How to calculate volume in. How to calculate the volume of a container of various shapes

1. Calculation of the volume of the cube

a- side of cube

The formula for the volume of a cube, ( V ):

2. Find by the formula, the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped

a, b, c- sides of the parallelepiped

Still sometimes the side of the parallelepiped is called an edge.

The formula for the volume of a parallelepiped, ( V):

3. Formula for calculating the volume of a ball, sphere

R — ball radius

Using the formula, if the radius is given, you can find the volume of the ball, ( V):

4. How to calculate the volume of a cylinder?

h- cylinder height

r- base radius

Using the formula, find the volume of the cylinder, if known - its base radius and height, ( V):

5. How to find the volume of a cone?

R- base radius

H- cone height

The formula for the volume of a cone, if the radius and height are known ( V):

7. The formula for the volume of a truncated cone

r- top base radius

R- bottom base radius

h- cone height

The formula for the volume of a truncated cone, if known - the radius of the lower base, the radius of the upper base and the height of the cone ( V):

8. Volume of a regular tetrahedron

A regular tetrahedron is a pyramid in which all faces are equilateral triangles.

a- edge of a tetrahedron

The formula for calculating the volume of a regular tetrahedron ( V):

9. Volume of a regular quadrangular pyramid

A pyramid whose base is square and whose faces are equal, isosceles triangles, is called a regular quadrangular pyramid.

a- base side

h- the height of the pyramid

The formula for calculating the volume of a regular quadrangular pyramid, ( V):

10. Volume of a regular triangular pyramid

A pyramid whose base is an equilateral triangle and whose faces are equal, isosceles triangles, is called a regular triangular pyramid.

a- base side

h- the height of the pyramid

The formula for the volume of a regular triangular pyramid, if given - the height and side of the base ( V):

11. Find the volume of a regular pyramid

A pyramid at the base, which is a regular polygon and faces equal triangles, is called regular.

h- the height of the pyramid

a side of the base of the pyramid

n- the number of sides of the polygon at the base

The formula for the volume of a regular pyramid, knowing the height, side of the base and the number of these sides ( V):

All formulas for volumes of geometric bodies
Geometry, Algebra, Physics

Volume formulas

The volume of a geometric figure- a quantitative characteristic of the space occupied by a body or substance. In the simplest cases, the volume is measured by the number of unit cubes that fit in the body, that is, cubes with an edge equal to a unit of length. The volume of a body or the capacity of a vessel is determined by its shape and linear dimensions.

Cube volume formula

1) The volume of a cube is equal to the cube of its edge.

V- cube volume

H is the height of the edge of the cube

Pyramid volume formula

1) The volume of the pyramid is equal to one third of the product of the base area S (ABCD) and the height h (OS).

V- the volume of the pyramid

S- area of ​​the base of the pyramid

h- the height of the pyramid

Cone volume formulas

1) The volume of a cone is equal to one third of the product of the area of ​​the base and the height.

2) The volume of a cone is equal to one third of the product of pi (3.1415) times the square of the radius of the base times the height.

V is the volume of the cone

S is the area of ​​the base of the cone

h- cone height

π - pi (3.1415)

r- cone radius

Cylinder volume formulas

1) The volume of a cylinder is equal to the product of the area of ​​the base and the height.

2) The volume of the cylinder is equal to the product of the number pi (3.1415) times the square of the radius of the base and the height.

V- cylinder volume

S is the base area of ​​the cylinder

h- cylinder height

π - pi (3.1415)

r is the radius of the cylinder

Sphere volume formula

1) The volume of a sphere is calculated using the formula below.

V- the volume of the ball

π - pi (3.1415)

R- ball radius

Volume formula for a tetrahedron

1) The volume of a tetrahedron is equal to a fraction in the numerator of which is the square root of two times the cube of the length of the edge of the tetrahedron, and in the denominator twelve.

Volume formulas
Volume formulas and online volume calculators

volume formula.

Volume Formula necessary to calculate the parameters and characteristics of a geometric figure.

figure volume is a quantitative characteristic of the space occupied by a body or substance. In the simplest cases, the volume is measured by the number of unit cubes that fit in the body, that is, cubes with an edge equal to a unit of length. The volume of a body or the capacity of a vessel is determined by its shape and linear dimensions.

