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Among the pathologies of digestion, gastroenterologists distinguish bile stasis, which is a syndrome indicating malfunctions in the hepatobiliary system: the bile-producing liver, the gallbladder (the bile depot, where it becomes more concentrated) or the biliary transport network (intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts).

Why is bile stasis dangerous?

This pathology is being diagnosed more and more often, so you should know how dangerous bile stasis is for the body. After eating, the fats contained in it begin to emulsify, but in order for lipids to be digested and lipophilic vitamins to be fully absorbed, in addition to gastric juice and pancreatic enzymes, bile acids and their salts are the main components of bile. From the gallbladder, they enter the duodenum, where the process of emulsification and colloidal hydrolysis of fats continues.

If bile stagnates (that is, it does not enter the intestinal section of the digestive tract), the activity of the intestinal lipase enzyme decreases, and fats are not completely broken down and enter the blood in a significant amount, making it difficult for the transformation of glucose into glycogen (which is fraught with the development of diabetes mellitus). Bile stasis is dangerous by reducing the excretion of excess cholesterol, which is present in the bile itself: it causes hypercholesterolemia (high blood cholesterol) and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis.

Stagnation of bile in the gallbladder often leads to its inflammation (secondary cholecystitis) or cholelithiasis (cholelithiasis). It is in the presence of stones in the gallbladder that most often develops acute and chronic cholecystitis with bile stasis.

You can simultaneously diagnose gastritis and bile stasis when the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach is exposed to bile acids that get there "reverse" from the duodenum - with chronic duodenogastric reflux (due to weakness of the cardiac sphincter of the esophagus).

The so-called sclerosing cholangitis - inflammation, fibrosis and strictures of the bile ducts - can lead to stagnation of bile in the ducts.

In violation of the circulation of bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract, the absorption of fats (fatty malabsorption) and fat-soluble vitamins decreases: retinol (vitamin A), ergocalciferol (vitamin D), tocopherol (vitamin E), phylloquinones (group K vitamins). The most well-known consequences and complications of vitamin A deficiency are deterioration of twilight vision, and vitamin D deficiency is osteomalacia (when a decrease in bone mineralization leads to their softening). At the same time, a simultaneous deficiency of vitamins A and D interferes with the absorption of calcium, which makes the bone tissue even less dense, that is, osteoporosis develops. A lack of vitamin K threatens to reduce blood clotting and the occurrence of hemorrhagic diathesis and bleeding.

A very real threat posed by chronic bile stasis is an increase in intestinal acidity, because bile - due to the presence of calcium cations in it - reduces the acidity of the contents of the stomach soaked in gastric juice, which passes into the intestinal stage of digestion. With stagnation of bile (cholestasis), an acid-base imbalance of the gastrointestinal tract is noted, and the result of acidification is ascites (dropsy) and poor bowel function due to the multiplication of pathogenic microbes.

When there is prolonged stagnation of bile in the liver, an increase in the level of chenodeoxycholic bile acid produced in the liver can lead to the death of hepatocytes and focal necrosis of the parenchyma. This is a very serious complication, since the liver is responsible for very important functions.

If there is stagnation of bile in the intestine, the toxicity of conjugated metabolic products and exogenous toxins (including those of bacterial origin) increases. Also, the consequences and complications relate to the synthesis of hormones, which is significantly reduced, since lipids are necessary for their production.

ICD-10 code

P59.1 Bile thickening syndrome

Epidemiology

According to studies, up to 70% of cases occur in extrahepatic bile stasis. Among women, this syndrome is more common - especially during pregnancy. Due to the immaturity of the liver enzyme system, newborns and children of the first two or three years of life are more prone to bile stasis.

According to experts, stagnation of bile in the liver occurs if there is liver cyst, malignant neoplasms or metastases.

Causes of bile stasis in the gallbladder and bile ducts include:

stones in the gallbladder;
tumors of the gallbladder or bile ducts;
inflammation in the neck of the gallbladder;
cystic formations of the common bile duct or its compression by a cyst localized in the pancreas;
compression and narrowing of the initial section of the common hepatic duct (Mirizzi syndrome);
violation of the functions of the valve system of the biliary tract (sphincters of Oddi, Lutkens, Mirizzi, Geister);
failures of the endocrine and paracrine mechanisms of the gastroduodenal stage of digestion associated with an imbalance of secretin, cholecystokinin, neurotensin and other intestinal hormones.

