How to treat the liver and bile ducts. Treatment of the liver and biliary tract with the methods of Tibetan medicine

In the modern world, the number of diseases of the liver and gallbladder is steadily increasing. Already about 30% of the world's population suffers from some form of liver disorder. Gastroenterologists most often hear complaints related to these diseases. For this reason, it is necessary to highlight the topic of diseases of the liver and biliary tract in order to warn you of possible danger.

The liver is one of the most important organs. It performs several functions that are aimed at maintaining the functioning of all organ systems. This is a real filter that nature has given us, the first line of defense against toxins, pesticides and other harmful substances. This body has a unique ability to process harmful substances into neutral ones and easily remove them from the body.
Another important function of the liver is the production of proteins that remove toxins from the blood, supply it with blood cells - platelets, which are responsible for clotting. And this is not all the functions of the liver, however, even based on these, we can say that the liver is one of the most important organs. It is for this reason that it must be protected from the negative influence of the factors of the modern surrounding world.

Diseases of the liver and biliary tract are characterized by a particular danger to human health and life. Therefore, the symptoms should not be neglected. Immediately contact a medical facility when the first signs of illness appear, undergo regular examination of the whole body. Only in this way you can avoid complications and significant harm to health!

Symptoms

Diseases of the liver and biliary tract share several common symptoms. The appearance of even one of them is a serious reason for visiting a medical institution.

1. Asthenic syndrome. This is a whole complex of different symptoms, which is characteristic of many diseases. It includes increased fatigue, loss of appetite, decreased performance, daytime sleepiness and insomnia at night, a depressive state.
2. Disorder of the digestive system. Diarrhea, constipation, fecal consistency changes (this is due to the fact that the absorption function deteriorates, and most of the nutrients are excreted from the body). Heaviness or feeling of fullness in the stomach, belching of air.
3. Pain in the upper abdomen and in the right hypochondrium (in the region of the liver).
4. An increase in body temperature up to a fever.
5. Change in skin color. This may be due to the ingestion of bilirubin into the blood. In this case, the skin and mucous membrane of the eyes become yellow. This is most characteristic of hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. With other diseases, the skin may become pale.

All these symptoms are associated with deterioration of the liver and biliary tract. Among other things, each specific pathology is also characterized by its own specific symptoms, which make it possible to identify the disease.

Pain in the upper abdomen and in the right hypochondrium - symptoms of diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Brief description of diseases

Below we list only the most famous and common diseases.

Hepatitis

Not the most dangerous disease when compared with other liver diseases, but the most common. There are three types of hepatitis: A, B and C. The last two of them are the most dangerous for humans and can even result in death if proper treatment is not carried out.

The greatest danger today is viral hepatitis. It is transmitted through fluids and mucous membranes from person to person. Infection through the personal belongings of the patient is not excluded. The danger of the virus lies in several aspects:

1. High survival rates outside the human body.
2. The incubation period and the disease itself are asymptomatic for a long time, which complicates the diagnosis and treatment.

Fortunately, all forms of hepatitis are now treatable with medication. However, in order to avoid possible complications and the development of the disease into a chronic form, it is necessary to contact a medical facility as soon as possible.

Cirrhosis of the liver is a disease that still has no definitive cure.

cirrhosis

This disease is much more dangerous than the previous one, as it is still not amenable to definitive treatment. Unfortunately, recently doctors have noted an increase in the popularity of this disease in Russia. For the most part, this is due to alcohol addiction. Even if the disease is detected at an early stage, one can only achieve an extension of the patient's life. Fortunately, doctors are able to extend life significantly.

During cirrhosis of the liver, healthy liver cells (hepatocytes) are replaced by connective tissue that cannot perform the same functions. As a result, liver failure develops, which can lead to serious consequences for the body. By and large, the liver ceases to perform its functions, and the body can no longer withstand the previous loads. The work of all organs is disrupted, which leads to death.

There is still a way out. You can take advantage of the achievements of modern medicine, which, unfortunately, cost a lot of money today.

• The first is a liver transplant. It is quite difficult to find a donor, and the operation itself may be impossible for a variety of reasons. At the same time, there is no complete certainty that someone else's liver will perform all functions in full. An organism weakened by an illness can reject foreign tissue.
• The second is stem cells. The decision is more optimistic, but the cost is even higher, and the event itself is held in another country. Its essence is quite simple on paper and incredibly complex in execution. Doctors take material from the patient's body. They then grow similar cells in the lab and inject them into the patient's body. Thus, the liver is restored, and cirrhosis is completely cured. Unfortunately, even this innovative method does not give a 100% chance of curing the disease.

Gallstone disease is a disease of the biliary tract and gallbladder, it affects 10% of the world's population over 40 years old.

Cholecystitis

This is an inflammation of the gallbladder. It is also a fairly common disease of the abdominal organs. Today, about 15% of the adult population is diagnosed with cholecystitis worldwide. Unfortunately, the number of cases only grows as a percentage over time. Doctors attribute this fact to a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet and other negative factors of the modern world.

Treatment of cholecystitis, as well as diseases of the biliary tract, must be performed in a complex manner. The attending physician must take into account a huge number of factors. It is necessary to relieve symptoms, ensure the proper functioning of the liver and biliary tract, normalize the composition of bile, and much more. An experienced doctor will always take into account the characteristics of your body and prescribe adequate treatment.

Cholelithiasis

This is a disease of the biliary tract and gallbladder. In the modern world, it affects 10% of the world's population over 40 years old. There are quite a few reasons for the appearance, and all of them are due to modern conditions. This is a sedentary lifestyle, irregular meals, pregnancy, obesity, other diseases of the biliary tract and gallbladder.

Treatment can be carried out both surgically and therapeutically. Dissolution of stones with the help of special medicines. There is a modern method using shock waves.

To cure any disease of the biliary tract, liver or gallbladder, the patient must follow a certain diet. It is necessary to completely exclude alcohol, fried, fatty and pickled.