Parallelepiped.

The volume of a cuboid is equal to the product of the area of ​​the base and the height.

Cylinder.

The volume of a cylinder is equal to the product of the area of ​​the base and the height.

The volume of a cylinder is equal to the product of pi (3.1415) times the square of the radius of the base times the height.

Pyramid.

The volume of the pyramid is equal to one third of the base area S (ABCDE) multiplied by the height h (OS).

Correct pyramid- this is a pyramid, at the base of which lies a regular polygon, and the height passes through the center of the inscribed circle to the base.

Regular triangular pyramid is a pyramid whose base is an equilateral triangle and whose faces are equal isosceles triangles.

Regular quadrangular pyramid It is a pyramid whose base is a square and whose faces are equal isosceles triangles.

Tetrahedron is a pyramid in which all faces are equilateral triangles.

Truncated pyramid.

The volume of the truncated pyramid is equal to one third of the product of the height h (OS) and the sum of the areas of the upper base S 1 (abcde), the lower base of the truncated pyramid S 2 (ABCDE) and the average proportional between them.

Calculating the volume of a cube is easy - you need to multiply the length, width and height. Since the length of the cube is equal to the width and equal to the height, the volume of the cube is s 3 .

Cone- this is a body in Euclidean space, obtained by the union of all rays emanating from one point (the top of the cone) and passing through a flat surface.

Frustum obtained by drawing a section parallel to the base of a cone.

V \u003d 1/3 πh (R 2 + Rr + r 2)

The volume of a sphere is one and a half times less than the volume of a cylinder circumscribed around it.

Prism.

The volume of a prism is equal to the product of the area of ​​the base of the prism times the height.

Ball sector.

The volume of the spherical sector is equal to the volume of the pyramid, the base of which has the same area as the part of the spherical surface cut out by the sector, and the height is equal to the radius of the ball.

ball layer- this is the part of the ball enclosed between two secant parallel planes.

ball segment- this is the part of the ball cut off from it by some plane, called a spherical or spherical segment

Volume Formula
The formula for the volume of a cube, ball, pyramid, parallelogram, cylinder, tetrahedron, cone, prism and volumes of other geometric shapes.

In the course of solid geometry, one of the main questions is how to calculate the volume of a particular geometric body. It all starts with a simple box and ends with a ball.

In life, too, often have to deal with similar problems. For example, to calculate the volume of water that fits in a bucket or barrel.

Properties valid for the volume of each body

1. This value is always a positive number.
2. If the body can be divided into parts so that there are no intersections, then the total volume is equal to the sum of the volumes of the parts.
3. Equal bodies have the same volumes.
4. If the smaller body is completely placed in the larger one, then the volume of the first is less than the second.

General designations for all bodies

Each of them has edges and bases, heights are built in them. Therefore, such elements are identically designated for them. That is how they are written in the formulas. How to calculate the volume of each of the bodies - we will learn further and apply new skills in practice.

Some formulas have other values. Their designation will be discussed when the need arises.

Prism, box (straight and oblique) and cube

These bodies are combined because they are very similar in appearance, and the formulas for how to calculate the volume are identical:

V = S * h.

Only S will differ. In the case of a parallelepiped, it is calculated as for a rectangle or square. In a prism, the base can be a triangle, a parallelogram, an arbitrary quadrilateral, or another polygon.

For a cube, the formula is greatly simplified because all its dimensions are equal:

V = a 3 .

Pyramid, tetrahedron, truncated pyramid

For the first of these bodies, there is such a formula to calculate the volume:

V \u003d 1/3 * S * n.

The tetrahedron is a special case of the triangular pyramid. All edges are equal in it. Therefore, again, a simplified formula is obtained:

V = (а 3 * √2) / 12, or V = 1/ 3 S h

The pyramid becomes truncated when its upper part is cut off. Therefore, its volume is equal to the difference between the two pyramids: the one that would be intact, and the remote top. If it is possible to find out both bases of such a pyramid (S 1 - more and S 2 - less), then it is convenient to use this formula to calculate the volume:

Cylinder, cone and truncated cone

V \u003d π * r 2 * h.

