Close-up physical map of china. Maps of the world - how they look in different countries

China is a country ideal for tourism. It is in this country that peaceful rural landscapes and huge skyscrapers of megacities coexist.

China can rightfully be considered land of contrasts: the nature here is so different that it seems as if it is a completely different planet. Wild and lifeless deserts give way to infinitely high mountain slopes. The country impresses with its size, so a trip to China can satisfy the need for knowledge of every traveler.

State location

China or the People's Republic of China is located in the east of Asia. He is considered the most densely populated state on the planet and occupies second largest land area in the world, sharing it with Canada. China neighbors with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, North Korea, Mongolia and Myanmar.

In the eastern and southeastern parts, the state adjoins the Yellow, Philippine, East China and South China Seas; almost 3.5 thousand small and large islands are located on the country's territory.

China landscape in different regions it is very different: the southwest is occupied by the mountains of Tibet, the northwest lies on flat and hilly terrain, the western part of the country is occupied by the Great Plain of China, the northeast and south are hills and stone wastelands. Only in the southeast of China you can see the dense forests of the subtropics.

Administrative division

The territory of the People's Republic of China has three degrees of administrative division: provinces, districts, parishes. In turn, the provinces are divided into autonomous regions and cities.

China includes 22 provinces, there are three federal cities - Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.

There are five autonomous regions in the country, the main population of which are national minorities. Cities of federal subordination and provinces include 31 autonomous districts, 321 cities and 2046 districts.

The largest centers of the republic

Harbin

Harbin - one of the largest educational and financial districts Republic of China. The city is located in the province of Heilongjiang and occupies the position of the capital.

Harbin was founded by Russian pioneers only in 1898, it was originally intended as a station of the Trans-Manchurian Railway. In our time, in the most ancient regions, one can notice the details inherent in Siberian architecture.

Almost 4 million people live in Harbin.

The city has the largest in the entire Far East Christian Hagia Sophia made in Byzantine style. It occupies the place of one of the most important monuments of the history of the state. The cathedral was restored in 1997, after which it changed its name to the Harbin Palace of Architecture.

Tourism in China: the main attractions of the cities in our next.

Here is located buddhist temple jilesi, which is a sacred pilgrimage site for northern China, was built in 1920 of the last century.

Tourists from Russia will surely like the Russian historical monuments preserved in Harbin. One of them - tourist center Volga-Manor.

All the buildings here are made in the original Russian style, there are hotels, a small village, souvenir shops, business centers, cafes and restaurants that cook both Russian and Chinese national dishes, baths, saunas, swimming pools and more.

Nearby is the Pushkin salon, where you can learn the history of relations between Russia and China.

Located in the city Harbin Oceanarium which is popular with locals and tourists. Here you can observe various representatives of the flora and fauna of the Arctic. Also, for everyone, there are performances with the participation of polar bears, beluga whales and sea lions.

In the heart of the city is a favorite among tourists sunny island washed by the waters of the Songhua River. This evergreen island is renowned as a family-friendly outdoor destination.

During the winter months, the city hosts Snow and Ice Festival, which involves ice sculptors who came here from different parts of the world.

During the festival, almost two thousand ice sculptures are made, the best of which are exhibited in the local park and on Sunny Island.

beer festival is another favorite event that attracts brewers and connoisseurs of intoxicating drink from many countries.

Hong Kong

Hong Kong is located on the shores of the Indian Ocean. City divided into four parts: Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong Island, New Territory and Outlying Islands.

Hong Kong occupies the place of the largest industrial, commercial and economic region. Also, in the city there are magnificent reserves, parks and squares, ancient temples, monasteries and shrines.

Ancient villages, rural temples, livestock farms and graceful bays with spacious sandy beaches coexist here.

Almost all of the state trade, so there are countless variety of shops in the city. Travelers who come here can participate in local festivals, taste dishes of foreign and national cuisine. Almost all entertainment facilities open 24 hours a day.

The most interesting facts about China - see the following video:

China is a country that is ideal for tourist travel. Coming here is like stepping into another planet. The pristine nature and overpopulated megacities with their huge skyscrapers are so harmoniously combined here. Being the third state in the world in size, with a huge cultural history, China is able to charm and amaze any traveler.

China on the world map

The lands of this country are located in East Asia, having mastered a colossal territory of 9.6 square kilometers. In addition to the mainland, the republic owns the island province of Hainan and some small islands. The coasts of the countries go to the seas: Chinese (Southern and Eastern) and from the Eastern part to the Yellow. Two great rivers, the Huang He and flowing through its lands, originate in the depths of the Tibetan mountains. China has joint borders with the following states: North Korea in the North East; Russian Federation in the Northeast and Northwest; Mongolia in the North; Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Bhutan in the South; Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Nepal in the West; Kazakhstan in the North-West direction.

Maps of the People's Republic of China

The administrative division of the state has three levels: volosts, provinces and regions of autonomy. However, in fact, China considers local government to be five-level: province, district, county, township and village

1. The province (city district) has 22 units, the 23rd unofficially take Taiwan. The provinces also include autonomous regions of 5 units and 4 municipalities.
2. District (prefecture) of the city with adjoining agricultural land.
3. A county is a provincial rural unit. As of 2017, there were about 2,850 counties.
4. Parish. Settlements and territories inhabited by national minorities. There are about 40,000 volosts.
5. Village. Governed by a village committee and has no role in the country's executive branch.

A detailed map of China with cities and districts will tell you how they are geographically distributed.

physical map

Rich in beautiful places. Geographic will indicate the places that you like. Fans of mountain ranges will amaze the imagination of the Himalayas and the Tien-Shan slopes with their amazing resorts. Mountains give way to luxurious plains, fertile lowlands to deserts. On the map you can see all the beauty of the relief, the location of reservoirs and flora.

Economy of China

A color economic map of China with cities will tell you about the concentration of the country's manufacturing and mining industries, the location of the main agricultural lands. It will show the largest financial centers, such as the capital of China, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin. It will reveal the length of the railways, which are the pride of the country.

political map

On this map, you can take a closer look at the territorial division of the state by levels of local government and population. As well as lands disputed by the Republic with other countries for the right of ownership.

