Gingivitis - the main forms and methods of effective treatment. Gingivitis

Gingivitis is an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the gums, characterized by the appearance of redness, sometimes erosion, swelling, bleeding. The main reason is poor oral hygiene. A complete cure occurs only if hygiene is observed. A chronic course with relapses is possible, which can lead to periodontitis, exposure of the necks of the teeth, their loosening and loss. How dangerous is gingivitis? Symptoms and treatment of the disease.

Forms of gingivitis

Before starting therapy, it is important to correctly determine the form of the disease. Improper treatment will lead to increased inflammation or to the transition to a chronic form. There are three forms of gingivitis:

catarrhal.
Ulcerative necrotic.
Hypertrophic.

Catarrhal gingivitis

This is the most common form. The main reason is insufficient oral hygiene, which leads to the accumulation of soft plaque on the teeth, the formation of tartar. Pathogenic microorganisms come into contact with the gum and cause inflammation.

Other reasons:

Vitamin C hypovitaminosis.
Blood diseases.
Hormonal failure (especially common in pregnant women).

Symptoms:

The gingival margin swells.
Redness and cyanosis appear on the gum.
Bleeding when brushing teeth or eating.
The patient experiences pain when brushing his teeth.

Important: the catarrhal form of the disease can proceed according to two scenarios. In the first, acute course, the symptoms are pronounced, the disease develops rapidly, severe bleeding and soreness appear, the gums become bright red. Refusal to brush your teeth (due to unbearable pain) will only aggravate the situation. The second variant of the course is chronic. Symptoms are mild, pain is almost absent. The shade of the gums is bluish. Symptoms are exacerbated by colds and a decrease in the body's defenses.

Ulcerative necrotic (Vincent gingivitis)

With this form of the disease, the gums and mucous membrane become inflamed, the integrity of the tissues is disturbed, and their necrosis manifests itself.

Causes:

Decreased immunity.
Unacceptably poor oral hygiene.
Abundant soft plaque and calculus, many carious teeth, difficult teething.
Hypovitaminosis C.
Smoking.
Permanent injury to the oral cavity with destroyed teeth.
Infection caused by anaerobic microflora (Vincent's spirochete and fusobacteria).
Exposure to radiation.
Stress.
Hypothermia.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Endocrine system disorders.

Gingivitis Vincent is able to join the flu, sore throat, upper respiratory tract diseases, blood diseases, syphilis, tuberculosis, AIDS, tumors in the decay stage. Young people are more often affected. Usually such gingivitis appears against the background of catarrhal.

Periods of the course of the disease: incubation, prodromal, peak, extinction, recovery. A short incubation period replaces the prodromal, manifested by malaise, fever. Catarrhal inflammations, itching, burning appear on the gums. The temperature rises to 40 degrees. Necrosis can spread to nearby areas of the mucous membrane of the cheeks, hard palate, pharynx, tonsils, or capture the entire mouth. Lymphatic submandibular nodes increase and hurt. A persistent, fetid putrid odor appears from the mouth. Saliva becomes viscous and viscous. Severe pain prevents the patient from chewing food, talking, brushing his teeth.

hypertrophic

This is a chronic form of the disease. The gum grows, false periodontal pockets are formed, which cover the dental crown. Such gingivitis is also preceded by a long course of catarrhal. It can be an independent disease or accompany exacerbated generalized periodontitis.

Causes:

Bite disorder.
Crowding of teeth, their twisting and other anomalies.
Dental deposits.
Injury to the gums by poorly installed fillings or poorly selected prostheses.
Poor oral hygiene.
Endocrine diseases.
Hypovitaminosis.
Leukemia.
Lack of care for orthodontic structures.

The disease can develop during puberty, pregnancy, menopause, when the hormonal background is disturbed.

This form of gingivitis is divided into localized (affects the area of 1-5 teeth, can result in papillitis disease) and generalized. The course of gingivitis is divided into edematous (inflammatory) and fibrous (granulating).

Interesting: with papillitis, the gingival interdental papilla becomes inflamed, which belongs to superficial inflammatory periodontal diseases. Acute papillitis is manifested by redness, swelling, soreness, bleeding of the gingival interdental papilla. In a chronic course, the gum becomes cyanotic, the pain manifests itself during exacerbation.

The edematous form of hypertrophic gingivitis is manifested by swelling of the fibers of the gingival papillae, vasodilation, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the gum tissues, burning, pain, bleeding, bright red color of the tissue and glossy sheen. With fibrous, there is a thickening of collagen fibers, inflammation. The patient may complain of massive gums, their high density, pain. He won't be able to eat properly. The gingival surface is bumpy but does not bleed on contact.

Treatment

Therapy for catarrhal gingivitis

In acute and chronic forms, treatment begins with the elimination of local factors that provoke inflammation:

They remove plaque and stones (cleaning with ultrasound, laser, Air-flow apparatus).
They treat caries, install a filling or replace it, correct poor-quality prosthetics.

If such manipulations do not give an effect, drug therapy is connected:

periodontal applications. They anesthetize, disinfect, relieve inflammation, reduce swelling, and regenerate. More effective than rinsing. They affect the entire periodontal pocket, and not superficially. Lidocaine, Anestezin, Novocain are used for pain relief. Disinfect with a solution of Ethonia, Iodinol, Dimexide, Sanguiritrin. Antibiotics: Trichopolum and Lincomycin. Lincomycin is able to accumulate in the bones, the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to the drug is developed slowly.
Rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions. Usually Furacilin, Chlorhexidine, Miramistin and medicinal herbs are used.

Pour boiling water over a tablespoon of sage, chamomile, calendula, steam for 20 minutes, strain. Rinse your mouth several times a day.
A teaspoon of oak bark is poured into boiling water (two glasses of water), boiled for 6 minutes. Add a teaspoon of sage leaves to the broth, boil for another 10 minutes in a water bath. Cool, strain, rinse your mouth several times a day.
A tablespoon of St. John's wort is poured into 200 ml of boiling water, kept on fire for 10 minutes, cooled, filtered. Rinse your mouth.
The mucosa is treated with Kalanchoe juice. It cleans wounds from necrotic tissues, stimulates their regeneration.
The bandage is folded in several layers, wound around the finger. 7 drops of fir oil are dripped onto it. The gum is massaged with the tool. This massage is carried out twice a day.
You will need a teaspoon of chaga and chamomile. The mixture is poured into 450 ml of boiling water, covered with a lid, insisted for 4 hours, filtered. Use for rinsing twice a day for one week.

Treatment of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

First aid to patients should be aimed at eliminating pain and reducing intoxication. Treatment is prescribed only by a dentist, who must be consulted on an emergency basis. The doctor removes dental plaque and necrotic plaque, then prescribes antibiotics that are effective against fusobacteria, spirochetes, antiseptic rinses and periodontal applications.

With an anaerobic infection, the following is prescribed:

Metronidazole. The drug destroys the DNA of pathogenic microorganisms, inhibits the synthesis of nucleic acids. It is prescribed 500 mg twice a day for 5 days. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to components, leukopenia, epilepsy, liver failure, pregnancy, lactation.
Tinidazole. An antiprotozoal drug that has an antibacterial effect. Destroys the DNA of bacteria. Contraindications: organic diseases of the central nervous system, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity.

Soft plaque is removed with hydrogen peroxide 3%, potassium permanganate 0.1%, ethonium solution 0.5%, Chlorhexidine 0.2%. Necrotic areas are processed by the following means:

Trypsin.
Chymotrypsin.
Terrilithin.
Trichopolum.

As soon as the inflammation subsides, the dentist will prescribe drugs that will accelerate the epithelization of the mucosa. For example, Solcoseryl gel. This is an effective wound healing agent in the form of a gel or ointment. Applied externally. The drug is able to enhance regenerative processes in the skin, increase collagen synthesis and oxygen consumption by cells during oxygen starvation, improve glucose access to cells in local anemia, activate cellular respiration, and stimulate tissue growth.

