The latest birth control pills: freedom of choice. Hormonal and non-hormonal used after intercourse

For the treatment of a wide range of diseases, various hormonal drugs are often used, which, in addition to being highly effective, have a number of side effects.

If used incorrectly, they can be very dangerous, and can also aggravate the patient's condition.

Harm of hormonal drugs: truth or myth ^

Hormones are products of internal secretion that are produced by special glands or individual cells, released into the blood and carried throughout the body, causing a certain biological effect.

In a healthy person, hormones are continuously produced by the endocrine glands. If the body fails, synthetic or natural analogues come to the rescue.

Why you shouldn't be afraid of hormones: benefits and harms

Treatment with hormones has been used in medicine for more than a century, but people still treat it with fear and distrust. Despite the fact that the use of drugs containing hormones can reverse the course of a serious illness and even save a life, many consider them harmful and dangerous.

Patients of endocrinologists are often terrified of the word "hormones" and unreasonably refuse to take hormonal drugs, fearing the appearance of side effects, such as weight gain and hair growth on the face and body. Such side effects, indeed, took place during the treatment with first-generation drugs, since they were of poor quality and contained too large doses of hormones.

But all these problems have long been in the past - pharmacological production does not stand still and is constantly developing and improving. Modern medicines are becoming better and safer.

Endocrinologists, in accordance with the results of the tests, select the optimal dose and regimen for taking a hormonal drug that mimics the function of the gland as in a healthy person. This allows you to achieve compensation for the disease, avoid complications and ensure the patient's well-being.

Today, hormonal preparations are produced, both natural (having a structure similar to natural hormones) and synthetic (having an artificial origin, but a similar effect). Depending on the origin, they are divided into several types:

• Animals (obtained from their glands);
• vegetable;
• Synthetic (composition similar to natural);
• Synthesized (not similar to natural).

Hormonal therapy has three directions:

1. Stimulating - is prescribed to activate the work of the glands. Such treatment is always strictly limited in time or applied in intermittent courses.
2. Blocking - is necessary when the gland is too active or when unwanted neoplasms are detected. Most often used in conjunction with radiation or surgery.
3. Substitution - is required for diseases that inhibit the production of hormones. This type of treatment is often prescribed for life, as it does not affect the cause of the disease.

The most common misconceptions about hormone therapy

Truths and myths about the dangers of hormones

Myth 1: Hormonal drugs are prescribed only as contraceptives

In fact, these drugs effectively fight many pathologies: diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, skin diseases, infertility, oncological neoplasms and other ailments.

Myth 2: When your health improves, you can stop taking hormones.

Such a misconception often crosses out the long work of physicians and provokes a rapid return of the disease. Any changes in the schedule of admission must be agreed with the attending physician.

Myth 3: Hormone therapy is prescribed as a last resort in the treatment of severe ailments.

In modern pharmacology, there are many drugs of a similar composition to get rid of diseases that do not pose a threat to the patient's life, for example, acne in adolescents or erectile dysfunction in men.

Myth 4: It is contraindicated to take any hormones during pregnancy.

In fact, expectant mothers are prescribed such drugs quite often, and self-refusal of them can lead to serious consequences. For example, when carrying out tocolytic measures or with hypofunction of the thyroid gland (replacement therapy).

Myth-5: Hormones accumulate in tissues during replacement therapy

This opinion is also wrong. Correctly calculated dosage does not allow excess of these substances in the body. But in any case, they are easily destroyed and cannot remain in the blood for a long time.

Myth-6: Hormones can be replaced with other drugs

If a deficiency of a certain hormone is diagnosed, then it is he who must be taken to restore health. Some plant extracts have a similar effect, but they cannot fully replace endocrinological drugs. In addition, their long-term exposure is undesirable due to the risk of allergic reactions.

Myth 7: Hormones make you fat

Excessive fullness does not arise from hormones, but from hormonal imbalance and metabolic disorders, as a result of which nutrients begin to be absorbed by the body incorrectly.