Provincial China

Map of China with provinces these are impressive administrative territories. The basis of statehood and government. Special administrative districts, cities of centralized subordination, autonomous regions, provinces, all these are the largest territories of economic importance, helping the authorities to competently and reliably manage the country.

The state border between our countries took its final form in 2005, after lengthy territorial disputes that ended in favor of China. The total length is 4209 km, it has both land and water sections, on the rivers Argun, Amur and Ussuri.

If you are going to the Celestial Empire, on a tourist or business trip, you should definitely purchase a new map of China in Russian in advance. It will help you navigate and explore this amazing country more deeply.

In today's article about the provinces of China, we will see the location of each individual province of China on the map. We will also talk about the population in each specific province and find out the name of the capitals. The article is part of a voluminous guide to China.

In China, the administrative division is reduced to the fact that the main territorial unit is the province. If you are wondering how many provinces there are in China, know that there are 22 provinces in China, two special regions (Macau and Hong Kong), as well as four cities of the central government (Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing and Tianjin).

Below you can see each province of China on the map. Some titles translated into Russian may differ from those familiar to you, so they are dubbed into English. Let's take a look at the general map with the provinces of China, and then alphabetically list each of them separately.

Provinces of China on the map

List of provinces in China

• Anhui
• Gansu
• Guangdong
• Guizhou
• Liaoning
• Sichuan
• Fujian
• Hainan
• Hebei
• Heilongjiang
• Henan
• Hubei
• Hunan
• Jilin
• Jiangxi
• Jiangsu
• Qinghai
• Zhejiang
• Shandong
• Shanxi
• Shaanxi
• Yunnan

Anhui

Anhui Province is located in the west of China, the capital is the city of Hefei (Hefei), the population is about 60 million people.

Gansu

Gansu is dominated by a desert area, relatively sparsely populated. The capital of Lanzhou has a population of over 25 million. The famous colorful mountains are located here.

Guangdong

One of the most overpopulated provinces, centered on the city of Guangzhou. According to various estimates, the population reaches 90 million.

Guizhou

Located in the southwest, the capital of Guizhou is Guiyang City. More than 35 million people live in the province.

Liaoning

One of the provinces with access to the sea. The population is more than 42 million, the capital is called Shenyang.

Sichuan

Sichuan is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful. The magnificent nature and mountains make this place very popular among tourists. The population is more than 83 million people, the main city of Chengdu (Chengdu). You can look at Sichuan on a map of China in the picture below.

Fujian

Located near Taiwan, the main city of Fuzhou (Fuzhou), the population of about 35 million inhabitants.

Hainan

Tropical island, main beach resort in China. Less than 8 million people live on the island, the capital of the island is Haikou.

Hebei

Quite a large province, very different in landscape in its different parts. The administrative center of Shijiazhuang has a population of just under 70 million.

Heilongjiang

The northernmost part of China. The main city of Harbin is very popular among our compatriots. Many in Harbin are studying or finding work. About 37 million people live in Heilongjiang.

Henan

One of the most densely populated areas in China. The capital city of Zhengzhou (Zhengzhou), the number of inhabitants is more than 90 million people.

Hubei

Neighboring Hubei has a more modest population of around 60 million. The center is Wuhan, one of China's most overcrowded cities.

Hunan

Located a little to the south, Hunan is famous throughout China for its stunning nature. The pearl of Hunan is the Zhangjiajie National Park. The administrative center is considered to be the city of Changsha (Changsha), about 65 million people live in the province.

Jilin

Located towards the north, with a population of more than 25 million inhabitants, the capital is located in the city of Changchun.

Jiangxi

More than 40 million inhabitants, the administrative center of Nanchang.

Jiangsu

About 75 million, the capital is called Nanjing.

Qinghai

Huge in territory, but practically not populated. A little over 5 million inhabitants, with the center in Xining (Xining)

Zhejiang

The number of inhabitants is about 50 million, the administrative center of Hangzhou (Hangzhou).

Shandong

The population is about 90 million, the capital is in the city of Jinan (Jinan)

Shanxi

Lives more than 36 million, the main city of Taiyuan (Taiyuan).

Shaanxi

The province is popular among tourists in view of the fact that its center is the former capital of China, Xian (Xi’an). The population is less than 35 million inhabitants.

Chinese ancient territories

Qing Empire (1644 - 1912)

Ming dynasty (1368 - 1644)

Yuan dynasty (1279 - 1368)

Northwest China
Yuan Dynasty (1279 - 1368)

Song Dynasty (960 - 1279)

Northern Song dynasty (960 - 1127)

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907 - 979)

Tang Dynasty 669 (618 - 907)

Complete Sui period (581 - 618)

Eastern Jin dynasty (317 - 420 AD)

Three Kingdoms period (220 - 280 AD)

These are maps from atlases on the history of China, according to which hundreds of millions of Chinese schoolchildren study. Looking at these maps of ancestral Chinese lands, you can easily answer a few very simple questions:
- Why are all the favorite dishes of the "Siberian" cuisine, such as dumplings, are actually traditional Chinese dishes and can be ordered in any restaurant in China?
- Why are all the indigenous peoples of Siberia and the indigenous peoples of the North living east of the Urals more like the Chinese than the Russians?
- Why do the Chinese easily endure frosts and can live and work without problems in the permafrost zone and in the Far North?

“After the Second Opium War, the Russian Empire, taking advantage of the capture of China by the army of Great Britain and France, occupied Chinese territories with the help of force of arms, vilely appropriated the lands of the northeast and northwest of China with an area of ​​​​more than 1.5 million square kilometers” - this is an excerpt from the Chinese an eighth grade history textbook from an item titled "Thieves' Behavior of Russia", it also notes "Chinese Northern Territories", including the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories of the Russian Far East, which Russia stole from China.

Under the auspices of the regional organization "Our Common Home Altai" international student meetings are regularly held, which attract students from Russia, China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. On June 9, 2006, a professor at the Altai State Agrarian University, Doctor of Philosophy Andrey Ivanov, who participates in international student conferences in the Altai Republic, reported that Western Siberia, up to the Tomsk region, is considered in Chinese history textbooks as "lost lands" of China.

