How to pass medical examination as an adult. How is a preventive examination different from a medical examination? What are professional examinations of employees of enterprises

Preventive examination is an important measure in medicine, which is necessary to help citizens to maintain and maintain their health. Timely passage of such an examination allows you to prevent the development of many diseases, as well as to identify their hidden forms. It is carried out in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Health No. 1011m of 06.12.2012. About what is included in a preventive medical examination and what preparation is needed for its passage, we will tell in this article.

Purpose of preventive medical examination

The main task of preventive examination is the preservation and maintenance of the health of citizens, as well as the prevention of the occurrence and development of diseases. In addition, this medical event has other goals:

• Detection of chronic non-communicable diseases;
• Establishment of a health group;
• Implementation of brief preventive counseling (for sick and healthy citizens);
• Implementation of in-depth preventive counseling (for citizens with high and very high total risk of cardiovascular diseases);
• Establishment of a group for dispensary observation of citizens, as well as healthy individuals with high and very high total cardiovascular risk.

The inspection is carried out once every two years. At the same time, it is not carried out in the year of the medical examination. At the same time, citizens involved in hazardous and hazardous work (production) are required to undergo mandatory medical examinations at certain periods according to their own schedule and, in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n, are not subject to preventive medical examinations.

What does a preventive medical examination include?

Medical preventive examination includes the passage of examinations and the delivery of tests. These procedures are mandatory elements of a medical examination for both males and females. A complete list of the necessary preventive medical examination studies is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 - List of examinations included in the preventive medical examination

The results obtained reveal the main indicators of a person's health and are mandatory entered in his medical record. On their basis, in the future, the doctor will determine the need for additional studies or in-depth preventive counseling.

If a citizen has in his hands the results of examinations that were carried out during the year preceding the month of the preventive medical examination, then the decision on the need for re-examination is made individually, taking into account all the available results and the state of health of a particular citizen.

Preparing for an inspection

A preventive medical examination requires preparation from every citizen who is to undergo it. At the same time, there are certain recommendations for both men and women. The preparation includes two successive stages, which are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 - Stages of preparation for a preventive medical examination

These preparation steps are mandatory for all patients, regardless of their gender and age. Thanks to the observance of these recommendations, the results of the studies will more accurately and reliably reflect the state of the body. Along with this, there is special training, which is carried out only by a certain category of citizens, depending on age indicators, as well as on the basis of gender. Features of preparation for the study are presented in table 3.

Table 3 - Special preparation for preventive examination

Compliance with the recommendations above will significantly increase the likelihood of detecting existing diseases, increase the accuracy of test results, and also provide an opportunity to provide more accurate recommendations for the patient.

Conclusion

The main active medical care aimed at early diagnosis or detection of any diseases is a preventive examination. All citizens must pass it at least once every two years. As a result of this examination, citizens are assigned a health group (1,2 or 3), and all the results of tests and diagnostics are entered into the patient's card without fail. Before the examination, citizens must undergo special training prescribed by the doctor.

Preventive examination and clinical examination are a set of measures that are carried out in medical organizations. According to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of March 13, 2019 No. 124N, both working and non-working citizens, as well as full-time students at the age of 18 years, undergo medical examination and medical examination. According to the results of these medical events, doctors determine the health groups of patients and groups for dispensary observation.

How is a screening different from a screening?

A preventive examination is carried out for the timely detection of diseases and risk factors for their development, as well as for the detection of non-medical use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. Medical examination is a broader set of activities. It includes a physical examination, as well as additional examination methods that are carried out to assess the condition of certain population groups.

How often do you need to undergo a medical examination and medical examination?

A medical examination is carried out annually as an independent event, as part of a medical examination or during the first dispensary appointment in the current year. Clinical examination for persons aged 18 to 39 inclusive is carried out once every three years. According to the new rules, citizens over the age of 40 can take it annually.

What procedures include a medical examination and medical examination?

The annual medical examination among citizens aged 18 years and older includes the following activities:

• questionnaires to identify complaints, symptoms, identify risk factors for diseases, etc.;
• body mass index calculation;
• measurement of blood pressure;
• study of the level of total cholesterol in the blood;
• determination of blood glucose levels.