Risk factors

Physical inactivity and stagnation of bile are closely related: the less a person moves, the slower the metabolic processes in his body proceed and the higher his risk of developing biliary duct dyskinesia or the formation of gallstones.

And stagnation of bile after removal of the gallbladder is called by experts as part of the typical postoperative consequences that occur due to the formation of scar tissue that narrows the gaps of the bile ducts.

An important dietary risk factor for biliary obstruction due to gallstones can be excessive sugar intake, as well as fat-containing foods that cause bile stasis.

Also, the real risk factors for stagnation of bile are alcohol abuse, overeating, obesity, an inherited genetic predisposition to metabolic disorders.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of bile stasis in the intrahepatic ducts is associated with infections, endocrine disorders, genetic metabolic disorders (thyrotoxicosis, amyloidosis of the liver or intestines) and iatrogenic effects. And the pathogenesis of stagnation of bile in the extrahepatic ducts (cystic, common hepatic and common bile) is due to changes in the composition of bile and an increase in its lithogenicity, anomalies of the biliary tract and their partial or complete obturation.

Symptoms of bile stasis

First of all, it should be borne in mind that this condition may be asymptomatic. And the intensity and sequence in which the symptoms of bile stasis appear depend on the specific cause and the individual characteristics of the hepatobiliary system of the body. But the first signs are skin itching and changes in feces and urine. It is believed that pruritus during bile stasis is a reaction to an increase in the level of bile acids in the blood plasma, where they enter as a result of damage to liver cells by chenodeoxycholic acid.

Feces during stagnation of bile have a characteristic discoloration due to a violation of the elimination of the bile pigment bilirubin (which is normally oxidized to stercobilin, which stains feces brown and urine straw-yellow). Urine with bile stasis, on the contrary, becomes dark, because the level of urobilin (urine stercobilin) increases in it.

Constipation and diarrhea with bile stasis are typical symptoms of this condition. Since bile acids play an important role in intestinal motility, their reduction in the intestinal lumen leads to constipation. And diarrhea during stagnation is associated either with an increased content of undigested fats in the stool (steatorrhea), or with changes in the intestinal microflora.

Changes in the color of the skin - jaundice - are not observed in all patients, however, at sufficiently high plasma levels of conjugated bilirubin, the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes become yellow. Yellow spots (xanthelasma) may appear on the eyelids, and patchy skin growths with cholesterol patches (xanthoma) appear around the eyes, in the palmar folds, under the breasts, on the neck, and in the diaper area in infants.

Characteristic pains during stagnation of bile - dull paroxysmal, localized in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen (in the hypochondrium); can give upward and backward (to the collarbone, shoulder or shoulder blade); possible acute attacks in the form of colic.

Heartburn with bile stasis is often accompanied by a constant feeling of bitterness in the mouth, and dry mouth with bile stasis is also characteristic. Bile helps to break down proteins and nitrogenous bases contained in food, and bad breath due to bile stasis occurs due to poor digestion and absorption of proteins. By the way, bitter belching of bile often manifests itself and stagnation of bile after removal of the gallbladder.

Fever - temperature during stagnation of bile - evidence of an infection, for example, phlegmonous or gangrenous cholecystitis with cholelithiasis. High temperature can give sepsis, which develops after endoscopic diagnostic manipulations.

In addition, symptoms of bile stasis include nausea and vomiting; dizziness and feeling of general weakness; liver enlargement (hepatomegaly); increased pressure in the portal vein leading to the liver. With bile stasis in children, a lack of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic) can lead to growth retardation, damage to the peripheral nervous system, and dermatitis. Alopecia, that is, hair loss due to bile stasis, is also the result of a triglyceride deficiency.

Stagnation of bile during pregnancy

Clinical studies in recent years have shown that bile stasis during pregnancy is initiated by estrogens, which regulate most of the processes in the body of the expectant mother. So, pregnant women produce large hormones of secretin, and, therefore, more bile. But at the same time, the secretion of somatotropin growth hormone (GH) increases, and it blocks the hormone cholecystokinin, which is responsible for the contraction of the gallbladder and the common bile duct.