According to Professor Ivanov, the Russian student shared her fears about the possible expansion of the Chinese into Russia, in particular, into Siberia. In response, a Chinese student said that this prospect should be taken lightly: "We are a growing nation, and we really will come here sooner or later." "Later it turned out," Ivanov said, "that the Chinese history books say that Western Siberia, including the Tomsk region, is temporarily lost Chinese territories."

China recognizes that the territories that went to Qing China under a treaty with the Russian Empire of the 17th century later became part of Russia, which took advantage of the weakening of the Qing Empire, under two "unequal treaties": the Aigun Treaty of 1858 and the Beijing Treaty of 1860. The Russian-Chinese border was finally established in 2008, but Russia continues to worry about hidden Chinese territorial claims.

Of course, the official Chinese map of the world does not in any way reflect China's claims to Siberia and the entire Russian Far East. Just like the official maps of Russia and the official position of Russia did not reflect Russia's claims to the Crimea and Novorossiya in 2013. The referendum in Crimea and its "reunification" with Russia were completed in just 2-3 weeks. China is ready to spend a little more time on the return of the "temporarily lost territories of the Middle Kingdom".

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia and the imposition of Western sanctions in March 2014, when Russia was excluded from the G8 group, 81% of Russians, according to a poll by VTsIOM, said that the Chinese leadership is friendly towards Russia, putting the Chinese regime in first place among other countries in terms of level of favor. Even the leader of past years, Belarus was behind the PRC. In fact, China has reduced investment in Russia, considering cooperation with today's Russia unpredictable. In early December 2015, the head of NP GLONASS, Alexander Gurko, complained that after the closure of Western markets for Russia, the Chinese raised prices for electronic components for the GLONASS system by 3-4 times. China allowed Russia to export grain from a limited number of regions, but only in bags, not in bulk. This made exports from Russia unprofitable and placed Russia on an uneven footing compared to other suppliers to Beijing. Russia is only China's 15th largest trading partner. Trade turnover between China and Russia in 2015 decreased by 27.8% to 422.7 billion yuan ($64.2 billion). The volume of exports of Chinese goods to Russia in 2015 fell by 34.4% to 216.2 billion yuan ($32.9 billion), while imports of Russian products to China decreased by 19.1% to 206.5 billion yuan ($31 billion). .4 billion). The Russian share in China's foreign trade fell from 2.2% to 1.65%.

Due to the weakening of the ruble, there was a good moment for investment, as labor and real estate became cheaper as a result. “Obviously, Russia was not in the center of attention of the Chinese,” said Yaroslav Lissovolik, chief economist at the Eurasian Development Bank. “Out of $27 billion in China’s direct investment in the CIS countries in 2015, Russia accounted for only $3.4 billion, against $23.6 billion. for Kazakhstan". In Kazakhstan, the Chinese are primarily interested in the extraction of raw materials and the creation of infrastructure for their own transport. The same applies to Russia, which is confirmed by the example of Leonid Mikhelson. The co-owner of Sibur and Novatek, Leonid Mikhelson, sold 10% of the largest Russian petrochemical concern Sibur to Chinese Sinopec in December 2015 for $1.3 billion. The Chinese Silk Road Fund bought a 9.9% stake in the Yamal LNG project owned by Mikhelson ". However, the example of Michelson did not become typical for all of Russia, as the Kremlin wanted, the German newspaper wrote. Die Welt .

No one in Beijing is going to make a fateful bet on a Russian-Chinese alliance. Hence the disappointment of Russians that China did not recognize the entry of Crimea into Russia, declared respect for the sovereignty of Ukraine and even provided it with a $3.6 billion loan for projects to replace natural gas, thereby helping to get rid of the gas umbilical cord connecting this country with Russia. Moreover, Chinese investment in Russia has decreased by 8.2% since the beginning of 2015. And if the reduction of foreign direct investment in Russia in 2014 by 70% can still be somehow explained by the intrigues of the West, then the fading interest of China looks in the eyes of the "advanced" man in the street at least a betrayal.

“It is no secret that Russia is going through a difficult period. Petrodollars, both before and now, are an important component of the Russian economy. The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation calculated that with an oil price of $40 per barrel, Russia's GDP would fall by 5%. At the same time, according to the estimates of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Russian budget will miss more than 3 trillion rubles. However, this is not the biggest challenge. According to Chinese analysts, one of the main reasons for the financial and economic instability of 2014-2015 in Russia is the structural economic crisis that began in 2012. Its essence lies in the deindustrialization of the economy and the decline of agriculture, and after its completion, as a rule, it is impossible to quickly restore the manufacturing industry and the agricultural sector,” Xinhua writes in the analytical material “Will Russia be able to withstand the test of strength against the backdrop of a complex crisis ?".

Director of the Institute of Russia at the Chinese Academy of Contemporary International Relations Feng Yujun believes that because of the Ukrainian crisis, Russia has entered the most serious strategic impasse since the beginning of the century. Due to the sharp decline in oil prices and severe sanctions from Western countries, the Russian economy has entered a period of depression.

China's interest in Russia is no different from China's interest in African or South American countries rich in natural resources. Now only 0.7% of China's foreign investments go to Russia - 15 times less than from the EU. This share may change somewhat if controlling stakes in Russian strategic oil and gas fields are sold to the Chinese. But then we, firstly, risk becoming a full-fledged raw material appendage of China, and secondly, we are not much different from Africa, where, according to various estimates, from 9 to 12 billion dollars have been invested in mining by the Chinese, or from Latin America ( 20-25 billion dollars of Chinese investment in the industry).