Adult citizens aged 18 years and older also undergo a fluorographic examination of the lungs or X-ray of the lungs once every two years. In patients aged 18 to 39 years inclusive, once a year, the doctor determines the relative cardiovascular risk, women in this age group are examined by a paramedic (midwife) or obstetrician-gynecologist.

Citizens over the age of 35 annually undergo electrocardiography during professional examinations, and at the age of 40 years - measurement of intraocular pressure.

In patients aged 40 to 64 years inclusive, the absolute cardiovascular risk is determined annually, and after the onset of 65 years, the risk of developing osteoporosis, depression, heart failure, uncorrected hearing and visual impairment.

The dispensary is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, for citizens aged 18 to 39 inclusive, once every three years, a professional examination, oncoscreening, a brief preventive consultation by a general practitioner, and an examination by this doctor are carried out. Citizens aged 40 to 64 inclusive and patients aged 65 years and older once a year, in addition to these procedures, also do a complete blood count.

At the second stage of clinical examination, patients are offered to undergo additional examinations by doctors of a narrow profile, their diagnoses are specified. A list of possible procedures is given in

To live fully and happily, we need good health. Only in this way will you be able to realize yourself in the profession and create a full-fledged family.

In order for everything to be as we planned, we simply have to monitor our health, namely, regularly undergo medical examinations. Today, every employee of the enterprise is obliged to undergo a medical examination every year, and the employer is obliged to monitor changes in indicators. Note that any restriction by the employer on visiting a doctor is considered illegal.

What is a medical examination (medical examination)?

Medical checkup; This is a complex of medical interventions for the purpose of pathologies or diseases. Medical examination; This is a preventive checkup. They are:

• preventive;


• preliminary;


• periodic;


• pre-shift.

All employees are required to undergo a medical examination prior to employment. To do this, you need to get a referral from the personnel department, come with a passport or a medical book to the right medical institution. Next, you need to pass a medical examination, get a conclusion from a doctor and bring it to the personnel department of the enterprise.

The number of medical examinations per year is determined by the legislation depending on the type of production, but this should take place at least once a year.

Entrepreneurs and legal entities are obliged to ensure that their employees undergo medical examinations on time and regularly. If the employee refuses to do so, he is not allowed to work. All results of medical examinations must be recorded in a medical book.

Regular medical examinations and their correct indicators ensure constant monitoring of the health of employees, which means timely detection and treatment of diseases.

PREVENTIVE INSPECTION
AND DISPENSERIZATION OF CERTAIN GROUPS OF THE ADULTS POPULATION

The procedure for conducting a preventive medical examination and medical examination of certain groups of the adult population is determined by Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated March 13, 2019 N 124n "On approval of the procedure for conducting a preventive medical examination and medical examination of certain groups of the adult population."

This procedure regulates issues related to the conduct of preventive medical examinations and medical examinations in medical organizations of the following groups of the adult population (aged 18 years and older):

1) working citizens;

2) non-working citizens;

This procedure does not apply in cases where legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation establish a different procedure for conducting a preventive medical examination or medical examination of certain categories of citizens.

Preventive medical examination and clinical examination are carried out within the framework of the program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens and the territorial program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens.

The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of health care ensure that citizens undergo preventive medical examinations, clinical examinations, including in the evenings and Saturdays, and also provide citizens with the opportunity to remotely book appointments (examinations, consultations) with medical workers, research and other medical interventions carried out as part of preventive medical examinations and medical examinations.

A citizen undergoes a preventive medical examination and medical examination in a medical organization in which he receives primary health care.

A necessary precondition for a preventive medical examination and clinical examination is the giving of an informed voluntary consent of a citizen (his legal representative) to medical intervention in compliance with the requirements established by Article 20 of Federal Law N 323-FZ.

A citizen has the right to refuse to conduct a preventive medical examination and (or) medical examination in general or from certain types of medical interventions included in the scope of a preventive medical examination and (or) medical examination.

DISPENSERIZATION OF CERTAIN GROUPS OF THE ADULTS POPULATION

What is dispensary?

Medical examination is a set of measures that includes a preventive medical examination and additional methods of examinations conducted to assess the state of health (including determining the health group and the dispensary observation group) and carried out in relation to certain groups of the population in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Medical examination is carried out for free under the OMS policy.

The list of studies and examinations performed by doctors or a paramedic / midwife during medical examinations varies depending on the age and gender of the citizen.