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The treatment of any disease promises to be successful if its symptoms are detected at an early stage. In order to prevent many health problems, it is necessary to distinguish between diseases and their symptoms and treatment. Timely assistance in case of malfunctions in the body will give a great chance for recovery. Having lost time, it will be difficult to hope for a favorable prognosis, because without the normal functioning of these organs, the coordinated work of the whole organism is simply impossible. Symptoms of all diseases of the hepatobiliary system are similar.

Diseases of the liver and gallbladder

The absence of severe symptoms in diseases of the gallbladder and liver is the main difficulty in making a diagnosis. Even serious illnesses often go unrecognized for a long time. There are many of them, and a special deceit lies in their invisibility to a sick person.

infectious diseases

The liver and gallbladder are often attacked by viruses and bacteria. Both acute and chronic are dangerous, E. Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus often become provocateurs of bacterial infections. Sometimes helminths alveococcus, echinococcus settle in the liver. Common causative agents of diseases are fungi - Candida or Cryptococcus.

Symptoms are similar to those of other diseases:

• pain in the right side of the peritoneum;
• fever, severe sweating;
• discoloration of urine to dark, discolored feces;
• , mucous membranes, sclera;
• vomiting that does not bring relief, nausea.

If a gallstone is to blame for a serious condition, then a cholecystectomy is performed - the bladder is completely removed. Antibiotics are prescribed after the operation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is necessary to place a stent or to get rid of small stones.

Stones and sand

And the gallbladder is such that it can cause the formation of stones if there is a metabolic disorder in the body. The disease is called, but it has a more well-known synonym -. More often, cholesterol stones, localized in the bile ducts and bladder, act as an obstacle. Signs indicating stones in the biliary tract are a feeling of fullness in the stomach, heartburn, nausea, belching, and flatulence. With biliary colic, the symptoms are different:

• cramping pain in the liver, it gives to the chest;
• fever accompanied by chills;
• nausea or vomiting;
• yellowness of the skin and sclera, if the calculus is stuck in the bile duct.

In an acute attack, the pain syndrome is first removed, then the time comes. Use the endoscopic method. If there are no signs of acute inflammation, the stones are destroyed by the shock wave method - lithotripsy.

Impaired motor function (dyskinesia)

This disease of the biliary system causes dysmotility of the bladder and bile ducts, defects. Since the muscles work intermittently, there are problems with the excretion of bile. There are two forms. Their symptoms are different:

1. Hypotonic. Due to insufficient muscle contraction, bile flows out of the bladder constantly. There is a feeling of heaviness, pain in the hypochondrium on the right, radiating to the back. Frequent nausea, vomiting.
2. Hypertensive. The bubble is reduced, so the bile cannot be evacuated. Acute pain migrates to the back, neck, jaw. Attacks appear after eating, last about 30 minutes. Other signs are weakness, migraine, vomiting or nausea, lack of appetite.

Sometimes a mixed form is diagnosed, which combines the signs of hypertonic and hypotonic.

Therapy of this disease requires a set of measures: tough, drugs that accelerate the excretion of bile (Allochol, Holiver). The reception of antispasmodics that relieve pain (Drotaverine, Papaverine, No-shpa) is shown.

Toxic Lesions

Such diseases of the gallbladder and liver are not uncommon. Exposure to toxins after taking alcohol, medications, household chemicals or drugs leads to cirrhosis. With prolonged contact with toxic substances, symptoms may be absent for a long time. In cases of severe damage, typical symptoms appear:

• yellow tint of the skin, mucous membranes, sclera, darkening of urine, light stools;
• pain, discomfort in the umbilical zone and right hypochondrium;
• nausea, vomiting, bloating;
• bitterness, loss of appetite;
• vascular "asterisks", reddening of the skin (erythema) on the soles, palms,;
• hardening of the liver;
• disturbances of consciousness.

Treatment includes a mandatory diet, taking antidotes, antihistamines, antibiotics. If they are ineffective, they decide on liver transplantation.

Vascular problems

Violations of the function of the liver, as well as the biliary tract and bladder can provoke cardiovascular diseases - arrhythmia, heart failure, a state of shock. A possible response of the biliary system is hepatopathy (stagnation of venous blood), ischemic hepatitis, pylephlebitis (inflammation of the portal vein), thrombosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis.

Signs of these diseases:

• heaviness in the sternum, hypochondrium;
• temperature increase;
• nausea, vomiting;
• chair instability;
• hives.

Consequences of other diseases of the body

Diseases of other organs sometimes affect the liver and biliary system. Heart failure is the cause. When leukemia develops (an increase in the size of the liver). Kidney disease leads to kidney failure. Violation of protein metabolism (amyloidosis) affects all organs, it does not bypass the liver.

Symptoms of diseases vary, but in each case, observe:

• weight loss
• chronic fatigue;
• liver enlargement;
• nausea, diarrhea.

General symptoms

To find out what hurts - the liver or, you do not need to be a doctor. The liver itself cannot hurt, since it does not have nerve endings. With an increase in the liver due to hepatosis or inflammation, the capsule in which the organ is located is stretched. It can give aching pain. But the bile hurts more clearly: the sensations are sharp, cutting, pulling, pressing.

The list of characteristic ones may also indicate a malfunction in a neighboring organ. It is necessary to take action if there are such signs:

• causeless weakness;
• unusual color of urine and stool;
• enlargement of organs: liver, spleen (not always);
• frequent or recurrent pain in the right hypochondrium;
• yellowish color of the skin, sclera, mucous membranes;
• vascular "asterisks";
• skin itching;
• muscle and joint pain.

How are liver and gallbladder diseases diagnosed?

Pulling or colicky pain in the liver area is a sufficient reason for going to a medical facility. allows you to accurately differentiate almost any disease:

• determines the increase in organs, structural changes, allows you to recognize hepatitis, tumors, cirrhosis.
• used for suspected cirrhosis, cancer and infectious diseases, in cases of fever of unknown origin.
• CT quickly reveals malignant neoplasms, hepatitis, cirrhosis.
• Positron emission tomography indicates the presence of tumors,.
• Cholecystography with the introduction of a contrast agent assesses the condition of the bile ducts and bladder.