The agent is applied to the wound after its disinfection. Important: the gel is used to treat fresh wounds, applied to the wound in a thin layer three times a day until granulation tissue appears on it. The ointment is used after the start of epithelialization of the wound. Apply a thin layer twice a day. The drug in the form of an ointment is used until the damaged area is completely healed. One contraindication: hypersensitivity to the components.

Drug treatment can be supplemented with laser therapy or ultraphonophoresis.

Treatment of hypertrophic gingivitis

A patient with this form of the disease needs treatment by a dentist-therapist, hygienist, periodontist. Dental deposits are also removed here, the oral mucosa is treated with antiseptics, applications, rinses, physiotherapy, and gum massage.

If there is no effect, a solution of chloride and calcium gluconate, glucose, ethyl alcohol is injected into the gingival papillae. To eliminate swelling and inflammation, hormonal ointments are rubbed into the gingival papillae and injections of steroid hormones are made.

They also carry out treatment that eliminates traumatic factors: they replace an unsuccessful filling, restore a tooth, eliminate a defect in prostheses, and so on.

Fibrous gingivitis cannot be cured with medication. Here will be effective:

Cryodestruction. This method involves local exposure to very low temperatures. Blood circulation in the pathological formation stops, its cells die.
Gingivectomy. The operation is aimed at removing a section of the gum that has detached from the tooth and formed a periodontal pocket. The piece is removed with a scalpel or laser. After that, a special bandage-paste is applied to the wound. It hardens, protecting the wound from infection and promoting its healing.

Important: before using all the above medicines and methods, you should consult a dentist.

Prevention

In order to prevent recurrence or prevent the disease, it is necessary:

Learn how to properly brush your teeth, take care of your oral cavity (use a toothbrush, irrigator, floss, rinse with medicinal additives).
Visit the dentist regularly. The doctor will remove deposits, polish the teeth, and apply a fluoridation agent to their surface.
The tongue should be cleaned as often as the teeth, and the gums should be massaged in a circular motion.

Treatment and prevention of gingivitis - video

To cure gingivitis once and for all, it is necessary to eliminate its root cause - the inflammatory process in the oral cavity. You can get rid of soreness and bleeding gums in just 5-10 days, the main thing is to contact a periodontist in time. Rinsing with soda will not help - an integrated approach is needed here, including local and general therapy.

How to treat gingivitis in adults

Treatment of acute and chronic gingivitis includes 3 components:

Sanitation of the oral cavity

Removal of tartar and bacterial plaque, elimination of carious cavities, removal of decayed teeth. This will prevent further spread of the infection.

Local anti-inflammatory therapy

Antiseptic rinses, applications of anti-inflammatory and wound healing gels, the use of natural toothpastes with herbal ingredients.

Restorative therapy

Reception of vitamin and mineral complexes, immunomodulators. This promotes soft tissue regeneration and enhances the body's defenses to fight infection.

The catarrhal form of the disease refers to the initial stage of inflammation. It can be easily eliminated with ultrasonic cleaning and drug therapy.

Physiotherapy is also useful, for example, hydromassage of the gums, exposure to short-spectrum UV rays, electrophoresis, etc. These are painless procedures that improve tissue trophism and remove accumulated toxins. The course of treatment includes 5-10 sessions.

Medical treatment

Rinsing with chlorhexidine raster;
applying oil solutions with vitamins A and E;
the use of antimicrobial ointments and sprays - Romazulan, Metrogil Denta, Holisal or others.

Chronic inflammation of the gums can develop due to deformities of the dentition. In this case, you must definitely see an orthodontist to correct the bite.

The cause of the hypertrophic form of inflammation often lies in hormonal disruptions, as well as diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, do not be surprised if the dentist refers you to a specialist of the appropriate profile - an endocrinologist or a gastroenterologist.

And to relieve local symptoms, the following therapy is used:

bandaging with antimicrobial ointments;
taking oral antibiotics - Erythromycin, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole;
darsonval, electrophoresis and other methods of physiotherapy;
at an advanced stage - injections of hypertrophic solutions into the gingival papillae - calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, glucose.

In the most severe cases, surgical excision of damaged gum tissue is used.

Atrophic and ulcerative forms of the disease are accompanied by necrotization (destruction) of the marginal gums. At this stage, it is important to save living periodontal tissues, since atrophied areas can no longer be restored.

As a rule, dentists prescribe:

local anesthesia with a solution of novocaine or lidocaine;
systemic antibiotic therapy;
oral baths with antiseptics (furatsilin, miramistin, chlorhexidine).

Dead gum tissue is removed mechanically or treated with trispin. This is an enzyme that promotes the resorption of necrotic epithelium.

Most often, adult patients with purulent inflammation of the gums, gingivitis, are prescribed metronidazole. It is effective against protozoa and various anaerobic bacteria. It is taken three times a day, the daily norm of the drug is 1500 mg. The course is designed for 10 days.

In dental practice, metronidazole is necessarily prescribed in combination with lincosamides. This group of drugs includes lincomycin and clindamycin.

Lincomycin

Fights infections caused by gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria (daily intake - 1500 mg, divided into three doses of two capsules).

Clindamycin

It differs from lincomycin in its effectiveness against protozoa, it is taken 300 mg three times a day.

Lincomycin capsules often cause side effects - disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, an allergic rash. It is better to replace lincomycin capsules with a 30% solution for intramuscular injection (2 ml twice a day) or prefer clindamycin. The latter, by the way, can also be taken as intramuscular injections - 2 ml (300 mg) twice a day.

For patients with diabetes mellitus and / or resistance to other antibiotics, preparations based on norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin are prescribed. For example:

nomycin - 400 mg twice a day;
tarivid - 500 mg in two doses;
syflox - 250 mg twice a day.

Antibiotic therapy is prescribed only by a doctor, it is forbidden to take antimicrobial drugs on your own!

Injections of antibiotics into the gums are an outdated and ineffective method that only additionally injures soft tissues. Antimicrobials are prescribed only orally (through the mouth) or intramuscularly (injections into the gluteal or deltoid muscles, the anterior surface of the thigh).

Treatment of gingivitis in children

Therapy for children is not much different from treatment for adults, but there are a number of features. The course of events includes:

Ultrasonic teeth cleaning

Lasts an average of 20 minutes, painless procedure.

Anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy

Applying gels such as Holisal (for children of any age) and Metrogyl Denta (from 6 years old) to the mucous membrane. Rinse your mouth with Chlorhexidine or Miramistin.

Strengthening immunity

Vitamin therapy will help speed up recovery. Oil solutions with vitamins A and E positively affect the regeneration of gum tissue.

Orthodontic treatment

For small patients who have chronic gingivitis due to malocclusion.

Tooth brushing to prevent gingivitis in children

If a child has been diagnosed with necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, after the first stage of treatment, doctors remove dead soft tissues under local anesthesia and cauterize the gums with electric current. Before and after the procedure, anesthetic gels with lidocaine are used - Kalgel, Bobodent, Kamistad.

Of great importance in the treatment of gingivitis is given to teaching children about oral hygiene. After all, without proper dental care, inflammation will reappear.

It is also worth mentioning that babies without teeth, babies, gum disease are treated differently. It is enough to massage the gums and clean them from germs with a special silicone brush that is worn on the finger.

Treatment of gingivitis in pregnant women

The so-called "pregnancy gingivitis" develops against the background of hormonal surges, as well as a deficiency of vitamins and trace elements in the body of the expectant mother. Therefore, patients must be prescribed vitamin therapy.

During the period of bearing a child, antibiotics are contraindicated, but in any case, the dentist must remove dental deposits and recommend safe antiseptics. Vacuum gum massage is also shown.

You can rinse your mouth with a decoction of chamomile at room temperature, this will help relieve bleeding and swelling of the mucosa. All oral preparations should be used only after consultation with a gynecologist.

To protect the gums from mechanical damage, it is recommended to use toothbrushes with soft bristles, and also to refuse too hard food.