The dispensary is carried out in two stages.

In order to pass the first stage of the survey as quickly and efficiently as possible, you must follow simple rules:

Come to the clinic in the morning;

Before testing, you must not eat anything, give up smoking, alcohol and playing sports.

Why do you need to undergo a medical examination?

Medical examination of the adult population is carried out through an in-depth examination of the health status of citizens in order to:

1) prevention and early detection (screening) of chronic non-communicable diseases (conditions) that are the main cause of disability and premature death of the population of the Russian Federation, risk factors for their development, including high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, high fasting blood glucose, tobacco smoking, the risk of harmful alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, low physical activity, overweight or obesity, as well as the risk of using narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription;

2) determination of the health group, necessary preventive, therapeutic, rehabilitation and recreational activities for citizens with identified chronic non-communicable diseases and (or) risk factors for their development, as well as for healthy citizens;

3) conducting preventive counseling of citizens with identified chronic non-communicable diseases and risk factors for their development;

4) determination of a group for dispensary observation of citizens with identified chronic non-communicable diseases and other diseases (conditions), including citizens with high and very high cardiovascular risk.

Regular medical examinations are necessary, regardless of how you feel. Even if a person considers himself healthy, during the medical examination, chronic non-communicable diseases are often found in him, the treatment of which is most effective at an early stage.

Clinical examination will allow to maintain and strengthen health, and, if necessary, conduct additional examination and treatment in a timely manner. Doctors' consultations and test results will help you not only learn about your health, but also get the necessary recommendations about the basics of a healthy lifestyle or identified risk factors.

Who can get screened?

Since 2013, the following groups of the adult population have been undergoing medical examinations:

working citizens;

non-working citizens;

Students in educational institutions full-time.

How often is screening done?

The examination is carried out:

1) once every three years at the age of 18 to 39 inclusive;

2) annually at the age of 40 and older, as well as in relation to certain categories of citizens, including:

a) disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War and combat invalids, as well as participants in the Great Patriotic War who became disabled due to a general illness, labor injury or other reasons (except for persons whose disability was due to their unlawful actions);

b) persons awarded the badge "Inhabitant of besieged Leningrad" and recognized as disabled due to a general illness, labor injury and other reasons (except for persons whose disability occurred as a result of their unlawful actions);

c) former juvenile prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos, other places of detention created by the Nazis and their allies during the Second World War, recognized as disabled due to a general illness, labor injury and other reasons (with the exception of persons whose disability occurred as a result of their illegal actions);

d) working citizens who have not reached the age that gives the right to receive an old-age pension, including ahead of schedule, within five years before the onset of such an age, and working citizens who are recipients of an old-age pension or a service pension.

Where can you get a medical examination?

Citizens undergo a medical examination in a medical organization at the place of residence (attachment), in which they receive primary health care (in a polyclinic, in a center (department) of general medical practice (family medicine), in a medical outpatient clinic, medical unit, etc.). Each person who would like to undergo a medical examination should contact their local therapist.

How to get a medical examination for a working person?

According to Article 185.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, since 2019, employees, when undergoing a medical examination in the manner prescribed by legislation in the field of health protection, have the right to be released from work for one working day once every three years, while retaining their place of work (position) and average earnings .

Employees who have not reached the age giving the right to receive an old-age pension, including early, within five years before the onset of such age, and employees who are recipients of an old-age pension or a superannuation pension, when undergoing medical examination in the manner prescribed by law in in the field of health protection, have the right to be released from work for two working days once a year, while retaining their place of work (position) and average earnings.

The employee is released from work to undergo medical examination on the basis of his written application, while the day (days) of release from work is (are) agreed upon with the employer.

What documents are required for medical examination?

Each citizen going for a medical examination must have a passport and a compulsory medical insurance policy.

If you underwent medical examinations in the current or previous year, take the documents confirming this and show them to medical workers before starting the medical examination.

What diagnostic studies are carried out as part of the clinical examination at the first stage?