What can be done to improve the condition and functioning of organs

It is possible to normalize the functioning of the liver and biliary system. This will help prevent diseases. A sick liver or gallbladder is necessary, unloading all the digestive organs.

Its requirements are simple but effective:

• frequent meals in small portions;
• large volume of fluid - at least 1.5 liters daily;
• restriction of animal and vegetable fats;
• refusal of spicy, sour, smoked, fried foods;
• exclusion of pastries, muffins, coffee, cocoa, alcohol, carbonated drinks.

You can only eat what is in the gallbladder. These are mashed soups from cereals or vegetables, lean meats, fish and non-caloric fermented milk products.

Some indulgence in the diet is possible, but it is often not recommended to do this.

Traditional medicine has its own arsenal to improve the condition of the gland, biliary tract and bladder.

1. The collection is made from the leaves of wormwood and sage in a ratio of 1: 1. A teaspoon of the mixture is brewed with a glass of boiling water, left for an hour. Then they filter, drink the infusion warm three times a day, 100 ml each.
2. Sunflower oil (1/4 cup) is slightly heated in a water bath, drunk in the morning on an empty stomach or in the evening before going to bed. Then they go to bed on their right side, put a heating pad under it. This method is called. It is recommended for chronic pathologies of the liver, as well as the biliary tract and bladder.

Proper gentle nutrition, correct treatment, supplemented by alternative medicine recipes, will improve the functioning of diseased organs. Refusal of bad habits and timely help from a doctor will consolidate the result.

Literature

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Liver is a gland that, in addition to numerous metabolic functions, plays a fundamental role in digestion.
Occurs in the liver bile production- an essential enzyme for the digestion of fats. Bile is stored in the gallbladder and enters the small intestine through bile ducts after every meal.

Except bile production, an essential enzyme for the digestion of fats, the liver performs various functions:
the metabolism of nutrients that enter the body through the digestive tract is a necessary process for organic absorption;
accumulation of carbohydrates in the form of glycogen; some minerals and vitamins;
purification of the blood from decay products (bilirubin, ammonia, etc.), hormones and drugs, the accumulation of which in the body will cause poisoning;
synthesis of substances, especially proteins and vitamins.

Anatomy of the gallbladder.

Hepatitis B virus under an electron microscope.

Diseases of the liver and biliary tract constitute a small group of diseases of the abdomen.

They proceed for a long time, chronically, giving patients a lot of trouble, the need to be treated on an outpatient basis, in a hospital, and sometimes undergo operations.

Biliary dyskinesia.

Biliary dyskinesia This is a disorder of the tone of the bile ducts, manifested by a violation of the outflow of bile from the liver into the duodenum, which is accompanied by the appearance of pain in the right hypochondrium.

This disease is often found in people suffering from neurasthenia, after various diseases of the internal organs, after suffering viral hepatitis, allergies and other things.

Dyskinesia is characterized by sharp colicky pains in the right hypochondrium, radiating to the right shoulder blade, right shoulder. Pain is short-term, repeated several times a day. The patient's body temperature is normal, the liver is not enlarged, sweating, frequent pulse, weakness, depression, and irritability often appear.

Dyskinesia can also occur in a different, as it were, delayed type. This is characterized by constant, dull, aching pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea, belching, bitterness in the mouth, slight bloating, slight pain in the right hypochondrium during examination, the liver is not enlarged. For dyskinesia, the connection of pain with unrest, neuro-emotional stress, and stress is typical. Laboratory data for this pathology are not typical.

In terms of examination, patients undergo duodenal sounding (conducting a soft-elastic probe with a metal olive at the end into the duodenum) to control the release of bile into the intestine, as a rule, no pathology is observed here. With cholecystography (X-ray examination of the gallbladder) and ultrasound, the gallbladder is determined to be flaccid, distended, congestive. With a sharply painful form, the bubble quickly contracts, small in size, rounded. In terms of the treatment of the disease, injections of non-narcotic painkillers and antispasmodics are made.

Cholangitis

Cholangitis is an inflammatory process in the bile ducts with lesions of small ducts (cholangiolitis) and larger extra- and intrahepatic ducts. Choledochitis is inflammation of the common bile duct. Papillitis, inflammation of the outlet section of the common bile duct into the duodenum, where there is a muscle pulp from smooth muscles that regulates the release of bile. Cholangitis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, helminths. In its course, it also differs in acute and chronic. Cholangitis can be caused by tumor processes in the area of ​​the duodenum and extrahepatic bile ducts, the presence of stones in the biliary system, inflammation of the pancreas, and postoperative complications.

Acute cholangitis at the beginning of its development in the 1st stage, it is characterized by a rise in body temperature with pronounced recurring chills. The onset of the disease is sudden. Body temperature rises daily or 1 time in 2-3 days. Characteristic, vomiting, lowering blood pressure. In the next 2nd stage of the disease, an enlargement of the liver joins the above symptoms, it becomes painful on palpation, there is a slight jaundice of the eyes and skin. In the next 3rd stage, if there is no improvement, a picture of liver failure develops with severe jaundice, impaired cardiac activity, collapses are possible, pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) often occurs, and finally, in the 4th stage, severe liver failure and coma develops. Acute catarrhal cholangitis is manifested by fever, chills, enlargement and soreness of the liver, but the severity of intoxication does not reach a severe degree. Purulent cholangitis is very difficult, characterized by severe intoxication, up to the development of bacterial shock. Not infrequently, damage to the central nervous system in the form of prostration, confusion, purulent cholangitis is often complicated by local abscesses, exudative pleurisy and inflammation of the pleura, lung abscess, peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum), pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas).

