Menu for a 10 month old child with allergies. Basic rules of a hypoallergenic diet for adults and children

Certain stimuli the body reacts to haptens and antigens. Antigens include:

• Dust.
• Pollen.
• Components of chemical origin.
• Wool.

The haptens are:

• Allergens in various foods.

When a person has a tendency to allergies, then when polysaccharides and proteins enter the body, they are accepted as foreign, and antibodies for protection begin to be produced against them, and later neurotransmitters. These substances provoke the development of allergies in the form of skin rashes, malfunctions of the digestive tract and respiratory organs. What can and cannot be eaten by an allergic person? That's what we'll talk about.

Main food allergens

Basically, allergies can be to the following products:

• Seafood.
• Milk products.
• Fish.
• Eggs.
• Legumes.
• Nuts.
• Chocolate.
• Some types of fruits and vegetables.
• Celery.
• Buckwheat.
• Certain types of meat.
• Peanut.

A large place among allergies falls on semi-finished products, canned food, fast food, various smoked meats, sweet carbonated drinks, sauces. It is they that cause a person to feel unwell, skin rashes and other symptoms inherent in allergies. But what can you eat with allergies? You will learn more about this later.

What can you eat with some allergies

With bronchial asthma, you can eat almost all foods, with the exception of:

• Wheat bread.
• Orekhov.
• Honey.
• Some fruits that contain salicylic acid.
• Raspberries.
• Abrikosov.
• oranges.
• Cherries.

What can you eat if you are allergic to wool? You can eat almost all foods except pork and beef.

If you are allergic to ticks, dust, daphnia, cockroaches, you should avoid eating the following products:

• Shrimp.
• Crabs.
• Lobsters.
• Langustov.
• snails.

Ambrosia and with the type of pollinosis, the following foods should be excluded:

• Sunflower oil.
• Seeds.
• Watermelon.
• Melon.
• Strawberries.
• Citrus.
• Celery.
• Dill and parsley.
• Spices.

What can you eat if you are allergic to milk proteins? Avoid:

• Milk.
• Dairy products.
• Cream.
• Ice cream.
• Wheat bread.
• Butter.

What can you eat with allergies: a list

The list of products that are allowed to be used for allergies are:

• beef, chicken, turkey.
• Vegetarian soups.
• Olive, vegetable and sunflower oils.
• Rice, buckwheat, oatmeal.
• Curdled milk, cottage cheese, kefir and yogurt without flavorings.
• Cheese.
• Cucumbers, cabbage, greens, potatoes, green peas.
• Green apples and pears (bake before use).
• Weak tea without additives.
• Dried fruits compote.
• Not fresh bread, unleavened cakes, pita bread.

What pills to take for allergies

Medicines that are used to relieve the symptoms of allergies belong to the following groups:

• Antihistamines. These funds do not allow mediators of allergy and histamine to stand out.
• Glucocorticoid hormones for systemic exposure.
• membrane stabilizers. They reduce the excitability of the cells that are responsible for the development of allergies.

Antihistamines are used to eliminate allergy symptoms in a short period. New generation drugs reduce the sensitivity to histamine, so they need to be taken several times a day after the same period of time.

What are possible? The allowed drugs include: "Suprastin", "Tavegil", "Dibazol". Be sure to consult with your doctor. During pregnancy, allergy medicines can only be used in exceptional cases.

What else can be used for allergies? The latest generation of drugs for allergic reactions simultaneously affect histamine receptors and lose sensitivity to the allergy mediator. Even with a high level of histamine in the blood, an allergic reaction will not develop in the future. The advantage of the new generation of tablets is that they do not cause sedation and are taken only once a day. These are drugs: Ketotifen, Cetirizine, Claritin, Loratadine.

Membrane stabilizers are used to strengthen the membrane of basophils, and they do not destroy the allergen that has entered the body. Basically, this group of drugs is prescribed for the treatment of chronic allergies.

Glucocorticoid hormones are prescribed for severe allergies, when other methods and drugs have not given the desired effect. They are considered analogues of adrenal hormones and have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. These hormones after treatment should be canceled, gradually reducing their dose.

Allergy Tests

If you have allergy symptoms, then you need to be examined and identify the cause. Where can I get tested for allergies? To do this, you need to contact the laboratory. Analyzes can be taken by the following methods:

• scratch method. In the process of performing diagnostics, an allergen is placed at the puncture site. After a while, redness or swelling may occur. The test is positive if the papule is larger than 2 mm. About 20 samples can be taken at one puncture site.
• The injection method.
• Intradermal tests with a different component of allergens.

It is necessary to take tests if an allergy occurs after eating, medicines and household chemicals. Skin testing is considered a reliable and proven method for diagnosing all allergic reactions to which the body is hypersensitive. Three days before the diagnosis, you need to stop taking antihistamines.

Diet for allergies: features

• On allergy days, eat at least 4 times a day.
• Eat boiled beef, chicken and pork meat.
• During this period, eat pasta, eggs, milk, sour cream, kefir (if there are no contraindications).
• Cucumbers, zucchini, greens.
• It is recommended to refuse fruits, berries and mushrooms.
• You can not eat sugar and honey, as well as products that contain these components.
• Exclude dough products, alcoholic beverages, coffee, cocoa, smoked meats, pickles.

All products and medicines can be prescribed and adjusted only by a doctor. There is another type of hypoallergic diets. They are used not for the purpose of treatment, but for the purpose of prevention, to eliminate an allergic irritant. If allergies bother you quite often, then such a diet must be followed constantly. Doctors identify several appropriate methods. They are used for allergic reactions to various irritants.

Nutrition after allergies

What can be done after an allergy? When the symptoms of the disease begin to pass, you can gradually add certain foods to the diet. This is carried out according to a special scheme from low-allergenic to high-allergenic. Each new product is introduced once every three days. If an exacerbation of allergies has begun, it means that the last product turned out to be allergenic. List of products that can be used after allergies:

• Lean and boiled beef, chicken or pork.
• Soups on a secondary broth with the addition of cereals.
• Vegetarian soups.
• Vegetable oil and butter.
• Boiled potatoes.
• Various cereals.
• Lactic products.
• Cucumbers, greens.
• Watermelon and baked apples.
• Herb tea.
• Compotes from berries and dried fruits.
• White bread without yeast.

Diet for exacerbation of allergies

In the period of exacerbation, you need to contact an allergist. Here the doctor will be able to do tests that will reveal the allergen. You also need to follow a strict diet. It is based on several steps:

1. Starvation. For two days, the patient should drink only water. Avoid tea, coffee and carbonated drinks in general. During the day, you need to take up to 1.5 liters of pure water.
2. Can be introduced into some products. They should be the least allergenic. These are cereals, yeast-free bread and vegetable broth.

You can stay on such a diet for a week and eat up to 7 times a day in small portions. Then you should follow the basic diet for another two weeks until the symptoms of an allergic reaction completely disappear. With allergies, you can drink purified or mineral water without gases. Tea without flavorings and additives, dried fruit compote, rosehip decoction are also shown. You can not drink coffee, cocoa, beer, kvass, carbonated drinks, as well as grape wines, vermouth, tinctures, liqueurs.

Outcome

Allergy is a rather serious pathology that can lead to complications. Patients who suffer from such an ailment are advised to follow a certain diet, to know the allowed and prohibited foods for a particular irritant. Together with treatment and the use of antihistamines, the doctor ascribes to the patient a hypoallergic diet. It must be observed for about three weeks until the allergy disappears completely. The latest generation drugs are prescribed once a day and can be used for a long time without developing an addiction syndrome. People prone to allergic reactions should not abuse alcohol and smoking. These factors provoke the onset of the disease. Be healthy!

Nutrition is important for a child, especially an allergic person. Parents must understand that proper diet the child will relieve the symptoms of allergies, and also help to avoid many diseases that can develop on the background of allergies: cough, runny nose, asthma.

What should be included in menu for older children? What to feed an allergic teenager?

Hypoallergenic diet: standard menu

Before you paint the diet of the child yourself, see an allergist . He will tell you how to develop a special diet for the treatment or acute symptoms of allergies.

Of course, the doctor will take into account physiological needs of a teenager in minerals, vitamins and essential nutrients that are so necessary for the child's body.

If there is no allergist in your city, you can safely visit the same pediatrician or nutritionist.

Hypoallergenic diet - the main menu for a child. This is the standard, basic diet. Based on it, you can create an individual diet. Such a diet can be followed by an allergic person throughout life and can become a good habit.

Answering a few key questions about a hypoallergenic diet for a child

• What should be the products?

All products must be steamed, boiled or cooked in the oven. It is also worth excluding foods containing food additives and dyes from the diet, and purchasing only fresh, natural products.

• What to exclude from the diet?

First of all, fish, seafood, soy products, cow's milk, tomatoes, bananas, eggs, strawberries, grapes, cocoa have a high level of allergenicity. They should not be used at all.
Secondly, spices, exotic fruits, sweets may contain substances harmful to a teenager.
Thirdly Even the most common vegetables — like red peppers, radishes, and sauerkraut — can trigger some allergy symptoms. They can be used, but under the supervision of a doctor.
As for fruits, then the following are prohibited: raspberry, blackberry, peach, pomegranate, pineapple, kiwi.

• How to diversify the menu?

If you know what the child has an allergen, then it is better to exclude products with its content. But food that does not cause allergies can be introduced into the diet, but in small doses - about 10-20 grams. So you will definitely make sure that a teenager can eat certain foods.

It is worth noting that an allergic reaction in the body can occur in the first hours after eating any food.

Sample menu for an allergic teenager

Every morning you need to teach your child to drink 20-30 minutes before meals, a glass of water with the juice of half a lemon . Due to this, the liver is cleared of toxins and toxins, the period of exacerbation of allergies is softened.

Monday

• On breakfast cook oatmeal porridge in water with apples or applesauce.
• At lunch offer your child soup with lentils or peas in chicken broth, as well as boiled rice with beef, green tea.
• For dinner he can eat a casserole of cottage cheese and raisins, drink tea or water.

Tuesday

• Satisfy hunger in the morning corn porridge will help, if there is no allergy to cow's milk, you can add a piece of butter to the dish.
• At lunch offer your child chicken breast broth with herbs and vegetables. Do not add to it those foods that a teenager is allergic to. On the second - buckwheat and boiled turkey.
• For dinner the child eats a carrot casserole. May add sour cream, again, if he is not allergic to cow's milk.

Wednesday

Thursday

• Breakfast the child will start with a salad of cottage cheese, cucumbers, parsley and dill. Can drink a glass of yogurt.
• At lunch prepare milk soup for him, as well as potato meatballs, green tea.
• For dinner Carrot casserole and green tea will do.

Friday

• Satisfy your morning hunger millet or barley porridge. Choose which one to cook based on the taste preferences of the child.
• At lunch feed him chicken breast and herb broth and stewed cabbage. Can drink green tea.
• For dinner let him eat a potato casserole with cabbage, drink tea or water.

Saturday

Sunday

• On breakfast you can cook baked apples with cottage cheese and raisins, drink a glass of low-fat kefir.
• At lunch a light soup of rice and vegetables is suitable, as well as boiled chicken breast or boiled beef with buckwheat, a glass of water.
• For dinner you can offer a teenager dumplings with potatoes, but in no case with cherries, strawberries and other fruits. Add sour cream, dill, parsley to the dish. You can drink green tea with food.