Bile stasis during pregnancy (idiopathic jaundice of pregnancy or obstetric cholestasis) is most often manifested by excruciating skin itching (especially of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet) by the middle of the second or third trimester - as the maximum level of estrogen is reached. In addition, there was a significant increase in serum levels of aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and unconjugated bile acids; other symptoms are rare. Within two to three weeks after childbirth, spontaneous relief and disappearance of all signs occurs.

The epidemiology of bile stasis in pregnant women demonstrates 0.4-1% susceptibility to this condition in women in most regions of Central and Western Europe and North America, while in the Scandinavian and Baltic countries this figure reaches 1-2%, and in some regions of Latin America - up to 5-15%.

At the same time, the following consequences and complications of bile stasis in pregnant women are noted: premature birth (20-60%), staining of meconium in the amniotic fluid (more than 25%), fetal bradycardia (14%), fetal distress (22-40%), fetal loss (0.4-4%).

Stagnation of bile in 45-70% of women occurs in all subsequent pregnancies.

By the way, with itching and the absence of jaundice, bile stasis and allergies are often not differentiated, and patients turn to dermatologists who cannot help them in any way.

congestion of bile in a child

There are many reasons that cause stagnation of bile in a child, in particular:

absence of the gallbladder (agenesis);
doubling of the gallbladder (complete or rudimentary);
deepening of the gallbladder into the liver parenchyma;
diverticulum (protrusion of part of the wall) of the gallbladder;
congenital enlargement of the bile ducts inside the liver (Caroli syndrome);
congenital strictures in the presence of a common bile duct cyst;
a fairly common congenital (due to mutations in the gene of serine digestive enzymes), a violation of the synthesis of hepatic alpha-1 antitrypsin;
genetically determined reduction or complete absence of intrahepatic ducts (biliary atresia);
heterogeneous disorder of bile formation - progressive familial intrahepatic stasis (Byler's disease); pathogenesis is associated with mutations in the genes of the hepatocellular transport system; is diagnosed in one newborn out of 50-90 thousand.

In addition, bile stasis in a child of preschool and school age may have the same causes as in adults (see above). But most often the etiology is associated with impaired motility of the gallbladder and functional disorders of the biliary tract.

Diagnosis of stagnation of bile

In clinical practice, the diagnosis of bile stasis is carried out by examination, during which, in addition to collecting an anamnesis and examining the patient, such tests are taken as:

Instrumental diagnosis of pathologies during bile stasis is carried out using:

ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the gallbladder, liver and small intestine;
dynamic cholescintigraphy;
esophagogastroduodenoscopy;
radioisotope hepatobiliary scintigraphy;
endoscopic cholangiography;
endoscopic retrograde radiography of the bile ducts and pancreas (ERCP).
CT or MRI of the digestive organs.

Differential Diagnosis

The task that differential diagnosis solves is to clearly distinguish between the problems of the hepatobiliary system that caused bile stasis, from hereditary defects in bile excretion (Rotor, Dubin-Johnson syndromes), unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome), parenchymal jaundice, hematuria, carotenemia, erythropoietic porphyria, hepatic form of infectious mononucleosis, etc.

Treatment of stagnant bile

The principles on which the complex treatment of bile stasis is based: if the cause can be eliminated - etiological treatment, including surgical treatment; when the cause cannot be eliminated - symptomatic therapy with the maximum possible impact on individual pathogenetic components.

If the stagnation of bile in the gallbladder or liver has not caused obstruction of the ducts, then drugs based on ursodeoxycholic acid, which is part of bile, are used. These include the hepatoprotective drug with choleretic (increasing bile synthesis) and choleretic effects Ursofalk (Ursochol, Cholacid, Ursosan, Ursoliv, Ukrliv, Choludexan and other trade names) in the form of capsules and suspensions for oral administration. It also reduces the production of cholesterol and its absorption in the small intestine, which reduces the likelihood of the formation of cholesterol-containing stones. Capsules and suspension are prescribed at 10-15-20 mg per kilogram of body weight per day (the doctor determines the specific dose); treatment is long.