Prices

The cost of dental treatment of gingivitis depends on the methods used and the procedures performed. In all cases, therapy includes professional cleaning:

200 rubles for the mechanical removal of plaque from one tooth;
from 4000 rubles for the removal of tartar with an ultrasonic scaler;
from 4300 rubles for cleaning with the Air Flow method.

There is an additional charge for the treatment of periodontal pockets:

Gingivitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums that causes redness, swelling, and bleeding. It affects only the mucous membrane, without affecting the periodontal ligaments, so the teeth retain a strong position, which is why gingivitis is considered a mild gum disease. At an early stage of the onset, gingivitis is easily treated and does not cause much trouble. But, if the process of inflammation is released out of control, it becomes chronic, which will be much more difficult to get rid of. This disease is most common in children, adolescents, and those under thirty years of age.

If you feel discomfort while eating, and in the process of brushing your teeth you observe bleeding, you should immediately consult a doctor. The development of gingivitis can be associated with diseases such as diabetes, malignant diseases (cancer), AIDS and hepatitis.

Gingivitis classification

Professional dentists classify gingivitis as follows:

according to the degree of prevalence: localized, when only the gum area becomes inflamed. Generalized, when the entire mucous membrane of the mouth is inflamed;
by severity: mild, moderate and severe;
by the nature of the course: acute and chronic;
in form: catarrhal, ulcerative necrotic, hypertrophic, atrophic;
separate group: youthful, gingivitis of pregnant women.

Insufficient or poor oral hygiene;
Low level of immunity;
Poor-quality dental treatment: overhanging fillings, traumatic gums, improper installation of prostheses and braces;
Accumulation of supragingival and subgingival calculus on the teeth;
Pregnancy;
Adolescence;
The period after suffering a severe and prolonged illness;
Lack of vitamins and minerals;
Tuberculosis, AIDS, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis and other chronic diseases;
gum injury.

The main factor in the occurrence of gingivitis is ineffective oral hygiene. The soft plaque remaining after poor brushing in the area of contact between the gums and the tooth gradually transforms into tartar. Here microorganisms actively multiply, triggering the process of inflammation of the gums, which is called "gingivitis".

The body reacts to the vital activity of bacteria with an inflammatory process. A biological film forms on the tooth, it is involved in the appearance of soft plaque. Mineralizing food residues are held on it and become an incubator for the development of bacteria. They penetrate the gums and release toxins, damage the cells of the mucous membrane. In the place where the toxins have penetrated, swelling and redness occur. The distance between the gum and the tooth (gingival pocket) widens. Then the gum becomes bleeding.

Symptoms of gingivitis

Signs of the disease depend on the form, nature, prevalence, severity of lesions of the oral cavity.

If the severity is high, then brightly and actively redness will appear and swelling of the gums. A severe form of hyperemia spreads throughout the jaw up to inflammation of the lip mucosa.

All forms of the disease are characterized by pain when chewing food, bleeding, bad breath, discomfort at the site of inflammation, itching.

Acute gingivitis is accompanied by severe pain and sudden reddening of the gums. Chronic course of the disease manifested by seasonal exacerbation, that is, in spring and autumn and is not as pronounced as in acute gingivitis. There is discomfort in the oral cavity, but it is tolerable, bleeding increases.

Each form of gingivitis has a number of specific symptoms, but the general symptoms are the same and are usually enough to warrant a visit to the dentist. A qualified periodontist will be able to diagnose the nature of gum disease and prescribe the correct treatment.

For example, the symptoms of acute catarrhal gingivitis are manifested as follows: sudden sharp pains, feeling unwell and fever up to 37 degrees. There is swelling, burning, redness of the gums, food intake is difficult, because the inflamed gum reacts to mechanical irritations. In no case can't self-medicate, since in this case the symptoms of the disease are muffled and it passes into the chronic phase. If you consult a doctor, then acute gingivitis will pass quickly and without a trace.

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis occurs due to the advanced acute stage of the disease. Symptoms are not so bright and appear only during the period of brushing your teeth and eating. But signs such as hyperemia and bleeding indicate the presence of the disease. With a long course of the disease there is an increase in the depth of gum pockets, as well as the appearance of a blue tint to the gums.

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis is detected when visiting the dentist due to an exacerbation of the disease or dental disease. The disease in the acute stage, according to the symptoms, resembles an acute form. If catarrhal gingivitis is not treated, it turns into ulcerative necrotic.

Distinguishing Gingivitis From Other Gum Diseases

Differential diagnosis is carried out to distinguish the characteristic signs of gingivitis from stomatitis, periodontal disease and periodontitis, since they have similar symptoms.

Periodontitis occurs as a result of untreated gingivitis, is an inflammatory disease of the gums, manifested by bleeding and the occurrence of periodontal (gingival) pockets. Gingivitis, unlike periodontitis, teeth are strong, do not loosen, and the bone tissue of the jaw is not destroyed.

With periodontal disease, the necks of the teeth are exposed, and the alveolar process of the jaw is resorbed (this is the area of \u200b\u200bthe jaw where the roots of the teeth are located). The overgrown tartar occupies the space released when the gums descend. After a professional cleaning of the teeth, cracks appear and the roots are exposed. With periodontal disease, as well as with gingivitis, the teeth remain motionless.

Stomatitis distinguishes the place of localization. Stomatitis affects the entire mucous membrane of the mouth, the cheeks, tongue, palate become inflamed, with gingivitis only the edge of the gum becomes inflamed.

A qualified periodontist during the diagnosis can easily establish the form, severity and nature of gingivitis in a patient.

Treatment of gingivitis

If you diagnose gingivitis at the initial stage, then the treatment will be quick and effective. Modern methods of treatment can cure the acute form of this disease within 10 days. But the chronic stage (untreated acute form) of the disease requires a long and laborious treatment.

At the moment, there are many treatment methods, and the choice of a specific scheme depends on factors:

from a form of gingivitis;
on the degree of neglect and severity;
on the age of the patient;
from the cause.

Before starting treatment, a periodontist performs a professional cleaning of the teeth with the release of teeth from non-mineralized and mineralized deposits (soft plaque and tartar). Cleaned gum improves the clinical picture of the disease. Some patients, elated by the result, stop treatment at this stage, but this should not be done. If the treatment is not completed, then a relapse will not be long in coming. oral hygiene plays a decisive role in the prevention of oral diseases, the periodontist refers the patient to a special room where the patient is taught proper brushing and oral hygiene.

If a separate area of the gum is inflamed, then the cause may be an unpolished area of \u200b\u200bthe filling. Dentist corrects the filling or replaces it with a new one than relieves the symptoms of the disease.

All methods of treatment include the use of drugs, and if there is a high severity of the disease, then a small surgical operation.

Medications

Be sure to prescribe complex vitamins, because gingivitis occurs due to a decrease in immunity. Vitamin C is especially needed, as it reduces bleeding and strengthens the walls of blood vessels.

The periodontist prescribes injections of vitamins lincomycin and cyanocobalamin. Vitamins relieve symptoms, and lidocaine alleviates pain.

Sometimes antibiotics are needed for treatment. They are able to effectively deal with the acute stage of the disease and protect against the occurrence of complications. They take antibiotics only as prescribed by a doctor, because there may be contraindications to them.

Ointments and gels

Locally applied ointments and gels, they reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. Ointments "Solcoseryl" and "Metragil Denta" relieve itching and pain for a long time. Created by them thin film protects against thermal and chemical irritants, thereby preventing the occurrence of unpleasant sensations.

Toothpastes

No matter how painful and unpleasant it may be, but the sick person needs to brush their teeth twice a day. It is forbidden to spare and injure, so a toothbrush should be taken of medium hardness. Toothpaste should be chosen with anti-inflammatory and healing effect, it should contain sage, chamomile, calendula, yarrow. They reduce swelling and bleeding, strengthen the gums.

Whitening toothpastes not applicable for gingivitis, as they contain abrasive substances that cause injury during brushing, they should be postponed until the gums are healthy again.