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Allergen products

• Chicken eggs;
• Cow's milk and often goat's milk and products from them, except for fermented milk;
• Sea and river fish, especially smoked;
• Seafood - shrimp, lobster and crabs;
• Goose or duck meat;
• Mushrooms;
• Red and orange fruits and vegetables;
• Soy and all soy;
• Wheat and all grains containing gluten;
• Smoked meat and sausage;
• Sauces, ketchups and mayonnaise of industrial production;
• Spicy herbs and root vegetables, vinegar;
• Sunflower oil;
• Nuts (walnuts, almonds, peanuts, hazelnuts);
• Sweets, especially chocolate;
• Honey and bee products;
• White wheat bread, buns, cookies and waffles;
• Canned food and any products with food colorings and additives;
• Spices other than bay leaf.

What should the baby eat then? All products from the list during an exacerbation of the disease can really cause a significant blow to the baby's body, but during a period of long-term remission, they can be introduced into the diet only by acting carefully and slowly.

This is how we introduced new products into complementary foods for a child up to a year old, and this is how we introduce an allergen product into the menu of allergic children - in small portions, starting with 1-2 teaspoons. The metabolism will gradually readjust to a new product, build a protective mechanism and, over time, will perceive it as friendly. The hypoallergenic children's menu will gradually expand, and narrow during periods of seasonal exacerbations.

Dietary vegetable dishes for children with allergies

Allowed vegetable crops:

• zucchini and squash;
• any cabbage (except red cabbage);
• cucumbers;
• potatoes (only soaked from starches) and Jerusalem artichoke;
• green and onion, parsnip, celery, dill, parsley and bay leaf.

What hypoallergenic dishes for children can be prepared from vegetables?

1. Vegetables steamed and in a slow cooker.
2. Vegetable stews in the oven, with or without meat.
3. Salads of fresh cucumbers and cabbage with herbs.
4. Soups on meat or vegetable broth.
5. Mashed potatoes on vegetable broth with the addition of other allowed vegetables.

Recipes for children's diet vegetables

Cabbage and apple salad

We chop the white cabbage very finely, grate the apple and mix these components. Sprinkle with apple juice and stir. Prunes, cut into thin strips, can be added to the salad. Serve with hot potato stew or porridge.

Soup with cauliflower and kohlrabi

This delicious soup will be loved by both younger and older family members. It is prepared very easily, the color is fresh, the taste is delicate.

For the soup, we need the following vegetables:

• cauliflower - 3-4 inflorescences,
• kohlrabi cabbage - half a spherical stem,
• parsley root - a small piece,
• oatmeal - 2 tablespoons,
• parsley and dill - to taste.
• a little butter and sour cream - for dressing.

Cooking

Peeled parsley root and kohlrabi turnip stem are cut into thin strips and slightly lowered in a saucepan with warmed butter.

We put on fire a pan with 1 liter of meat or vegetable broth (you can also take plain water). We put the cauliflower, disassembled into small inflorescences, into the boiling broth, add the flakes and add the parsley root and kohlrabi, lowered in a saucepan.

Cook vegetables until soft. If desired, you can add a couple of sliced ​​​​potatoes.

Serve with sour cream, adding a little salt to the soup right in the bowl.

Zucchini stuffed in a double boiler

Ingredients

• Zucchini - 2 fruits
• Low-fat veal - 400 g
• Onion - 1 bulb
• Salt - a little
• Parsley - a few sprigs
• Sour cream - 2 tbsp.

Cooking

1. First, prepare the minced meat: wash the meat and onion, cut into pieces and scroll twice in a meat grinder.
2. My zucchini, cut off the ends and cut across the fruit into pieces 5-6 cm long. For each “barrel”, we select the pulp with a spoon, forming a void for stuffing it with meat. Finely chop the pulp without seeds and add to the prepared minced meat.
3. Mix ground meat with onions with zucchini pulp, chopped parsley (only leaves!), Add some salt and add half the sour cream. We fill the voids near the zucchini with the stuffing, put it in the double boiler basket and cook for 50 minutes.
4. Serve topped with sour cream.

From zucchini and squash, you can cook green caviar, pancakes on oatmeal without eggs, bake with cottage cheese in the oven and many other interesting dishes. The main thing is to turn on your imagination!

Potatoes with cottage cheese baked in foil

This is a very tasty but simple dish that children love very much. It's very easy to prepare.

Medium-sized potato tubers (2 pcs.) Peel and cut into slices 5 mm thick, soak for an hour in cold water.

While the potatoes are soaking, prepare the minced curd: grind 200 g of cottage cheese through a sieve, add dill greens (a little), add some salt and mix with sour cream (2 tablespoons).

Brush the center of the foil square with olive oil. Now we cover each potato circle with minced curd, as we prepare a sandwich, lay out our “sandwiches” in layers in a checkerboard pattern in the center of the foil and add about a quarter cup of water.

We wrap the free edges of the foil and diligently pinch them to lock in moisture. Bake in the oven for 30-40 minutes. Serve directly in foil (children will love this serving very much!) With sour cream or baby kefir.

Recipes for meat dishes for allergic children

If goose and duck meat causes allergies, then beef (veal), turkey and rabbit are dietary products. Meat must be included in the child's menu, as it is rich in iron and high-grade proteins.

Turkey cutlets with zucchini

Ingredients

• Turkey meat - 400 g
• Zucchini - half a fruit or about 150 g
• Rice flour - 2 tbsp.
• Salt - a little

Cooking

Grind the pieces of turkey meat and zucchini in a meat grinder, add flour, add some salt and mix thoroughly. We beat the minced meat against the walls of the dish and then form small cutlets out of it. We put them in the bowl of a double boiler, which we pre-lubricate with olive oil, and steam for about 50 minutes. Serve with sour cream and any side dish.

These cutlets can also be cooked in a saucepan. We put the formed cutlets in a saucepan, the bottom of which is also greased with olive oil, pour 1 glass of water and simmer for about 40-50 minutes.

Dietary meat dishes for allergy sufferers are as diverse as for healthy people. Their recipe lacks only carrots and spices. Therefore, you can cook cabbage rolls, and stuffed green peppers, and meat rolls, and meatballs, and stew, and even create delicious pilaf!

Baby hypoallergenic cereals

The dietary children's menu contains a lot of cereals both as a side dish and as a dessert. From allowed cereals, we can cook rice, oatmeal, corn and buckwheat porridge. But it also happens that this list can be either wider or narrower.

Milk porridges are boiled in milk obtained from dry milk mixtures, or in soy, rice milk or in water. Porridge boiled in water is not necessarily tasteless. If you offer your baby dessert porridge, then a grated apple, banana, juicy pear or a couple of plums can enrich its taste.

If you are preparing porridge for meat or vegetables, then prepare a salad of cucumbers and cabbage, fritters from zucchini, stew white cabbage or serve boiled broccoli with sour cream.

Desserts for allergic children

Unfortunately, small children with allergies are not recommended to sweeten desserts. And honey, unfortunately, is impossible. Therefore, dried fruits (from those allowed) and fresh fruits can serve as sweeteners: apple, green pear, banana, kiwi.

The best hypoallergenic desserts are prepared on the basis of children's kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is that both cottage cheese and kefir are not sour. In this case, the addition of a banana or sweet pear solves the dessert's sweetness problem.

banana oatmeal cookies

These delicious cookies will be a real joy for your baby, and you will be happy to taste a few things!

For diet cookies we need:

• 1 cup oatmeal (flakes)
• 2 bananas (ripe)
• a handful of light raisins and a handful of dried fruits (apples and pears),
• olive oil for greasing the mold.

Making these cookies is a real pleasure! We knead bananas with a fork, put oatmeal and dried fruits in them (crush large pieces into tiny cubes), mix and form cookies. Spread on a baking sheet, previously oiled with olive oil, and bake in a very hot oven for 15 minutes.

From drinks it is allowed to prepare a decoction of dried fruits from apples and pears, or from fresh fruits. Delicious drink and green tea with stevia herb, which contains glycosides that sweeten the drink. It is not only a natural sweetener, but also a very valuable medicinal herb.

Dear mothers! We hope that our simple tips will help you create a dietary children's menu for an allergic person, which you can easily implement by preparing dishes according to your child's taste preferences. We hope that growing up your baby will get stronger, his metabolism will normalize, and together you will start cooking everything that was previously forbidden!

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For an allergic child, a correctly selected menu is a guarantee of good health. The right diet not only alleviates the symptoms of allergies, but also helps to avoid a host of concomitant diseases. To correctly compose the menu, let's decide on the ingredients that need to be excluded.

What can cause allergies

The list of foods that can cause allergies is quite extensive. For some people, only 2-3 foods may be allergens, while for others, most foods are problematic.

Top 10 Food Allergens:

• Milk. It also applies to other products containing milk (lactose): cheeses, yogurts, butter, cottage cheese, sometimes veal or beef meat.
• Eggs. You should be careful with products containing eggs: cakes, pasta, mayonnaise, pastries.
• Honey. May cause severe allergies due to plant pollen.
• Fish. Allergy to seafood and fish is rare, but it is the strongest in terms of the degree of action.
• Gluten. It is an allergen found in barley, oats, wheat, rye.
• Fruits. The most allergenic fruits of bright colors: strawberries and all citrus fruits. Kiwis and pineapples can also be unsafe.
• Meat. A fairly rare allergen. Adverse reactions are usually associated with consumption of beef (if allergic to milk) and chicken (if allergic to eggs).
• Vegetables. Most often unsafe: tomatoes, eggplant, zucchini and carrots.
• Nuts. Peanuts and almonds (these are found in various children's sweets).
• Chocolate. Chocolate itself is not an allergen, but it makes the body vulnerable to other allergens.

If the allergen has not yet been identified, it is better to draw up a child's menu, taking into account all the products that can cause a negative reaction.

Allergy child menu

The main thing in the menu of an allergic child is a hypoallergenic diet, that is, a basic diet, based on which it is possible to choose an individual diet.

Diet Options

On breakfast:

1. Pancakes made from buckwheat flour without eggs, with pieces of fruit or berries that do not cause allergies. Weak tea.
2. Pumpkin porridge. Apple juice.
3. Rice porridge with grated banana (or apple). Dried fruits compote.

For lunch:

1. First course: Vegetable soup based on: cabbage, potatoes, celery, green peas, parsley, carrots, beans. Various cereals are added to the soup.
   Second course: Boiled rice with rabbit stew.
2. First course: Rice soup with rabbit broth.
   Second course: Buckwheat porridge with stewed cabbage.
3. First course: Borscht on turkey broth (without tomato and overcooking).
   Second course: Potato pancakes (for fastening, use 1-2 tablespoons of semolina instead of eggs).

For an afternoon snack:

1. Fruit (berry) puree. Green tea.
2. Lenten pancakes with banana. Dried fruits compote.
3. Rice casserole with fruits. Apple juice.

For dinner:

1. Mashed potatoes on the water, steamed turkey meatballs. Salad of grated apple and cabbage.
2. Vegetable pigeons. Two slices of rye bread.
3. Buckwheat and minced rabbit casserole (poached onions and carrots are mixed with minced meat and boiled buckwheat, baked in the oven). Salad of fresh cucumbers and dill.

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General principles for the formation of a diet for allergies in a child

During the formation of the diet, it is very important to take into account the characteristics of the child's body.