Ursofalk can not be used for cirrhosis of the liver, acute cholecystitis or cholangitis, for calcified gallstones and dyskinesia, as well as in case of obvious functional insufficiency of the liver, pancreas or kidneys. And among the side effects of ursodeoxycholic acid, pain in the upper abdomen, moderate diarrhea, and the formation of bile calcifications are noted.

Almost always, choleretic agents are prescribed for stagnation of bile, such as Allohol, Hofitol (Artichol, Cynarix), Holiver, Odeston (Himecromon, Cholestil, Holstamin forte, etc.). Ademetionine (Heptor, Heptral) is recognized as the most effective hepatoprotector.

Allochol (consisting of dry bile, extracts of nettle and garlic and activated charcoal) promotes the production of bile, so it is not used in acute forms of hepatitis, liver dysfunction and obstructive jaundice. Allochol tablets are taken after meals - 2 tablets three times a day. In some, the drug can cause skin allergies and diarrhea.

Tablets (and solutions for oral and parenteral administration) Hofitol contain an extract of the leaves of the artichoke seed, which promotes the promotion of bile, increased diuresis and cholesterol metabolism. The drug in the form of tablets is taken three times a day, 1-2 tablets (before meals), the solution - 2.5 ml (for children - 0.6-1.25 ml). Hofitol can cause hives; it is contraindicated for use in gallstones, biliary obstruction and liver failure.

And the choleretic agent Holiver, in addition to artichoke extract, contains extracts of bile and turmeric, which stimulate the synthesis of bile acids and the release of hepatic bile. The remedy is also effective for constipation associated with intestinal dysbiosis and flatulence. Contraindications are similar to Hofitol; standard dosage - 2-3 tablets 3 times a day (before or after meals).

Cholagogue tablets Odeston (based on 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin) not only accelerate the circulation of bile, but also relieve spasms. It is recommended to take one tablet (0.2 g) three times a day for 10-14 days, half an hour before meals. Odeston is contraindicated in nonspecific ulcerative colitis and any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with ulcerations, obstruction of the bile ducts, hemophilia; not used in the treatment of children. Side effects of the drug are manifested in the form of diarrhea, epigastric pain, increased formation of intestinal gases.

The drug Ademetionine (S-adenosyl-methionine) contributes to the normalization of liver function and metabolism. It is prescribed 2-3 tablets per day; contraindications of the drug relate to individual intolerance, use in the treatment of children and pregnant women (in the I-II trimesters). A possible side effect is discomfort in the hypochondrium.

In addition, in the treatment of stagnation of bile, pharmaceutical choleretic collections of medicinal plants are used. For example, choleretic collection No. 2 (flowers of immortelle sandy, yarrow grass, peppermint leaves, coriander seeds) or collection No. 3 (flowers of calendula, tansy and pharmacy chamomile and mint leaves). A decoction is prepared from dry raw materials - a tablespoon per glass of water (boil for no more than 10 minutes and leave for half an hour in a sealed container, strain and add boiled water to the original volume). Cholagogue fees should be used after consulting a doctor; drink decoctions before meals twice a day - 100 ml each.

Rose hips also have choleretic properties: you can prepare an infusion of dry berries or take Holosas (a dessert spoon a day, children - half a teaspoon). You should also take vitamins A, C, D, E, K.

Homeopathy

Of the homeopathic remedies for the treatment of bile stasis, Galstena (tablets for resorption under the tongue and drops) and Gepar compositum (solution in ampoules for parenteral use) can be used.

Both preparations contain many components, but each contains spotted milk thistle (Silybum marianum) or milk thistle (in the form of plant seed extract). Among the active substances of milk thistle, the flavonolignan complex (silibinin, silybins, isosilybins, silicristin, isosilicristin, silydianin and dihydroquercetin) has a particular benefit to the liver. Milk thistle also contains vitamin K and ω-6 fatty linoleic acid.