Fantasies about Russia's leadership in a hypothetical Russian-Chinese alliance are shattered by the very first comparisons of the two economies. China has already become the first economy in the world in purchasing power parity, overtaking the United States. The share of China in the world economy, according to the latest data from the International Monetary Fund, has reached 16.48% and the second place is 16.28% for the US economy. To understand the scale of our backlog: the share of Russia, when oil cost more than $100 per barrel, was 3.3% (of which raw materials are). In addition, China came out on top in the world in terms of the number of technical laboratories per capita and technology exports; we here, again, are an interested importer. If you look at the numbers, you'll shudder because Russia's trade with China before the oil price crash was $95 billion, and China's trade with the US was $650 billion. Once again: $650 billion and $95 billion. This is where tangible and intangible goods are produced. It's as obvious as two times two is four. No increase in trade between Russia and China will change the priority of the American vector of China's development.

China has no special reasons to actively invest in Russia. Beijing is guided by rigid economic logic and usually invests either in first world countries that can provide technologies and management practices (USA), or in third world countries that are relatively cheap and without unnecessary trouble with labor laws, parting with resources and acreage (Sudan, Zimbabwe) . Russia does not belong to either the first or the second category. Judging by the Doing Business ease of doing business ranking, where Russia rose to 51st position in October 2015, China is surrounded by Singapore (1st), Hong Kong (5th), South Korea (4th), Taiwan (11th) and Malaysia (18th). In the Global Opportunity Index rating, which measures the investment attractiveness of the state, Russia occupied 81st position in 2015, Singapore - 1st, Hong Kong - 2nd, Malaysia - 10th, South Korea - 28th, Japan - 17th. Yu. At the same time, in terms of the rule of law, Russia immediately fell back to 119th position, in company with Nigeria and Mozambique.

RUSSIAN MYTHS. Myths about Russia and Russians. Myths about Russia and Russians. Soviet myths about the USSR and the Soviet people. Textbook for adults and children, schoolchildren of all grades, pupils, students and cadets.

In the historiography of China, there are separate areas that pay great attention to territorial issues and the problems of the evolution of China's borders. In different periods of history, these scientific schools either gain or lose their popularity. So, some researchers believe that the territorial issue with Russia has not been settled so far, and part of the territories that are now part of the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan were once captured by the Russian Empire from China.

Debunking the myth about the collector of Russian lands

Expert opinion on Russian-Chinese relations

Andrey Stolyarov, Dmitry Prokofiev, Maria Matskevich, Dmitry Travin, Rosbalt, St. Petersburg, December 15, 2014

Soon after the proclamation of the Republic of China - in 1916 and 1932. books appeared, the main idea of ​​which was the “return of the lost territories”: the Far East from Kamchatka to Singapore, Bhutan, parts of Afghanistan, India, etc. This was due to the fact that the leadership of China, which was part of the Qing Empire (1644-1912). ), made claims to the entire territory of this empire after its collapse and to all the lands over which the emperors declared dominance according to the ancient Chinese geopolitical concept. "Lost territories" amount to more than 10 million square meters. km. This exceeds the territory of China (9.6 million sq. km).

Mao Zedong also attached great importance to this issue. Mao put forward a global goal: "We must conquer the globe ... In my opinion, our globe is most important, where we will create a powerful state." This led to border conflicts - the Sino-Indian border conflict of 1962, the Sino-Indian border conflict of 1967, the Sino-Soviet border conflicts on about. Damansky, Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979, incidents near the Japanese Ryukyu Islands (Senkaku archipelago).

In our time, these claims are not declared in the foreign policy arena, but are voiced inside the PRC, and this approach has been preserved in history.

The People's Republic of China is building roads on the border with Russia at an accelerated pace. The Celestial Empire will need communications for the rapid deployment of troops in the event of an armed conflict with the Russian Federation. Our country, according to experts, is not able to fight back the southern neighbor suffering from overpopulation and may lose the Far East and Siberia.

Nevertheless, according to experts, at this stage, Taiwan, Southeast Asia and Outer Mongolia will remain the priority areas of China's foreign policy in the medium term. In addition, Putin's adventurous foreign policy, aimed at confrontation with the West, creates favorable conditions for China for the peaceful "development" of these territories by the Chinese.

Recently, a funny case came out with the cards. Immediately after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Chinese President Xi Jinping went to Berlin on a visit. There he was met by Mrs. Merkel, who presented Xi with a map of China made in 1735 by the French cartographer Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anvie and printed in Germany. The photograph of the donation itself was shown from only one angle. In such:

There have been reports in the Chinese media that Merkel gave the 1844 map to John Dover. Here she is:

The Chinese blogosphere exploded and began to warmly thank Comrade Merkel for such a gift. Everyone perceived this as an attempt by Chinese hands to answer the Russians for our Crimea: go, they say, and return the Far East to yourself! In fact, Merkel gave a card that looks like this:

There is no Tibet on the gift card! Merkel subtly hinted to Xi Jinping: if China tries to behave in the spirit of “Crimea is ours”, we will remind you of Tibet.

Recently, the topic of Chinese expansion has been increasingly discussed in the Russian community, up to scenarios of a military conflict. On the one hand, there is an overpopulation of the North Chinese territories, on the other hand, the half-empty territories of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Due to the sparseness of these regions and their settlement by legal and in many cases illegal Chinese migrants, Russia may face the fact that there will be more Chinese in Siberia and the Far East than Russians. It is possible that later, when there will be more Chinese here than Russians, in fact these territories will be controlled by China, legally remaining with Russia.

We are talking here, first of all, about demographic expansion. In the Russian Federation, accurate statistical records of Chinese migrants have not been established, and there are discrepancies between the data of different departments. According to the Federal Migration Service, at least 300 thousand Chinese enter Russia every year, according to the FSB - 2 times more. Only half come back. According to the Federal Migration Service of Russia, in 2009, 235,000 Chinese citizens had temporary registration, and another 103,000 Chinese temporarily worked under labor quotas at Russian enterprises. If we add to them the Chinese who have received Russian citizenship and are in the Russian Federation illegally, then their number will be more than half a million people.

"Forcing peace" is such a Moscow banter against Putin and Medvedev.