So, it must be remembered that children, to a much greater extent than adults, need protein and fiber. This is due to the extremely high activity of the child (especially at the age of 3-7 years), and the need to "finish" all systems and organs. But it so happened that it is animal protein that most often provokes an inadequate immune response.

The second point is the high prevalence of allergy to cow's milk protein. In addition, there are certain differences between "children's" food allergies and "adult":

• in most children, the immune reaction is combined with a non-immune one (the so-called pseudo-allergy is realized);
• most often polyallergenic sensitization takes place;
• the older the child, the higher the likelihood of developing a cross-allergy.

The last point is connected, first of all, with the expansion of the child's diet.

Taking into account all the above features, we can distinguish the basic principles for the formation of any hypoallergenic diet - both specific and non-specific:

• a diet is necessary for any allergic disease, whether it is food hypersensitivity, hay fever or contact dermatitis;
• with food allergies, it is imperative to accurately determine the trigger allergen;
• it is necessary to exclude animal protein as completely as possible and replace it with vegetable protein;
• the use of fermented milk products is acceptable;
• mandatory exclusion of histamine liberator products;
• it is important to exclude not only causative allergens, but also cross irritants (especially important for hay fever);
• requires strict control of the usefulness and balance of the diet.

Rules to follow

Another point worth focusing on is the rules that must be followed if a child needs a hypoallergenic diet:

1. Working in tandem with an allergist. You can not independently exclude foods from the diet or introduce them, especially in severe allergies;
2. Strict compliance. You can not "follow the lead" of a child asking for an allergenic product. It is important to remember that with true allergies, even a small portion is enough to form a severe allergic reaction;
3. Timely adjustment. There is a possibility of self-healing of some types of allergies with age, as well as the emergence of new ones;
4. Hypoallergenic life. Should go in conjunction with a diet - regular wet cleaning, the absence of mold, dust in the house, if possible, pets, the use of air filters.

Stages of entering a diet for allergies in a child

1. Identification of a trigger factor, selection of a diet. Provocative tests, scarification tests, empirical diet therapy are carried out. The duration of this stage is the higher, the more allergens are direct irritants;
2. Supportive care. The longest stage in diet therapy (its duration varies from 3-5 months to several years. At this stage, all foods that are allergenic to humans are excluded;
3. Diet expansion. The transition criterion is complete clinical and laboratory remission. At this stage, starting from the minimum doses, minimally allergenic products are introduced first, then cross-allergens and, in case of successful introduction, attempts are made to introduce more and more strong allergens.

Non-specific diet

A non-specific diet implies the exclusion of all highly allergenic foods. She is appointed on the very first visit to the allergist with complaints about the presence of hypersensitivity reactions.

Elimination diets of the most "broad spectrum" are used. According to I.V. Borisova, professor of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, all products are divided into three types according to the degree of their allergenic activity. Highlight products:

High Activity:

Medium activity:

Weak activity:

The Union of Pediatricians of Russia offers a similar scheme for distributing products according to their allergenicity:

Dr. E.O. Komarovsky names the six most allergenic foods:

• egg;
• peanut;
• milk protein;
• wheat;
• fish.

Ado hypoallergenic diet for children

HELL. Ado, a Soviet pathophysiologist, immunologist and allergist, studying the trigger mechanisms of allergic reactions, found out that there are products that are practically obligate (mandatory) allergens, and there are those that are relatively safe in terms of allergies.

The Ado diet for allergic children, formed back in 1987, is based on this: the exclusion of “aggressive” food and its replacement with a more gentle one.

The advantages of this diet:

• a specific list of foods that should not be consumed, rather than a lengthy definition of "dangerous food";
• exclusion of all allergens at once, which ensures the rapid elimination of the clinical symptoms of allergies;
• the ability to introduce obligate allergens into the diet in turn, finding out which irritant the reaction develops to.

However, this technique also has disadvantages:

• extreme nonspecificity;
• lack of focus on the individual characteristics of each child.

What is possible with this hypoallergenic diet for a child, and what is not

According to Ado, you can use the following products:

It is necessary to remove from the diet without fail:

Hypoallergenic diet menu for children for 7 days (according to Ado)

Thus, the diet menu for children for a week may look like this:

It is worth noting that this diet is suitable for a child of any age (over 2 years), but is exemplary and requires adjustment in portion sizes.

specific diet

In this section, it is worth considering the types of dietary nutrition for various diseases and symptom complexes, and separately for food allergies to specific groups of irritants. Despite the fact that, in general, dietary tables are similar. Each case has its own characteristics.

Diet for respiratory allergies

With pollinosis, it is most important to exclude cross-allergens. This is necessary in order to avoid the development of oral allergic syndrome. Depending on which plant pollen becomes an irritant, there are lists of cross-allergens.

In bronchial asthma, which often becomes a symptom or outcome of hay fever, the main symptom of which is broncho-obstructive syndrome, it is extremely important to exclude honey from the diet so as not to provoke an episode of bronchial obstruction and, as a result, suffocation, cough, heaviness in the chest.

Diet for skin allergies

It has been proven that when it comes to treating children with allergic dermatitis caused not by food allergies, but by direct contact with the allergen, as well as with eczema, with urticaria provoked by this factor, diet therapy does not play a significant role.

But a hypoallergenic diet for children with atopic dermatitis should be chosen much more carefully and with caution. This is especially important if atopic dermatitis is caused by food allergies.

In this case, the elimination of the trigger factor is actually etiopathogenetic therapy and determines the success of the treatment. But even in the absence of a direct reaction of an allergic person to food, it is necessary to follow a non-specific diet.

Diet for food allergies in children

With food allergies, the exclusion of the trigger allergen itself, as well as all cross-stimuli, is of key importance.

There are several main options for diet tables:

• diet without milk
• diet for hypersensitivity to cereals;
• diet for hypersensitivity to egg protein;
• soy allergy diet
• diet for allergies to yeast and mold.

Dairy free diet

This type of diet can be prescribed for hypersensitivity to cow's milk protein. In the most difficult situation, when the child does not tolerate either milk or dairy products, you should refrain from drinking:

Often traces of milk protein can contain:

• confectionery, sweets;
• creams and sauces;
• waffles;
• biscuit;
• sausage and sausages.

• casein;
• casein hydrolyzate;
• buttermilk;
• sodium caseinate;
• potassium caseinate;
• calcium caseinate;
• lactalbumin;
• lactoglobulin.

It is necessary to compensate for the lack of milk and dairy products with lean meat, poultry, soy, legumes. Mandatory control over the intake of calcium in the body. Age norms:

You can compensate for calcium deficiency with vitamin complexes, as well as fish, legumes, and vegetables. You need to take vitamin D.

Diet for allergies to cereals

From the child's diet should be excluded:

It is important to pay attention to such names on the packaging:

• vegetable protein (including its hydrolysates);
• vegetable starch;
• malt and flavorings based on it;
• monosodium glutamate.

Be careful with emulsifiers, thickeners, flavors, which also often contain cereal proteins.

You can compensate for these products with barley, oats, rye, rice, buckwheat, cornmeal. However, this should be done with caution, keeping in mind the possibility of developing cross-allergies.

Diet for egg allergy

It is necessary to remove from the consumed products everything that contains egg white:

You should beware of such names on the label:

To replace egg white (and this is usually required for baking), you can use flaxseed, soy flour and cottage cheese, gelatin, potato starch. In addition, a large number of recipes are available for the preparation of which eggs are not required.

Soy allergy diet

It is necessary to exclude dishes in which this product is used, incl. some sausages, sausages, minced meat, dough, coffee, chocolate, ice cream, margarine. Do not eat soy sauce.

In case of hypersensitivity to yeast, you should not:

• muffin;
• vinegar;
• sauerkraut;
• dairy products;
• fruit juices;
• kvass;
• alcoholic drinks, especially beer (especially true for teenagers!).

Diet for other diseases

With hemorrhagic vasculitis, which has another name - allergic purpura - diet therapy is very important. On the one hand, food allergy is often the cause of autoimmune aseptic inflammation. On the other hand, one of the main elements of the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis is the appointment of hormonal drugs.

However, this disease is not treated on an outpatient basis, all children are necessarily placed in a hospital, so it is easier to follow a diet. Should be excluded:

• causative allergens (if any);
• products that have ever caused adverse reactions, including allergies or food intolerances;
• obligate allergens.

With Quincke's edema, the diet should also be selected in accordance with the allergic history. If this condition was caused by an insect bite or the administration of a drug, a non-specific diet is sufficient. In the case when the edema was provoked by a food allergen, its exclusion is absolutely necessary.

Hypoallergenic diet for children of all ages

The data above is pretty generic. However, it is impossible to deny that the nutrition of a child at the age of 8 months and 16 years is categorically different things. That is why it is important to highlight the features of a hypoallergenic diet for children of different ages.

Nutrition for children up to a year

For infants, the main allergen is cow's milk protein. That is why products based on it are introduced into complementary foods late, not earlier than the 8th month of life. As for the main type of nutrition, this issue is relevant for those children who are on artificial or mixed feeding.

A mixture of cow's milk is contraindicated for them, hypoallergenic products are needed, for example:

• Nutrilon Pepti;
• Nutrilak Peptidi;
• Tutteli-Peptidi;
• Nutramigen;
• Pregestimil;
• Frisopep AS.

For children with other types of allergies, hypoallergenic mixtures should also be prescribed, however, it is acceptable to use food based on moderately or partially hydrolyzed casein:

• Nutrilak GA;
• Nutrilon GA;
• Humana GA;
• GA theme
• and etc.

In the event that the child is breastfed, it is necessary to adjust the nutrition of the nursing mother. She may be given a dairy-free or gluten-free diet, or a non-specific hypoallergenic diet may be recommended.

Nutrition for children from one to three years

During this period, diet therapy is especially important.

Hypoallergenic diet for children 1 year old:

1. necessarily implies the exclusion of milk.
2. Dairy products are allowed if they are well tolerated.
3. It is impossible to give the child products from the group of highly allergenic, the transition to a common table is unacceptable, the food should be lightly salted, without spices, preferably without chemical additives.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child 2 years old:

• allows the introduction of chicken and quail eggs with good tolerance, but does not allow the transition to a common table.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child of 3 years:

• already makes it possible to transfer the child to an "adult" diet, fish and nuts are allowed.
• However, even with a favorable course of the disease, it is not recommended to give the child chocolate, cocoa, tropical fruits, strawberries and wild strawberries, mushrooms, citrus fruits, tomatoes, seasonings.

Diet No. 5 GA for children 1-3 years old - menu

Sample menu for a day of a hypoallergenic diet for young children.

Diet for allergies in children older than three years, adolescents

By and large, a hypoallergenic menu for a week for a child of three and twelve years old differs only in the amount of servings. However, it is much easier to control small children than older ones: pocket money appears, time spent outside the attention of parents.

In older adolescence, prohibitions on:

• alcoholic drinks;
• fast food;
• products with a large number of dyes, flavors, flavorings.

Thus, the formation of a hypoallergenic diet is a very responsible process, in which it is important to take into account many factors, such as the type of allergy, the age of the child, and the trigger factor. Therefore, it is better to entrust the preparation of the diet to a specialist.

We must not forget that the observance of a hypoallergenic diet for children is one of the most important, and sometimes the main, element of the treatment of an allergic disease.