Galsten's drug stimulates the production of bile and activates its movement from the liver to the gallbladder and further, relieves spasms and inflammation. Doctors recommend taking this remedy one tablet (under the tongue) twice a day; drops - 7-10 drops three times a day (between meals). The instructions indicate adverse allergic reactions, and only hypersensitivity is indicated in the contraindications. However, Galstena contains Chelidonium majus, i.e. celandine, and this plant is known to be poisonous (due to the presence of isoquinoline alkaloids) and can cause cramps, intestinal cramps, salivation and uterine muscle contractions.

The homeopathic preparation Gepar compositum consists of 24 active substances (one of them is milk thistle). It is used by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection - one ampoule every 3-7 days for 3-6 weeks. Side effects include urticaria and itching.

Surgical treatment

To date, depending on the etiology and localization of bile stasis, surgical treatment includes such types of surgical intervention as:

laparoscopic removal of stones in cholelithiasis and bile duct stones (endoscopic lithoextraction);
removal of a cyst or tumor that prevents the outflow of bile;
installation of stents in the bile ducts;
balloon expansion (dilatation) of the lumen of the bile ducts with their obstruction;
drainage of the common bile duct (choledochostomy);
expansion of the gallbladder or its ducts with stenting and the formation of bilidigestive anastomoses;
operations on the sphincters of the gallbladder;
removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).

In case of biliary atresia (see the section - Stagnation of bile in a child), the ducts in the liver are created surgically: children of the first two months undergo a reconstructive operation (portoenterostomy), but liver transplantation may also be required.

Alternative treatment

Among the variety of recipes for alternative treatment of this pathology, the most adequate advice can be distinguished:

Consume for 1-1.5 months a mixture of home-made juices - carrot, apple and beetroot (in equal proportions); you should drink 150 ml of this juice (an hour after eating).
Drink natural apple cider vinegar by adding a tablespoon to a cup of apple juice or water with lemon juice; you can also put a teaspoon of honey there.
Take mummy dissolved in water for two weeks (tablet 0.2 g per 500 ml); drink the entire amount per day (in divided doses, half an hour before meals). Between courses of application, it is advised to take 5-7-day breaks. A full cycle of such mummy therapy can last 3-5 months. True, the popular recipe does not mention that with such volumes of use of this biostimulant, there may be diarrhea, increased heart rate and increased blood pressure.

Also, alternative treatment suggests using oats and preparing a decoction from it: pour a tablespoon of whole grains with two glasses of water and boil for about half an hour; drink 15-20 minutes before meals 3-4 times during the day (drink the entire amount per day). However, it should be borne in mind that oats act as a laxative and lower blood pressure.

Persimmon with stagnation of bile will help to cope with diarrhea (for this it is recommended to prepare a decoction). Persimmon contains a lot of beta-carotene and vitamin C, as well as manganese - a cofactor for the synthesis of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, which increases the resistance of mucous membranes. Other powerful antioxidants found in persimmons include lycopene and cryptoxanthin. But pomegranate not only promotes hematopoiesis, but also has choleretic properties; however, this fruit promotes constipation.

Modern medicine contains a huge list of diseases. Many of them have such similar symptoms that it is difficult for a non-professional to figure out what is the true cause of his illness. And rightly so: everyone should know well only what he was taught. But there are several factors that push a person to independently search for the cause of their health problems. Firstly, most people today are well educated and know how to work with information, and secondly, many people have doubts that the doctor's diagnosis is correct.

In the frantic pace of modern life, a person, with the development of the benefits of civilization, has become faster in space, but moving much less. Physical inactivity is the provoking factor against which obesity develops, problems with the musculoskeletal system, heart and blood vessels, respiratory and digestive disorders. An inactive lifestyle is the main cause of such an ailment as venous congestion. Let us consider in detail its symptoms and forms of manifestation.

What is venous stasis?

This disease has several more names: venous stasis, venous hyperemia, passive hyperemia. All of them define one pathology: obstruction of the venous outflow of blood, while its inflow through the arterial vessels is normal. Stagnation begins if the elasticity of the walls of the venous vessels is lost. The loss of their tone and leads to difficulty in blood flow. This pathology is localized in places of a large accumulation of venous vessels and can take several forms:

Venous congestion in the lungs;
Venous congestion in the legs;
Venous congestion in the pelvic area;

Return of blood due to valve failure

Why does venous blood return occur?