Folk remedies for the treatment of gingivitis

Anyone who prefers traditional methods of traditional treatment should know that traditional medicine cannot completely cure gingivitis. Although, along with the appointment of a periodontist she can speed up the process convalescence. It is important to keep the mouth clean. To speed up the treatment, you can use various rinses and baths from a decoction of medicinal herbs.

Recipes for the preparation of infusion.

WITH a tablespoon of sage pour 200 ml of boiling water and insist for 20 minutes. Wait for the decoction to cool down and rinse your mouth after each meal. You can also make an infusion of chamomile. It has bactericidal properties and accelerates the healing process of the gums.
Astringent properties have celandine and oak bark. They relieve swelling and bleeding from inflammation of the gums. Crushed oak bark and dried celandine grass are used. To prepare the infusion, they are mixed: two tablespoons of each are poured with two glasses of boiling water. After the infusion has cooled to room temperature, rinse your mouth four times a day for as long as symptoms persist.

If you use traditional medicine, then discuss your actions with a periodontist. Advice from unenlightened persons should be neglected.

How to eat with gingivitis?

The diet for this disease should contain a large amount of fresh vegetables and fruits, namely:

in citrus contains a high percentage of vitamin C, which helps strengthen blood vessels and reduces bleeding;
pears and apples contain trace elements and pectin, they accelerate the healing process;
currants, blackberries, raspberries enrich the body with vitamins and minerals that increase immunity;
Vegetables contain antioxidants and fiber. Zucchini, cabbage, carrots should be present in the diet, they speed up metabolic processes and reduce the healing time of the gums.

You should limit the use of fast carbohydrates: flour products, sweets, potatoes, as they contribute to the formation of soft plaque on the teeth.

How to prevent gingivitis?

Prevention of gingivitis is simple and, if desired, everyone can protect themselves from inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Simple hygiene rules:

These rules will protect your health from many diseases of the teeth and oral mucosa, including gingivitis.

Gingivitis - This is an inflammation of the gum tissue, which is accompanied by painful sensations when chewing food and brushing your teeth and periodic bleeding in the gum area.

According to statistics, this pathology is considered very common among various age and social categories. This is due to the fact that gingivitis can manifest itself as an independent dental disease, and as a symptom of damage to the internal organs and systems of the human body.

Therefore, to determine how to treat gingivitis, perhaps only by identifying its root cause. For example, in patients hypovitaminosis C it is useless to apply local anti-inflammatory procedures and prescribe antibacterial drugs, only the replenishment of vitamin C in the body will bring tangible results. Also, with mechanical irritation of the gums, it is important first of all to eliminate the provoking factor, only then the therapeutic procedures will be effective and the patient will quickly recover.

ICD-10 code

In medical sources, experts define gingivitis as inflammatory gum disease without pathological changes in the periodontal attachment.

In the International Classification of Diseases, many forms of the disease are included in the group of dental pathologies with the code - K05 .

Gingivitis affected gum (photo)

It systematizes various forms of the disease:

acute and chronic;
streptococcal and other specific infections (caused by bacteria, protozoa, fungi);
non-specific, i.e. developing due to dystrophic or traumatic changes in the gum tissues;
hyperplastic and ulcerative;
marginal.

Acute ulcerative necrotic gingivitis and herpetic gingivostomatitis are excluded from this group and included in another group with the code A69 .

Most often, gingivitis occurs at a young and mature age (19-35 years), and without treatment proceed in stages:

1st - the marginal interdental part of the gum is affected;
2nd - both the interdental and the marginal layer of the gums are covered by inflammation;
3rd - the disease spreads to the alveolar tissue.

In people suffering from chronic forms of gingivitis, by the age of 36-40, the disease becomes more complicated and turns into stomatitis or periodontitis.

Causes

The occurrence of this pathology is caused by external or internal factors:

1. External :

microcracks, burns (thermal and chemical) and gum injuries;
poor oral hygiene;
teeth;
irritation with allergens (food, drinks, paste, rinses, medicines, etc.);
complications during the extraction, treatment or prosthetics of teeth;
chronic inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx, auditory tubes;
deposition and hardening of dental bacterial plaque in the area of gingival pockets, constantly injuring them;
smoking;
wearing prostheses.

2. External :

poor nutrition, strict diets, prolonged fasting, hypo- and beriberi;
blood diseases (anemia, leukemia);
hemophilia;
AIDS, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis and other infectious diseases;
diseases of the stomach, duodenum, small intestine;
lymphadenitis in the face and neck;
poisoning;
exposure to radiation;
decrease in general and local immunity.

Kinds

The disease can occur once and go away in a short time, or it can last for years.

Therefore, the pathology is divided into:

spicy gingivitis, which occurs suddenly and has vivid clinical manifestations: swelling and redness of the gums, their soreness and bleeding;
chronic, it proceeds more erased, with a change in periods of exacerbation to remission, often complicated by irreversible changes in the tissues of the gums, its pathological growth and compaction.

The most common gingivitis iscatarrhal . With it, inflammation of the gums is accompanied by the formation of a transparent exudate in it, which impregnates the tissues and is released to the outside.
Symptoms of this form of the disease are: burning and itching of the gum tissue, its slight vulnerability, thinning, swelling and redness. Chronic catarrhal gingivitis leads to a change in the appearance of the gums - their pointed papillae become round or dome-shaped, and in this form of the disease, abundant deposits of soft and hard plaque are found.

hypertrophic gingivitis - less common than catarrhal, develops slowly with a progressive increase in the size and volume of the gingival papillae and constant bleeding from them. This sluggish chronic process, which leads to deformation of the gum line and diseases of the dental tissue.

ulcerative Gingivitis is characterized by the formation of erosions and ulcers on the surface of the gums.
Ulcerative necrotic is characterized by the appearance of areas of necrotic plaque in the affected areas, which, without treatment, begins to spread deep into the gums, cheeks, palate or inner mucosa of the lips. This is a severe type of gingivitis, accompanied by temperature fluctuations and signs of intoxication of the body.

atrophic Gingivitis is a chronic inflammatory process with the loss of the properties and functions of the gum tissue, it becomes thinner and therefore easily injured and bleeds during oral hygiene or normal food intake.

Dentists consider gingivitis to be the earliest manifestation of gum disease. Therefore, it often begins against the background of metabolic disorders in pregnant women, in puberty in adolescents, with poor nutrition in children or inadequate care for them. In these cases, the body "declares" violations in the hormonal system or in general metabolism through inflammation and bleeding of the gums. Here it is necessary to start treatment in a timely manner to correct the metabolic processes in patients or eliminate the infection.

Symptoms

With gingivitis caused by external causes, the disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

change in the color of the gums (redness, blue, the appearance of a whitish plaque, pathological formations);
change in their shape (growth, compaction or thinning);
swelling and exudate formation;
pain when eating, brushing teeth, rinsing the mouth;
the formation of plaque in the near-tooth space;
bad breath.

Gingivitis developing on the background of internal diseases has all the signs and symptoms of the underlying disease characteristic of it: intoxication, immunodeficiency, hormonal deficiency, metabolic disorders, etc.

Therefore, the symptoms and treatment in adults and children of this pathology are determined not only by dentists, but also by other doctors of narrow specialties (endocrinologists, hematologists, immunologists, infectious disease specialists).

Treatment

Therapy of gingivitis as an independent dental disease includes :

removal of dental deposits using professional ultrasonic or laser cleaning;
the use of anti-inflammatory local procedures (rinsing, applying gels, powders or ointments);
caries treatment;
irradiation of gums with LED devices;
maintaining daily hygiene of the oral cavity and teeth.

Before and after treatment (photo)

Ulcerative, necrotic and hypertrophic forms require the use surgical methods (cauterization with current, the use of cryo-freezing, mechanical removal of plaque and growths), as well as the passage of a course of antibacterial, infusion and restorative therapy.

If gingivitis has developed as a sign of a systemic disease, it is first of all treated, and the above methods are used as an addition to it.