Myth 8: In the spring, the level of sex hormones increases.

Human endocrine functions are subject to both seasonal and daily cycles. Some hormones are activated at night, others - during the day, some - in the cold season, others - in the warm.

According to scientists, the level of human sex hormones does not have seasonal fluctuations, however, with an increase in daylight hours, the production of gonadoliberin, a hormone that has an antidepressant effect, increases in the body. It is he who can cause a feeling of love and euphoria.

Myth-9: Hormonal failure does not threaten young people

Hormonal imbalance in the body can occur at any age. The reasons are different: stress and excessive loads, past diseases, unhealthy lifestyle, taking the wrong drugs, genetic problems and much more.

Myth-10: Adrenaline is a “good” hormone, its sharp release benefits a person

Hormones cannot be good or bad - each is useful in its own time. The release of adrenaline really stimulates the body, allowing it to quickly cope with a stressful situation. However, the feeling of a surge of energy is replaced by a state of nervous exhaustion and weakness, because. adrenaline directly affects the nervous system, sharply putting it on alert, which necessarily causes a “rollback” later.

The cardiovascular system also suffers: blood pressure rises, the pulse quickens, and there is a risk of vascular overload. That is why frequent stress, accompanied by an increase in adrenaline in the blood, can lead to a stroke or cardiac arrest.

What are hormonal drugs

According to the method of exposure, hormonal drugs are divided into:

• Steroid: act on sex hormones and substances produced by the adrenal glands;
• Amine: and adrenaline;
• Peptide: insulin and oxytocin.

Steroid drugs are the most widely used in pharmacology: they are used to treat serious diseases and HIV infections. They are also popular with bodybuilders: for example, Oxandrolone and Oxymethalone are most often used to give the body relief and burn subcutaneous fat, while Stanozolol and Methane are used to gain muscle mass.

In both cases, drugs cause irreparable harm to healthy people, so they are not recommended to be taken without evidence. AAS is based on the hormone testosterone, and for women they are the most dangerous: with prolonged use, they may develop primary male sexual characteristics (virilization), and the most common side effect is infertility.

What are the side effects of taking hormones?

Most often, side effects of hormonal drugs appear in the first two weeks after the start of taking in the form of the following ailments:

• dizziness and nausea;
• sweating;
• Shortness of breath, shortness of breath;
• Tides;
• Candidiasis;
• Drowsiness;
• Deterioration of the composition of the blood;
• Virilization (when women take steroids);
• Hypertension;
• Intestinal dysfunction.

In very rare cases, long-term use of "hormones" or their abuse can cause the development of oncology. To avoid this, it is necessary to periodically take tests and do liver tests to monitor your health.

Side effects of hormonal drugs in women: what to be afraid of ^

Side effects of hormonal contraceptives

When choosing a hormonal method of contraception, it is important to take into account all the features of the hormonal status of a woman. Find out which hormone levels prevail in the body: estrogen or progesterone, whether there is hyperandrogenism (increased levels of male sex hormones), what concomitant diseases, etc.

This method of contraception is used by women quite often, because. considered one of the most effective. In most cases, there are no negative reactions, however, there are side effects of birth control pills, which can be with prolonged or improper use in violation of the instructions:

• Arterial hypertension;
• Anemia;
• Acute renal failure;
• Porfiria;
• hearing loss;
• Thromboembolism.

The most popular birth control pills are: Qlaira, Regulon, Jess, Tri-regol. For the treatment of infertility, on the contrary, Duphaston is most often used.

microdosed hormone pills

Side effects of hormonal ointments

Most often, such ointments are used to treat skin diseases: dermatitis, vitiligo, psoriasis, lichen, as well as allergies with external signs. What side effects can occur due to ointments:

• Stretch marks, acne;
• Atrophy of the treated skin;
• Expansion of blood vessels;
• The appearance of spider veins;
• Skin discoloration (temporary).

The safest and most effective is Prednisolone, which is available in the form of tablets or ointments.