With continued economic growth in China, China's demand for raw materials will only increase. Thus, Russia, more and more closely tying its economy to its giant eastern neighbor, will gradually turn out to be its raw materials appendage. Russia is considered by China, first of all, as a huge source of raw materials. Thus, in 2009, a program of regional cooperation between Eastern Siberia and the Far East was approved by the Russian Federation and the northeastern provinces of China, which provides for the implementation of joint projects in the infrastructure and economy of both countries. According to the adopted program, many enterprises will be created in Russia with the involvement of Chinese labor. At the same time, most of the production will go to China. A host of joint projects are planned for the coming years in the hydropower, forestry, mining, and oil and gas industries, which are beneficial primarily to China. Consequently, everything is moving towards the fact that the Asian part of Russia will gradually become the property of the PRC.

After President Vladimir Putin's visit to China at the end of May 2014, during which a 30-year contract for the supply of gas from Russia to China worth $400 billion was signed, a sharp surge in Chinese expansion into Russia is expected. Putin during this visit stated that Russia is interested in the participation of Chinese business in the development of the Far East. At the same time, he emphasized that it is important for the two countries not only to trade, but "to form strong technological and industrial alliances, attract investment in infrastructure and energy, jointly promote scientific research, humanitarian ties, lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of our trade and economic ties in the future. ".

In early February 1904, Schiff organized a meeting of influential representatives of American industrial and financial circles at his home. He stated: “In the next 72 hours, a war will begin between Japan and Russia. I was approached with a request to provide loans to the Japanese government. I want to hear your opinion on how such actions can affect the position of our co-religionists in Russia.”

After Putin's visit to Beijing, the Russian government effectively approved China's further expansion into the Far East. The Cabinet is ready to turn a blind eye to the mass resettlement of Chinese citizens in this Russian region, if they are engaged in the creation of production there, writes "Moscow's comsomolets". This was discussed at a meeting with Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev on June 2, 2014, dedicated to the development of the Far East. A selection of articles in the Russian press on this topic is published "Headers".

In the myth about the “Slavic roots of Russians”, Russian scientists put a bold point: there is nothing from the Slavs in Russians. The western border, up to which true Russian genes are still preserved, coincides with the eastern border of Europe in the Middle Ages between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Russia with Muscovy. This boundary coincides with both the isotherm of the average winter temperature of -6 degrees Celsius and the western boundary of the 4th USDA hardiness zone.

Secondly, the overpopulation of the eastern regions of the PRC creates an unreasonable burden on nature and infrastructure, and attempts to limit population growth are half-hearted and at the same time lead to insoluble social problems (another large publication is needed to briefly describe them).

Therefore, considering the current situation in the PRC, it is impossible not to see that external expansion can be the best solution in order to cut the Gordian knot of the country's problems. It will provide a significant increase in the territory and the amount of natural resources. For this expansion, there is a huge resource potential in the face of "superfluous people" (the unemployed, young men who are not provided with brides due to the strongest gender imbalance, poor peasants). Moreover, the very high unemployment among young people and the "deficit of brides" make high personal losses during the hostilities not only acceptable, but perhaps even desirable for the military-political leadership of the country.

A significant increase in the territory will make it possible to abolish restrictions on the birth rate, which will help, if not completely remove, then significantly mitigate all the social contradictions associated with these restrictions (they are truly dramatic in nature and deserve a large separate discussion). Objectively speaking, territory for China is even more important than resources. In any case, significant funds must be spent on the extraction of natural resources in one's own or occupied territory, or on their acquisition abroad. Territory is an absolute value that cannot be replaced by anything. At the same time, the social problems generated by the overpopulation of the country are much more dangerous for it than the lack of resources and the extremely difficult environmental situation. It is they who lead to a split within society and between society and the authorities, that is, to the delegitimization of the power of the CCP. Just because of social problems, the collapse of the Chinese economy is almost inevitable. Accordingly, external expansion becomes a non-alternative solution for the Chinese leadership.

Unfortunately, its own sparsely populated western part of the country is not suitable for a normal life of people. Tibet is an extreme highland, where it is impossible for permanent residence of "plain" inhabitants unadapted to this, and even more so for any serious economic activity. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) is not much better in this regard. Against the background of these regions, Southern Siberia is incomparably more comfortable and favorable in all respects. But Southeast Asia, which we a priori proclaim as the main direction of Chinese expansion, is just very little suitable for such expansion. There is very little territory, few resources (at least much less than in the Asian part of Russia), but there is a lot of local population, and disloyal to Beijing. Therefore, there is no need to engage in self-deception, China has only two areas of expansion - Russia (more precisely, its Asian part) and Kazakhstan.

Of course, Beijing would prefer a peaceful variant of expansion (demographic and economic), but there may simply not be enough time for it, a critical aggravation of internal contradictions will happen before peaceful expansion gives a practical result. Accordingly, the military option of expansion is absolutely not excluded. A theoretical base, both historical and military, is also brought under it.

No matter how many official statements that China has no territorial claims against us (mostly these statements come from Russia itself for some reason), the Aigun and Beijing treaties, according to which the current border was established, are officially considered unfair and unequal. There are simply no such categories in current international law. But China will introduce them when it gains power a little more.

The borders of the Celestial Empire in Chinese

As for the military component, the concept of strategic borders and living space deserves special attention, which was developed to justify and legitimize the conduct of offensive military operations by the Chinese Armed Forces. The newspaper of the General Political Administration of the PLA "Jiefangjun bao" about the border of living space said that it "determines the living space of the state and the country and is associated with the inflow and outflow of comprehensive national power", "reflects the power of the state as a whole and serves the interests of its existence, economy, security and scientific activity. The concept is based on the point of view that population growth and limited resources cause natural needs to expand space to ensure the further economic activity of the state and increase its "natural sphere of existence". It is assumed that territorial and spatial boundaries designate only the limits in which the state, with the help of real force, can "effectively protect its interests."

The "strategic boundaries of the living space" should move as the "complex power of the state" grows. As the same "Jiefangjun pao" wrote, effective control exercised for a long time over a strategic area that is exercised outside geographic boundaries will eventually lead to their transfer. The concept implies the transfer of hostilities from border areas to areas of strategic borders or even beyond them, while the causes of military conflicts may be difficulties in the way of "enforcing the legitimate rights and interests of China in the Asia-Pacific region." In China, it is believed that the boundaries of the living space of strong powers go far beyond their legal boundaries, and the sphere of influence of weak countries is smaller than their national territory.