Allergy-center.ru

Allergy: risk factors and symptomatic manifestations

This disease is a rejection by the digestive system of a child of a certain category of products - allergens. A negative reaction of the body can manifest itself both immediately after eating food, and after a long time - in the second case we are talking about the so-called delayed disease.

We list the main reactions of the child's body that can be observed with allergies:

1. Skin manifestations. This group of symptoms includes rashes and redness, as well as dry skin. Another unpleasant consequence is itchy skin. Untimely adoption of measures can lead to the fact that the described reactions develop into allergic dermatitis.
2. Reactions of the digestive tract. This group of consequences often includes abdominal pain, nauseous reactions, regurgitation and vomiting. In most allergy sufferers, there is also a violation of the stool of various kinds, swelling. Dysbacteriosis can also refer to the described symptomatic group.
3. Problems with the respiratory system. The baby's body can signal allergies with symptoms such as nasal congestion or a runny nose.

Individually, these symptoms may be due to other diseases, but the presence of reactions from different groups is almost always an indicator of an allergic deviation. The factors for the occurrence of atopy can be completely different:

• violation by the mother of the postulates of healthy eating;
• inadequate development of the digestive system;
• intestinal infections in infancy;
• artificial nutrition introduced too early;
• excessive nutrition;
• too early use of highly allergenic foods, etc.

Whatever the cause of the allergy, the nutrition of a child with such a disease should be carefully monitored by parents in order to avoid further development of the disease and complications.

Reference: Scientists have proven that the main cause of childhood allergies is most often the use by the mother of products containing food colorings - both during pregnancy and during breastfeeding.

Allergens

An allergy is an individual intolerance to a particular product, therefore allergens are different in each case. However, all of them can be classified into three groups, which are presented in the table below.

Statistics say that in 90% of cases, allergic symptoms in babies are caused by milk. Many consider cow's milk to be a good companion for first foods, which eventually turns into problems with the digestion of children. Rejection of this fluid usually manifests itself in the first years of life. The reason for the negative reaction of the body are protein components (for example, albumin), which are found in large quantities in milk. A good alternative is fermented milk products, which are much less likely to cause food allergies and are in the low-risk group.

In second place in terms of the frequency of negative reactions is fish - for almost everyone who has ever encountered an allergy, it is included in the list of significant allergens. The children's body may not tolerate both individual varieties and seafood in general. A feature of the "fish" allergy is that it often does not go away and is observed throughout a person's life. The main reason for the intolerance of this product is the specific proteins contained in river and sea products, which, moreover, do not disappear during heat treatment.

In third place are chicken eggs. A negative reaction to food of this kind is most often accompanied by undesirable reactions of the body to poultry meat and broths on it. It is noteworthy that egg white is much more likely to cause allergy symptoms than the yolk. Intolerance to cereals such as rye and wheat is also often observed, and allergies to rice and buckwheat are less common. In recent years, there has been an increase in cases of allergy to soy, which has become too commonly used as a milk substitute.

For children under the age of six months, multiple allergies are most often characteristic, when the body is susceptible not to one, but to several foods. One of the varieties of such a disease is cross-allergy, which consists in the manifestation of symptoms when using the main product and its analogues: for example, milk and sour cream, apple and pear, etc.

Important: At the first sign of an allergy, unadapted (not intended for children) store products should be abandoned: this includes juices, yogurts, instant cereals, etc. The dyes and preservatives contained in them will only add fuel to the "fire" of the disease.

How to identify an allergen?

Determining what exactly a child is allergic to can be very difficult. A significant narrowing of the diet and the exclusion of such highly allergenic foods as milk and meat from it can harm the baby's body, because such food is the main source of protein necessary for growth and development. Therefore, it is advisable to start looking for the allergen as soon as the first symptoms appear.

Begin the process of identifying allergenic foods by keeping a food diary. The principle is simple: all meals are recorded in printed or paper form, indicating the date, time, foods consumed and their quantity. Allergy symptoms are recorded in the same diary. In this case, as mentioned above, the reaction can be both instantaneous and delayed. Comparing data from the two areas most often helps to determine which food causes a negative reaction in the body. It is better to add new products slowly, and do it in the morning, so that you can track the baby's health throughout the day. If there are no adverse reactions within 72 hours, the next product can be added.

If an allergen is identified, it must be immediately removed from the child's diet. Re-introduction of the product can be tried after 3-4 months - as a rule, during this period, enzymes are formed that can withstand allergic effects. If the symptoms recur, then it is better to postpone eating this kind of food for at least a year.

Important: It is better to study the food diary together with an allergist who can more accurately assess the situation and identify allergens that may not be visible to the unprofessional eye.

There is also a medical way to determine the products that cause unwanted reactions - an allergen test. However, this method by itself is unlikely to give the desired results - a blood test will only show possible allergenic factors that cannot provide accurate information without keeping a diary. For older children, it is also possible to use an injection test - this method involves the introduction of a small dose of the alleged allergen subcutaneously. The injection helps to make sure that you are allergic to a certain substance.

Diet for allergies

The main element of the allergy treatment process is diet. Often, manifestations of the disease are found in breastfed infants - this means that the mother's diet needs to be adjusted. The first product to be excluded is usually cow's milk, further actions depend on the presence of allergic reactions after such an adjustment.

In the case when the child is bottle-fed, special attention should be paid to the mother's milk substitutes used. It is possible to use substitutes such as mixtures based on goat's milk or fermented milk products, which allow you to maintain the level of protein necessary for development. If such options are also accompanied by allergies, then soy mixtures should be used. In any case, manipulations with the baby's diet should be carried out only after receiving the recommendations of the pediatrician.

A mother who is breastfeeding a child needs to follow a hypoallergenic diet. It may include the following foods:

• boiled beef;
• soups and broths on vegetables (preferably without red and orange vegetables);
• vegetable oil;
• oat flakes;
• yogurt without additives;
• pickled cheese;
• green fruits and vegetables (cucumber, apple, cabbage, herbs, peas);
• dried fruits;
• yeast-free pita bread or dried wheat bread.

When cooking, it is better to refrain from using salt and other spices. If even with such a diet there are rashes or other negative reactions, you can try to exclude one of the products for several days so that it is possible to determine the allergen.

Tip: Do not delay going to the doctor in the hope of getting rid of the symptoms yourself: perhaps the reaction is the result of another disease, and an untimely examination can only aggravate the situation.

Video - Mom's nutrition and child's allergies

Food for children with allergies

The introduction of the first complementary foods is a difficult task for any mother. In the presence of allergies, there are even more questions, and parents are lost in the process: where to start, in what quantity and how to choose complementary foods. The general principle is this: children who have allergies switch to artificial feeding later than their peers. Allergy most often indicates an underdevelopment of the digestive tract, and too early complementary foods in this case can adversely affect the growth and proper development of the child.

For all children, the first product that can be introduced is mashed vegetables. In a normal situation, such complementary foods can be introduced at 6 months, for allergy sufferers it is better to postpone the process for 2-3 months. In any case, this is a very individual question, and only a personal pediatrician can tell a more accurate date. How to choose vegetables for puree? The ideal choice would be those products that are natural for the region where the child lives. In Russia, it can be cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini. But with the introduction of tomatoes it is better not to rush - in general, all vegetables that have a bright color can provoke undesirable reactions of the child's body. When introducing any complementary foods, it is important to follow the principle of consistency: at least 10 days should elapse between trying new products. They begin to introduce the product literally drop by drop, gradually increasing portions to several tablespoons.

The next type of complementary foods is cereals. You need to start introducing them at least a month later than vegetable purees, so that the baby's body has time to adapt to new products. Porridges are prepared without adding milk and salt, but you can put a teaspoon of butter. If parents prefer dry cereals, be sure to make sure that there are no dairy products and gluten in the composition.

After testing vegetables and cereals, you can begin to introduce meat puree. To do this, it is better to opt for horse meat or rabbit, and low-fat pork and turkey also rarely cause allergies. Beef is next in safety, but allergy sufferers should offer chicken meat last. The basic principles for introducing such complementary foods are the same as those outlined above. Most often, meat puree is added to vegetable puree, starting with the smallest doses.

Upon reaching the age of one year, fruits can be added to the child's diet. Preference is given to products that have a green color, better - growing in the region where the baby lives. Gradually, the menu can be enriched with bananas, plums, apricots - the main thing is not to forget to follow all the reactions of the young organism. Products that in the table above were classified as a highly allergenic group can be introduced into the diet of a child only after 1.5-2 years and with great care.

Important: When choosing complementary foods, pay special attention to naturalness, expiration date, absence of nitrates and harmful impurities - this will avoid aggravating allergic manifestations.

Video - Nutrition for Allergic Children (Part 1)

Video - Nutrition for Allergic Children (Part 2)

How to reduce food allergenicity?

Helpful cooking tips for kids with allergies:

Probably, it makes no sense to mention that the most useful cooking abilities are boiling (especially steaming), stewing and baking. By the way, it is important to know that even with heat treatment, fruits do not lose their allergic properties, which is why their use begins so late.

Menu for older children

Children over the age of 3 usually eat a much wider range of foods. Therefore, the conditions of the diet for them are more stringent, in particular:

1. If an allergic deviation is suspected, all products classified as a high risk group are removed from the child's usual menu. It is for children aged 3-4 years that the diary and medical allergy tests that have already been described are best suited.
2. After identifying allergens, an individual menu is drawn up (be sure to consult with a pediatrician). Foods that cause negative reactions of the body are completely excluded from the diet. A hypoallergenic diet is observed for 1-3 months - usually during this period, the external traces of the disease completely disappear.
3. When there are no external signs of the disease, the gradual introduction of allergic products can be started. The principle is very similar to the introduction of the first complementary foods: the allergen is introduced in very small doses with a gradual increase in the amount to the standard; at least 10 days should elapse between the introduction of different products. With the repetition of allergic reactions, it makes sense to postpone the expansion of the menu for several months.

In conclusion, I would like to say the following: today allergy is a disease that is inherent in most children around the world. It is curable and certainly not a sentence - therefore, young parents should avoid panic, which can prevent an adequate assessment of the situation and timely access to specialists. If you follow special hypoallergenic diets and carefully monitor the health and behavior of the child, you can get rid of allergies quite quickly and painlessly.

Dyshidrosis in children

Regardless of the degree of manifestation of an allergy in a child, it can provoke serious health problems. If you do not solve the problem of hypersensitivity to certain products, then the allergy will become chronic. A hypoallergenic diet for children is prescribed when symptoms of food allergies appear or when other types of allergies are aggravated, for example, to animals, dust, etc.

Children of all ages face the problem of food allergies: from a few months to 17 years. A similar situation is associated with the peculiarities of modern food products sold in stores and markets. Almost all of them contain a large amount of GMOs, harmful additives and preservatives. They provoke an allergy in a child.

The menu of the diet below includes safe foods that do not cause a negative reaction in the body.

1. A diet for children from 1 to 5 years is recommended to be used under the supervision of a nutritionist. The doctor will identify the allergen, decide whether it is necessary to exclude it from the diet forever or for several months, determine the duration of the diet. If an allergy manifests itself in a baby a few months old, and he is breastfed, the mother should follow a similar diet.
2. After treatment, it is permissible to return some of the products to the child's diet again, but only in a minimal amount. Often there is a need to completely exclude allergenic products, since they provoke an allergic reaction on their own, and in combination with other types.
3. A child's body fights allergies better than an adult. The child will not have to diet for years. It is enough to observe it for about 10 days, but the terms depend on the specific case and can vary. You will definitely need to consult with your doctor.