Treatment at home

To relieve inflammation, you can use herbal remedies:

oak bark (a natural antiseptic with astringent properties) in the amount of 1 tbsp. a spoon in a glass of boiled water is simmered in a water bath for 15 minutes, after cooling it is used as a gum rinse;
celandine (helps stop bleeding), clean leaves of the plant are applied to problem areas with a fleecy side for 15-20 minutes;
sage (reduces swelling and inflammation), 2 tsp raw materials are poured with boiling water, infused for 30 minutes and cooled, rinse your mouth using 1/3 of the solution, 3 times a day.

In children treatment of gingivitis with herbs can be difficult due to their specific taste, so they are prepared for rinsing with soda (1 tsp per glass of boiled water) or manganese (3-5 crystals per 0.5 l.) solution. In the absence of allergies, you can lubricate the gums of babies with honey (only from the age of 2, when mastering the adult nutrition system).

To cure gingivitis quickly will help timely access to specialists, compliance with all their recommendations and steady implementation of appointments.

Video:

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums caused by mechanical, chemical, infectious factors. Often accompanied by swelling, bleeding. In rare cases, gingivitis is a warning sign of periodontal disease. According to statistics, adolescents, adults under thirty years of age and pregnant women are most often affected. In the latter category, the disease appears due to hormonal changes. In the absence of the necessary treatment, the pathology leads to more serious consequences - up to the loss of teeth.

Reasons for development

The beginning of the development of gingivitis occurs under the influence of many factors:

lack of regular oral care - leads to the appearance of microorganisms on the teeth (the most common cause);
non-professional dental treatment;
injuries, burns, tooth growth;
hormonal dysfunction, lack of vitamins;
disturbances in the work of the endocrine system, gastrointestinal tract;
immunodeficiency.

The appearance of gingivitis may be a consequence of the development of other diseases, such as allergies, diabetes, herpes.

Types and forms of the disease

A variety of pathology has several forms, which depend on the course of the disease and its stage, timely treatment:

Catarrhal (generalized) gingivitis. A common form, more common in childhood. Accompanied by bleeding and itching. It is easier to treat other types. The advanced stage of the disease can cause purulent gingivitis.
Ulcerative necrotic gingivitis (Vincent). The process of inflammation proceeds along with the appearance of ulcerations on the mucous membrane, the formation of areas of necrosis.
Hypertrophic gingivitis. Often develops in the anterior region of the jaw. Accompanied by the growth of the mucosa, which is removed surgically. The extreme form is fibrous gingivitis.
atrophic gingivitis. There is an exposure of the roots of the teeth, as the volume of the gum decreases.

Classification of the disease according to severity is: mild, moderate and severe. Downstream, gingivitis is divided into acute and chronic forms.

Chronic gingivitis is manifested in the form of redness and swelling of the gums. Most common in children and the elderly. Pathogenic microflora accumulates in plaque, destroying gum tissue. The course of chronic gingivitis proceeds in a weak form, with a mild inflammatory process. Gum disease can be mild, moderate or severe.

The acute form of gingivitis is accompanied by inflammation of the mucosa with reddening of the soft tissues around the teeth. Dental pockets, deposits are formed, painful sensations appear during eating. The gums are red and bleed when touched. Acute catarrhal gingivitis is accompanied by swelling and hyperemia of the gums.

Gingivitis in children

The reason for the development of childhood gingivitis is the emergence and spread of the microflora of dental plaque. Statistics show that dental disease occurs in children from two to four years old in 2% of cases, at an older age - the percentage is much higher. Why is the risk of the disease from an early age high? In childhood, active biological processes occur in tissues: various changes, loss and growth of teeth, hormonal changes. All these cycles are the basis for the development of gingivitis. Pathology can develop from malocclusion, wearing special devices for straightening teeth. Also a frequent factor in the appearance of gingivitis in childhood is a complication of stomatitis. The disease itself can be caused by various viruses. Viral gingivitis of the teeth is manifested in an increase in the mucous membrane, the formation of ulcers in the oral cavity. To provoke gingivitis in children up to a year old can be an infection that has got with dirty hands or toys that the baby pulls into his mouth. Pathology at such an early age is not common in babies, since for the most part parents try to keep cleanliness and monitor the hygiene of the child. Thus, the causes of gingivitis in childhood are many. By the age of 13, the incidence rate reaches high rates.

The first sign of the onset of the disease is reddening of the gums. The child becomes restless, digestion is disturbed. Swelling, pain and bleeding of the gums are observed with catarrhal gingivitis. If this process is not detected in a child in time, this will lead to the development of a more severe form - ulcerative gingivitis. This is the most serious disease, accompanied by bad breath, changes in the structure of the gums, pale skin, and malaise. The occurrence of an inflammatory process will be indicated by an increased body temperature of the child. In this case, the participation of a doctor is indispensable.

Gingivitis in adults

The most relevant for the adult group of people are infectious and allergic gingivitis. Often in adults, the disease manifests itself from the impact of traumatic factors:

alcohol abuse, smoking;
development of beriberi, allergies and other diseases;
eating disorders;
weakening of the immune system.

The primary task of the patient is to go to clinics for an accurate diagnosis of the disease, since the symptoms of gingivitis are similar to a number of other inflammatory pathologies. Detecting the disease at an early stage will prevent its spread and promote rapid treatment.

A group of people with weakened immune systems: pregnant women, HIV-infected people, diabetics are especially prone to morbidity. Women during pregnancy and lactation regularly have problems with their teeth, which can cause inflammation. Due to changes in the hormonal fund, the immune system weakens, the risk of infection increases, the gums are injured when eating solid food. Thus, the risk of developing traumatic gingivitis is increased.

People with diabetes are prone to developing gingivitis. The course of the disease leads to the destruction of many organs and tissues. Oral tissues also suffer. The appearance of gingivitis worsens the patient's condition, so it is extremely important to monitor the condition of the gums and teeth in diabetes.

Is gingivitis contagious?

To date, no evidence has been found that the disease is contagious. Whether gingivitis can be transmitted from a person, through dishes, personal contact has not been confirmed.

Which doctors to contact?

If you find the first signs of the disease, you should contact your dentist or periodontist. The doctor will diagnose, palpate and percussion if necessary. Prescribe treatment to eliminate predisposing factors for the development of gingivitis. At an advanced stage of the disease, surgical intervention can be performed.

Symptoms

In general, the symptoms of gingivitis in adults and children are very similar to those of periodontitis. Patients also experience reddening of the gums. They swell, hurt and increase significantly in size. It is not uncommon for patients to complain of bleeding gums after they have performed any manipulations with their teeth, such as brushing them or chewing solid foods.

In some cases, there may be discomfort, burning, itching, or even pain with gingivitis, which usually occurs during meals.

The most severe symptoms of gingivitis manifest themselves in adolescents and pregnant women, since during these periods the development of the inflammatory process can also be influenced by hormonal changes.

These are the main symptoms of gingivitis, which are noted by almost all patients. However, the signs of gingivitis may differ slightly depending on the form in which the disease is present in patients.

Acute catarrhal gingivitis

With this form of pathology, patients complain of burning and itching in the area of the affected gums. With gingivitis, bad breath, especially if the disease is in an acute form, is not uncommon. In some patients, taste preferences change in an abnormal direction (for example, you may want to eat soap or chalk). During oral hygiene, the foam of the toothpaste may acquire a pink tint, which is associated with pathological bleeding of the gums.

With catarrhal gingivitis, passing from chronic to acute, patients may experience severe pain in the process of taking even soft food. When brushing your teeth, the patient may feel a burning sensation due to severe irritation of the mucous membrane with chemicals.

Catarrhal gingivitis practically does not affect the general condition of the patient. Only in advanced cases, patients may notice weakness. The temperature with gingivitis can rise to a maximum of 38 degrees.

Symptoms of acute gingivitis are most common in young children during teething or changing milk teeth to permanent ones. However, this type of gingivitis can also accompany some infectious diseases, as well as diseases associated with disorders of the central nervous system.

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis

Chronic catarrhal gingivitis usually has a long course with mild symptoms. In this case, inflammation can affect only the gingival papillae, and can spread to the entire gum area.