The rapid pumping up of the offensive potential of the PLA and the nature of the exercises (they are described in the article “China is ready for a big war”) fit perfectly into this concept.

As for the factor of nuclear deterrence, it is excessive against non-nuclear countries, and it is very doubtful against nuclear ones (to which, alas, China belongs). We must not forget about the extremely low sensitivity of the Chinese to losses (this is their fundamental difference from Western armies). Our trouble is that we truly believe in nuclear deterrence, and this greatly hinders the development of conventional aircraft. Nuclear weapons should be the last argument. We have brought ourselves to a state where it is the first and only. At the same time, as was shown in the article "A Surprise from the Middle Kingdom", the PRC is seriously preparing for a nuclear war. Yes, of course, the Chinese do not want it. But, obviously, they believe that it is permissible as a last resort, because the collapse of the country from within could be even worse. Moreover, in this case, a civil war with the use of their own nuclear weapons on their territory will become possible.

Alas, our military-political leadership sees a threat to Russia in the territorial claims of Latvia and Estonia, whose armed forces in total are weaker than the 76th Airborne Division alone. But China for our bosses is not a threat at all. There is a delusion or a crime here - it is unprincipled, the result will be the same.

A. B. Zubov: "Aggression against a neighbor is the cause of the revolution: The experience of 1905"

Russo-Japanese War, Witte, Stolypin and Nicholas II. Russia, China, Japan, Great Britain, USA, Germany and their role in the Russian revolution.

China announced the beginning of the reform of the armed forces on the American model

In November 2015, Chinese President Xi Jinping, during a three-day meeting attended by about 200 senior military officials, announced that the Chinese armed forces would undergo a large-scale reform aimed at increasing their combat readiness with an eye to use outside the country.

As part of the reform, it is planned to unite all types of troops under a single military command, which will be created by 2020, as well as to create "elite combat units." It is supposed to reduce the number of existing military regions from 7 to 4. The last major military reform in China was carried out in 1985 under Deng Xiaoping. Then the number of military districts was reduced from 11 to 7, and the size of the army decreased by 1 million people.

The military reform project provides for the creation of a unified command for the Chinese army, navy, air force and missile forces, Bloomberg previously reported citing its sources. According to their data, it is also planned to reduce the number of officers and traditional ground combat arms with a simultaneous increase in the role of aviation and navy, as they are more adapted to the conduct of modern combat operations.

"This is the biggest military reform since the 1950s," Yue Gang, a retired Chinese army general staff colonel, told Bloomberg. According to him, it will shake "the very foundations of China's military system, built on the Soviet model." He stressed that the result would be an American-style unified command system that would transform the Chinese army into a force to be reckoned with in the world.

According to experts from The New York Times, China's armed forces number approximately 2.24 million, of which 1.6 million serve in the ground forces, 400,000 in aviation and 240,000 in the navy. Despite slowing economic growth, Beijing increased defense spending by 10% to $145 billion in 2015.

Russia undoubtedly has a chance to remain within its current colossal borders.

The statement in the title seems strange only as long as what is happening is considered without a historical retrospective and a geopolitical perspective. And obvious after at least a little analysis.

With the beginning of the confrontation with the West over the annexation of Crimea, the transfer of strategic partnership from Europe to Asia by the Putin-led Federation began to rapidly take place. Already today, just two weeks after the annexation of Crimea, Russian money in London (at least 150 billion of them) is being transferred to Singapore banks. Others (like "Putin's wallet" Timchenko (~60 billion) transfer capital from Europe to Russia. However, with the real prospect of the collapse of the ruble, keeping them in Russian banks means risking turning capital into dust. But where to keep them? In American and European banks it is impossible because assets can be frozen at any moment.In offshore it is just as risky because they can be taken under similar control (see the story with Cyprus).Thus, China - from the point of view of Putin with "advisers" - becomes a strategic partner of Russia and how buyer of energy resources, both as a banking center and as a global military ally.

However, is it a partnership? To understand this, let us turn to the history of China's relations with Russia and the Russians.

In Russia, they do not remember that during the Golden Horde, Russia was part of the Chingizid Empire with its capital in Beijing. Where from Karakorum she was transferred by Genghis Khan's grandson Kubilai Khan. The Golden Horde, to which tribute was paid (just like a village on the Yenisei considers Krasnoyarsk to be the main boss), was just one of the four regions of the Mongol-Chinese Empire (Juchi ulus) - like a union republic when the USSR was. Russia was one of the regions of this region, not the largest and not the richest.

The Mongolian Yuan Dynasty was overthrown by the Red Turban Peasants' Revolt. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed the establishment of the Ming Empire and became its first emperor. The new rulers of China were only interested in the Celestial Empire and only it. The lands beyond the heavens were not of interest. Zhu Yuanzhang dissolved the Empire he had inherited with a rationale similar to that which, 623 years later, prompted Yeltsin to dissolve the Soviet Union, created by the Russians on the territory of three uluses of the Mongol Empire, which the Chinese of the Ming Empire voluntarily ceased to control but which during the Yuan dynasty submitted to Beijing. And in Beijing they remember this very well today and do not forget it for a minute! Calling Russia nothing but a younger sister and considering China's younger sister. Not a brother, not an older sister, not a sister of the same age, but a younger sister. For which the elder brother (China) must strictly look after and manage her life. Therefore, Putin's actions to transfer Russia's partnership from Europe to Beijing are perceived in China as the return of the territories released by the Chinese voluntarily "to free float" under the mother's bosom. The younger sister returned to her family in the East. The younger sister of the Chinese, the Great Steppe, stretching from Vladivostok to the Carpathians, after walking and smoking, voluntarily returned under the patronage and strict control of the Senior Chinese brother. Which will not be strict with - as it should be in the Chinese tradition of the Big Brother. So that she doesn’t walk, she doesn’t lose her head and doesn’t toil with foolishness, not only to scold, but you can also inflate ...

