed in the mirrors is grasped with forceps. The length and direction of the organ cavity is determined by probing. In most women, the uterus is slightly tilted in the direction of the pubic articulation, so the instruments are facing anteriorly with a concave surface. If the gynecologist has established the deviation of the uterus back, then the instruments are inserted in the opposite direction in order to avoid injury to the organ.

To access the inside of the uterus, you need to expand the narrow cervical canal. This is the most painful stage of manipulation. The expansion takes place with the help of metal Hegar dilators, starting with the smallest one and ending with the one that will ensure the subsequent insertion of the curette (up to No. 10-11).

Tools must be carried out as carefully as possible, acting only with a brush, but not pushing them inward with the power of the whole hand. The dilator is inserted until it passes the internal uterine os, then it is held motionless for several seconds, and then changed to the next, larger diameter. If the next dilator does not pass or advances very difficult, then the previous smaller size is re-introduced.

Curette- this is a sharp metal instrument resembling a loop moving along the wall of the uterus, as if cutting off and pushing the endometrial layer to the exit. The surgeon gently brings it to the bottom of the organ and moves it to the exit with a faster movement, slightly pressing on the wall of the uterus and excising sections of the mucosa.

Scraping is carried out in a clear sequence: front wall, back, side surfaces, pipe corners. As fragments of the mucous curette are removed, they change to a smaller diameter. Curettage is performed until the surgeon feels the smoothness of the inner layer of the uterus.

Supplementing the operation with hysteroscopic control has a number of advantages over "blind" curettage, therefore, if the necessary equipment is available, it is unacceptable to neglect it. This approach not only provides a more accurate diagnosis, but also minimizes some of the consequences. With hysteroscopy, the doctor has the opportunity to take targeted material for histology, which is important if cancer is suspected, and also to examine the wall of the organ after cutting off pathologically altered tissues.

When scraping, only the functional layer of the endometrium is removed, which undergoes cyclic changes, “growing” towards the end of the menstrual cycle and sloughing off during the menstruation phase. With careless manipulations, damage to the basal layer is possible, due to which regeneration occurs. This is fraught with infertility and menstrual dysfunction in the future.

Particular care should be taken in the presence of uterine fibroids, which, with their nodes, make the lining bumpy. Careless actions of a doctor can cause injury to myomatous nodes, bleeding and tumor necrosis.

Curettage with endometrial hyperplasia gives abundant scraping of the mucosa, but even with a tumor, a large amount of tissue can be obtained. If the cancer grows into the wall of the uterus, then it can be damaged by a curette, which the surgeon must remember. During abortion, curettage should not be carried out before the “crunch”, since such a deep effect contributes to traumatization of the neuromuscular structures of the organ. An important point in the removal of a missed pregnancy is the subsequent histological examination, which can help determine the cause of the developmental disorder of the embryo.

At the end of the curettage, the doctor removes the forceps from the neck, performs the final treatment of the genital organs with a disinfectant, and removes the mirrors. The material obtained during the intervention is placed in a vial with formalin and sent for histology. If carcinoma is suspected, separate curettage is always performed - the cervical canal is scraped off first, then the uterine cavity with tissue sampling for histology in different vials. The mucosa of different parts of the reproductive system is necessarily marked when sent for analysis.

Postoperative period and possible complications

In the postoperative period, the patient is assigned a sparing regimen. The first 2 hours it is forbidden to get up, an ice pack is placed on the lower abdomen. By the evening of the same day, you can get up, walk, eat and shower without any significant restrictions. With a favorable course of the postoperative period, they will be allowed to go home for 2-3 days for observation by an obstetrician-gynecologist at the place of residence.

With pain syndrome, analgesics can be prescribed, and for the prevention of infectious complications - antibiotic therapy. To facilitate the outflow of bloody masses, antispasmodics (no-shpa) are prescribed for the first 2-3 days.

Bleeding is usually not abundant and can last up to 10-14 days, which is not considered a pathology, but with the development of bleeding, a change in the nature of the discharge (an unpleasant odor, a color with a yellowish or green tint, an increase in intensity), you should immediately inform your doctor.

In order to avoid infection, the gynecologist will prohibit the woman from any douching, as well as the use of hygienic tampons during the period of postoperative discharge. For these purposes, it is safer to use conventional pads, controlling the volume and type of discharge.

For successful recovery, hygiene procedures are important - you need to wash yourself at least twice a day, but it is better not to use any cosmetics, even soap, limiting yourself to only warm water. Baths, saunas and swimming pools will have to be abandoned for up to a month.

Sex after scraping is possible no earlier than a month later, and it is better to postpone physical activity and going to the gym for a couple of weeks due to the risk of bleeding.

The first menstruation after curettage usually occurs after about a month, but there may be a delay, associated with ongoing mucosal regeneration. This is not considered a violation, but the doctor will not seem superfluous.