The first stage of medical examination (screening) is carried out in order to identify in citizens signs of chronic non-communicable diseases, risk factors for their development, the risk of harmful alcohol consumption, the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription, determining the health group, as well as determining medical indications for additional examinations. and examinations by specialist doctors to clarify the diagnosis of the disease (condition) at the second stage of clinical examination and includes:

1. for citizens aged 18 to 39 inclusive once every 3 years:

10) examination by a paramedic (midwife) or obstetrician-gynecologist of women aged 18 to 39 years once a year;

1) screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix (in women): at the age of 18 to 64 years inclusive - taking a smear from the cervix, a cytological examination of a smear from the cervix 1 time in 3 years;

2) examination to identify visual and other localizations of oncological diseases, including examination of the skin, mucous lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes;

c) conducting a brief individual preventive counseling in the department (office) of medical prevention (health center) by a general practitioner;

d) admission (examination) by a general practitioner based on the results of the first stage of clinical examination, including an examination to identify visual and other localizations of oncological diseases, including examination of the skin, mucous lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes, in order to establish a diagnosis , determining the health group, dispensary observation group, determining medical indications for examinations (consultations) and examinations as part of the second stage of clinical examination;

2. for citizens aged 40 to 64 inclusive once a year

a) carrying out a preventive medical examination in the amount of:

1) questioning of citizens aged 18 years and older once a year in order to:

Collecting anamnesis, identifying aggravated heredity, complaints, symptoms characteristic of the following non-communicable diseases and conditions: angina pectoris, transient ischemic attack or acute cerebrovascular accident, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

Determination of risk factors and other pathological conditions and diseases that increase the likelihood of developing chronic non-communicable diseases: smoking, the risk of harmful alcohol consumption, the risk of using narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription, diet, physical activity;

2) calculation based on anthropometry (measurement of height, body weight, waist circumference) of the body mass index, for citizens aged 18 years and older, once a year;

3) measurement of blood pressure in the peripheral arteries for citizens aged 18 years and older once a year;

4) study of the level of total cholesterol in the blood (using the express method is allowed) for citizens aged 18 years and older once a year;

5) determination of the level of glucose in the blood on an empty stomach (using the express method is allowed) for citizens aged 18 years and older once a year;

7) fluorography of the lungs or radiography of the lungs for citizens aged 18 years and older 1 time in 2 years;

8) electrocardiography at rest during the first passage of a preventive medical examination, then at the age of 35 years and older once a year;

9) measurement of intraocular pressure during the first passage of a preventive medical examination, then at the age of 40 years and older once a year;

b) carrying out screening activities aimed at early detection of oncological diseases:

1) screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix (in women): at the age of 18 years and older - examination by a paramedic (midwife) or obstetrician-gynecologist once a year; at the age of 18 to 64 years inclusive - taking a smear from the cervix, a cytological examination of a smear from the cervix 1 time in 3 years;

3) screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the prostate gland (in men): at the age of 45, 50, 55, 60 and 64 years - determination of prostate-specific antigen in the blood;

4) screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the large intestine and rectum: at the age of 40 to 64 years inclusive - examination of feces for occult blood by an immunochemical qualitative or quantitative method once every 2 years;

5) examination to identify visual and other localizations of oncological diseases, including examination of the skin, mucous lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes;

6) screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum: at the age of 45 - esophagogastroduodenoscopy (if necessary, it can be carried out with the use of anesthesia, including in medical organizations providing specialized medical care, in a day hospital).

d) conducting a brief individual preventive counseling in the department (office) of medical prevention (health center);

e) reception (examination) by a general practitioner based on the results of the first stage of medical examination, including an examination to identify visual and other localizations of oncological diseases, including examination of the skin, mucous lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes, in order to establish a diagnosis , determining the health group, dispensary observation group, determining medical indications for examinations (consultations) and examinations as part of the second stage of clinical examination;

3. for citizens aged 65 and over once a year(with the exception of appointments (examinations), medical examinations and other medical interventions included in the scope of the first stage of clinical examination, with a different frequency):

a) carrying out a preventive medical examination in the amount of:

1) questioning of citizens aged 18 years and older once a year in order to:

Collecting anamnesis, identifying aggravated heredity, complaints, symptoms characteristic of the following non-communicable diseases and conditions: angina pectoris, transient ischemic attack or acute cerebrovascular accident, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

Determination of risk factors and other pathological conditions and diseases that increase the likelihood of developing chronic non-communicable diseases: smoking, the risk of harmful alcohol consumption, the risk of using narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription, diet, physical activity;