The work of the arterial vessels is greatly facilitated by the contractions of the heart, which give an impulse for the movement of blood. And the only stimulators of venous blood flow that provide normal pressure in the veins are the contractions of the abdominal and calf muscles, as well as the impact on the sole of the foot, its arch.

There is another factor that has little effect on the activity of venous blood flow: respiration. The device of venous vessels has one feature: valves are located on their inner walls that direct the movement of blood in the right direction - to the heart. During inhalation, their work is activated, but this is not enough for the proper functioning of the venous system. Of course, the heart is also involved in providing recurrent blood flow, but contractions of the skeletal muscles, the so-called. “muscle pump”, the function of which is to “squeeze out” the blood from the veins and stimulate the work of the venous valves, which prevent its reverse flow.

How is venous blood flow stimulated?

The sole of the feet is equipped with an extensive venous network. During walking, running, massage, a mechanical effect is exerted on the soles of the feet, which leads to an acceleration of blood flow.
During the contraction of the abdominal and calf muscles, they increase in size and affect the deeper veins located nearby. Thus, pressure is provided in these vessels, which promotes the movement of blood towards the heart.

Venous stasis in the legs as a common form of pathology

Venous hyperemia in most cases develops slowly, but there are forms of this disease that are characterized by a rapid rate of development of pathology. Stagnant blood is not able to fully ensure the enrichment of hemoglobin with oxygen. For this reason, insufficient provision of tissue nutrition occurs and their oxygen starvation occurs.

Venous congestion in the legs in an acute form is characterized by a significant increase in pressure in the vessels, which leads to their deformation: the walls of the vessels are stretched, their diameter increases, and, as a result, the blood flow rate decreases; a diagnosis is made.

Symptoms of foot problems

The appearance of cyanosis of the skin.
Feeling of tension and heaviness in the calf muscles, which manifests itself in the late afternoon:
Plasmorrhagia. Due to the increase in vascular permeability, their walls and surrounding tissues are impregnated with plasma;
Decrease in body temperature;
Small-point hemorrhages in places of accumulation of small vessels.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment is aimed at eliminating the cause of its occurrence (decrease in vascular tone) and normalization of blood circulation;
Medicinal and folk remedies are used. To date, there are no effective drugs that cure this disease. The action of medications is aimed at preventing complications (, etc.).
Used in extreme cases.

Foot shower (alternately cold and hot);
Therapeutic walking;
Ointments and gels with heparin (Hepatrombin, Heparoid Lechiva, Heparin-Sodium Brown, etc.);
Lay your legs more often so that they acquire an elevated position;
Application for edema;
Using compression stockings or applying elastic bandages;
Use as a rub for horse chestnut tincture: Aescusan, Escuvit;
Medications: Venitan, Venoruton, Detralex and others and angioprotectors.

Feeling of heaviness and fullness in the legs is a common problem in people with obesity of any stage and in those who stay on them for a long time. These sensations can appear not only with venous congestion, but also with diseases of the joints and edema of cardiac and renal origin. Therefore, for a correct diagnosis, you should consult a doctor.

Video: physical inactivity is the main cause of venous stasis

Stagnation of blood in the pelvis

One of the most common forms of passive hyperemia. It is especially dangerous for women, since venous stasis of blood in the uterus is often the cause of miscarriage, premature birth, or infertility. Early diagnosis of the disease allows you to start treatment on time, which is the key to recovery. This disease most often affects people who lead a sedentary lifestyle. The following factors can provoke venous congestion in the pelvis:

Hereditary predisposition to vascular atonicity;
The use of contraceptive hormonal drugs;
Systematic excessive physical and psychological stress;
Pregnancy status;
Postpartum complications.

As in the case of the legs, congestion in the pelvis is often accompanied by a corresponding "female" .

Venous hyperemia of the brain

Most often, this disease is of a secondary nature and is the result of some intracranial and extracranial pathological process. The disease is diagnosed by measuring pressure in the cubital vein, phlebography, x-ray of the skull. In the chronic form of hyperemia, metabolic changes and oxygen starvation of the brain occur, its edema develops, and an increase is observed. Early forms of the disease manifest themselves as a decrease in the tone of the venous vessels, which is diagnosed by rheography or plethysmography.