The first 2 weeks should be carefully monitored for well-being. Of particular concern should be:

1. Increase in body temperature;
2. Pain in the lower abdomen;
3. Change in the nature of the discharge.

With such symptoms, the development of acute endometritis or hematomas cannot be ruled out, which requires urgent treatment by reoperation. Other complications are less common, among them are possible:

• Perforation of the uterine wall - can be associated both with the features of the pathology (cancer), and with the careless actions of the doctor and technical errors during curettage;
• The development of synechia (adhesions) inside the uterus;
• Infertility.

The possibility and timing of pregnancy planning after curettage worries many patients, especially young ones, as well as those who have undergone surgery for a missed pregnancy. In general, if the correct technique of the operation is observed, there should be no difficulties with pregnancy, and it is better to plan it no earlier than six months later.

On the other hand, infertility is one of the possible complications that may be associated with infection, secondary inflammation, and the development of synechia in the uterus. An unskilled surgeon can affect the basal layer of the endometrium, and then significant difficulties can arise with the restoration of the mucosa and implantation of the embryo.

To avoid complications, it is advisable to choose a clinic and a gynecologist in advance, to whom you can entrust your health, and after the intervention, carefully follow all his appointments and recommendations.

Curettage of the uterus is carried out both free of charge in all public hospitals, and for a fee. The cost of curettage of the uterine cavity averages 5-7 thousand rubles, separate curettage of the cervical canal and the uterine cavity with subsequent histology will cost more - 10-15 thousand. The price for the service in Moscow clinics is slightly higher and starts at an average of 10 thousand rubles. Hysteroscopic control significantly increases the cost of the operation - up to 20 thousand rubles or more.

Women who are shown curettage are interested in the feedback of patients who have already undergone such treatment. Unfortunately, it cannot be said that the impressions of the procedure were entirely good, and reviews are often negative. This is due to the pain that one has to experience with local anesthesia, as well as the very fact of intervention in such a delicate and important organ of the female body.

However, there is no need to panic in advance. A qualified doctor, confident in the absolute necessity of the procedure as the only possible method of diagnosis and treatment, will not cause irreparable harm, and curettage will allow you to detect the disease in time and get rid of it most radically.

After visiting the gynecologist, many patients are prescribed an operation for curettage of the uterine cavity. Some women also refer to this operation as a cleansing. You should not worry about such an operation, since it is not as scary as it seems, and now you will see for yourself.

Let's see what is curettage of the walls of the uterus and why is it used in gynecology?

The uterus is a muscular organ, doctors call it the pear-shaped body, since the shape of the uterus is very similar to a pear. Inside the piriform body there is a mucous membrane, the so-called endometrium. In this environment, the child grows and develops during pregnancy.

Throughout the menstrual cycle, there is an increase in the shell of the piriform body, accompanied by various physical changes. When the cycle comes to an end and pregnancy does not occur, the entire mucous membrane leaves the body in the form of menstruation.

When carrying out a curettage operation, doctors remove exactly that layer of the mucous membrane that has grown during the menstrual cycle, that is, only the surface layer. The uterine cavity, as well as its walls, are scraped out with the help of instruments along with the pathology. This procedure is needed both for therapeutic purposes and for the diagnosis of such pathologies. Curettage of the walls is carried out under the supervision of hysteroscopy. After the operation, the scraped layer will grow again in one menstrual cycle. In fact, this whole operation resembles menstruation, carried out under the supervision of a doctor and with the help of surgical instruments. During the operation, the cervix is ​​also scraped. Treated specimens from the cervix are sent for analysis separately from scrapings from the piriform cavity.

The advantages of the technique under the control of hysteroscopy

A simple curettage of the uterine mucosa is carried out blindly. When using a hysteroscope, the attending physician examines the cavity of the piriform body using a special device that he inserts through the cervix before starting the operation. This method is safer and better. It allows you to identify pathologies in the uterine cavity and, without any risks to the health of a woman, carry out curettage. After the end of the operation with the help of a hysteroscope, it is possible to check your work. The hysteroscope allows you to assess the quality of the operation and the absence or presence of any pathologies.

Indications for RDD

This type of operation serves several purposes. The first goal is the diagnosis of the uterine mucosa, the second is the treatment of pathologies inside the uterus.

With diagnostic curettage, the doctor receives a scraping of the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity for further study and detection of pathology. Therapeutic curettage of the uterine cavity is used for polyps (growths of the uterine mucosa), since there are no other ways to treat this pathology. Also, curettage can be used as post-abortion therapy, as well as for abnormal thickening of the uterine mucosa. Curettage is also used for uterine bleeding, when the nature of the bleeding cannot be determined, and scraping can stop it.