2) calculation based on anthropometry (measurement of height, body weight, waist circumference) of the body mass index, for citizens aged 18 years and older, once a year;

3) measurement of blood pressure in the peripheral arteries for citizens aged 18 years and older once a year;

4) study of the level of total cholesterol in the blood (using the express method is allowed) for citizens aged 18 years and older once a year;

5) determination of the level of glucose in the blood on an empty stomach (using the express method is allowed) for citizens aged 18 years and older once a year;

6) determination of absolute cardiovascular risk in citizens aged 40 to 64 inclusive once a year;

7) fluorography of the lungs or radiography of the lungs for citizens aged 18 years and older 1 time in 2 years;

8) electrocardiography at rest during the first passage of a preventive medical examination, then at the age of 35 years and older once a year;

9) measurement of intraocular pressure during the first passage of a preventive medical examination, then at the age of 40 years and older once a year;

b) carrying out screening activities aimed at early detection of oncological diseases:

1) screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix (in women): at the age of 18 years and older - examination by a paramedic (midwife) or obstetrician-gynecologist once a year;

2) screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the mammary glands (in women): at the age of 40 to 75 years inclusive - mammography of both mammary glands in two projections with double reading of radiographs 1 time in 2 years;

3) screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the large intestine and rectum: at the age of 65 to 75 years inclusive - examination of feces for occult blood by immunochemical qualitative or quantitative method once a year;

4) examination to identify visual and other localizations of oncological diseases, including examination of the skin, mucous lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes;

c) complete blood count (hemoglobin, leukocytes, ESR);

d) conducting brief individual preventive counseling in the department (office) of medical prevention (health center);

e) reception (examination) by a general practitioner based on the results of the first stage of medical examination, including an examination to identify visual and other localizations of oncological diseases, including examination of the skin, mucous lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes, in order to establish a diagnosis , determining the health group, dispensary observation group, determining medical indications for examinations (consultations) and examinations as part of the second stage of clinical examination.

Based on the results of the first stage, the therapist determines the health group and decides whether a more detailed examination is necessary (referral to the second stage of medical examination).

What diagnostic studies are carried out as part of the clinical examination at the second stage?

The second stage of clinical examination is carried out for the purpose of additional examination and clarification of the diagnosis of the disease (condition) and includes:

1) examination (consultation) by a neurologist (in the presence of newly identified indications or suspicions of a previously suffered acute cerebrovascular accident for citizens who are not under dispensary observation on this occasion, as well as in cases of identifying violations of motor function, cognitive impairment based on the results of the questionnaire and suspicions of depression in citizens aged 65 years and older who are not under dispensary observation on this occasion);

2) duplex scanning of the brachycephalic arteries (for men aged 45 to 72 years inclusive and women aged 54 to 72 years inclusive in the presence of a combination of three risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases: high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, overweight or obesity , as well as in the direction of a neurologist with a first identified indication or suspicion of a previously suffered acute cerebrovascular accident for citizens aged 65 to 90 years who are not under dispensary observation on this occasion);

3) examination (consultation) by a surgeon or urologist (for men aged 45, 50, 55, 60 and 64 years with an increase in the level of prostate-specific antigen in the blood of more than 4 ng / ml);

4) examination (consultation) by a surgeon or coloproctologist, including sigmoidoscopy (for citizens aged 40 to 75 years inclusive with identified pathological changes based on the results of screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the large intestine and rectum, with aggravated heredity by family adenomatosis and (or) malignant neoplasms of the large intestine and rectum, if other medical indications are identified based on the results of the questionnaire, as well as by appointment of a general practitioner, urologist, obstetrician-gynecologist in cases of detection of symptoms of malignant neoplasms of the large intestine and rectum );

5) colonoscopy (for citizens in case of suspicion of malignant neoplasms of the large intestine as prescribed by a surgeon or coloproctologist);

6) esophagogastroduodenoscopy (for citizens in case of suspicion of malignant neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum as prescribed by a general practitioner);

7) radiography of the lungs, computed tomography of the lungs (for citizens in case of suspicion of malignant neoplasms of the lung as prescribed by a general practitioner);

8) spirometry (for citizens with suspected chronic bronchopulmonary disease, smoking citizens, identified by the results of the questionnaire, - as prescribed by a general practitioner);