The disease can be triggered by the following factors:

Heart problems;
Struma, ;
Diseases of the bronchi and lungs;
swelling in the neck;
head trauma;
dropsy of the brain;
Difficulty in blood flow due to the presence of vein thrombosis.

Symptoms of venous congestion in the brain

One of the pronounced symptoms is the manifestation of amplification during its inclinations and turns in different directions;
Dilated veins in the fundus;
The pressure in the veins is within 50-80 mm. water. Art.;
Sudden attacks of dizziness;
Humming or noise in the head;
Blueness in the face. Swelling of lower eyelids in the morning;
Often disturbed by morning headaches;
fainting;
Symptoms of venous congestion in the head are expressed in the presence of a decrease in the sensitivity of the limbs (they occur), in mental disorders;
During exacerbations of the disease, it is difficult for a person to be in a prone position or lower his head;
Increasing headaches on the background of emotional experiences or alcohol intake.

Treatment

To reduce venous pressure, eufillin is usually prescribed (intravenously 2.4% solution 5.0-10.0 ml intravenously on glucose, intramuscularly or in tablets);
Reduce congestion glivenol, aescusan, troxevasin and detralex for oral administration;
Furosemide, mannitol and diacarb are used to reduce the severity of edema;
Treatment of venous congestion of the brain is carried out using self-massage of the collar zone in order to relieve spasm of the neck muscles;
Laser-LED therapy is prescribed;
Electrostimulation;
Various types of reflexology;
Treatment of venous stasis in the head is carried out with the help of herbal medicine.

If there is a feeling of heaviness in the head, you can use garden parsley. Its crushed roots and leaves are steamed, infused for 30 minutes. and take 3-5 times a day, 1-2 tsp, washed down with boiled water.

Stagnation of blood in the lungs

It is expressed in the difficulty of blood flow through the veins of the lungs, which leads to an increase in the amount of blood in them. For this reason, lung tissue is compacted, which becomes brown in color. Its appearance is associated with the accumulation of hemosiderin and this process is called brown compaction of the lungs. It leads to two types of changes:

Increased vascular permeability, congestion in the pulmonary circulation;
To the proliferation of connective tissue in the vessels, that is, to the occurrence of sclerosis.

Symptoms

Treatment

Therapy of heart failure;
Surgery: valvotomy or valve replacement;
Persistent plethora of lungs is a reason for determining the degree of disability.

If you tap yourself on the right hypochondrium and feel discomfort, this may indicate that you have problems with the liver or gallbladder. Cholangitis is one of the common diseases in which the body itself begins to attack. As a result, they narrow, stagnation of bile begins to develop, which then corrodes the liver tissue.

Let's look at the structure of the bile. So, all liver cells are equipped with bile ducts, which connect into ducts, through which the substance of interest to us enters the bladder. When a person eats food, there is an active contraction of this organ. Bile enters the duodenum in order to break down fats: to divide them into small particles, which will then be absorbed into the intestines. If its release does not occur, fats are not broken down and absorbed.

When stagnation of bile forms, it begins to corrode the ducts and liver tissue. In general, a person himself can detect signs of this disease. The symptoms of bile stasis are as follows:

A person begins to "feel" the liver, there is discomfort in this area.
Weakness.
Yellowness of the skin.
Darkening of the urine.
The stool loses its color, becomes more pale.
Itching and burning, which appear due to the reduction of bile secretions.

This is observed because stagnation occurs, and the pigments of the bile itself, for example, bilirubin, enter the bloodstream. Therefore, a person's skin turns yellow. Urine acquires a beer hue because bilirubin, after being filtered by the kidneys, ends up in the bladder. And since bile does not enter the intestines, the stool does not stain and becomes colorless. As a result of stagnation, the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins does not occur, it can cause osteoporosis - brittle bones.

Violation of the formation of bile and a violation of its outflow are the main factors causing stagnation of bile. The reasons for the development of the first disease are as follows:

Liver damage of viral origin.
Alcohol.
The influence of drugs.
Ingestion of toxic substances into the liver.
Cirrhosis of the liver.
bacterial infection.