The situation with the cone is somewhat more complicated. There is a formula for it:

V = 1/3 π * r 2 * h. It is very similar to the one indicated for the cylinder, only the value is reduced by a factor of three.

Just as with a truncated pyramid, the situation is not easy with a cone that has two bases. The formula for calculating the volume of a truncated cone looks like this:

V \u003d 1/3 π * h * (r 1 2 + r 1 r 2 + r 2 2). Here r 1 is the radius of the lower base, r 2 is the upper (smaller).

Ball, ball segments and sector

These are the most difficult formulas to remember. For the volume of the ball, it looks like this:

V = 4/3 π *r 3 .

In tasks, there is often a question of how to calculate the volume of a spherical segment - a part of a sphere that is, as it were, cut parallel to the diameter. In this case, the following formula will come to the rescue:

V \u003d π h 2 * (r - h / 3). In it, h is taken as the height of the segment, that is, the part that goes along the radius of the ball.

The sector is divided into two parts: a cone and a spherical segment. Therefore, its volume is defined as the sum of these bodies. The formula after transformation looks like this:

V = 2/3 pr 2 * h. Here h is also the height of the segment.

Task examples

About the volumes of a cylinder, a ball and a cone

Condition: the diameter of the cylinder (1 body) is equal to its height, the diameter of the ball (2 body) and the height of the cone (3 body), check the proportionality of the volumes V 1: V 2: V 3 = 3:2:1

Decision. First you need to write down three formulas for volumes. Then take into account that the radius is half the diameter. That is, the height will be equal to two radii: h = 2r. After making a simple substitution, it turns out that the formulas for volumes will look like this:

V 1 \u003d 2 π r 3, V 3 \u003d 2/3 π r 3. The formula for the volume of a sphere does not change because it does not include the height.

Now it remains to write down the volume ratios and make the reduction 2π and r 3 . It turns out that V 1: V 2: V 3 \u003d 1: 2/3: 1/3. These numbers can easily be written as 3:2:1.

About the volume of the ball

Condition: there are two watermelons with radii of 15 and 20 cm, which is more profitable to eat: the first four or the second eight?

Decision. To answer this question, you need to find the ratio of the volumes of parts that will come from each watermelon. Given that they are balls, two formulas for volumes need to be written down. Then take into account that from the first one everyone will get only a fourth part, and from the second - an eighth.

It remains to write the ratio of the volumes of the parts. It will look like this:

(V 1: 4) / (V 2: 8) = (1/3 π r 1 3) / (1/6 π r 2 3). After the transformation, only the fraction remains: (2 r 1 3) / r 2 3 . After substituting the values ​​and calculating, the fraction 6750/8000 is obtained. From it it is clear that the part from the first watermelon will be less than from the second.

Answer. It is more profitable to eat an eighth of a watermelon with a radius of 20 cm.

About the volumes of the pyramid and the cube

Condition: there is a clay pyramid with a rectangular base 8x9 cm and a height of 9 cm, a cube was made from the same piece of clay, what is its edge?

Decision. If we designate the sides of the rectangle with the letters b and c, then the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe base of the pyramid is calculated as their product. Then the formula for its volume is:

The formula for the volume of a cube is written in the article above. These two values ​​are equal: V 1 = V 2 . It remains to equate the right parts of the formulas and make the necessary calculations. It turns out that the edge of the cube will be equal to 6 cm.

About the volume of a parallelepiped

Condition: it is required to make a box with a capacity of 0.96 m 3, its width and length are known - 1.2 and 0.8 meters, what should be its height?

Decision. Since the base of the parallelepiped is a rectangle, its area is defined as the product of the length (a) and the width (b). Therefore, the formula for volume looks like this:

From it it is easy to determine the height by dividing the volume by the area. It turns out that the height should be equal to 1 m.

Answer. The height of the box is one meter.

How to calculate the volume of various geometric bodies?
In the course of solid geometry, one of the main tasks is how to calculate the volume of a particular geometric body. It all starts with a simple box and ends with a ball.