Preparing a woman for the RFE

With planned curettage, the operation is performed before the onset of menstruation. Before starting the operation, the patient must pass some tests. First of all, this is a general blood test, a cardiogram, an analysis for the presence / absence of HIV infection, an analysis for various types of hepatitis, as well as an analysis for blood clotting. The patient should undergo a complete depilation of pubic hair, as well as purchase sanitary pads. It is recommended not to eat before the operation. You should also bring a clean T-shirt, hospital gown, warm socks and slippers.

Usually, the operation to scrape the uterine cavity is not very complicated and is carried out within 20-25 minutes. After the operation, there should be no complications. In the postoperative period, the attending physician may prescribe a small course of antibiotics. Such a course should be drunk in order to avoid any complications.

Histology results will be ready within 10 days. If you experience abdominal pain in the postoperative period, you should contact your doctor.

I would like to note that the operation for curettage of the uterine cavity is the safest and most painless operation in the field of gynecology.

In most cases, curettage of the cervical canal is prescribed to those patients during whose treatment, conservative treatment did not give the desired results. Curettage of the cervical canal is used in the presence of such symptoms:

• extramenstrual bleeding;
• copious menstrual flow;
• pain in the lower abdomen.

Diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal is also necessary in the following cases:

• if the patient has pathological changes in the uterine mucosa on ultrasound. Only after the procedure for curettage of the uterine cavity and cervical canal, you can find out the cause of endometrial hyperplasia. For this, two ultrasound examinations are performed - before and after menstruation;
• in the presence of pathological changes in the cervix;
• before performing gynecological surgery (for example, organ-preserving surgery to remove fibroids).

Curettage of the cervical canal is an important component in the process of diagnosing the condition of the endometrium of the uterus. With the help of this study, the following diseases of the female genital area can be detected:

• uterine myoma;
• cervical dysplasia;
• hyperplasia of the endometrium (glandular cystic and other types);
• endometriosis;
• neoplasms in the cervix.

Curettage is an effective method for diagnosing the causes of infertility. The main thing is to contact a qualified specialist in a timely manner and start treatment.

Curettage of the cervical canal is carried out not only for diagnostic, but also for therapeutic purposes. The main indications for this procedure are the presence of polyps of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal. In addition, therapeutic curettage of the cervical canal is prescribed for those women who have been diagnosed with endometrial hyperplasia.

Preparing for the operation

Before carrying out curettage, it is necessary to follow all the recommendations of the doctor, since the accuracy of the results obtained and the absence of complications will largely depend on the correct preparation for the procedure. In cases where curettage of the cervical canal is carried out on an emergency basis, no preliminary preparation is provided. In all other cases, when the procedure is carried out as planned, curettage is carried out shortly before the onset of menstruation.

Women who are scheduled to undergo hysteroscopy with the removal of polyps should be operated on only immediately after menstruation. This is due to a decrease in the thickness of the endometrium, which is important for accurately determining the location of polyps.

Experts do not recommend a planned curettage of the cervical canal in the middle of the cycle, since after such a procedure severe uterine bleeding can begin and serious complications can occur. The main cause of bleeding in the postoperative period is disturbances in the functioning of the ovaries, caused by the removal of the endometrium of the uterus much earlier than the onset of menstruation. To normalize all processes in a woman's body after surgery, synchronization in the work of the ovaries and endometrium is necessary.

In addition, the patient is prescribed several basic tests before the curettage:

• general blood analysis;
• blood clotting test;
• tests for hepatitis, syphilis, and HIV infection;
• smears from the vagina, which are needed to identify possible inflammatory processes (if they are detected, the operation will need to be rescheduled and treated).

Procedure procedure

Curettage of the cervical canal is carried out in a small operating room on a gynecological chair. Before the procedure, the anesthesiologist asks the patient about the presence or absence of allergies to certain types of drugs.

Curettage is performed under intravenous anesthesia, the main difference from endotracheal anesthesia is a short duration and quick awakening. In most cases, 15-20 minutes is enough for the doctor to perform the operation.

After the patient falls asleep, the doctor inserts a speculum into the vagina (this is necessary to expose the cervix). Further, with the help of special dilators, the surgeon performs the expansion of the cervix and introduces a special tool for curettage of the cervical canal - a curette. Curettage is carried out slowly, and the resulting samples are placed in a separate container and sent for histological examination.

If curettage is carried out in conjunction with hysteroscopy, after expanding the cervical canal to the desired size, the doctor inserts a hysteroscope. With its help, a thorough examination of the mucous membrane is carried out and the presence of polyps and / or areas of endometrial hyperplasia is determined. At the same time, the removal of polyps is not performed separately, but in the process of scraping the endometrium. Upon completion of the scraping procedure, the vagina is treated with antiseptics. A few hours after the operation, the woman can go home.