List of contraindicated products

There are many allergens among food products, they are poorly absorbed by the baby's body, and during an exacerbation of an allergic reaction, they generally become very dangerous. Among them are:

• orange or red fruits and vegetables;
• citruses;
• sea ​​fish;
• chicken eggs;
• a bird;
• mushrooms;
• nuts;
• cow's milk;
• smoked meats, marinades, preservatives;
• sweets and pastries;
• seasonings;
• dried fruits;
• cocoa, coffee, tea;
• non-natural products: chewing gum, chips, soda and the like.

Among other things, there are products that are used with caution, or even better, exclude them from the children's menu altogether. Fatty meat, corn, buckwheat, potatoes, beans. Herbs in the form of decoctions, currants, bananas, apricots.

Approved Products

Although much of the baby’s diet will have to be excluded, the list of foods allowed for allergies is quite extensive. With them it is quite possible to come up with a varied menu. Suitable for him:

• lean meat;
• offal;
• dairy products;
• oatmeal, barley;
• River fish;
• semolina;
• bread made from corn, buckwheat or cereals;
• green and white vegetables and fruits;
• any kind of oil;
• mineral non-carbonated water, weak tea, rosehip tincture.

Menu for babies 9-12 months

Toddlers from 9 months to 1 year old suffering from allergies are recommended to feed as follows:

First feeding at 6-7 am:

• About 200 milliliters of hypoallergenic formula or mother's milk.

Second feeding at 9-11 am:

• Approximately 200 milliliters of porridge on a decoction of vegetables or breast milk;
• 60 grams of fruit puree.

Third feeding at 13-15 pm:

• 150 grams of vegetables, mashed with 6 grams of olive oil;
• 150 ml of hypoallergenic mixture or mother's milk.

Fourth feeding at 17-18 pm:

• 200 ml mother's milk or hypoallergenic mixture.

Fifth feeding at 20-22 pm:

• Also 200 ml of mother's milk or formula.

Menu for children from 1 year old

Here is one of the options for a hypoallergenic menu from 1 year to 2-3 years. It is permissible to swap dishes at your discretion and depending on the availability of food in the refrigerator.

Monday:

Oatmeal for breakfast, meat soup with cabbage and herbs for lunch, a banana for an afternoon snack, veal with stewed vegetables for the evening.

In the morning, porridge made from pumpkin or corn, for lunch, borscht without meat and a baked rabbit, for afternoon tea with bread, for the evening, pork stewed with vegetables.

For breakfast, rice porridge with prunes, for lunch, a repeat of Monday - meat soup, fresh cabbage salad, tea with crackers for an afternoon snack, cottage cheese for the evening.

In the morning, millet porridge, for lunch, similarly to the second day - borscht without meat and buckwheat porridge, apples for afternoon tea, beef or pork cutlets and cabbage salad for dinner.

Buckwheat porridge in the morning, rabbit with stewed potatoes for lunch, baked apples for afternoon tea, boiled or baked fish and cabbage salad for dinner.

Rice porridge in the morning, vegetable stew and boiled veal for lunch, cottage cheese casserole with tea for an afternoon snack, stewed rabbit and cabbage salad for the evening.

Sunday:

Breakfast - rice porridge, boiled potatoes and vegetable salad for lunch, cottage cheese for afternoon tea, stewed rabbit and beetroot salad for dinner.

Summing up

Allergy is a serious problem, and more and more children of different ages are facing it lately. Sometimes a child's body does not tolerate certain foods, resulting in diathesis. And if you do not pay attention to allergies, then a more dangerous immunoallergic reaction may occur. The reasons for the development of such a reaction in children have not been determined; here heredity, ecology, the structure of the digestive system, and so on can affect.

If the mother has an allergy (not necessarily to food), then the child is at risk. It is impossible to determine in advance what the body's reaction to a new product will be, so a hypoallergenic diet is important. Proper nutrition will eliminate the risk of contact with potentially harmful foods.

• A hypoallergenic diet involves steaming dishes, they can also be boiled or baked, and fried foods should not be in the diet.
• Cereals must first be soaked for 1.5-2 hours.
• When cooking meat, I always drain the first broth.
• New products are introduced with caution, in small portions. If there is no allergic reaction, then after a couple of days the portion can be increased. You can not introduce several new products into the child’s diet at once, since then it will be more difficult to identify the allergen. In addition, it is the combination of certain products that can provoke a reaction. In addition, you need to know that sometimes allergies do not occur after the first intake of a new product, but later, when specific antibodies appear in the body.

Allergies in the modern world are quite common in babies. To understand the reason why even the smallest children suffer from this disease, no one has yet succeeded. There are a number of factors that can cause this ailment: poor ecology, high toxicity of the materials from which toys and clothes are made, poor-quality food, drinking water, etc. As sad as it sounds, but if your little one has a menu for this illness of the child, it is always accompanied by a diet, from which all food that can cause this ailment is excluded.

Hypoallergenic diet - a list of prohibited foods for children

If doctors or parents managed to determine what their crumbs are allergic to, then this alleviates the problem, because removing one or a couple of foods from the diet is much easier than a whole list. But for those who do not know this, first of all, it is worth excluding the following products:

• red fish and caviar, seafood;
• products containing soy and gluten;
• whole cow's milk and eggs;
• exotic fruits: pineapples, kiwi, pomegranates, bananas, as well as red apples, peaches, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, grapes;
• red vegetables: peppers, tomatoes, etc.
• honey, chocolate, cocoa, nuts.

For children up to a year, it primarily involves adjusting the mother's menu if the baby is breastfed, and excluding the above products from the diet. In addition, food that does not cause allergies is introduced as complementary foods: cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice), meat purees (rabbit, turkey), vegetable purees (zucchini, various types of cabbage, cucumber, etc.), fruit juices, purees and compotes.

Hypoallergenic diet for children from 1 to 2 years old - menu

The nutrition of a baby of this age is steamed, baked or boiled dishes. As a rule, vegetables are ground in a blender to a puree consistency and served with 1 teaspoon of oil (olive, linseed, sesame). It is preferable to give meat dishes from minced meat (steam cutlets, meatballs, etc.). So, a one-day menu for a toddler of this age, provided that he does not eat breasts or a mixture, will look like this:

Breakfast: cottage cheese with a spoonful of low-fat sour cream and a baked apple (you can grind in a blender to a puree consistency), green tea or dried fruit compote with biscuit cookies.

Dinner: soup with turkey meatballs with potatoes and vegetables. Buckwheat porridge with a steam cutlet. The juice. From bread, only loaves and bread "Darnitsky" are allowed.

Afternoon snack: rice casserole, kefir.

Dinner: pea puree and lazy cabbage rolls. Fruit puree. Juice or green tea.

Late dinner: jelly or kefir. If the child is hungry, then he can be offered biscuit cookies, bread rolls.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child 2-3 years and older

Nutrition for children of this age is based on the same principles as for babies of an earlier age. More details on the menu can be found below:

The menu of a one-year-old allergic child can be almost similar to a regular diet. To do this, allergic products should be replaced with alternative ones that are equal in their usefulness. The menu of a child with allergies should be varied as much as possible so that he does not feel disadvantaged. Read about all this below.

Parents who have children with food allergies, especially if there are several of them, often face difficulties in planning the nutrition of the crumbs. Proteins, vitamins and calcium are found in some of the most common food allergens, but are also essential to a healthy diet.

Fortunately, there are meal replacements that can be included in a child's diet, depending on the allergen to be avoided. A 1-year-old allergic child's menu can be tailored to include alternative nutrient sources for some common food allergies.

If you are allergic to milk, then alternative sources of nutrients can be:

Calcium: greens, salmon, sardines, calcium-fortified drinks.

Pantothenic acid: meat, whole grains, legumes, eggs.

Riboflavin: meat, nutritional yeast.

Vitamin A: fish oil, liver, eggs, carrots, greens.

Vitamin D: sun rays.

If you are allergic to eggs, then alternative sources of nutrients can be:

Biotin: liver, whole grains.

Folate: liver, legumes, fruits, greens.

Selenium: meat, seafood.

If the baby has a reaction to any food, then the diagnosis of a food allergy should be established and food allergens should be clarified. Any aggravating factor, such as fatigue or emotional distress, should be controlled by the parents.

The menu of a child with allergies should exclude all foods that can cause allergy symptoms. This seems to go without saying, but it is very important to completely eliminate the food allergen from the child's diet and, if necessary, from the home environment.

Mom should definitely see what a balanced diet looks like and compare with what a child with allergies can eat.

For the baby, you need to create variety to interest him and give the feeling that he eats a lot of food. One great way to do this is to simply add different colors. It is also important to talk to children about their food allergies. They need to know that there are foods they should avoid and why they should.

Children can feel left out when their diet is limited and they cannot eat all the same foods as those around them. Therefore, you need to try to compensate for the entire lack of products as much as possible.

What to feed a child with food allergies

A child can safely drink tea with string, St. John's wort or nettle shutterstock

Doctors often diagnose exudative diathesis for a very young child. This disease is caused by a metabolic disorder and manifests itself in intolerance to certain foods. With food allergies, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, ear, throat, and nose is sometimes observed. On the body of the baby, spots, a rash appear. It is no coincidence that such children have prolonged runny noses, inflammation of the ears. Vomiting and indigestion often occur. Food allergies are a serious disease, and children with these diseases should be taken seriously as well.

Food allergies can be caused by a variety of foods, but there are some that definitely fit into this category. The first is cow's milk. If a child has an allergy to cow's milk, it can be replaced with soy, and even better - fermented milk products.

Allergies are often caused by chicken eggs. Many children do not tolerate either protein or yolk. Observing the baby will help to find out. In case of an allergy to eggs, buns, cookies, creams and cakes should be excluded from the baby's food.

The leading allergens are fish, semolina, eggs, many berries, citrus fruits (less often lemons), honey, chocolate, jam, walnuts, cocoa.

To stop allergies, allergenic foods should be excluded from the child's diet.
In any case, if an allergy occurs in a baby, it is necessary, together with the attending physician, to draw up an acceptable menu for the child and strictly observe it.

Children who are prone to allergies can add well-chopped eggshells from boiled eggs to their food. A child at the age of 1 year is given daily powdered shells literally on the tip of a knife, from 1 to 2 years the dose is doubled. From 3 years old, it is good to add a drop of lemon juice to the crushed shell.

A sample list of products for a hypoallergenic diet:

• boiled lean meat (beef, rabbit);
• boiled potatoes, soaked in water for 5-6 hours;
• sauerkraut without carrots;
• sauerkraut soup without carrots;
• cereals (barley, barley and oatmeal), boiled in water or vegetable broth;
• pasta;
• unrefined vegetable oil;
• slightly dried black bread;
• black bread croutons;
• cranberry, lingonberry, blueberry fruit drinks on sorbitol;
• tea with the addition of young nettle, succession or St. John's wort;
• dried fruit compote without sugar, with a little honey;
• all apples with green skin;
• gooseberries, pumpkin, zucchini.