By making China a strategic (as he sees it) partner of Russia, Putin is turning Russia not just into China's raw materials appendage, but into a Chinese province or provinces, one of which Russia was a part of during the Golden Horde. The complete subjugation of the younger sister of Russia by China will go quickly and inevitably. What forms will be used for this? The most diverse from the settlement of empty regions by the Chinese and the construction of ultra-modern cities with a population of a million or more people (the Russians Siberia and the Far East for five hundred years after the “conquest by Yermak” were never settled and mastered, but the Chinese will master-populate) to political and economic dependence , which will be complete. Yes, speaking objectively, it cannot be otherwise with any raw materials appendage and, in general, the seller of any product, having only one buyer for the sale of raw materials ...

The dependence of little sister Russia on Big Brother China, thanks to the actions of Putin, after the inevitable collapse of gas and oil prices induced by the West for several years, will be complete and comprehensive.

There will be no collapse of Russia - China will not allow it. There will be a completely different dissolution of Russia in one and a half billion China.

Thus, the capture of Crimea dramatically changes the geopolitical map of the world. The borders of Europe, which Tatishchev had moved to the Urals, returned to the Dnieper and Don - to where Herodotus had led them. The world of a white (or, politically correct, pale-faced) person, which in Eurasia was considered to stretch from Chukotka to France, with the annexation of Crimea to Russia, DECREASED many times over. Asia (in Chinese guise) immediately spread to the Arctic Ocean and the Urals, and after a short time will come to Moscow. Thinking that he is restoring the Soviet Union, Putin is restoring the territory that was subject to the Mongol emperors of the Yuan Empire. Which settled so much that Marco Polo, who lived at the court of Kubilai Khan for decades, never mentioned that the rulers were Mongols, but called them Chinese. From Beijing, the Moscow authorities will soon receive shortcuts to rule, as under the Horde. Starting next year, the Chinese language should be introduced as a compulsory language for education at Russian universities. Chinese will first become the second state language on the territory of the former Siberian Khanate, then as the second state language throughout the Russian province, and then the only state language. The accession of Russia to China, through a referendum, which will be held under the eye of polite little yellow men, similar to the Crimean one, or without a referendum is a matter of 15, maximum 20 years. For some time, Putin (who, according to his biography, never left the Communist Party) will become the head of the Chinese Communist Party of the province of Rus - let's not forget that the Communist Party rules in modern China. The Communists of Russia, under the leadership of Zyuganov, will welcome the union with the Chinese Communists because they will again become the only party in the country. Party of Mao and Lenin!

By reorienting the federation from the West to the East, Putin turns Russia into the Ulus of Rus-Jochi at first. Then, as it shrinks - to the province of Rus. Well, then to the Muscovite region, which, in terms of human resources or economic development, does not pull on the Chinese scale and the province.

Golden Horde (Ulus Jochi)
(self-name in Turkic Ulu Ulus - "Great State")

How will the settlement of Russia by the Chinese begin? For example, China may demand a visa-free regime from Russia. The very one that Russia demands from Ukraine to preserve. Since the Federation has been completely dependent on Chinese purchases of raw materials since the beginning of the conflict with the West, it will not be able to refuse such an offer that cannot be refused. As a result, twenty-fifty-hundred million Chinese may live in Russia in a year. Who will work hard: Turn taiga and swamps into fields, build super-modern cities, lay high-speed railways and highways .... Granting citizenship to the Chinese working in Russia in an accelerated mode (similar to that arranged for Depardieu) is the next legitimate requirement. After that, there will be a demand for referendums in all regions of Russia, which will go one by one to China. Peacefully and simply, in accordance with the precedent of the annexation of Crimea. There are many options, but the result of all options will be one. Russia will dissolve in China ...

The described course of events in the event that Putin does not back down seems inevitable, natural. Is this good or bad from the point of view of the Federation? The answers may vary, depending on the views of a particular reader. Is this good or bad from the point of view of God and mankind? From the point of view of the White Human Civilization, this is a colossal strengthening of Asia. If we consider Russian Slavs and not the people of the steppes and therefore the Huns (they are also Finno-Ugrians), Putin's betrayal of the Slavic peoples, and the white race and the civilization created by people with white skin color, is one of the most vile betrayals that have ever happened (although he himself Putin, who did not go to lectures at the Faculty of History, does not suspect this - just like the Russian “Slavic” people, who are rejoicing at the annexation of Crimea, but in reality a multinational people). The Communist Party of Russia (led by Putin and Zyuganov in the province of Russians, the Chinese leaders will probably retain for some time) will become a Communist Party of one of the provinces, something like the Communist Party of Ukraine during the time of the Union. Russia is turning into an appendage of China, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich will shrink to the Moscow Principality of the time of Ivan the Great III, and maybe even just to the borders of Kalita. The Russian people in Siberia and the Far East will dissolve into the Chinese, while in Muscovy it will become one of the small ethnic groups that do not produce anything, influencing world events and even the Celestial Empire (of which it will become a small integral part) without any.

However, from the point of view of the preservation of mankind and from the point of view of the Lord God, nothing terrible will happen from Russia's transition to a Chinese protectorate. On the contrary, the Apocalypse to which Putin is leading mankind will not take place. In its five thousand year history, China has never been an aggressor; the territory of the Mongol Empire was given to it as a voluntary gift from the Mongols, fascinated by Chinese culture. China is interested in cooperation and not in territorial expansion. And that means a new balance will be established. Harmony between Asia from Beijing to the Don, and Europe from the Dnieper to the Channel.

The process of absorption of Russia by China after it is elected by Russia, as it seems to Putin, the General Partner, but in reality the Sovereign, can be slow (over fifteen years), or can be much faster. If, having made Russia China's younger sister, Putin tries to continue military pranks, he will be severely shaken from Beijing with a finger. And if Putin and his entourage continue the tradition of theft, lies, hypocrisy (the worst vices, according to the Confucian tradition, which he mercilessly shoots officials in China), Putin and his comrades will end their lives publicly executed on Tiananmen Square. Or on Red... Not for crimes against humanity (to which Confucian China is philosophical), but for the theft of property by thieves and swindlers, who, according to Chinese law, are entitled to the death penalty.