Cholangitis chronic- chronic inflammation of all bile ducts, extrahepatic and intrahepatic. It can proceed in the form of a latent (hidden) form. Pain and soreness in the right hypochondrium are weak or absent, there are chills, a slight increase in temperature, occasionally skin itching, slight yellowness of the skin, a gradual increase in the liver. Recurrent form: pain and soreness in the right hypochondrium, nausea, bitterness in the mouth, skin itching, jaundice in the period of exacerbation, fever, prolonged fever is possible, the liver, spleen are enlarged, dense to the touch. Protracted septic form - a severe course with fever, chills, pain in the right hypochondrium, enlarged liver, spleen, severe intoxication, kidney damage, jaundice. Stenosing form - general weakness, malaise, fever, chills, itchy skin, jaundice, enlarged liver, spleen, often combined with ulcerative colitis. In the later stages of chronic cholangitis, severe cirrhosis of the liver may develop.

Cholecystitis chronic calculous.

Chronic calculous cholecystitis- a chronic inflammatory disease of the gallbladder, accompanied by the formation of stones in it. Gallstone disease is caused by the same factors as non-calculous cholecystitis. In addition, cholesterol metabolism disorders leading to stone formation, primarily diabetes mellitus, obesity, gout, and atherosclerosis, play an important role. Congenital factors contribute to the formation of pigment stones. Of great importance is a violation of rational nutrition - excessive consumption of foods rich in fat, containing cholesterol ( fatty meat, fish, eggs, butter ), cereals and flour dishes, which contribute to a shift in the reaction of bile to the acid side, which reduces the solubility of cholesterol. The development of gallstone disease is promoted by hypovitaminosis A, plus hereditary factors. Predisposing to the development of cholelithiasis predisposes pregnancy, irregular nutrition, hereditary factors, bowel disease in the past, viral hepatitis, in the past, rich in fat and overnutrition, chronic obstruction of the duodenum, which disrupts the outflow of bile from the gallbladder and contributes to the formation of stones.

gallstones are formed as a result of precipitation and crystallization of the main components of bile. This process is facilitated by dyskinesia, changes in the composition of bile, inflammation, stagnation of bile. Most often, stones form in the gallbladder, less often in the bile and hepatic ducts.

With an exacerbation of liver and gallbladder disease, it is recommended to switch to a sparing one, after consulting with your doctor.

There are the following types of gallstones:

1. Homogeneous homogeneous stones, 1. cholesterol stones, are formed on the basis of metabolic disorders, most often in obese patients, without inflammation in the gallbladder, X-ray negative. 2. Pigmented, bilirubin stones, are also formed in an aseptic environment. 3 lime stones, are rare.

2. mixed stones, the vast majority of all gallstones. The core consists of organic matter, around which layers of three main elements are deposited - cholesterol, bile pigments, calcium salts.

3. complex stones are a combination of both forms. The core of the stone contains cholesterol, and the shell is mixed (calcium, bilirubin, cholesterol). These stones occur during inflammatory processes in the gallbladder and biliary tract.

The mechanism of formation of gallstones can be as follows:

1. Supersaturation of bile with cholesterol and activation of lipid (fat) oxidation in it.

2. Reducing the content of protein substances in bile.

3. A sharp decrease or complete absence of the fatty complex in bile, this complex prevents the crystallization of cholesterol and the formation of stones.

4. Under the influence of nutritional imbalance, allergies, microflora, inflammation develops in the gallbladder wall with mucus secretion.

5. Cholesterol is deposited in lumps of mucus.

6. Merging and growth of lumps leads to the formation of cholesterol gallstones, pigments penetrate into the stone, forming its core.

Symptoms of chronic calculous cholecystitis are very characteristic, it begins:

1. Intense paroxysmal pain in the right hypochondrium, radiating to the right shoulder, right shoulder blade, right collarbone, right neck, accompanied by vomiting, bitterness, dry mouth, skin itching, fever, chills.

2. Jaundice then appears in some patients.

3. This is followed by tension and sharp pain in the right hypochondrium, in the projection of the gallbladder during examination.

4. After the attack of pain subsides, an enlarged gallbladder and the edge of the liver are felt. Cholecystography and ultrasound of the gallbladder reveal stones against the background of the above-described changes in the gallbladder.

Cholecystitis chronic non-calculous

Chronic cholecystitis non-calculous (calculous) - a chronic, multi-causal inflammatory disease of the gallbladder, usually combined with impaired function of the biliary system.

1. Stagnation of bile (biliary dyskinesia, pregnancy, obesity, negative emotions).

2. Violation of the diet.

3. Influences from the organs of the abdominal cavity during the development of inflammatory processes in them ..

4. Postponed acute cholecystitis.

5. Intestinal dysbacteriosis.

The main mechanisms for the development of chronic non-calculous cholecystitis:

1. Biliary dyskinesia accompanies any case of chronic cholecystitis.

2. Spasms of the gallbladder and ducts.

3. Penetration into the gallbladder of infections that cause inflammation.

Clinical symptoms of chronic cholecystitis:

1. Pain in the right hypochondrium, radiating to the neck, right collarbone, right shoulder and shoulder blade, back, heart area, usually occurring after eating fatty foods, alcohol, fried foods, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, bitterness and dry mouth, pain intense, paroxysmal or otherwise monotonous, constant, not very strong.

2. There is a slight yellowness of the whites of the eyes, pain in the projection of the gallbladder and liver on palpation. Pain with light tapping along the right costal arch. Pain on pressing over right clavicle.

The diagnosis is confirmed by radiography of the gallbladder - cholecystography, while the shadow of the gallbladder is absent, the motor function of the bladder and its emptying are sharply slowed down, there is also uneven contours. On ultrasound examination, the size of the gallbladder is reduced, sometimes, on the contrary, it is enlarged, the walls of the bladder are thickened (more than 3 mm), the walls are deformed, the contraction of the gallbladder is impaired.

Cirrhosis of the liver.

Cirrhosis of the liver- progressive or less often non-progressive, diffuse, chronic, multi-causal liver disease, which is the final stage of development of unfavorably occurring forms of chronic hepatitis, a consequence of obstruction of the outflow of bile or blood from the liver or genetic defects and is characterized by a significant decrease in the mass of functioning liver cells, restructuring of the structure and tissue liver.