Food allergies in children

After the introduction of products, I began to add a drop of olive oil, I also started in the morning, because. all products are introduced in the morning so that an allergic reaction can be tracked throughout the day. if it starts. Doing FOOD DIARY FOR ALLERGICS, I consider it a necessary condition for an adequate introduction of complementary foods and monitoring the reactions of the child.

When summer came, accordingly, all seasonal vegetables, fruits, and berries ripening in the child's place of residence were also introduced, pre-steamed or boiled.

This is an approximate scheme and plan for the introduction of products into the diet of an allergic child, which was successfully completed with us. The standard scheme with the introduction of 12 tsp per day did not work out.

Of the recipes for children with allergies, I will gladly share the most popular ones:

PORRIDGE FOR ALLERGICS

With them, everything is quite simple. I boiled them in water, separately diluted a glass of the hydrolyzate mixture and added “for satiety”, plus 1-2 teaspoons of olive oil. If there is no allergy to CMP (cow's milk protein), then butter from 3-5 grams is possible and necessary. Fruit-berries are added to the porridge, if desired, in the form of mashed potatoes or cut into pieces, sometimes I just sprinkle with a pinch of dextrose or fructose.

From the moment goat milk is introduced, porridges are diluted with it (boiled!) With water in a ratio of 1 to 2. Goat milk from a “familiar goat” in the country, the store did not go. Tried to use rice milk, soy milk. The child refused to eat.

SOUPS FOR CHILDREN WITH ALLERGICS

For an allergy sufferer (and not only), it is important that all soups are cooked in vegetable broth. The meat, pre-soaked during the day, if necessary for soup, is cooked separately in the second water - this means that after boiling, the water is drained, the piece of meat and the pan are washed and poured with clean water and in this water it is already brought to readiness. Then cut or mash separately and add to the soup.

Vegetables are seasonal. If it's winter, then frozen mixes. I don't use any "sprinklers". From seasonings, we used peppercorns and bay leaves, a minimum of salt. I add 1 tablespoon of olive oil to a bowl of soup.

In the summer, all “edible” grass was used: beet leaves, parsley, spinach, dill, nettle, sorrel, etc.

! IMPORTANT note: I use potatoes only from the moment of ripening until December. Later, during storage, it sometimes turns green and solanine appears in it, which can cause poisoning. Potatoes also need to be soaked, periodically changing the water to remove excess starch - it is often difficult for an allergic person to break down the body.

SIDE RECIPES FOR CHILDREN WITH FOOD ALLERGIES

For a side dish for my child, I cook cereals, pasta, legumes (after 3.5 years). I wash the cereals under hot water, I also soak them for several hours. Buckwheat can not be boiled, but steamed with boiling water, covered with a lid - it will cook itself. For those who start eating and chew badly, cereal products can be mashed. With pasta, everything is simple-standard boil. When a quail egg was introduced, I stewed the ready-made pasta in a pan, dousing with a raw egg - my child loves this combination very much.

MEAT RECIPES FOR CHILDREN WITH FOOD ALLERGIES

There are many variations on the theme of cooking meat. The main point is the soaking of meat, cut into pieces, for a day before cooking with 2 changes of water. If cooking, then also on the second water. Cutlets and "hedgehogs" are in the main demand in our country. I make minced meat exclusively myself or they do it in the store with me. It is important for me to understand what exactly my child eats.

Cutlets: I mix lean minced pork with quail eggs, add boiled oatmeal (instead of the usual bread), a little salt. You can add finely chopped greens, broccoli, cauliflower, white cabbage, garlic, etc. depending on what the baby can already eat. You form cutlets of a convenient shape, lay them out on any board and in the freezer. Then you take it out when you need it and cook in a double boiler or in a frying pan in water a la stew-cook.

"Hedgehogs" are all the same, only instead of the above cereals, add rice. Form into balls and freeze.

Thus, you can make blanks and not remember the need to urgently stick cutlets for some time. In our freezer, the temperature is -18 degrees, but, of course, we do not store food for half a year, but a month is quite a normal period.

DESSERTS FOR CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIES

Desserts, it seems to me, are not an obligatory part of a child's diet. But we all, as a rule, want to cook something tasty for him separately. As a dessert, I suggest making jelly from agar-agar and fruit-berries. Fruits are cut into small pieces or mashed with a blender and poured with a solution of agar-agar. This component has such properties that it freezes at room temperature, but you can put it in the refrigerator, after decomposing it into molds that you like. I used silicone molds for ice - portioned sweets are obtained.

You can also use dried fruits as desserts. For older children, they are whole, for small ones, pass through a meat grinder and you will get a puree that looks like a thick and sweet mass. Before use, dry fruits should be thoroughly rinsed with running water and soaked in boiling water, changing the water a couple of times to wash off what they are treated with for storage.

In the summer, I made fruit ice cream for my one-year-old daughter: I mashed 1 apple and 1 pear in the microwave to a state of puree and mixed in half a mashed banana. This mixture was laid out in small plastic cups, inserted a stick into the freezer. A great option for cool sweets for toddlers.

o-detjah.ru

General principles for the formation of a diet for allergies in a child

During the formation of the diet, it is very important to take into account the characteristics of the child's body.

So, it must be remembered that children, to a much greater extent than adults, need protein and fiber. This is due to the extremely high activity of the child (especially at the age of 3-7 years), and the need to "finish" all systems and organs. But it so happened that it is animal protein that most often provokes an inadequate immune response.

The second point is the high prevalence of allergy to cow's milk protein. In addition, there are certain differences between "children's" food allergies and "adult":

• in most children, the immune reaction is combined with a non-immune one (the so-called pseudo-allergy is realized);
• most often polyallergenic sensitization takes place;
• the older the child, the higher the likelihood of developing a cross-allergy.

The last point is connected, first of all, with the expansion of the child's diet.

Taking into account all the above features, we can distinguish the basic principles for the formation of any hypoallergenic diet - both specific and non-specific:

• a diet is necessary for any allergic disease, whether it is food hypersensitivity, hay fever or contact dermatitis;
• with food allergies, it is imperative to accurately determine the trigger allergen;
• it is necessary to exclude animal protein as completely as possible and replace it with vegetable protein;
• the use of fermented milk products is acceptable;
• mandatory exclusion of histamine liberator products;
• it is important to exclude not only causative allergens, but also cross irritants (especially important for hay fever);
• requires strict control of the usefulness and balance of the diet.

Rules to follow

Another point worth focusing on is the rules that must be followed if a child needs a hypoallergenic diet:

1. Working in tandem with an allergist. You can not independently exclude foods from the diet or introduce them, especially in severe allergies;


2. Strict compliance. You can not "follow the lead" of a child asking for an allergenic product. It is important to remember that with true allergies, even a small portion is enough to form a severe allergic reaction;
3. Timely adjustment. There is a possibility of self-healing of some types of allergies with age, as well as the emergence of new ones;
4. Hypoallergenic life. Should go in conjunction with a diet - regular wet cleaning, the absence of mold, dust in the house, if possible, pets, the use of air filters.

Stages of entering a diet for allergies in a child

1. Identification of a trigger factor, selection of a diet. Provocative tests, scarification tests, empirical diet therapy are carried out. The duration of this stage is the higher, the more allergens are direct irritants;
2. Supportive care. The longest stage in diet therapy (its duration varies from 3-5 months to several years. At this stage, all foods that are allergenic to humans are excluded;
3. Diet expansion. The transition criterion is complete clinical and laboratory remission. At this stage, starting from the minimum doses, minimally allergenic products are introduced first, then cross-allergens and, in case of successful introduction, attempts are made to introduce more and more strong allergens.

Non-specific diet

A non-specific diet implies the exclusion of all highly allergenic foods. She is appointed on the very first visit to the allergist with complaints about the presence of hypersensitivity reactions.

Elimination diets of the most "broad spectrum" are used. According to I.V. Borisova, professor of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, all products are divided into three types according to the degree of their allergenic activity. Highlight products:

High Activity:

Medium activity:

Weak activity:

The Union of Pediatricians of Russia offers a similar scheme for distributing products according to their allergenicity:

Dr. E.O. Komarovsky names the six most allergenic foods:

• egg;
• peanut;
• milk protein;
• wheat;
• fish.

Ado hypoallergenic diet for children

HELL. Ado, a Soviet pathophysiologist, immunologist and allergist, studying the trigger mechanisms of allergic reactions, found out that there are products that are practically obligate (mandatory) allergens, and there are those that are relatively safe in terms of allergies.

The Ado diet for allergic children, formed back in 1987, is based on this: the exclusion of “aggressive” food and its replacement with a more gentle one.

The advantages of this diet:

• a specific list of foods that should not be consumed, rather than a lengthy definition of "dangerous food";
• exclusion of all allergens at once, which ensures the rapid elimination of the clinical symptoms of allergies;
• the ability to introduce obligate allergens into the diet in turn, finding out which irritant the reaction develops to.

However, this technique also has disadvantages:

• extreme nonspecificity;
• lack of focus on the individual characteristics of each child.

What is possible with this hypoallergenic diet for a child, and what is not

According to Ado, you can use the following products:

It is necessary to remove from the diet without fail:

Hypoallergenic diet menu for children for 7 days (according to Ado)

Thus, the diet menu for children for a week may look like this:

It is worth noting that this diet is suitable for a child of any age (over 2 years), but is exemplary and requires adjustment in portion sizes.

specific diet

In this section, it is worth considering the types of dietary nutrition for various diseases and symptom complexes, and separately for food allergies to specific groups of irritants. Despite the fact that, in general, dietary tables are similar. Each case has its own characteristics.

Diet for respiratory allergies

With pollinosis, it is most important to exclude cross-allergens. This is necessary in order to avoid the development of oral allergic syndrome. Depending on which plant pollen becomes an irritant, there are lists of cross-allergens.

In bronchial asthma, which often becomes a symptom or outcome of hay fever, the main symptom of which is broncho-obstructive syndrome, it is extremely important to exclude honey from the diet so as not to provoke an episode of bronchial obstruction and, as a result, suffocation, cough, heaviness in the chest.

Diet for skin allergies

It has been proven that when it comes to treating children with allergic dermatitis caused not by food allergies, but by direct contact with the allergen, as well as with eczema, with urticaria provoked by this factor, diet therapy does not play a significant role.

But a hypoallergenic diet for children with atopic dermatitis should be chosen much more carefully and with caution. This is especially important if atopic dermatitis is caused by food allergies.

In this case, the elimination of the trigger factor is actually etiopathogenetic therapy and determines the success of the treatment. But even in the absence of a direct reaction of an allergic person to food, it is necessary to follow a non-specific diet.

Diet for food allergies in children

With food allergies, the exclusion of the trigger allergen itself, as well as all cross-stimuli, is of key importance.

There are several main options for diet tables:

• diet without milk
• diet for hypersensitivity to cereals;
• diet for hypersensitivity to egg protein;
• soy allergy diet
• diet for allergies to yeast and mold.

Dairy free diet

This type of diet can be prescribed for hypersensitivity to cow's milk protein. In the most difficult situation, when the child does not tolerate either milk or dairy products, you should refrain from drinking:

Often traces of milk protein can contain:

• confectionery, sweets;
• creams and sauces;
• waffles;
• biscuit;
• sausage and sausages.

• casein;
• casein hydrolyzate;
• buttermilk;
• sodium caseinate;
• potassium caseinate;
• calcium caseinate;
• lactalbumin;
• lactoglobulin.