Instruction

Find out the density (ρ) of the material that makes up the physical body whose volume you want to calculate. Density is one of two characteristics of an object involved in the formula for calculating volume. If we are talking about real objects, the average density is used in the calculations, since it is difficult to imagine an absolutely physical body in real conditions. It will definitely contain unevenly distributed at least microscopic voids or inclusions of foreign materials. Consider when determining this parameter and - the higher it is, the lower the density of the substance, since at the distance between it.

The second parameter that is needed to calculate the volume is the mass (m) of the body in question. This value is determined, as a rule, by the results of the object's interaction with other gravitational fields or the gravitational fields created by them. Most often, one has to deal with mass, expressed through interaction with the force of gravity of the Earth - the weight of the body. The methods for determining this value for relatively small objects are simple - they just need to be weighed.

To calculate the volume (V) of the body, divide the parameter determined in the second step - the mass - by the parameter obtained in the first step - the density: V=m/ρ.

In practical calculations, for calculations, you can use, for example, volume. It is convenient in that it does not require looking elsewhere for the density of the desired material and entering it into the calculator - there is a drop-down list in the form with a list of the materials most commonly used in calculations. After selecting the desired line in it, enter the weight in the "Mass" field, and in the "Calculation accuracy" field, specify the number of decimal places that should be present in the calculation result. The volume in and you will find in the table below. In the same place, just in case, the radius of the sphere and the side of the cube will be given, which should correspond to such a volume of the selected substance.

Sources:

• Volume calculator
• volume formula physics

There are geometric volumetric figures, their volume is easy to calculate by formulas. A much more difficult task is to calculate the volume body human, but it can also be solved in a practical way.

You will need

• - bath
• - water
• - pencil
• - assistant

Measure all required distances in meters. The volume of many three-dimensional figures is easy to calculate using the appropriate formulas. However, all values ​​substituted into the formulas must be measured in meters. Thus, before substituting values ​​into the formula, make sure that they are all measured in meters, or that you have converted other units of measure to meters.

• 1 mm = 0.001 m
• 1 cm = 0.01 m
• 1 km = 1000 m

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Volume is a quantitative characteristic of the space occupied by a body, structure or substance.

Volume calculation formula:

V=A*B*C

A - length;
B - width;
C is the height.

You can quickly perform this simple mathematical operation using our online program. To do this, enter the initial value in the appropriate field and click the button.

See also:

m3 to l conversion calculator
cm to m conversion calculator

In our design organization, you can order the calculation of the volume of the room on the basis of a technological or design assignment.

This page provides the simplest online calculator for calculating the volume of a room. With this one-click calculator, you can calculate the volume of a room if you know the length, width and height.

A square meter is a unit of area that is equal to the area of ​​a square with a side length of 1 meter. A cubic meter is a unit of volume, equal to the volume of a cube with ribs of 1 meter. Thus, these units are used to measure various properties of matter, therefore, from the point of view of physics, it is not entirely correct to talk about translating one unit of measurement into another.

However, in practice, there are often situations when it is necessary to convert dissimilar units of measurement (for example, a square meter to a cubic meter and vice versa).

Quick article navigation

Converting square meters to cubic

Most often, such a conversion is useful when calculating the amount of building materials, since some of them are sold in cubic meters, and are intended for arranging various surfaces that are conveniently measured in square meters. In order to convert square meters to cubic meters, in addition to the length and width of the product, you need to know its thickness. Product volume is calculated by the formula V=a*b*c, where

• a,b and c - length, width and height in meters.

For example, you need to sheathe a room with clapboard.

How to calculate the volume in m3?

The total area of ​​the walls is 200 square meters. The lining is sold in cubic meters. The lining thickness is 1 cm. In order to calculate the volume of building materials, the following calculations must be made:

• Now you need to multiply the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls by the thickness of the lining in meters: 200 * 0.01 \u003d 2 cubic meters.

Thus, in order to sheathe 200 meters of square walls, you will need 2 meters of cubic lining.

Convert cubic meters to square meters

In some cases, it may be necessary to convert cubic meters to square meters - that is, to measure how many square meters of material are contained in one cubic meter. To do this, you need to know the volume and thickness (height) of the material and make calculations using the formula: S = V / a, where:

• S - area in square meters;
• V - volume in cubic meters;
• a - thickness (height) of the material.