9) examination (consultation) by an obstetrician-gynecologist (for women aged 18 years and older with identified pathological changes based on the results of screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix, aged 40 to 75 years with identified pathological changes based on the results of screening activities, aimed at early detection of malignant neoplasms of the mammary glands);

10) examination (consultation) by an otorhinolaryngologist (for citizens aged 65 years and older in the presence of medical indications based on the results of a questionnaire or appointment (examination) of a general practitioner);

11) examination (consultation) by an ophthalmologist (for citizens aged 40 years and older with increased intraocular pressure, and for citizens aged 65 years and older who have a decrease in visual acuity that is not amenable to spectacle correction, identified by the results of a questionnaire);

12) conducting individual or group (school for patients) in-depth preventive counseling in the department (office) of medical prevention (health center) for citizens:

a) with diagnosed coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic ischemia of the lower extremities of atherosclerotic origin or diseases characterized by high blood pressure;

b) with the risk of harmful consumption of alcohol and (or) consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances identified by the results of the questionnaire without a doctor's prescription;

c) for all citizens aged 65 years and older in order to correct identified risk factors and (or) prevent senile asthenia;

d) when a high relative, high and very high absolute cardiovascular risk, and (or) obesity, and (or) hypercholesterolemia with a total cholesterol level of 8 mmol / l or more, as well as smoking more than 20 cigarettes in day, the risk of harmful alcohol consumption and (or) the risk of non-medical use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances;

13) reception (examination) by a general practitioner based on the results of the second stage of medical examination, including the establishment (clarification) of a diagnosis, the determination (clarification) of a health group, the determination of a group for dispensary observation (taking into account the conclusions of medical specialists), the direction of citizens in the presence of medical indications for additional an examination not included in the scope of medical examination, including a referral for an examination (consultation) by an oncologist in case of suspected oncological diseases in accordance with the Procedure for providing medical care to the population in the field of oncology, approved by order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated November 15, 2012 N 915n, as well as to receive specialized, including high-tech, medical care, for sanatorium treatment.

If a citizen in the process of medical examination reveals medical indications for examinations (consultations) by specialist doctors, studies and events, including an examination (consultation) by an oncologist in case of suspicion of oncological diseases of visual and other localizations that are not included in the scope of medical examination in accordance with by this procedure, they are appointed and performed in accordance with the provisions of the procedures for the provision of medical care according to the profile of the identified or suspected disease (condition), taking into account the standards of medical care, as well as on the basis of clinical recommendations.

The result of medical examination

According to the questionnaire, the results of laboratory tests and screening studies, the therapist determines the patient's health group.

To determine, based on the results of a preventive medical examination or clinical examination, a citizen’s health group and a dispensary observation group, the following criteria are used:

I health group- citizens who do not have chronic non-communicable diseases, do not have risk factors for the development of such diseases or have these risk factors at low or medium absolute cardiovascular risk and who do not need dispensary observation for other diseases (conditions);

II health group- citizens who have not established chronic non-communicable diseases, but have risk factors for the development of such diseases at high or very high absolute cardiovascular risk, as well as citizens who have obesity and (or) hypercholesterolemia with a total cholesterol level of 8 mmol / l and (or) persons who smoke more than 20 cigarettes per day, and (or) persons with an identified risk of harmful alcohol consumption and (or) the risk of using narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription, and who do not need dispensary observation for about other diseases (conditions).

Citizens with health group II with a high or very high absolute cardiovascular risk are subject to dispensary observation by a doctor (paramedic) of the department (office) of medical prevention or a health center, as well as by a paramedic of a medical assistant's health center or a feldsher-obstetric station, with the exception of patients with a level of total cholesterol 8 mmol / l and more, which are subject to dispensary observation by a general practitioner. Citizens with group II health, if there are medical indications, are prescribed medicines for medical use for the purpose of pharmacological correction of identified risk factors;

IIIa health group- citizens with chronic non-communicable diseases requiring the establishment of dispensary observation or the provision of specialized, including high-tech, medical care, as well as citizens suspected of having these diseases (conditions) who need additional examination;

IIIb health group- citizens who do not have chronic non-communicable diseases, but require the establishment of dispensary observation or the provision of specialized, including high-tech, medical care for other diseases, as well as citizens suspected of having these diseases who need additional examination.