It is necessary to compensate for the lack of milk and dairy products with lean meat, poultry, soy, legumes. Mandatory control over the intake of calcium in the body. Age norms:

You can compensate for calcium deficiency with vitamin complexes, as well as fish, legumes, and vegetables. You need to take vitamin D.

Diet for allergies to cereals

From the child's diet should be excluded:

It is important to pay attention to such names on the packaging:

• vegetable protein (including its hydrolysates);
• vegetable starch;
• malt and flavorings based on it;
• monosodium glutamate.

Be careful with emulsifiers, thickeners, flavors, which also often contain cereal proteins.

You can compensate for these products with barley, oats, rye, rice, buckwheat, cornmeal. However, this should be done with caution, keeping in mind the possibility of developing cross-allergies.

Diet for egg allergy

It is necessary to remove from the consumed products everything that contains egg white:

You should beware of such names on the label:

To replace egg white (and this is usually required for baking), you can use flaxseed, soy flour and cottage cheese, gelatin, potato starch. In addition, a large number of recipes are available for the preparation of which eggs are not required.

Soy allergy diet

It is necessary to exclude dishes in which this product is used, incl. some sausages, sausages, minced meat, dough, coffee, chocolate, ice cream, margarine. Do not eat soy sauce.

In case of hypersensitivity to yeast, you should not:

• muffin;
• vinegar;
• sauerkraut;
• dairy products;
• fruit juices;
• kvass;
• alcoholic drinks, especially beer (especially true for teenagers!).

Diet for other diseases

With hemorrhagic vasculitis, which has another name - allergic purpura - diet therapy is very important. On the one hand, food allergy is often the cause of autoimmune aseptic inflammation. On the other hand, one of the main elements of the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis is the appointment of hormonal drugs.

However, this disease is not treated on an outpatient basis, all children are necessarily placed in a hospital, so it is easier to follow a diet. Should be excluded:

• causative allergens (if any);
• products that have ever caused adverse reactions, including allergies or food intolerances;
• obligate allergens.

With Quincke's edema, the diet should also be selected in accordance with the allergic history. If this condition was caused by an insect bite or the administration of a drug, a non-specific diet is sufficient. In the case when the edema was provoked by a food allergen, its exclusion is absolutely necessary.

Hypoallergenic diet for children of all ages

The data above is pretty generic. However, it is impossible to deny that the nutrition of a child at the age of 8 months and 16 years is categorically different things. That is why it is important to highlight the features of a hypoallergenic diet for children of different ages.

Nutrition for children up to a year

For infants, the main allergen is cow's milk protein. That is why products based on it are introduced into complementary foods late, not earlier than the 8th month of life. As for the main type of nutrition, this issue is relevant for those children who are on artificial or mixed feeding.

A mixture of cow's milk is contraindicated for them, hypoallergenic products are needed, for example:

• Nutrilon Pepti;
• Nutrilak Peptidi;
• Tutteli-Peptidi;
• Nutramigen;
• Pregestimil;
• Frisopep AS.

For children with other types of allergies, hypoallergenic mixtures should also be prescribed, however, it is acceptable to use food based on moderately or partially hydrolyzed casein:

• Nutrilak GA;
• Nutrilon GA;
• Humana GA;
• GA theme
• and etc.

In the event that the child is breastfed, it is necessary to adjust the nutrition of the nursing mother. She may be given a dairy-free or gluten-free diet, or a non-specific hypoallergenic diet may be recommended.

Nutrition for children from one to three years

During this period, diet therapy is especially important.

Hypoallergenic diet for children 1 year old:

1. necessarily implies the exclusion of milk.
2. Dairy products are allowed if they are well tolerated.
3. It is impossible to give the child products from the group of highly allergenic, the transition to a common table is unacceptable, the food should be lightly salted, without spices, preferably without chemical additives.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child 2 years old:

• allows the introduction of chicken and quail eggs with good tolerance, but does not allow the transition to a common table.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child of 3 years:

• already makes it possible to transfer the child to an "adult" diet, fish and nuts are allowed.
• However, even with a favorable course of the disease, it is not recommended to give the child chocolate, cocoa, tropical fruits, strawberries and wild strawberries, mushrooms, citrus fruits, tomatoes, seasonings.

Diet No. 5 GA for children 1-3 years old - menu

Sample menu for a day of a hypoallergenic diet for young children.

Diet for allergies in children older than three years, adolescents

By and large, a hypoallergenic menu for a week for a child of three and twelve years old differs only in the amount of servings. However, it is much easier to control small children than older ones: pocket money appears, time spent outside the attention of parents.

In older adolescence, prohibitions on:

• alcoholic drinks;
• fast food;
• products with a large number of dyes, flavors, flavorings.

Thus, the formation of a hypoallergenic diet is a very responsible process, in which it is important to take into account many factors, such as the type of allergy, the age of the child, and the trigger factor. Therefore, it is better to entrust the preparation of the diet to a specialist.

We must not forget that the observance of a hypoallergenic diet for children is one of the most important, and sometimes the main, element of the treatment of an allergic disease.

Allergy-center.ru

At an early age, one of the health problems in children is food allergies, which can occur from a very early age. If up to a year the nutrition of children is more or less clear, they need breastfeeding and a smooth and accurate introduction of complementary foods, or nutrition with special hypoallergenic mixtures for allergy sufferers, then after a year, when it is necessary to expand the child's diet, there are difficulties in nutrition.

On the one hand, I want to diversify the child’s menu and introduce a variety of foods into the diet, bringing food as close as possible to the common family table, on the other hand, I absolutely don’t want to get severe allergic reactions to foods, which will make food very limited and very scarce, difficult to choose products and cooking process. For the prevention of allergies in high-risk children (who have allergies in the family or who had allergies in early childhood), as well as for the treatment of those children who in one way or another periodically manifest allergic reactions to products, it is necessary to develop a complete composition, but at the same time a hypoallergenic diet.

Of course, each child will have his own diet, and it will depend on the age and characteristics of the reaction to certain food groups, but in general, the general principles of dietary nutrition for allergy sufferers are reflected in a non-specific hypoallergenic diet - it is called table number 5 GA (hypoallergenic ). Naturally, for allergy sufferers, keeping a food diary does not lose its relevance at all, which is recommended to start in the first year of life. It reflects all the new products that the child tries and the baby's reactions to their introduction, the type of reaction, the severity of the reactions and the time of occurrence.

The basis of a hypoallergenic diet.
The diet is based on all the principles of a healthy and nutritious diet; when developing this diet, all the physiological needs of children for basic nutrients, vitamins and minerals, as well as the energy needs of a growing body, taking into account the physical activity and age of the patient, are taken into account. The ideal option is to develop such a diet together with a pediatrician, allergist or nutritionist, but you can take a standard diet as a basis and create your own full-fledged menu for your child.

The development of this diet has become a necessity due to the high incidence of digestive problems and the development of food allergies in children after they reach the age of one and adolescents. In addition, a pattern was noted in the development of allergies in those children who initially had problems with the digestive system. Therefore, the classic diet No. 5 (which is intended for children with diseases of the liver or biliary system) was taken as the basis of the hypoallergenic diet. The hypoallergenic diet No. 5 provides for gentle culinary processing of food, all dishes in it are steamed, or boiled and baked. At the same time, the food temperature range is from 20 to 60 degrees.

All products with increased allergenic activity and sensitizing potential, which may contain food colorings or emulsifiers and preservatives, are excluded, in addition, dishes that have properties that do not specifically irritate the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are excluded. The basis of the diet are:
- the whole variety of cereals, with the exception of semolina as the most unhealthy and potentially allergenic,
- a variety of fermented milk products, but without flavors and fruit additives, sugar,
- mild hard cheeses,
- low-fat meats - beef, rabbit, pork without fat, horse meat or turkey,
- specialized canned meat, designed specifically for children,
- various vegetables of a soft color - cabbage of any variety, zucchini and squash, light varieties of pumpkin, young greens, green peas, green beans,
- from fruits and berries, the basis of the diet is made up of white and green apples, pears, light varieties of plums and cherries, red and white currants, gooseberries. Juices from these fruits and berries, natural or boxed for baby food, are also acceptable, but juices must be strictly diluted with boiled water by at least a third or half.
- tea without fruit additives and flavors is allowed,
- use vegetable oils, melted butter,
- fructose can be used for sweetening, but very carefully, but ordinary sugar, if possible, should be excluded,
- Inedible breads, cereals, corn and rice sticks without sugar, cereals from the same cereals, drying without additives will be useful.

Now about those products that should be excluded.
All foods that are excluded from a hypoallergenic diet have certain properties that make them potentially dangerous. So, for example, there is a group of products that most often cause true allergies in children, these include whole cow's milk, chicken (especially the skin), fish, especially sea, soy products, various seafood (shellfish, squid, shrimp) . True allergens also include tomato and nuts (especially peanuts and especially with skins), eggs, spinach, cocoa, bananas, grapes and strawberries.

There is a group of products that are not complete allergens, but in the body of babies and people with hypersensitivity to allergic reactions, they can provoke special reactions - the release of mast cells (which are responsible for the development of all symptoms) of a special substance - histamine. They give these cells a signal to contract and release a lot of histamine - histamine gives vascular reactions, swelling, redness and severe itching. These products include spices, especially exotic ones, pineapples, chicken meat, chocolates and all the above products.

Many of the products can contain both histamine itself and some other substances dangerous for allergy sufferers - they are called biogenic amines. They usually give a specific taste and aroma to products, but they have such an unpleasant side effect. In addition to the products listed above, these include sauerkraut, peppers, spicy cheeses, especially with mold or spices, and rhubarb.

There is a group of products that have special properties, they help allergenic substances to be more actively absorbed and exert their effect in the body. These are the so-called extractive substances that excite the digestive system, irritate the walls of the stomach and intestines, increasing their permeability to allergens. These foods include organ meats (especially liver and kidneys), asparagus and spinach, mature peas, Brussels sprouts, beans and lentils, cocoa, strong tea and coffee. These foods in the diet of allergy sufferers should be strictly limited.

For allergy sufferers, products are also relevant. Which have an irritating effect on the digestive system, they can cause increased allergic reactions and unpleasant symptoms from the digestive tract. This includes spices, horseradish and mustard, radish and radish, sorrel and garlic, products with artificial additives and all kinds of chemicals, the same drinks.

Dyes from brightly colored fruits and vegetables can become dangerous for allergy sufferers - these are products such as carrots, beets, raspberries, apricots, blackberries, peaches, pomegranates, red and black grapes (white varieties are less allergenic), kiwi, sea buckthorn and pineapples. These fruits should be introduced only in small pieces and only under the strict control of the food diary.