Postoperative period

There are a number of restrictions that must be observed in the postoperative period:

• you should refuse to visit baths, saunas and pools;
• it is necessary to observe sexual rest within 2 weeks;
• within a month, do not use intravaginal agents and manipulations (tampons, suppositories, douching);
• physical activity should be limited for a while.

The body of a woman is a rather delicate system. And the main specialist who should take care of women's health is a gynecologist. It is no secret to anyone that for a woman, a consultation with a good gynecologist at least twice a year is not a whim of a capricious doctor, but the law of maintaining health.

However, during a routine examination by a gynecologist, many women are faced with the need to prescribe such a procedure as a separate diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal. In other words, women must go through a "cleansing". Often, doctors, perhaps due to their employment, do not consider it necessary to tell the woman in detail about the procedure itself and the need for it, hence the unreasonable worries and fear for the state of their women's health. In our article, we will try to explain the essence of this method in as much detail as possible and, if possible, in simple words.

What is scraping?

As you know, in the female body, the uterine cavity and cervical canal are lined with a special mucous tissue - the endometrium. During the menstrual cycle, the mucous membrane undergoes some changes. During the release of a mature egg from the ovary, the endometrium softens, which should facilitate the attachment of a fertilized egg. Thus, it is possible to approximately describe the onset of pregnancy. If the egg is not fixed on the wall of the uterus, then the endometrium is rejected, and the growth process is repeated every month. The curettage procedure is a surgical intervention to remove only the surface layer of the endometrium, which itself is regularly rejected if pregnancy does not occur. After the procedure, the process of growth of the surface layer of the endometrium resumes. This is about the uterine cavity, but the cervical canal can also be subjected to curettage for the purpose of diagnosis.

What is the cervical canal? The cervical canal is a part of the uterus that connects the uterine cavity and the vagina. Usually the width of the cervical canal is 8-9 millimeters, and the length is 1-2 centimeters. Moreover, the cervical canal on the one hand connects to the vagina, and on the other hand opens the uterine cavity. During intercourse, it is through the cervical canal that spermatozoa enter the uterus.

Preparing for the operation

To prepare for the WFD, the patient undergoes a series of laboratory tests. She takes a blood test for sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis), HIV, hepatitis. Preparation for the WFD involves a study of the work of the heart, the results of which are shown by a cardiogram, a smear on the flora and transvaginal ultrasound.

The WFD is carried out two or three days before the start of the menstrual cycle, curettage is also carried out during bleeding. Bleeding is accompanied by natural mucosal shedding, a natural process that avoids prolonged bleeding during the recovery period after surgery.

Before starting the WFD procedure, the patient is treated with a vulva and cervix. The area in which the operation will be performed is pre-treated with a solution of iodine or alcohol.

Indications for RFE

Separate diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal is necessary in the following cases:

If there are neoplasms of a malignant or benign nature in the cervix;

If it is necessary to perform an operation to remove a tumor on the uterus;

If there are pathological changes in the cervix;

If there is a problem with conception;

If there is an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the canal.

By the way, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal is called endocervitis.

Causes of inflammation in the cervical canal

Inflammatory processes in the cervix can be caused by various reasons. The most common are: 1. Inflammation of infectious origin. These include:

streptococcal infection;

gonococcal infection;

Chlamydia;

Trichomoniasis;

Candidiasis;

coli;

Staphylococcal infection;

Ureaplasmosis;

papillomas;

Herpes.

2. Inflammation of non-infectious origin. Among those:

Trauma of the cervix;

Radiation exposures;

erosion of the cervix;

Neoplasms on the mucous membrane of the cervix;

Descent of the cervix.

It should be noted here that for the most part, the cause of inflammatory processes of the cervical canal is inflammatory processes in the vagina, which then spread to the cervical canal.

Diagnostic curettage procedure

Separate diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal is a special kind of biopsy. It is widely used to find out the true cause of the disease, to identify an accurate diagnosis in diseases of unclear etymology, in the presence of obvious pathologies of the gynecological plan. The procedure is carried out under the control of hysteroscopy. This allows you to increase the accuracy of diagnosis at times. At the same time, the possibility of various postoperative complications is sharply reduced. When conducting a separate diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal, the mucous membrane is subjected to instrumental influences. In this case, there is a real opportunity to find:

Polyps of the cervical canal;

endometriosis;

Adenomyosis;

Hyperplasia of the endometrium;

Dysplasia of the cervical canal;

Cervical cancer.

Separate diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal is performed under general or local anesthesia, since it should be noted that the procedure is far from pleasant. With the help of a special tool - a curette, the cervical canal and tissue samples are scraped out, without fail sent for histological analysis. A few hours after the operation, the woman calmly goes home. Just remember that in a week you need to visit a gynecologist, conduct another examination and get the results of histology tests. In conclusion, I want to say, dear women, take care of yourself!