Thus, if you need to determine what area can be sheathed with 1 cubic meter of lining 1 cm thick, you need:

• Convert the thickness of the lining in centimeters to meters: 1/100 \u003d 0.01 meters;
• Divide the volume of lining in cubic meters by the resulting thickness in meters: 1 m3 / 0.01m = 100 m2.

Thus, with a clapboard, the volume of which is 1 cubic meter, it is possible to sheathe walls with an area of ​​100 square meters.

In order for these calculations not to seem so complicated, it is enough to visualize the concepts of a cubic meter and a square meter. So, to imagine 1 cubic meter, you need to mentally draw a cube, the sides of which are equal to 1 meter.

To imagine how many square meters are contained in one cubic, you can divide the vertical plane of the cube into conditional strips, the width of which is equal to the thickness of the material being represented. The number of such bands will be equal to the area of ​​the material.

Volume is a geometric term that allows you to measure the quantitative characteristics of residential and non-residential space.

It is possible to determine the volume of a room, having information about its linear dimensions and shape characteristics. Volume is very closely intertwined with capacity characteristics. Surely everyone is familiar with such terms as the internal volume of a vessel or any container.

The volume unit is classified according to worldwide standards. There is a special measurement system - SI, according to which a cubic meter, liter or centimeter is a metric unit of volume.

Any room, whether it is a living room or a production room, has its own volume characteristics. If we consider any room in terms of geometry, then the room is comparable to a parallelepiped. This is a hexagonal figure, in the case of a room, its edges are the walls, floor and ceiling. Each side of the room is a rectangle. As is known from geometry, there is a formula for finding the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped. The volume of this figure is calculated by multiplying the three main dimensions of the parallelepiped - the length, width and height of the faces. You can also calculate the volume of a room using a simpler formula - the floor area is multiplied by the height of the room.

How to find out the volume of a room

So, how do you calculate the volume of a particular room? First, we measure the length of the wall, the longest in the room. Then we determine the length of the shortest wall in the room. All these measurements are carried out at the floor level, along the line of the baseboards. When measuring, the tape measure must be level. The time has come to measure the height of the ceiling. To do this, you need to hold a tape measure from floor to ceiling in one of the corners of the room.

All measurements must be recorded to the nearest tenth. After that, you can proceed directly to the calculation of the volume of the room. We take the length of the largest wall, multiply it by the length of the smallest wall, then multiply the result by the height of the room. As a result, we get the necessary numbers - the volume of the room.

It is necessary to calculate the volume of a room in a variety of situations. So, you need to know the volume of the room when installing a sectional heating radiator. The number of sections in it directly depends on the volume of the room. If you are installing an air conditioner, you also need to know the volumes of the room, since a separate air conditioner is designed only for a specific volume of the room.

Complex room volume

In the case when the room has an irregular shape, you need to start again from the figure of a parallelepiped. In this case, the room will be represented by a large and small volumetric body. So, the volume must be measured separately for a large parallelepiped, and then for a small one. After that, the two volumes are added together. It happens that the structure of the room is completely non-standard, there may be arches and niches of a semicircular formation. In this case, the volumes must be calculated using a different formula - the volume of the cylinder. The volume of a cylinder is always calculated according to a single formula - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bits base is multiplied by the height of a cylindrical body. Semicircular structures in the room can be represented as part of a cylinder, based on this, calculations are made of the total volume of the cylinder, and then the excess part is subtracted from them, in accordance with the dimensions of the semicircular niche.

How to find the volume of a room

Estimation of the volume of premises is quite often required in the production of construction and repair work. In most cases, this is required to clarify the amount of materials needed for repairs, as well as to select an effective heating or air conditioning system. Quantitative characteristics describing space, as a rule, require some measurements and simple calculations.

2. If the room has an irregular or complex shape, the task becomes a little more complicated. Break the area of ​​​​the room into several simple figures and calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach of them, having previously made measurements. Add up the resulting values, summing the area. Multiply the amount by the height of the room. Measurements must be carried out in the same units, for example, in meters.