How to expand the diet?
Of course, after reading all of the above, you can be very upset and think about what to feed the child, because half of the usual foods and dishes are simply not for him. But not everything is as bad as it seems at first glance. Such strictness in the diet is necessary during periods of exacerbations and with severe allergic reactions. With a predisposition to allergies or good tolerance to foods from the diet, you can gradually expand the diet, the main thing is not to rush and not try to joyfully shove all the goodies into the child at once. Remember the food diary, he is our main assistant in expanding the diet. If the baby tolerates the diet well, you can gradually add to the diet:
- semolina porridge, durum wheat pasta,
- milk and sour cream in dishes, cottage cheese, yoghurts with soft fruit additives,
- butter and white bread of the highest grade,
- chicken (strictly without skin) and lamb,
- pre-soaked vegetables - carrots and turnips, garlic and onions, lettuce and cucumbers,
- you can expand the fruit range - add plums and cherries, blackcurrants, bananas, lingonberries, rosehip broth, cranberry or blueberry fruit drinks.
Just don’t give several new products at once at once, if a reaction occurs, it will be difficult to track which specific product it happened to and you will have to return to a strict hypoallergenic diet again. Start the introduction of a new product with a small dose - a couple of pieces or berries, weighing about 10-20 grams will be enough to determine whether there is a reaction or not. We monitor the child's condition for at least a day - there may be early ones - in the very first hours and minutes, and late reactions - after 12-24 hours.

Tomorrow we will continue to discuss the nuances of hypoallergenic diets for children over a year old.

Nutrition for food allergies in children after a year, some nuances: http://www.stranamam.ru/article/5603144/

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Breastfeeding an Allergic Baby: Mom's Diet

In the first 6 months of a baby's life, it is necessary to feed only breast milk. With proper nutrition of the mother, the baby receives all the necessary “materials” for the development of his body, including the immune system. If most of the mother's diet is whole milk or other highly allergenic foods, then the baby may experience an allergic reaction to breast milk itself.

To avoid this, a nursing mother must follow a hypoallergenic diet. If your baby has an allergic reaction to breast milk, you should see a nutritionist who can help you make the right special diet. Of course, a nursing mother will have to reduce her intake of sugar and salt, as well as exclude from the diet:

Features of nutrition and rules for feeding children with allergies 6-12 months

If, after introducing artificial mixtures into the baby’s diet, he has an allergic reaction to them, the child should be transferred to special dairy-free mixtures. They are divided into therapeutic, treatment-and-prophylactic and prophylactic.

The selection of such baby food is carried out based on the symptoms, the diagnosis of food allergies, the age of the baby. The most popular are soy-based mixtures, hypoallergenic with hydrolyzed milk protein and lactose, medicinal.

breastfeeding rules

In babies up to a year old with an unformed gastrointestinal tract system, any product can provoke an allergic reaction, so complementary foods are introduced to allergic children taking into account a number of recommendations.

How to organize hypoallergenic food for children after a year

Children from one year and older should not eat salty, spicy, fried foods, smoked meats, spices, gastronomic products, fish, mushrooms, pickled foods, seafood, meat broths, eggs, tomatoes, carrots, strawberries and caviar. In general, the system of nutrition recommendations is maintained in accordance with the table above.

However, it also happens that a child does not consume any highly allergenic foods, and an allergic reaction still occurs in the body. In this case, to identify foods that cause food allergies in a particular child, doctors recommend keeping a food diary. It records all the food consumed per day with an indication of its quantity, and also records the types of allergic reactions that occur during the day in a child. Then the analysis is done and the product that causes allergies is detected.

baragozik.ru

Causes and symptoms of food allergies

The causes of allergies can be different:

• heredity of parents;
• diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy;
• fetal hypoxia;
• wrong food.

The initial diagnosis can be made by the onset of symptoms. Usually the body reacts within 2 hours, but sometimes the effects appear within a few days.

The main symptoms are:

• various skin rashes;
• stool disorder;
• colic;
• increased gas formation;
• congestion of the respiratory tract;
• cough;
• nausea, vomiting;
• swelling.

Regardless of the cause of the allergic reaction, all mothers have the same question: what should I feed an allergic child with? Is it possible to make his menu safe, varied and tasty? Of course you can! There are many recipes that allow you to pamper your beloved child with mouth-watering and healthy menus every day. But it’s not enough just to “google” the recipe and calm down, deciding: “well, now I’ll definitely feed you.”

Allergen products

Products that can serve as irritants are divided into 3 groups.

Group 1 - highly allergenic foods

• eggs;
• fish;
• broths on meat;
• seafood;
• caviar;
• cereals (wheat and rye);
• berries with a bright color (strawberries and wild strawberries);
• vegetables with a bright color (peppers, carrots and tomatoes);
• citrus;
• exotic fruits (pineapple, kiwi, melon, persimmon, pomegranate);
• cocoa;
• nuts;
• mushrooms;
• chocolate;
• coffee.

Group 2 - medium allergenic products

• whole milk;
• milk products;
• chicken's meat;
• beef;
• oats;
• buckwheat;
• legumes (soybeans, peas, beans);
• root crops (beets and potatoes);
• sugar;
• fruits with a soft color (bananas, apricots, peaches);
• berries with a soft color (rose hips, lingonberries, cranberries, black currants).

Group 3 low allergenic foods

• dairy products;
• rabbit meat;
• turkey;
• horsemeat;
• lean pork;
• lean lamb;
• cauliflower and white cabbage;
• broccoli;
• zucchini;
• squash;
• cucumbers;
• corn;
• millet;
• pearl barley;
• green varieties of pears and apples;
• garden greens;
• red and white currant.

Popular allergens

Consider separately the most popular allergenic products.

Milk

Allergy to casein in a child is very common. And this applies not only to cow's milk, but also to goat's. Most often, it is faced by children on artificial nutrition. Often, breastfed babies are susceptible to it if the mother eats too much dairy products during the lactation period.

Quite often, a child with a food allergy to milk can safely eat sour milk. In the manufacture of fermented milk products, hydrolysis occurs, and casein is partially broken down into simpler amino acids. However, it is worth being careful.

Gluten

Some grains contain the plant protein gluten, which is number two on our list of popular allergens. These include rye and wheat from the first group of products.

Accordingly, an allergy to wheat automatically excludes the use of flour products, pastries, pasta dishes and some cereals. An alternative to wheat bread is usually baked goods made from oatmeal and cornmeal.

Egg white

It is protein that is the cause of the high allergenicity of chicken eggs. The eggs of other birds are also at risk, but to a lesser extent.

It is better to start acquaintance of a small allergic person with eggs with quail eggs - they are less dangerous.

Seafood

Sea, river fish, any seafood (including caviar) are also strong irritants of food allergies.

It is fish allergy that has the highest percentage of “survival” and often remains with a person for life.

Nutritional supplements

All kinds of dyes, preservatives, flavors and flavors. They are found in most products. Speaking of children, you should pay special attention to yogurts, juices, carbonated drinks, sauces, instant cereals.

Food additives are notoriously harmful, and it is easier to eliminate them from a child's diet than the natural products listed above. It will be useful if you limit nutritional supplements in your diet.

Cross allergy

Separately, it is worth highlighting the concept of "cross allergy". An important nuance when compiling a menu for an allergic child, which should not be overlooked. Products with a similar protein structure can cause allergies, although they are not allergens themselves.

So, with an allergy to cow's milk protein, an aggressive reaction can occur to beef. Allergy to wheat causes intolerance to all cereals. An allergy to milk can also cause intolerance to cottage cheese, sour cream, cream and butter.

food diary

Food allergies are primarily treated with diet therapy. For its competent management and control, you need to keep a food diary in which you will record the date, time and amount of a new product entered in the menu. As well as the presence or absence of an allergic reaction to it (what, what time). The diary will help not to lose sight of anything, to pay attention to the little things, not to forget or lose valuable information.

Menu in 1 year of life

The diet differs not only depending on the allergen. Age matters a lot. Babies on mother's milk are the most protected. But a nursing mother needs to be careful and follow a diet. After all, everything that she eats enters the baby's stomach with milk. A new product should be tried in the morning and little by little to see if a reaction occurs. If there is no reaction, then you can include a new product in the diet.

Another thing is if, for some reason, the feeding of the crumbs is based on an artificial mixture. It's not an easy task to find the mixture that best suits you. Study the composition of porridge and customer reviews. But, most importantly, how the baby reacts. If signs of allergy appear, change immediately.

• The first complementary foods for allergic babies are introduced a little later than for healthy children. Recommended age for first feeding is 7 months. Try mashed vegetables first. Puree should be from one vegetable: broccoli, zucchini, cauliflower. Puree can be homemade (especially good if you use your own vegetables from the garden), or special canned children. Start with one or two spoons. It is advisable to do this also in the morning to track the food reaction. Don't forget to mark the new food in your food diary. If there is no reaction, then gradually increase the dose, bringing to a full serving.
• The second complementary food in the menu of an allergic child is introduced at 8 months. Add dairy-free cereals if you are allergic to milk, or gluten-free cereals if you are allergic to wheat. They are made on water or on a special mixture. When cooking porridge at home, add a small amount of vegetable oil. When choosing ready-made porridge, pay attention to the composition and content of vitamins and minerals.
• After 8-9 months, canned meat is introduced into the diet. You can also make them yourself or buy ready-made ones. As a rule, they start with rabbit meat, as the least allergenic type of meat. Proceed in the same proven way: adding the supplement slowly, little by little and under close supervision.
• Fruit purees should be tried not earlier than at 10 months. It is better to give preference to green apple or pear puree. In general, try to choose fruits that have a soft color. If the apple and pear are well absorbed without consequences, at 10 months you can try banana and plum puree. Still try to give new meals in the morning and in small amounts.
• Nutrition for a baby up to a year is based on complementary foods that have already been introduced. A new product in the allergy sufferer's menu can be introduced at 1 year. You should refrain from fish products and chicken eggs until the age of one. The menu for a one-year-old allergic child can be expanded by the introduction of fermented milk products. Start with kefir, then you can try cottage cheese and other sour milk. Try milk porridge, acceptable for an allergic person at 1 year old.

Diet for children from 1 to 3 years

• After a year, we eat only what did not give any aggressive reactions. Proven fruits and vegetables, gluten-free cereals, non-allergenic meat dishes, dairy products with which we managed to make friends with the body.
• Allergists call the age of 2-3 years a turning point. It is at this age, adhering to competent diet therapy, that it is possible to get rid of most food reactions. Therefore, it remains only to try and hold on.
• Having crossed the border of 3 years of age, carefully introduce into the diet of an allergic person foods that previously caused a negative immune response. Comparing the results with a food diary, first choose foods from groups 2 and 3. To be on the safe side, try thermally processed food options, they are less aggressive. For example, not a fresh red apple, but a baked one. Track the reaction and do not forget to consult with an allergist. Food allergies are not a death sentence. The result will definitely pay off your efforts.

Menu Options

Below are a few examples of dishes for children with allergies, from which it is quite possible to make a menu for a week.

Breakfasts

• crumbly buckwheat porridge with sugar;
• oatmeal porridge with sweet apple;
• rice porridge with soy milk;
• corn porridge with prunes;
• salad of cottage cheese, cucumbers and herbs;
• baked sweet apple.

First courses (on vegetable broths)

• vegetable soup;
• zucchini soup;
• potato soup;
• soup with meatballs;
• lentil soup;
• vegetarian borscht.

Meat dishes

• turkey meatballs with zucchini;
• beef patties;
• lean pork meatballs with cabbage and rice;
• steam cutlets;
• minced gravy;
• meat with vegetables in the oven.

side dishes

• unsweetened cereals;
• salads from allowed vegetables (dressing - oil);
• vegetable and cereal casseroles;
• boiled or stewed potatoes;
• vegetable stew.

desserts

• sweet casseroles;
• fresh and baked fruits;
• oatmeal cookies;
• chickpea fritters;
• oatmeal muffins;
• oatmeal cookies.

The drinks

• green tea;
• weak black tea;
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