On examination, these patients have swelling and enlargement of the gums in size. It acquires a reddish-cyanotic color and thickens. In some areas, the formation of erosions is possible, which, when touched, begin to bleed.

With all this, the integrity of the dentogingival connection is preserved. This often indicates the presence of periodontal pockets.

On examination, you can also see a large amount of plaque on the enamel. This is due to the fact that patients avoid brushing their teeth, fearing discomfort. In some cases, this plaque may be stained with blood or have food stains with a lot of dyes.

Hard green plaque is often found in the cervical region.

Catarrhal gingivitis does not affect the general well-being of the patient. Blood tests are within normal limits. Pathological changes in the bone tissue on the x-ray are also not observed.

Hypertrophic gingivitis

Hypertrophic gingivitis is a chronic form of the disease, which is accompanied by productive changes. As a rule, in children, this type of gingivitis spreads to certain areas of the gum, although it may seem that the disease has affected the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe gum. Most often, hypertrophic gingivitis can be found in areas with pathological changes in the bite, in the area where there is a strong chewing load, and also in the area of the incisors.

Based on the nature of pathological changes in the gums, hypertrophic gingivitis is divided into inflammatory and fibrous. According to the place of localization, gingivitis is divided into generalized and localized.

Localized gingivitis usually develops in patients whose gums have been damaged during dental treatment. Generalized gingivitis occurs in adolescents: as a result of hormonal changes, with beriberi, diseases of the circulatory system, or during the period of taking medications.

With hypertrophic gingivitis, strong changes occur with the papillae of the gums. They swell, increase in size, become loose, and their edges are heterogeneous. In some cases, the papillae become so large that they completely cover the dental crown and, because of this, are injured when chewing,

edematous gingivitis

With edematous gingivitis, patients experience a strong growth of gum tissue. They blush and itch. Often patients in this case note the appearance of an unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. Gingivitis affected gums can bleed and hurt, especially when eating.

Due to the pathological growth of the gums, patients may develop false gingival pockets, from which a white cloudy liquid periodically comes out.

Near the gums on the teeth there is a large amount of brightly colored plaque, which is difficult to remove. On the upper parts of the enlarged gingival papillae, necrotic phenomena may occur.

Fibrous hypertrophic gingivitis

This form of the disease in patients is relatively easy. Patients do not make any complaints, and if something bothers them, it is only an abnormal appearance of the gums.

In this case, the gums increase greatly, but at the same time they fit snugly against the tooth and practically do not bleed.

Ulcerative gingivitis

Usually, the symptoms of gingivitis in children in acute form appear after unsuccessful treatment of the catarrhal form of the disease. In this case, the presence of ulcers, erosions and foci of necrosis on the gums joins the signs of catarrhal gingivitis. A thick layer of greenish plaque appears on the tongue of the gums and teeth. Saliva becomes viscous.

If ulcerative gingivitis is present in a child, then he usually complains of feeling unwell. He eats badly, is naughty. In some cases, ulcerative gingivitis may be accompanied by signs of severe intoxication. With this form of gingivitis, the lymph nodes may increase slightly.

Usually, the presence of ulcerative gingivitis indicates serious problems with the patient's immunity. As a rule, the symptoms of ulcerative gingivitis occur after hypothermia or infectious diseases.

Atrophic gingivitis

This type of gingivitis usually occurs after improper gum treatment. With this form of the disease, atrophy of the marginal gum occurs in the initial stages, after which the process passes to the bone of the hole. The exposed neck of the tooth at the same time has a normal color and shine.

In the sky area, atrophic changes in the gums are much less pronounced. The color of the gums with this type of disease does not change. Pathology does not cause discomfort to the patient. The only thing that patients can complain about in this case is discomfort in the area of the affected gums when exposed to temperature stimuli.

Diagnostics

Gingivitis is an inflammatory process in the gums.

Diagnosis of gingivitis is made on the basis of data obtained using clinical and additional research methods. They include interviewing the patient and examining him. The survey is necessary to find out the reason for applying for an appointment, the duration and probable cause of the disease, its characteristics, the reason for the absence of other teeth, the conduct and results of treatment of dental diseases.

Of great importance is the anamnesis, including past and present diseases, applied therapeutic methods and a possible connection with periodontal pathology. It is worth familiarizing yourself with the diet, the degree of skills in caring for the oral cavity, the existing bad habits and dental diseases of close relatives.

Examination of the oral cavity allows you to determine the condition of the teeth, the edge of the gums, the frenulum of the tongue, the mucosa, the presence of tartar or plaque, the appearance and condition of the dentures.

The parameters of the gingival canal are measured with a special probe. The type and size of the exudate are determined visually or with the help of special strips with iodolol. The degree of tooth mobility is determined by dental tweezers. To study the pulp, electroodontometry is used - finding out the degree of sensitivity to irritation by electric current. Its decrease indicates the developing pathology of the pulp.

Also, for the diagnosis of gingivitis, the Schiller-Pisarev test, the Kulazhenko technique, the periodontal index RMA-index, the Fedorov-Volodkina hygiene index are used.

X-ray examination is used to determine the condition of bone tissue. It includes panoramic x-ray or orthopantomography. When shooting indoors, at least 8-10 shots are taken. In some cases, the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the tooth, visible in the picture, is a sign of a long-term pathology.

Signs of gingivitis

Signs of gingivitis are determined depending on the type of disease. Diagnosis of catarrhal gingivitis reveals bleeding gums, a large layer of soft plaque and foci of tartar in the complete absence of periodontal pockets.

Hypertrophic gingivitis is characterized by an increase in the gingival papillae. There is swelling, bleeding and the formation of false periodontal canals.

Ulcerative gingivitis is diagnosed by the presence of necrotic lesions (ulcers) on the papillae or on the gingival margin. There is an unpleasant odor and an increase in lymph nodes.

Types of change

With the development of gingivitis, 3 types of changes are distinguished:

Inflammatory nature of the pathology, large areas of osteoporosis, local destruction of bone tissue with the opening of the roots in varying degrees of distribution (bone abscess). The fuzzy border of inflammatory foci, areas of patchy osteoporosis and the destruction of the cortical plates are the leading signs of gingivitis. The last sign indicates the spread of the disease inside. The bone structure of the jaw is stable. All of these processes are located within the boundaries of the alveolar processes of the jaw and are a sign of periodontitis (inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth).
There is a structural restructuring of the jaw with further compaction and sclerosis. Spongy and cortical bone practically do not differ from each other. The structure of the cortical plate is partially changed, and the height of the interalveolar septa decreases. Sclerotic pathologies of the jawbone can be caused by the development of a destructive process associated with senile pathologies, structural features and dysfunction of the periodontal tissues.
Mixed variation. In this case, the inflammatory processes of the periodontium develop against the background of an altered bone structure of the jaw.

In some cases, it is necessary to conduct laboratory studies of blood biochemistry for the level of sugar, phosphorus or calcium. Of great importance for the diagnosis of gingivitis is the general health of the patient.

Differential Diagnosis

The differential diagnosis of gingivitis is a study that excludes diseases that are not suitable due to the occurrence or signs of an existing clinical picture. Gingivitis differs from other inflammatory diseases. Differential diagnosis of periodontal pathologies forms the patient's treatment parameters, re-examination time, and much more. This study is carried out to compare different forms of the same disease or pathologies with the same symptoms. The main difference between gingivitis and other diseases is that with it, inflammation affects only the gum tissue. The process does not apply to the muscles and tissues of the jaw bone. There is also no tooth mobility, root protrusion, periodontal pocket formation, and bone tissue resorption.

To determine the stage of periodontitis, the size of alveolar bone resorption is taken into account. Sometimes differential diagnosis is required to determine periodontal disease with a focus of inflammation or a chronic form of periodontitis. Periodontal disease also resembles senile periodontal pathologies. Similar signs are the distance of the gingival margin, tooth mobility and the destruction of bone tissue. Among the differences can be called selective tooth mobility, which occurs in periodontal disease and tooth wear in old age.