5. Separately calculate the volumes of verandas, bay windows, vestibules and other auxiliary elements of the structure. Include this data in the total volume of all rooms in the building. Thus, you can easily find the volume of any room or building, the calculations are quite simple, try and be careful.

Room volume formula

How to calculate the volume of a room

Volume is a quantitative feature of a place. The volume of the room is determined by its shape and linear dimensions. The concept of capacity is closely intertwined with the concept of volume, in other words, the volume of the internal space of a vessel, packing box, etc. The accepted units of measurement are in the SI measurement system and its derivatives - cubic meter m3, cubic centimeter, liter. You will need To measure the volume of a room, you will need a tape measure, a sheet of paper, a calculator, a pen. 1 Each room, for example a room, is, from a geometric point of view, a rectangular parallelepiped.

A parallelepiped is a large figure with 6 faces. and it doesn't matter which of them is a rectangle. The formula for finding the volume of a rectangular parallelepiped is: V=abc. The number of a rectangular parallelepiped is equal to the product of 3 of its dimensions. Apart from this formula, you can measure the amount of space by multiplying the floor area by the height.

2 So start calculating the volume of the room. Determine the length of one wall, later determine the length of the 2nd wall. Take measurements on the floor, at the level of the plinth. Keep the tape measure straight.

At the moment, determine the height of the room, to do this, go to one of its corners, and accurately measure the height along the corner from floor to ceiling. Write down the acquired data on a piece of paper so as not to forget.

How to calculate the volume in m3 of concrete calculator

At the moment, proceed to the calculations: multiply the length of a long wall by the length of a short wall, multiply the acquired product by the height and you will get the required result.

The volumes of rooms are calculated in various cases: 1) in the case of purchasing an air conditioner, since air conditioners are designed for a certain number of rooms; 2) in the case of installing heating radiators in rooms, since the number of sections in the radiator depends on the volume of the room. 3 If you have an irregularly shaped room, in other words, it consists of a seemingly huge parallelepiped and a small one. In this case, it is necessary to measure the number of each of them separately, and then add them up. If your room has an alcove. then its amount must be calculated using the formula for the volume of a cylinder. The number of any cylinder is equal to the product of the area of ​​​​the base and the height: V \u003d? r2 h, where. is the number "pi" equal to 3.14, r2 is the square of the radius of the cylinder, h is the height.

Imagine your alcove for yourself as part of a cylinder, calculate the amount of what seems to be the entire cylinder, later look at what part of this cylinder your alcove occupies, subtract the excess part from the total volume.

How to calculate the area of ​​a room?

If a room has four walls and has a standard geometric figure with right angles, then it is necessary to measure two walls and multiplying the resulting two numbers by each other we get the area of ​​​​the room, and for the volume you need to multiply the result by the height. but this is only with regular geometric shapes.

It is more difficult to find the area and dimensions when the shape of the room is the wrong size, for example.

Then you need to apply all the knowledge of geometry, namely, divide the room into several regular figures and, in accordance with the formulas of these figures, find their area, and then add all the results together, then you get the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. To find the height, you need to multiply the result of the total area by the height.

Things are even worse with non-standard rooms with irregular wall and roof angles. Then you have to transfer all the dimensions of the room to paper, divide it into regular figures and, based on each figure, find its area and volume, and then summarize the results.

The area of ​​the room does not include protrusions of windows and other things that are higher than the floor, but they are included in the calculation of the volume of the room.

How to calculate the area of ​​​​a room

In the case of measuring an irregularly shaped room, for a more accurate calculation of the area, it is recommended to divide it into rectangles. By calculating the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach such area, you can find out the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room by simply summing up all the results obtained.

If it is not possible to divide the room into rectangular sections, then you can try such shapes as a triangle or a sector of a circle. The area of ​​a triangle is calculated using Heron's formula: S=v**).

P - half-perimeter of a triangle, which can be calculated in this way: p \u003d / 2

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Calculation of a brick for a house: an online calculator and how to check the calculations manually

Estimation of the volume of premises is quite often required in the production of construction and repair work. In most cases, this is required to clarify the amount of materials needed for repairs, as well as to select an effective heating or air conditioning system.