Violation of the outflow of bile can be triggered by tuberculosis, biliary artesia or cirrhosis, sarcoidosis and other diseases.

In order to diagnose this stagnation, a blood test and ultrasound are prescribed. If cholestasis (impaired flow of bile into the duodenum) has an advanced stage, the diagnosis establishes that nodes can form on the surface. If bile stasis has begun relatively recently, the organs are not yet enlarged in size.

If you have this disease, you must follow a certain diet. First of all, you need to limit the intake of animal fats and enrich your diet. Further drug treatment that is required should be prescribed by your doctor according to the specifics of your disease.

Sometimes, when bile stasis leads to the development of multiple liver diseases, surgery may be required. In this case, an endoscopic technique is used - a seamless expansion of the ducts. However, this method is an extreme measure, which is resorted to in the event of a complete lack of effect from conservative treatment. If a person listens to his body, he will understand in time what worries him and turn to a specialist (gastroenterologist or surgeon). Then the operation can be avoided.

Therefore, your main task is not to let everything take its course and monitor your own health, because everyone has one.

I'm sure everyone experiences this feeling from time to time. And some stay in it all the time. This is an unpleasant feeling of powerlessness, doom, fatigue that occurs every time you want to change something in your life, but circumstances prevent this. You hit your forehead against the wall, but you can't move an inch. You rake out of the swamp, and it sucks you back with gusto. You are stuck...

At such moments, you really want to give up, reconcile and pretend that everything is going as it should. Do not give up. There are effective ways to regain control over the situation and get the ball rolling.

Decide on the area

First of all, determine the point where you are and where you want to go. Do you feel stagnant and lack of perspective in your work? Do you have problems in social life or in relationships with colleagues? Maybe your family relationships have exhausted themselves and require renewal? Decide what problem makes you feel negative and think about how you can solve it. Do not grab changes in all areas at once, focus on the main thing. This will help bring much more clarity to the situation.

Find a tug

Sometimes there are such circumstances that it is simply impossible to get out of life's impasse on your own. Experienced motorists know that if you are really seriously stuck, then you need to stop stepping on the gas (only dig deeper) and follow the tugboat. In our situation, such a tug can be a best friend, family, teacher, therapist, or even a professional coach. Put aside excessive pride and do not hesitate to ask for help. You have to move forward, don't you?

Diary

Try keeping a journal in which you record the details of your life journey. Write down why you feel stagnant in life, what opportunities are available for you to move forward, what you have tried and what results you got, new ideas you can try, and so on. Ask yourself tough questions that no one else would dare, and answer them honestly. You may be surprised how much this can help you.

Meditation

Practice at least 10 minutes of meditation a day. Very often, this is a good way to find a way out of a seemingly hopeless situation, when all attempts have been tried, and the brain is driven in circles, sorting out deliberately failed options. In the process of meditation, our consciousness relaxes, but the brain continues to work on the problem sitting in the subcortex, so as a result you can get a sudden insight into the issue that torments you.

Search

Google is available to everyone and completely free. Almost certainly one of the billions of people on earth has already been in your situation, solved it and shared their experience on the network. Of course, there may not be 100% identical cases, but you will surely find some similar situations. Perhaps this is what will give you new ideas and strategies for overcoming the crisis.

Brainstorm

Brainstorming is a great way to get on the right track. Just take a piece of paper and write down all the ideas that come to your mind to solve your problem. No thinking, evaluation or discussion - a maximum of ideas, even the most crazy ones, in a unit of time. Then you can calmly weigh all the pros and cons and in a pile of frank slag you will find that diamond that you missed so much.

Change your environment

If you want to start running, but your friends pull you for beer every night, then you will have to overcome not only your internal resistance, but also theirs. If you want to devote your life to music, then surrounded by musicians it will be much easier to do. Try to surround yourself with people who, if they don't help you, at least won't hinder you.

Try something new

Albert Einstein said that "madness is doing the same thing over and over and expecting a different result." So why don't you, if you want to break out of the quagmire of life's stagnation, try to do something new? New recipes, music, routes, hobbies, goals. This is the only way to break out of the vicious circle of routine, when it seems that everything has already been tested, passed, felt and nothing will happen in life.

Do you ever feel stagnant in life?