Citizens with IIIa and IIIb health groups are subject to dispensary observation by a general practitioner, medical specialists with preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation measures.

Regular medical examinations will allow you to significantly reduce the likelihood of developing the most dangerous diseases, which are the main cause of disability and premature death of the population, or to identify them at an early stage of development, when their treatment is most effective. But medicine is powerless without an initiative about one's own health.

PREVENTIVE MEDICAL EXAMINATION

A medical examination is a complex of medical interventions aimed at identifying pathological conditions, diseases and risk factors.

A preventive medical examination is carried out for the purpose of early (timely) detection of conditions, diseases and risk factors for their development, non-medical use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as well as in order to determine health groups and develop recommendations for patients.

In 2019, preventive examination received the same status as medical examination. It can be called "abbreviated medical examination" or its lightweight version.

How often is a preventive medical examination carried out?

Preventive medical examination is carried out annually:

1) as an independent event;

2) within the framework of medical examination;

3) within the framework of dispensary observation (during the first dispensary appointment (examination, consultation) in the current year).

Who can get a preventive medical examination?

Preventive medical examination of the adult population is carried out from the age of 18.

Preventive medical examinations are subject to:

1) working citizens;

2) non-working citizens;

3) students in educational institutions full-time.

Where can I get a preventive medical examination?

A citizen undergoes a preventive medical examination in a medical organization in which he receives primary health care.

Your district doctor (paramedic) or district nurse or receptionist will tell you in detail where, when and how you can undergo a preventive medical examination, agree with you on the approximate date (period) of its passage.

How long does a preventive medical examination take?

A preventive medical examination usually requires two visits. The first visit takes approximately 2-3 hours. The second visit in 1-2 days (depending on the length of time required for the results of your research to reach the doctor) to the local doctor takes about 1 hour.

If, according to the results of a preventive medical examination, you are suspected of having a chronic non-communicable disease or a high or very high total cardiovascular risk, the local doctor informs you about this and sends you for additional examination or in-depth preventive counseling.

Preventive medical examination includes:

1) questioning of citizens aged 18 years and older once a year in order to:

Collecting anamnesis, identifying aggravated heredity, complaints, symptoms characteristic of the following non-communicable diseases and conditions: angina pectoris, transient ischemic attack or acute cerebrovascular accident, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

Determination of risk factors and other pathological conditions and diseases that increase the likelihood of developing chronic non-communicable diseases: smoking, the risk of harmful alcohol consumption, the risk of using narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription, diet, physical activity;

Identification in citizens aged 65 years and older of the risk of falls, complaints characteristic of osteoporosis, depression, heart failure, uncorrected hearing and vision impairments;

2) calculation based on anthropometry (measurement of height, body weight, waist circumference) of the body mass index, for citizens aged 18 years and older, once a year;

3) measurement of blood pressure in the peripheral arteries for citizens aged 18 years and older once a year;

4) study of the level of total cholesterol in the blood (using the express method is allowed) for citizens aged 18 years and older once a year;

5) determination of the level of glucose in the blood on an empty stomach (using the express method is allowed) for citizens aged 18 years and older once a year;

6) determination of the relative cardiovascular risk in citizens aged 18 to 39 years inclusive, once a year;

7) determination of absolute cardiovascular risk in citizens aged 40 to 64 inclusive once a year;

8) fluorography of the lungs or radiography of the lungs for citizens aged 18 years and older, once every 2 years;

9) electrocardiography at rest during the first preventive medical examination, then at the age of 35 years and older once a year;

10) measurement of intraocular pressure at the first passage of a preventive medical examination, then at the age of 40 years and older once a year;

11) examination by a paramedic (midwife) or obstetrician-gynecologist of women aged 18 to 39 years once a year;

12) admission (examination) based on the results of a preventive medical examination, including an examination to identify visual and other localizations of oncological diseases, including examination of the skin, mucous lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes, by a paramedic of a paramedical health center or feldsher-obstetric point, a general practitioner or a doctor for medical prevention of the department (office) of medical prevention or a health center.

If a citizen in the course of a preventive medical examination reveals medical indications for examinations (consultations) by specialist doctors, studies and activities, including an examination (consultation) by an oncologist in case of suspicion of oncological diseases of visual and other localizations that are not included in the scope of preventive medical examination in accordance with this procedure, they are appointed and performed in accordance with the provisions of the procedures for the provision of medical care for the profile of the identified or suspected disease (condition), taking into account the standards of medical care, as well as on the basis of clinical recommendations.