Cirrhosis of the liver in its variants can be: viral, alcoholic, immune, toxic genetic, etc. According to the stage of liver failure: compensated, subcompensated and decompensated. By activity: exacerbation, active phase, moderate activity, remission (inactive phase). The course of cirrhosis can be stable, slowly progressive and rapidly progressive. The causes of cirrhosis can be: chronic alcohol abuse, active viral hepatitis, exposure to toxic substances, a sharp narrowing of the hepatic passages (), etc. The most common types of liver cirrhosis are alcoholic and viral.

early stages of cirrhosis- stage of compensation. The patient has: moderate pain in the liver and stomach, aggravated after eating, physical activity, bitterness in the mouth, bloating; the general condition is satisfactory, initially a uniform increase in both lobes of the liver, then the left lobe mainly increases, with normal or reduced sizes of the right lobe, the liver is dense, its surface is uneven, bumpy on palpation, it is possible to detect an increase in the spleen. An ultrasound scan of the liver shows its increase, diffuse changes in the liver tissue, and an increase in the spleen. With radioisotope scanning of the liver, the data are the same.

advanced stage of cirrhosis, the patient has signs of decompensation: general weakness, fatigue, pain in the right hypochondrium, stomach area, nausea, vomiting, severe bloating, bitterness and dry mouth, loss of appetite, weight loss, bleeding from the gums, nose, skin itching, headaches , impotence in men, menstrual disorders in women, ; severe jaundice, atrophy of skeletal muscles, fever, atrophy of the genital organs in men, smooth, varnished tongue, pronounced red lips, red stars on the body, the liver is enlarged, dense, often uneven, the edge is rounded, the spleen is enlarged. On x-ray of the esophagus, varicose veins in the upper third of the stomach. Ultrasound scanning of the liver - enlargement of the liver, diffuse nature of the lesions, expansion of the portal vein.

The stage of severe decompensation.

Clinical symptoms are the same as in the previous stage, but more pronounced and characteristic. There is also severe jaundice, nosebleeds, hematomas on the body after injections, headaches, memory loss, sleep disturbance, visual and auditory hallucinations. Edema is pronounced, appears (fluid in the abdominal cavity), dilatation of the saphenous veins of the anterior abdominal wall, often accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity on the right, umbilical hernia, bleeding hemorrhoids, often bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach.

A progressive decrease in the size of the liver begins. On ultrasound scanning of the liver, it is still enlarged, the nature of the lesion is diffuse, and the expansion of the portal vein is pronounced. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy and fluoroscopy of the stomach - pronounced varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach. Many of these signs of the disease are fatal and often the patient simply does not live up to all the listed symptoms of the disease.

Hepatoprotectors are a special group of drugs that have a stimulating effect on liver cells and help restore their structure, normalize the basic functions of the liver and protect hepatocytes from the pathogenic effects of such toxic substances as drugs, unhealthy and low-quality foods (fatty or fried foods, smoked meats, alcohol ), chemicals and other damaging factors.

These medicines include:

There are three forms of release of the drug: capsules, oil and rectal suppositories. The main active ingredients in the composition of the drug are represented by a complex of carotenoids, phospholipids, tocopherols, polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Indications for the use of the drug Tykveol are:

Liver diseases: cirrhosis, hepatitis, fatty degeneration of liver cells, toxic liver damage.

Diseases of the biliary tract and gallbladder: cholecystitis, cholestasis, biliary dyskinesia.

Diseases of the stomach: gastritis.

Intestinal diseases: hemorrhoids, colitis, enterocolitis.

Diseases of the genitourinary system: prostatic hyperplasia.

Tykveol is used in the complex treatment of atherosclerosis.

The drug is produced by the Russian company "Eropa-Biopharm", which has been manufacturing this drug since 1994.

Tykveol capsules are taken half an hour before meals, 1-2 pieces, 3 times a day. Oil is taken 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day. Candles are inserted into the rectum 1 suppository, 1-3 times a day. The course of treatment is determined by the doctor, but it should not exceed 8 weeks.

Advantages

The drug is of natural origin, therefore it has a minimal negative effect on the body.

Tykveol can be used in the complex treatment of various diseases, as well as for their prevention.

The drug has no analogues among synthetic drugs.

The cost of the drug is not high.

The drug has passed many clinical trials in leading academies and institutes of the country.

One teaspoon of Tykveol contains as many biologically active substances as 3 kg of raw pumpkin.

The drug is a source of vitamin A, F, E.

disadvantages

The drug has side effects. They can be expressed in dyspeptic disorders and diarrhea.

The drug should not be taken in the presence of hypersensitivity to its components.

For the treatment of various diseases, Tykveol can only be used in a complex scheme, and not as an independent drug.

Hepa-Merz is a drug for the treatment of liver diseases. It is able to remove intoxication from the body, lower the level of ammonia in the blood. The drug has an analgesic effect, normalizes metabolic processes, reduces asthenic and dyspeptic syndromes. The main effect of the drug is hepatoprotective. The base substance is ornithine aspartate.

Hepa-merz is available in the form of a mixture of granules, from which a solution must be prepared, as well as in the form of a concentrate, poured into 10 ml ampoules.

Hepa-merz is prescribed for acute and chronic, with hepatic encephalopathy, steatosis and steagepatitis.

Granules are diluted with water before use (1 sachet per 200 ml of liquid). Take the drug 3 times a day, after meals.

The solution is used for intravenous administration. Use 4 capsules per day. The maximum daily dose is 8 capsules.

Advantages

Rapid removal of intoxication from the body in case of alcohol or drug poisoning.

Possibility of treatment of viral, autoimmune and metabolic diseases of the liver.

Restoration of liver cells with activation of the organ's own neutralizing cells.

disadvantages

The high price of the drug.