What has been said is not a fantasy and not a summary of a series from the life of aliens, but the future of the Federation, if Putin does not change the path he has chosen for Russia, which will inevitably happen. And for this not to happen, it is not too late for Putin and his comrades to think. He will consult not only with godfathers-generals and accomplices, but also with scientists, with historians, with analysts independent of him. And stop the expansionist paranoia.

THE LARGEST ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUP IN THE HISTORY OF MODERN RUSSIA - A GANG OF MURDERERS, RADERS AND EMPLOYEES IS LEADED BY A FORMER SOVIET SCOUT OFFICER.

Recently, and after the start of Russia Forward on the map! (a movement that lasted five centuries at the speed of Holland a Year, stopped in the collapse of the Union but resumed by Putin, especially) every now and then the question arises: will the Federation fall apart? The question is very dangerous because of its repetition. Because when everyone is constantly talking about something, even with a NOT particle, something is bound to happen.

So. Looking at what is happening on a scale of millennia, you come to an obvious conclusion. The territory occupied by the Federation will generally remain unified. This becomes apparent once the pseudo-patriotic chimeras are out of sight. Which were invented to strengthen the integrity of the Russian Empire and the patriotism of the many peoples inhabiting it, while in fact they destroy both.

The basis of the territory of the Federation is the Great Steppe. Which was ALWAYS ruled by one people. Huns, Khazars, Cumans, Mongols, not for long (after the transfer of the capital of the Mongol Empire to Beijing by the descendants of Genghis Khan) the Chinese, but for the last five hundred years Russians. The taiga and tundra in the north were annexed to the great steppe. The Siberian and Far Eastern forests have never been an independent state and have always been ruled by the people of the steppe (remember the Siberian Khanate). The Great Steppe has always been ruled by one dominant people. Therefore, there can be no doubt that after fluctuations tens and maybe even a hundred years long, the unity of the Great Steppe will be restored.

Another thing is which people will govern the vast Euro-Asian space. To date, there are two and only two candidates for this role. Russians and Chinese. Europeans do not seek to rule over Asia, for Pakistan, Iran and Turkey this is unrealistic: speaking in the common people, the guts are thin. Can China replace Russia in this gigantic space? Theoretically it can. Especially if Russia continues its insane and suicidal policy of focusing instead of Europe on China. Becoming his little brother. Without any chance in the long term not to become what it once was (during the century when the capital of the Mongol Empire was in Beijing): part of one of the regions of China. The strength of Russia has always been that it used European achievements without becoming part of Europe. If this policy continues, Great Russia will also survive.

Over the five hundred years of ruling the Great Steppe in Russia, as in a melting pot, many peoples have been ground and united. The announcement of the Russians as Slavs, genetically absurd (which has been proven by studies of recent years), was made under Catherine to portray the division of Poland not by conquest, but by fraternal reunification (much like reunification with Novorossia is now). In fact, the Russian people is a conglomeration of many peoples of the Steppes and Siberia, from the Finno-Ugric peoples to the Huns and Polovtsy, with a small admixture of Slavic blood. The arrival of China on the territory of the Great Steppe (from which China in the past was fenced off by the Great Wall in order to defend, not attack) would be a huge geopolitical redivision of the world. artificial. The like of which has never been. And it will not happen if Russia's policy is not passionate, but far-sighted.

Summarizing. Russia has a wonderful chance to survive as a huge Eurasian power from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean. But for this, the country must understand its universal role, act not short-sightedly, but thoughtfully.

Y. Magarshak, November 2014

Three sources and three components of modern Russian culture: 1. Europeanized culture of the Russian nobility, originating in the Golden Horde and the Great Mongol Empire. 2. Jewish culture of Ashkenazi - Eastern European Jews. 3. The culture of illiterate Russian peasants and philistines. The post-Soviet Russian culture of the beginning of the 21st century is formed from the Soviet culture, in which elements of the culture of the Russian Empire are returning. This is due to Leon Trotsky predicted back in 1936 and the formation of classes from the lumpenized population destroyed by the Bolsheviks: nobles, bourgeois, rentiers, entrepreneurs, bureaucrats and self-sufficient intelligentsia.

China is the largest state in East Asia and the world, second only to and in terms of territory. On an area of ​​22,117 sq. km is home to at least 1.4 billion people. China has land borders with 14 countries, including Russia,. The shores of China are washed by the East China, Yellow, South China Seas and the Korean Gulf, the Taiwan Strait separates from the continent. The coast stretches from the border with North Korea to.

The relief of the country is diverse, in China there are plateaus, mountains, deserts, plains and depressions. In the southwest, the Tibetan Plateau reaches a height of 4,000 m or more. Northern China is distinguished by high plains and a mountain belt. In the south and northeast - low plains. The highest plateau in the world - the Tibetan Plateau is surrounded by the Himalayas, the Karakorum, the Pamirs and the Kunlun, Altyntag and Qilianshan mountain ranges. At an altitude of 2,700–3,000 m there is a swampy area - the Tsaidam depression with salt lakes.

To the north of the Kunlun Mountains is the endorheic Tarim Basin with the Takla Makan Desert and the Turfan Depression, which is 154 m below sea level. In this area, temperature fluctuations are observed from +52 °С to -18 °С. The depression is surrounded by oases through which the Great Silk Road passed. To the north of the Tarim Basin rises the Tien Shan mountain range, behind which is the Dzhungar depression with the Ili and Irtysh rivers flowing into Kazakhstan.

On the Mongolian plateau at an altitude of 1000 m - the province of Inner Mongolia with the Alashan and Gobi deserts. Small mountain ranges limit the plateau from the south and east and end with the Ordos desert. In the south of the desert, behind the Great Wall of China, is the Loess Plateau. Most of the Chinese live in the lowlands in the northeast to the Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and on the eastern plains. In the south of the country there are several mountainous regions with an altitude of 200 to 2,000 m.