X-ray examination in the elderly reveals the compaction of the cortical layer of the interdental septa, the expansion of the periodontal gap and the appearance of a thickening of the cementum on the tooth root. Differential diagnosis during the period of remission is based on the anamnesis, X-ray materials and the results of clinical observation.

Differential diagnosis of gingivitis makes it possible to distinguish this group of diseases from the likely manifestation of symptoms of various diseases - tuberculosis, actinomycosis, syphilis and many others.

Treatment

The treatment of gingivitis depends entirely on the form in which the patient has the disease. Each form of pathology requires a special individual approach.

According to statistics, about 90% of patients come to the dentist due to the fact that they have not been engaged in the prevention of periodontitis and gingivitis, and they have developed pathological gum bleeding and tooth mobility. Therefore, it is very important to carry out prevention and treatment of gingivitis in children and adults in time.

Therapy of the catarrhal form

The reason for the development of catarrhal gingivitis is the formation of a thick layer of plaque on the teeth, consisting of various bacteria. Therefore, the treatment of gum gingivitis in this case should be aimed primarily at eliminating the cause of the pathology.

The patient can endlessly use various ointments, sprays, gels and rinses that have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, however, upon completion of the treatment process, the symptoms of the disease will still return.

Therefore, in order to eliminate gingivitis once and for all, you first need to get rid of plaque.

This procedure can be performed at any clinic that has a dentist. But you can use various anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs at home after consulting a doctor. Only he will tell exactly how to treat gingivitis in this case.

Stages of gingivitis treatment

It is impossible to cure gingivitis without eliminating the cause of the disease (plaque). It can be removed by a dentist using an ultrasound machine.

After the main layer of plaque is removed, the teeth will become rough, as the smallest particles of tartar and a thin layer of deposits will remain on them. Therefore, after removing plaque, dentists polish their teeth with a special device and therapeutic toothpaste.

If this item is ignored, then after a couple of weeks the patient will again come to the doctor with the same complaints. This is due to the fact that bacteria linger on a rough surface and, accordingly, the amount of plaque increases rapidly.

With a mild course of the disease, the dentist can perform 1 cleaning of the teeth, while in advanced cases, several procedures may be necessary.

As a rule, the result after this procedure is almost instantaneous.

Anti-inflammatory treatment

After removing the plaque, doctors without fail prescribe anti-inflammatory therapy to their patients. This item is especially important if the patient has severe swelling of the gums, its soreness, cyanosis and bleeding. If a patient has gingivitis, he can carry out treatment on his own with drugs prescribed by a doctor. With periodontitis, the patient will already need the help of a dentist, since in this case it is necessary to wash the gum pockets.

At home, to treat gingivitis, a patient can:

rinse the mouth with antiseptic solutions;
make applications on the affected areas with anti-inflammatory drugs;
use special toothpastes.

Sanitation of the oral cavity

The presence of carious teeth in the oral cavity is the strongest source of infection. For this reason, immediately after removing plaque from the teeth and conducting anti-inflammatory therapy, doctors recommend treating all teeth affected by caries. Thus, the risk of re-development of gingivitis will decrease many times over.

Learning how to properly brush your teeth

It is important to note that curing gingivitis is half the battle. If the patient does not adhere to the rules of hygiene or does not properly carry out oral hygiene, then gingivitis will return sooner or later. The dentist will tell you how to properly care for the teeth of a particular patient.

Therapy for ulcerative gingivitis

Ulcerative gingivitis occurs if adequate treatment of catarrhal gingivitis has not been carried out in time. Only a dentist can treat ulcerative gingivitis. In addition to the above procedures, most likely, the treatment of ulcerative gingivitis will also require surgical eruption of gingivitis, as well as the use of antibacterial (drugs of the penicillin and tetracycline group) and anti-inflammatory drugs, the use of sorbents and drugs that stimulate the healing of the mucosa. For pain relief, patients are allowed to use ibuprofen, ketanes, and paracetamol.

Therapy for hypertrophic gingivitis

Hypertrophic gingivitis is edematous and fibrous. Therefore, the treatment of hypertrophic gingivitis can be different.

Since edematous gingivitis most often occurs due to hormonal disorders in the body, first of all, everything must be done to eliminate them. In addition, it is also required to remove plaque and treat gum gingivitis with anti-inflammatory drugs.

If these measures do not help, dentists inject sclerosing drugs into the hypertrophied papillae of the gums.

The course of treatment with injections is selected by the doctor based on the nature of the course of the disease. Most often it consists of 3-4 injections, which are given every 2-3 days.

Therapy for fibrous gingivitis

Fibrous gingivitis most often occurs as a result of exposure to the gum of a traumatic factor (for example, an overhanging crown). Therefore, first of all, the treatment of gum gingivitis should be aimed at eliminating this factor.

After that, the dentist removes plaque and prescribes anti-inflammatory drugs.

Treatment of fibrous gingivitis is almost never complete without surgical excision of the affected gum tissue. Modern dentists use a laser to treat fibrous gingivitis. Influencing high temperatures, the doctor destroys the affected tissues, prevents infection and performs vascular coagulation at the same time.

Gingivitis treatment at home

It is possible to treat gingivitis at home, however, it is necessary that the whole process is controlled by a dentist. In this case, the doctor should also perform the main therapeutic measures, for example, remove plaque from the teeth with catarrhal gingivitis and polish them.

Unfortunately, often patients self-medicate and unsuccessfully try to eliminate the symptoms of the pathology, while ignoring its causes.

At home, doctors recommend treating gum gingivitis with folk remedies. For this, rinsing of gingivitis of the oral cavity with decoctions of linden flowers, chamomile, eucalyptus, oregano or sage is most often prescribed. It is important to note that these products can form a dark plaque on the teeth. Therefore, it is better to use homeopathic preparations based on these plants for gingivitis.

Vitamins A, C and E will also be of great benefit in the treatment of the disease.

However, such treatment should be exclusively auxiliary and by no means the main one. It should be carried out only on the recommendation of the attending physician. This is especially important in the treatment of gingivitis in pregnant women.

With timely diagnosis and treatment of complications, gingivitis practically does not happen, since periodontal pockets remain intact in this pathology.

Medications

After the doctor removes plaque and calculus from the tooth, he, as a rule, prescribes the treatment of gingivitis to the patient with drugs that have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and stimulating tissue regeneration properties.

Doctors can prescribe these drugs in the form of gels, ointments, creams, and so on. The choice of medicine and its form is carried out by the dentist, depending on the severity of the disease and the nature of its course.

It should be noted that the use of drugs should be carried out only after the sanitation of the oral cavity. In addition, the dentist must eliminate the underlying cause that caused the disease. So, with hormonal disorders, he can prescribe hormonal drugs or, for example, vitamins for gingivitis, indicated for beriberi.

Otherwise, the patient will remove the symptoms of the pathology, but will not eliminate its causes.

Therefore, you can not self-medicate. Only a dentist knows for sure how to treat gingivitis in adults, and how in children.

Lincomycin

Lincomycin for gingivitis has been used for several days. It has a negative effect on gram-positive bacteria, resulting in their death.

On the pharmaceutical market, lincomycin is presented in the form of a self-adhesive film, tablets, ointments and injection solutions. Lincomycin for gingivitis is usually used in the first three forms. Treatment of gingivitis with this antibiotic can stop the process of pus formation in the shortest possible time.

This tool accumulates in the bone tissue and therefore can prevent the development of many complications. In addition, the body's addiction to it develops very slowly (unlike other antibiotics). In dentistry, its use is often combined with the use of lidocaine (an anesthetic).

Any antibiotics for gingivitis (including lincomycin) should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor, since if used incorrectly, the patient may experience the following phenomena:

changes in the composition of the blood;
disruption of the digestive system;
swelling;
skin rashes;
allergic reactions up to anaphylactic shock.