Quantitative characteristics describing space, as a rule, require some measurements and simple calculations.

1. The simplest case is when it is required to determine the volume of a room of a regular rectangular or square shape. Using a tape measure, measure in meters the length and width of the walls, as well as the height of the room. It is most convenient to take measurements along the floor, along the baseboards. Multiply the obtained indicators of length, width, height and you will get the desired volume.

2. If the room has an irregular or complex shape, the task becomes a little more complicated. Break the area of ​​​​the room into several simple shapes (rectangles, squares, semicircles, and so on) and calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach of them, having previously made measurements. Add up the resulting values, summing the area. Multiply the amount by the height of the room. Measurements must be carried out in the same units, for example, in meters.

3. When carrying out construction work, the determination of the volume of the entire structure is determined by the standards. The so-called building volume of the ground part of the building with an attic can be calculated by multiplying the horizontal sectional area along the outer contours at the level of the lower floor. Measure the full height of the building from finished floor level to the top of the attic insulation. Multiply both numbers.

4. If there are floors of different sizes, determine the total volume of premises in the building by adding the volumes of all parts. In the same way, the volume is determined if the premises have different outlines and designs.

5. Separately calculate the volumes of verandas, bay windows, vestibules and other auxiliary elements of the structure (with the exception of covered and open balconies). Include this data in the total volume of all rooms in the building. Thus, you can easily find the volume of any room or building, the calculations are quite simple, try and be careful.

2.4 Calculation of the capacity of public buildings and the size of their land plots

Public buildings house institutions and public service enterprises.

By specialization and types of services, public institutions and enterprises are divided into preschool (nurseries and kindergartens), schools, health care, cultural and educational, public utilities, trade and distribution, public catering, administrative and economic, etc.

Calculation of the volume of the room.

The composition of public institutions for each populated area is initially developed in the draft district planning, which presents the entire system of resettlement in the area and the placement of institutions and service enterprises in settlements. These developments are taken into account when determining the composition of public buildings in a particular populated area. This takes into account the possibility of further operation of existing buildings.

The calculation of the capacity or throughput of institutions and service enterprises is carried out according to the design norms (SNiP).

Table 6

Perspective calculation of public institutions

2.5 Drawing up a list of design buildings and structures

Public buildings house institutions and public service enterprises. By specialization and types of services, public institutions and enterprises are divided into:

Preschool children's (nurseries and kindergartens);

school;

healthcare,

cultural and educational;

· household;

· trade and distribution;

· Catering;

Administrative and economic and others.

According to the territorial coverage of services, they can be divided into the following groups:

1) servicing residents of several settlements;

2) services for residents of one populated area;

3) services for residents of certain parts of a populated area.

The first group includes institutions located in regional centers and serving the entire population of the region (district Council of People's Deputies, House of Culture, post office, department store, etc.), as well as institutions serving a group of settlements and located in the largest of them, for example , in the central estates of farms (village Council of People's Deputies, state farm office, collective farm board, secondary school, hospital, etc.). The second group consists of institutions serving all residents of one populated area. The third group includes institutions that serve residents of certain parts of a large populated area and are represented in it by several buildings located at different points (kindergartens and nurseries, schools, grocery stores, etc.).

This system of service establishments was called the "step system". It ensures the proximity of service establishments to residents. Thus, the first group includes institutions of episodic use, the second - periodic use, and the third - provides for daily maintenance.

The composition of public institutions for each populated area is initially developed in the draft district planning, which presents the entire system of resettlement in the area and the placement of institutions and service enterprises in settlements. These developments are taken into account when determining the composition of public buildings in a particular populated area. At the same time, the possibilities of further operation of existing public buildings are taken into account.

The calculation of the capacity or throughput of institutions and service enterprises is carried out according to the calculated norms.

In accordance with the calculated data of public institutions, standard designs of public buildings are selected for a particular populated area. At the same time, it is advisable to give preference to such standard projects, which provide for the placement of several public institutions in one building. At the same time, the construction and operating cost per unit volume of the building is reduced, its appearance becomes more interesting, and the architecture of the public center where the building is located is enriched.