If a citizen is identified by the results of a preventive medical examination of a high relative, high and very high absolute cardiovascular risk, and (or) obesity, and (or) hypercholesterolemia with a total cholesterol level of 8 mmol / l or more, as well as establishing by the results of a questionnaire smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day, the risk of harmful alcohol consumption and (or) the risk of using narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances without a doctor's prescription, a citizen is referred for in-depth preventive counseling outside the framework of a preventive medical examination.

Regular medical examinations and preventive medical examinations will allow you to significantly reduce the likelihood of developing the most dangerous diseases that are the main cause of disability and mortality in our country, or to identify them at an early stage of development, when their treatment is most effective. But medicine is powerless without an initiative about one's own health.

List of medical organizations involved in preventive medical examinations and medical examinations in the territory of the Chuvash Republic in 2019

In this article, we will consider what a medical examination is, who needs it, for what purposes, at whose expense it is carried out, how often it needs to be passed, which is mandatory.

What is a pre-survey?

Prophylactic examination is the passage of a medical commission depending on the place of requirement or for health prevention.

Who needs a background check?

The majority of the officially working population know firsthand what a medical examination is. when hiring, in most cases, the employer asks the employee for a medical book with access to work. Not always and not everyone likes it, but this is a necessity that cannot be avoided, and for health it will not be superfluous to check whether everything is in order with the body.

In the Russian Federation, there is a project "Health", which is aimed at maintaining the health of the working population. The most important measure for maintaining health is the regular examination of people at the time of employment and further regular examinations.

Goals of the medical examination

Of all the reasons for a medical examination, the main ones are a few:

. Definition of prof. suitability of employees before performing the assigned work tasks;

Ensuring labor safety;

Identification of persons with occupational diseases or suspicion of such diseases, prevention and timely identification of the initial signs of occupational diseases;

Detection of any diseases unrelated to work, but in which a deterioration in a person’s condition is possible;

Sanitary and hygienic measures designed to identify and eliminate the causes of occupational diseases;

Regular monitoring of the health of workers in hazardous production;

Timely preventive maintenance and rehabilitation of employees to preserve their health;

Avoidance of accidents in the workplace.

Employees are required to undergo a medical examination at work:

. in hazardous production;

in hazardous production;

Guards;

Railway workers;

Drivers;

Social workers;

Workers of children's and preschool institutions.

Conducting medical examinations is stipulated by law, and persons who have not passed the examination are not allowed to work. The employer is responsible for passing the medical examination. Usually, the employer enters into an agreement with one of the professional examination clinics, and all employees are examined in one place. Reviews fall into two categories:

. preliminary;

Periodic.

Preliminary examination - this is when applying for a job, to determine suitability. Periodic inspection is to detect and prevent diseases obtained at work, and not only.

Who pays for the screening?

All activities related to the passage of medical examinations are undertaken by the employer, this is prescribed by the law of the Russian Federation. If the employee was not allowed to work by the medical examination doctor, the employer must not allow him to the workplace.

Frequency of checkups

The frequency of medical examinations is prescribed by law and is carried out once every two years, and those under 21 years of age annually. Inspections can also be extraordinary at the request of workers or during an epidemic.

People working in hazardous and hazardous industries undergo a medical examination in special medical examination centers by specialists called medical examination doctors. What is included in the mandatory tests during a medical examination?

. general blood analysis;

General urine analysis;

Fluorography.

A blood test reveals the presence of inflammatory processes in the body, anemia, and various blood diseases. If any deviations are detected, a person may be more quickly fatigued, which leads to a decrease in working capacity. Urinalysis reveals diseases of the kidneys and urinary system. An EKG checks the heart for various abnormalities.

Professionals that are required:

. therapist;

Surgeon;

Gynecologist;

Neurologist.

The surgeon will determine the size of the liver and spleen and other abdominal organs, and also checks for varicose veins. In men, this also includes the prostate. A neurologist checks for abnormalities associated with the nervous system. A gynecologist is a must for women. The therapist measures the pressure and identifies signs of hypertension, and also puts a conclusion and admission to work after passing through all the specialists and passing all the tests.