Hormonal drugs for menopause

Hormone therapy for menopause helps improve lipid metabolism, alleviate hot flashes, reduce anxiety, increase libido and prevent the development of atherosclerosis, but should only be done under medical supervision. What negative effects can occur with self-treatment:

• A sharp increase in weight;
• Fluid retention in the body, the appearance of edema;
• Breast engorgement;
• Severe headaches;
• Stagnation of bile.

Hormonal drugs for bronchial asthma

Treatment of this disease with hormones is prescribed in very rare cases for several reasons:

• Hormonal dependence and withdrawal syndrome may occur upon discontinuation of therapy;
• Significantly reduced immunity;
• Increased bone fragility;
• The production of insulin and glucose is destabilized, which is fraught with the development of diabetes;
• Worried about hair loss;
• Weaken muscles;
• Increased intraocular pressure;
• Fat metabolism is disturbed.

Of course, such a side effect does not always occur, but in order to avoid it, it is best to start treatment with weaker drugs.

It is worth noting that almost all hormonal agents affect the hormones of the thyroid gland or adrenal glands, so their use should be agreed with a specialist. In general, if the regimen is followed, side effects occur very rarely, however, such drugs are not prescribed unless absolutely necessary.

Every woman should use contraceptives wisely. Among almost a dozen methods to prevent pregnancy, women choose the best - birth control pills.

The action of hormonal tablets occurs when the reproductive process is suppressed, which is affected by:

• hypothalamus;
• pituitary;
• uterus;
• ovaries;
• the fallopian tubes.

A single indicator that evaluates the effectiveness of the use of contraceptives is the Pearl index. It is never more than 4% when taking hormonal contraceptives, the Pearl index is approximately 1%.

The new generation of birth control pills contains the lowest dose of estrogen (35 micrograms), which causes the most side effects in women.

1. Tablets containing estrogen and progestogen (COC).
2. Means monocomponent only with gestagen (mini-pills).
3. Emergency contraceptives with very high hormonal doses.

Each group has both advantages and disadvantages.

Three types of combined hormonal pills

Combined hormonal pills (COCs) are divided into 3 types:

Monophasic funds Medications include both estrogen and progestogen. The list of new generation hormonal contraceptives contains low-dose COCs, painted in one color:

• Diana;
• Jess;
• Jeanine;

Biphasic drugs, subdivided into 2 groups: the first has a larger amount of estrogen, the progestogen in a larger dosage is in the second. They are used quite rarely.

Triphasic drugs- best suited to the natural female cycle. Modern new hormonal contraceptive pills belonging to this group:

• Triziston;
• Tri-merci;
• Three-regol.

Group number 2 of hormonal pills containing only gestagen is represented by contraceptives, the name of which is:

• Lactinet;
• Microlute;
• Charosetta;

Hormonal pills for women related to mini-drinks, should be taken daily without interruption. The absence of the hormone estrogen affects the better tolerability of monocomponent hormonal contraceptives. They are not contraindicated for nursing mothers, it is recommended to start taking the drug 1.5 months after birth.

Monocomponent birth control pills will not harm women who suffer from:

• migraine;
• diabetes mellitus;
• varicose disease;
• cardiovascular problems.

These contraceptives are shown for women after 30. Mini-pill without side effects can be canceled any day.

Every woman should be aware of the existence of emergency contraceptives. For patients who rarely have sexual intercourse, and for women who have violated the planned intake of contraceptive pills, these pills are intended.

To quickly achieve the desired effect, it is necessary inject an increased dose of hormones. These means (postcoital contraception) should be used very rarely due to the high concentration of hormones. They are 97-99% effective.

When using hormonal emergency contraceptive pills, you should strictly follow the rules, otherwise the worst consequences may occur in years.

Features of the effects of hormonal drugs

Features of the impact of COCs are to block ovulation, along with it, the work of the ovaries is inhibited, the composition of the mucus in the cervix becomes thick and does not allow sperm to pass further into the uterus, changes occur in the uterus itself, which do not allow the fertilized cell to develop further.