The presence of contraindications. In particular, the drug should not be used to treat pregnant and lactating women, in childhood, against the background of renal failure.

The drug has a number of side effects, including: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle pain.

The drug can provoke allergic reactions.

FanDetox "FanDetox"

FunDetox is an innovative product developed by Korean scientist Song Hye-bok to protect and restore liver cells from the toxic effects of harmful substances, alcohol and drugs, as well as low-quality food.

The main indications for the use of this drug are:

poisoning or intoxication syndrome in various diseases;

hangover syndrome.

"FanDetox" is produced by the international company "Coral Club" (Coral Club), in the form of a powder in original foil stick packs, which preserve all the properties of this innovative product for a long time. The contents of the stick pack are dissolved in 1/2 cup of warm water, honey may be added (to taste). The drink must be consumed immediately.

Dosage, frequency and duration of use of this drug depends on the type of course treatment:

seasonal regeneration of the liver;

treatment of fatty liver or correction of hyperlipidemia;

intensive course on liver detoxification;

anti-hangover (express) course.

Advantages

the product has a balanced qualitative composition and contains only natural plant extracts: goji berries, persimmons, mandarin peel, soy sprouts and buckwheat seeds, which are selected in balanced proportions and have an effective and rapid antitoxic effect based on the active breakdown of toxic products accumulated in hepatocytes;

significantly increases the activity and level of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme, which breaks down alcohol into safe components and ensures their excretion from the body with a decrease in hangover;

normalizes the indicators of liver transaminases - specific proteins that are actively involved in metabolism;

contributes to the prevention and inhibition of the development of other vessels and due to a stable decrease in triglyceride levels, accelerates the breakdown of low-density lipoproteins and leads to the normalization of total blood cholesterol levels.

3 super foods for the liver - on 1 channel:

disadvantages

When used correctly, it has no side effects, except for individual sensitivity to the components of the drug. Not applicable in childhood.

Liv 52 is a complex medicinal product that contains extracts of medicinal plants: common chicory, caper bark, black nightshade, mandura basma, western cassia, yarrow, officinalis emblica, Gallic tamarisk and other plant components.

This drug is used:

with various types of hepatitis (drug, toxic, infectious);

with cirrhosis or fibrosis of the liver;

with fatty hepatosis;

with pathological processes in hepatocytes with a violation of the outflow of bile (, biliary dyskinesia, cholangitis) in adults and children (over 5 years old);

with persistent disorders of appetite and exhaustion;

to prevent the development and progression of alcoholic liver damage, diseases caused by exposure to chemical, radiation and / or medicinal factors on liver cells.

The main therapeutic effect of Liv 52 is considered to be a hepatoprotective effect on liver cells, based on the regeneration of damaged intracellular processes, protein synthesis, prevention and elimination of impaired liver functions as a result of the implementation of the healing properties of extracts from a mixture of medicinal plants.

Additional therapeutic effects of this drug are:

anti-inflammatory;

antitoxic;

choleretic;

stimulating (activates hematopoiesis and metabolism).

It also helps to accelerate the excretion of acetaldehyde and carbon tetrachloride (in chronic alcoholism with alcoholic liver damage), moderate diuretic and laxative effect, inhibits the progression of intracellular damage to hepatocytes during pre-cirrhotic processes.

Advantages

is a completely herbal preparation;

does not affect the concentration of attention, as well as the ability to drive vehicles;

used in childhood (over 5 years);

used to protect the liver if long-term use of hepatotoxic drugs is necessary: ​​anti-tuberculosis drugs, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory (antipyretic) drugs.

disadvantages

possible development of allergic (skin rash, angioedema) or dyspeptic (, epigastric pain, nausea) side effects;

not applicable during pregnancy and lactation;

used with caution in conjunction with antibiotics (tetracycline and doxycycline), ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory drugs;

not intended for children under five years of age.

Heptral is a drug that has hepatoprotective properties with antidepressant activity. The main active ingredient of the drug is ademetionine. Additionally, Heptral has detoxifying, neuroprotective, antioxidant, regenerating and antifibrosing effects.

Due to the multiple positive effects associated with the activation of regenerative processes in liver cells and neurons in combination with the antidepressant activity of the drug, it is prescribed for diseases with the development of intrahepatic cholestasis with precirrhotic or cirrhotic restructuring of hepatocytes:

with fatty degeneration of the liver;

with various toxic liver lesions (alcoholic hepatosis, viral or drug-induced hepatitis, which has developed as a result of long-term use of anti-tuberculosis, antitumor or antiviral drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, antibiotics, oral contraceptives;

with chronic hepatitis of various etiologies, cirrhosis or fibrosis of the liver.

with severe intoxication with drugs, alcohol, food or drugs.

Advantages

is the best drug for active pathological restructuring of liver cells in combination with other complex diseases: encephalopathy, degenerative processes of bones and (osterarthrosis);

widely used for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms in chronic alcoholism or drug addiction;

effective for life-threatening intoxications;

is widely used for the treatment of cirrhosis and fibrosis of the liver or their prevention, as well as for diseases that are accompanied by persistent intracellular cholestasis.

disadvantages

not used in children and adolescents (in patients under 18 years of age);

has a large number of side effects from various organs and systems:

• rhythm disturbances, pain in the heart;

  severe spastic pain in the stomach, nausea, nausea, diarrhea, stomach or intestinal bleeding;

  pain in muscles and joints;

  flu-like syndrome, persistent asthenia.

  with extreme caution is prescribed in the first trimester of pregnancy (only for health reasons, associated with a threat to life or health);

  due to possible dizziness, it is not recommended to drive vehicles or work with mechanisms.

Karsil is a drug from the group of medicines for restoring liver functions or for preventing the development of pathological changes in liver cells.

In its composition, it has an extract of milk thistle fruits (dry).