Ointment for gingivitis based on lincomycin is categorically contraindicated in pregnant women, patients with diseases of the liver and kidneys, with individual intolerance to the components of the drug. This medicine is not recommended to be combined with other antibiotics and alcohol intake. Before giving antibiotics for gingivitis to children, you should also consult a doctor. It is especially important to do this if the patient decides to take pills for gingivitis.

Metrogyl denta

Metrogyl denta is one of the favorite medicines of dentists. It has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action. It is recommended to apply it to the edge of the gum, bordering on the dental tissue, as well as dental papillae in the morning and evening. After using the medicine, you can drink liquid, but you should refuse to eat for 3 hours. The duration of taking this drug is chosen by the dentist. Metrogyl denta for gingivitis can be used by children from 6 years of age.

Toothpastes

As a preventive measure, as well as for treatment, dentists recommend using special toothpastes for gingivitis. Most often, doctors for gingivitis prescribe Lacalut and Paradontax pastes. The latter incorporates herbal extracts and salt minerals. That is why it has a slightly salty aftertaste.

Due to their composition, toothpastes can effectively eliminate swelling, bleeding and inflammation of the gums. However, doctors do not recommend using such pastes for too long. Ideally, after using 1-2 tubes, the patient should switch to toothpastes containing a large amount of fluoride.

Solcoseryl

Solcoseryl is a drug that doctors prescribe to patients with erosive, ulcerative and inflammatory lesions of the gums. Solcoseryl with gingivitis should be applied directly to the affected area. Solcoseryl is available in the form of ointment and toothpaste. It should be noted that the ointment for the treatment of gingivitis is not recommended. After application, the medicine envelops the gum and thus has a therapeutic and protective effect at the same time.

Before using the product, you should consult your doctor.

Holisal

Holisal is another drug that is actively used against gingivitis and similar diseases. This remedy has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect. It comes in the form of a gel.

This gel for gums with gingivitis does not contain gene modifications, sugar and toxic substances. Therefore, in most cases, it is easily tolerated by patients, does not have an irritating effect.

Patients notice the analgesic effect already 2-3 minutes after applying the gel. This effect lasts for 3-4 hours.

As a rule, dentists recommend using Holisal for gingivitis after meals before going to bed. It can be both rubbed into the gums and compresses. The method of application in this case should be chosen by the dentist.

Cholisal is well tolerated by patients and is sold in pharmacies without a doctor's prescription. The drug for gingivitis is not recommended for pregnant women, as well as patients with intolerance to the components of the drug. Before treating gingivitis in children with holisal, you should consult your doctor.

Among the side effects of the drug are allergic reactions. With an overdose of the drug, patients complain of noise in the head, dizziness, nausea, increased sweating. If a significant amount of the drug enters the esophagus, it is recommended to do gastric lavage with manganese.

Malavit

Malavit is a nuropathic remedy for gingivitis, made from plant materials. As a rule, it is used to eliminate inflammation in combination with drugs or to prevent inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.

To achieve a tangible effect, it takes a long time to use the remedy for the treatment of gingivitis.

Malavit with gingivitis is used for rinsing and creating applications.

Chlorhexidine

Chlorhexidine is another gingivitis medicine that comes in the form of bigluconate. Chlorhexidine with gingivitis has a powerful anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial effect. Thanks to this tool, the patient can prevent the spread of infection to healthy tissues.

This tool is available in the form of a gel, cream, aerosols, solutions and suppositories. Candles are not used to treat gingivitis. Everything else can be safely used after consulting a doctor. In dentistry, it has gained particular popularity due to its long-term effect. Since the medicine after use envelops the gums and prevents the development of pathogenic bacteria on them.

However, like any medicine, chlorhexidine has some contraindications, among which are:

pregnancy and lactation period;
childhood;
individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects from a drug usually occur if the patient has been using it for too long and often. In this case, patients complained of loss of taste, irritation of the mucous membranes, as well as discoloration of the enamel and fillings. Therefore, before rinsing your mouth with chlorhexidine for gingivitis, you need to consult a specialist.

Miramistin

Miramistin is the closest analogue of chlorhexidine. It also has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. However, unlike chlorhexidine, miramistin has a milder effect on gingivitis and can affect both bacteria and viruses.

Folk remedies

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the gums can provoke a common disease - gingivitis. Appears as a result of non-observance of oral hygiene, lack of vitamins, abuse of bad habits. The spread of bacteria on the surface of the teeth can lead to more serious consequences: periodontal disease, tooth loss. You can prevent the appearance of gingivitis by observing elementary rules: brush your teeth regularly, do not abuse alcohol and tobacco, and visit the dentist in a timely manner. If a person has already begun to have an illness, treatment begins with a visit to the doctor. Traditional medicine effectively contributes to the detection, prevention and treatment of the disease. The dentist removes plaque from the patient, conducts anti-inflammatory therapy, and prescribes treatment.

How to treat gingivitis at home

Treatment of gingivitis in the traditional way is very effective, but traditional medicine is also practiced quite successfully. Such methods are used as additional ones, it is advisable to consult a doctor. The fight against the disease with folk remedies helps to get rid of discomfort in the oral cavity, reduce bleeding and relieve inflammation of the gums. Folk methods of treating gingivitis include: rinsing with decoctions of herbs, berries, using lotions.

The most common method of treatment for an ailment is a decoction of oak bark. The recipe is simple: one tablespoon of the dry mixture and 1 cup of boiling water are combined in a saucepan, covered with a lid. Put the mixture in a water bath and hold for 15-20 minutes. Then decant the broth into a glass and add water until the full volume is obtained. Rinse the mouth with this decoction twice daily for a week. Oak bark with gingivitis is very useful, has an antiseptic effect. A warm decoction of herbs can be prepared from calendula: 1 tbsp. l. dry flowers and sea buckthorn are mixed, pour 400 gr. water. The mixture is put on fire and brought to a boil for 20 minutes. The broth is filtered. Rinse your mouth with a ready-made decoction at least 3 times, daily for a week.

Against swelling of the gums, a mixture of chamomile and sage does an excellent job. One spoonful of dried flowers is poured with hot water in the amount of 0.5 liters and brought to a boil. Boil for one minute and turn off the fire. Then the decoction is infused for 15 minutes. An infusion of herbs is used when rinsing the mouth. The liquid is taken into the mouth and incubated for up to 5 minutes, then spit out. The whole decoction is used and this is repeated three times a day.

Soda solution helps to relieve pain. Soda for gingivitis is used in the following way: it is mixed with a small amount of water and applied along the gums. Then brush your teeth with a toothbrush. Baking soda helps eliminate bad breath, polishes teeth, and removes food debris. Iodine will also help to cope with pain. Acts as an antiseptic and disinfects the gum area. Helps fight fungus and bacteria. A few drops of iodine are applied to a piece of cotton wool. The poultice is applied to the inflammatory area. The action of iodine occurs in a matter of minutes.

Oils and massage for gingivitis

Treatment of gingivitis at home involves not only rinsing with decoctions of herbs, but also massaging the gums. This method of treatment improves blood circulation, preventing loosening of the gums. Massage is performed in the following way: the upper or lower gums are clasped on both sides with two fingers. Perform circular movements from right to left, then vice versa. The most beneficial effect has a massage with the use of essential oils. Before the procedure, one drop of essential oil (tea tree, fir, eucalyptus) is applied to the fingertips. Then proceed to massage the gums, which lasts about ten minutes. There is no need to rinse your mouth after the procedure.

Sea buckthorn oil is effective as a lotion, has healing and anti-inflammatory properties. A few drops of sea buckthorn oil are applied to a piece of sterile gauze, applied to the gums for an hour. Repeat the procedure once a day.

The use of recipes for folk remedies for gingivitis, in combination with taking medications prescribed by a doctor, will help get rid of the disease in a short time. In any case, it is recommended to consult a specialist and choose the appropriate treatment method. Ways to prevent the disease will help to avoid the development of the disease. Compliance with the recommendations of the dentist, regular sanitation of the oral cavity, rinsing with antiseptics - all these actions will help to forget about gingivitis forever.

The information is for reference only and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. At the first symptoms of the disease, consult a doctor.