Advantages

the drug is indicated for the development of liver diseases (hepatitis, steatosis or cirrhosis) of various etiologies (viral, toxic, medicinal) in combination with weight loss or metabolic disorders;

used to prevent liver damage, with long-term use of hepatotoxic drugs, occupational hazards, chronic alcoholism;

is prescribed for children from 12 years old, adolescents and adult patients;

well tolerated by patients, side effects are rare or have a minor (transient) character.

disadvantages

not used by pregnant women and during lactation;

has a number of side effects (diarrhea, nausea, skin, vestibular disorders and alopecia);

when taken simultaneously, it reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives;

Karsil is prescribed with caution for diseases of the female genital area, which are accompanied by hormonal disorders: for benign tumors () or malignant neoplasms (carcinoma of the uterus, breast or ovaries), as well as for prostate tumors in men;

the drug is not prescribed for celiac disease;

not used simultaneously with diazepam, vinblastine, ketoconazole, alprazol and lovastatin (may enhance their therapeutic effect).

Essentiale forte has a unique composition - essential phospholipids, which are embedded in the structure and have a restorative effect on liver cells, normalize lipid and protein metabolism, and also reduce the replacement of hepatocytes with connective tissue (in pre-cirrhotic conditions and in the initial stage of cirrhosis and fibrosis).

Advantages

the composition of the medicinal product includes only natural components;

is the drug of choice for diseases that are accompanied by massive death of liver cells: autoimmune hepatitis, toxic hepatitis of various etiologies and viral attacks in chronic viral hepatitis B and C;

has a number of extrahepatic positive effects

well tolerated and used in adults, adolescents and children under 12 years of age, in younger children - for health reasons;

not contraindicated in pregnancy and effective when expressed in the first half of pregnancy;

used as an adjuvant therapy for and radiation sickness;

used as a prophylactic for recurrent formation of gallstones;

lowers cholesterol and blood coagulation system and is a good prophylactic for atherosclerosis, threat or;

normalizes the secretion of digestive tract enzymes.

disadvantages

is not prescribed in the presence of hypersensitivity to the active active substance (phosphatidylcholine) or auxiliary components of the drug;

possible development of adverse reactions in the form of: allergic reactions, diarrhea, abdominal pain.

Esslial forte

Esslial forte is a combination of phospholipids that fully correspond to the phospholipids of the liver tissue, but surpass them in terms of their content of essential fatty acids. The incorporation of such phospholipids into damaged areas of liver cell membranes helps to restore their integrity and promotes regeneration. The product does not contain synthetic additives, dyes, does not cause allergic reactions.

Ovesol is an active complex food supplement from the Russian company Evalar with a specially selected herbal composition, which has detoxification, anti-inflammatory and reparative (restorative) effects. Additional actions of the drug are considered to be antispasmodic, choleretic and biliary actions.

The composition of Ovesol drops includes: oats (in the phase of milky ripeness), turmeric, volodushka, extracts of immortelle sandy and peppermint.

Advantages

all ingredients of the drug are natural, so Ovesol has no contraindications, except for individual intolerance to the components;

can be used during pregnancy and lactation under medical supervision;

the composition of the drops includes alcohol (40% alcohol-water tincture), so the use of this drug is limited in young children.

disadvantages

taking Ovesol reduces the effectiveness of contraceptives, so it is necessary to use additional contraceptives during the course of the drug;

has an insufficient restorative effect on hepatic cells in progressive hepatic pathology.

Phosphogliv is an active combined hepatoprotector with effective antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. The composition of the drug includes phospholipids and sodium glycyrrhizinate (glycyrate).

Phospholipids are incorporated into the structure of damaged cell membranes of hepatic cells, restoring their structure and functioning of hepatocytes.

Glycyrate inhibits the reproduction of viruses, stimulates the production of interferons, natural lymphocytes - killers and phagocytes.

Advantages

the unique composition allows this drug to be widely used for the treatment of viral hepatitis, hepatosis and other pathological liver lesions (toxic, alcoholic and medicinal);

used as auxiliary drugs for neurodermatitis, psoriasis, eczema;

well tolerated by patients and has virtually no adverse reactions.

disadvantages

Strongly increases pressure, if you have problems with pressure, it is better to refuse this drug.

contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation and in children under 12 years of age;

possible adverse reactions in the form of fluid retention in the body;

be used with caution in patients with portal hypertension;

manifestation of allergic reactions (skin rash) is possible.

Ursofalk is a drug that has an active choleretic effect, reducing the lithogenicity of bile, which contributes to the dissolution of cholesterol stones in the gallbladder, a moderate hepatoprotective effect. The main active ingredient of the drug is ursodeoxycholic acid.

The drug is taken under the obligatory dynamic control of the attending physician.

Advantages

has a choleretic, antispasmodic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective and moderate immunomodulatory effect, therefore it is the drug of choice:

1. in the presence of cholesterol stones in the gallbladder;

   primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver;

   chronic hepatitis;

   fatty steatohepatitis (alcoholic or non-alcoholic);

   cystic fibrosis;

   biliary dyskinesia.

promotes the dissolution of cholesterol stones (X-ray negative) in the gallbladder;

activates the patient's immune system, combined with a lasting effect of restoring damaged liver cells.

disadvantages

the drug is contraindicated in pregnancy and lactation;

manifestation of side effects is possible: diarrhea, pain in the upper abdomen on the right, urticaria, calcification of gallstones;

Ursofalk is contraindicated in X-ray-positive gallstones, acute inflammatory diseases of the bile ducts, gallbladder and intestines, with severe violations of the function of the kidneys, pancreas and liver (in the stage of decompensation), gallbladder empyema or the absence of its normal functioning.

The drug Hafitol is a herbal remedy with active hepatoprotective and choleretic, as well as moderate diuretic effects that reduce blood azotemia due to increased urea excretion. Medicinal action is based on the therapeutic effects of fresh leaves of dry extract (for tablets) and thick aqueous extract (for solution).

Advantages

the drug is used for the complex treatment of chronic acalculous cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia, chronic hepatitis of various etiologies, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic intoxications, as well as for therapy (chronic and chronic);

is prescribed as a component of complex therapy for atherosclerosis and obesity;

Hofitol is a natural herbal preparation, well tolerated and has practically no contraindications (except for acute diseases of the liver and kidneys, obstruction of the bile ducts with stones);

indicated for long-term use;

used for early toxicosis and preeclampsia (under medical supervision);

has no effect on the speed of psychomotor reactions and is not contraindicated for drivers of vehicles.

disadvantages

the tablet form is not used in children under six years of age;

possible adverse reactions in the form of diarrhea, headache, pruritus.

Gepabene is a combined herbal preparation containing the fruits of milk thistle (dry extract) and herb fumigation officinalis, which have:

active restorative effect on hepatocytes damaged by the pathological process (with chronic hepatitis and toxic liver damage);

normalizing the outflow of bile in biliary dyskinesia and in conditions after removal of the gallbladder.

Available in capsules.

Advantages

stabilizes the patient's condition after cholecystectomy;

has a membrane-stabilizing effect and antioxidant effect in case of drug-induced hepatitis, occupational hazards, long-term use of hepatotoxic drugs (anti-tuberculosis, some types of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antitumor drugs);

it is possible to use during pregnancy (under the supervision and prescription of the attending physician).

disadvantages

not used in patients under 18 years of age;

the drug is not prescribed for acute diseases of the biliary tract and liver;

An absolute contraindication to taking this drug is individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Galstena is a homeopathic medicine in drops that has:

mild and effective hepatoprotective action (restoration of damaged liver cells) as a result of a membrane-stabilizing effect and a decrease in intracellular edema;

normalizes the functional activity of the liver;

has antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and choleretic effect;

prevents the formation of stones in the gallbladder.

Advantages

the drug consists only of natural plant components (extracts,);

can be used at any age (even in newborns with prolonged jaundice, with congenital hepatitis, hepatosis);

used at any age for chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, acute and chronic liver diseases (hepatitis, hepatosis), biliary dyskinesia;

during pregnancy, it can be prescribed under the supervision of the attending physician;

the drug is effective for the speedy rehabilitation and restoration of liver function after surgery to remove the gallbladder (for the treatment of postcholecystectomy syndrome);

indicated for long-term use, does not cause adverse reactions (possible development of diarrhea due to stimulation of the outflow of bile from the gallbladder);

is prescribed to protect liver cells from damage during long-term use of hepatotoxic drugs (antibiotics, antitumor drugs, antiviral or anti-tuberculosis drugs).

disadvantages

the drug is contraindicated in alcohol dependence and individual intolerance to the components of the drug;

adverse reactions in the form of diarrhea and increased salivation.

Rezalut Pro is an effective complex hepatoprotector, which contains an extract of soy phospholipids, phosphoglycerides (mainly lipoic acid) and alpha-tocopherol. The restorative effect of the drug on the structure and function of hepatocytes is to compensate for the lack of endogenous phospholipids with similar substances in chemical structure with simultaneous stabilization of cell membranes and subsequent regeneration of liver cells, as well as inhibition of collagen synthesis processes in the liver tissue. Additional effects of this drug are considered to be the normalization of lipid metabolism and a decrease in cholesterol levels.

Advantages

the drug is well tolerated by patients and is used for chronic hepatitis, hepatosis of various etiologies, fatty degeneration of the liver, cirrhosis and toxic lesions of the liver tissue;

used in patients as part of complex therapy for hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and other diseases of the heart and blood vessels;

the drug is effective in the complex treatment of psoriasis, neurodermatitis, as well as radiation syndrome.

disadvantages

with caution is prescribed during pregnancy and lactation;

not applicable to children under 12 years of age;

contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to the main or auxiliary ingredients of the drug, as well as peanuts and soy;

possible manifestation of adverse reactions - diarrhea, petechial rash, uterine bleeding in the intermenstrual period;

with caution is prescribed simultaneously with coumarin anticoagulants;

the drug is absolutely contraindicated in the development of antiphospholipid syndrome.

Tsikvalon is a synthetic drug that has an active choleretic effect, normalizes the processes of bile formation and a moderate anti-inflammatory effect.

Advantages

Tsikvalon is an effective drug in the treatment of cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholecystohepatitis, cholelithiasis;

used to prepare patients before duodenal sounding and other instrumental methods for diagnosing the gallbladder and liver;

the drug normalizes all liver functions and thereby has an indirect hepatoprotective effect;

before using the drug during pregnancy and lactation, it is necessary to consult a specialist and take the drug under his dynamic control.

disadvantages

The drug is contraindicated:

with individual intolerance to the components of the drug;

in acute hepatitis of various etiologies (infectious, medicinal, toxic);

with cirrhosis of the liver;

with the development of ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract (and);

with obstructive jaundice.

When taking the drug, adverse reactions may develop in the form of discomfort in the right hypochondrium (in the projection of the liver and gallbladder), nausea.

Osalmid is an effective choleretic drug, which is caused by stimulating the formation and outflow of bile. Additionally, the drug has an antispasmodic and hypercholesterolemic effect with normalization of the level of bilirubin in the blood.

Advantages

the drug is widely used for the treatment of cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholecystohepatitis, cholelithiasis, and for preparing patients for duodenal sounding and other instrumental methods for diagnosing the gallbladder and liver;

well tolerated by patients;

the use of this drug during pregnancy and lactation is possible only after consulting a specialist.

disadvantages

The drug is contraindicated:

with individual intolerance to the main and auxiliary ingredients of the drug;

with acute hepatitis and hepatosis of various etiologies;

with cirrhosis of the liver;

with obstructive jaundice;

with the development of ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract (stomach and 12 duodenal ulcer).

When taking the drug, the development of adverse reactions in the form of diarrhea, discomfort in the right hypochondrium, is possible.

Education: Diploma in the specialty "Medicine" received at the Russian State Medical University. N. I. Pirogova (2005). Postgraduate studies in the specialty "Gastroenterology" - educational and scientific medical center.