Microdosed contraceptive pills containing a minimum amount of hormones are intended for young women, under 25 years of age, and those who had to choose to take contraceptives for the first time. They should pay attention to the following names of birth control pills:

• monophasic - Zoeli, Minisiston, Novinet;
• three-phase - Klaira.

What are the best birth control pills - you should not choose the woman herself, do not listen to the stories of her friends, do not ask for advice at the pharmacy. Find out which birth control is better to take, only by contacting a gynecologist. The doctor will conduct a thorough diagnosis, pay attention to real diseases and past ones, because contraindications for taking hormonal contraceptives may be revealed.

The gynecologist will then examine the woman to evaluate:

• skin;
• blood pressure and weight;
• conditions of the mammary glands;
• taken gynecological smears;
• received complex analyses.

Constitutional-biological type of women

The appointment of hormonal contraceptive pills occurs after the doctor examines the constitutional and biological type of the woman.

The prevalence of estrogens observed in short or medium height women with dry skin and hair prone to dryness, abundant and prolonged menstruation, the cycle exceeds 4 weeks. They are prescribed medium-dose and high-dose COCs:

• inexpensive birth control pills - Rigevidon, Tri-regol; Lindinet;
• and more expensive drugs - Femoden; Logest; Triquilar.

Women of balanced phenotype - have average height, developed average size mammary glands, normal skin and hair, no premenstrual symptoms, five days of menstruation every 4 weeks. The gynecologist offers them which birth control pills are best to take:

• at lower prices - Regulon, Novinet, Microgynon;
• expensive drugs - Marvelon, Mercilon, Triquilar;

Women with a predominance of progestogens are tall, underdeveloped mammary glands, very oily skin and hair, depressed before scanty painful menstruation lasting less than five days with a short cycle. The gynecologist attributes hormonal drugs, which include an antiandrogenic component: Yarina, Jess, Zoeli - drugs are mostly expensive.

Rules for taking hormonal drugs

Necessary taking hormonal pills correctly for women:

Taking hormonal contraceptives should not be stopped during intermenstrual bleeding. They happen within 2-3 months, while the woman's body is being rebuilt on the incoming hormones from the outside. After termination of pregnancy, COCs should be started on the same day or a month later in the first menstruation.

Contraceptives reduce the effect when taken with other drugs prescribed to treat a medical condition. If drugs reduce the effect of some birth control pills, you need to use additional means of protection. The reliability of the use of hormonal contraceptives comes from 2 months.

Sometimes pregnancy can occur while taking hormonal contraceptives, but this happens very rarely. Unwanted pregnancy occurs the following reasons:

• missed receipt of funds;
• reception at different hours;
• the drug is expired.

When using any contraceptive, a woman should periodically:

• measure blood pressure 2 times a year;
• undergo an examination - at the gynecologist, the state of the mammary glands and liver 1-2 times a year;
• take a urine test - 1 time per year.

Contraceptive hormonal drugs are canceled if a woman has health condition worsens.

In what cases is it forbidden to take hormonal drugs

Long-term use of even the best hormone-based birth control pills brings evil to any woman. Many women are convinced of this much later. negative action contraceptive hormonal drugs appear years later, and it is not possible to prove that many health problems are caused by these drugs.

Medicines, which include natural or artificial hormones, have to be taken for various reasons, and women are more likely to take this. We drink them when we are afraid of getting pregnant or vice versa, we really want to conceive a child, and hormones also help to cope with menopause, acne and even cancer. However, many ladies are still afraid of this terrible word, depriving themselves of many opportunities. When are hormonal pills appropriate? Let's look at the important points.

The effect of hormonal pills

The vast majority of the processes occurring in the body in one way or another involve hormones produced by the glands and are responsible both for metabolism in general and for many individual functions, such as growth, reproduction, and the processing of substances. The human body constantly monitors the presence of hormones in the blood and, if they are deficient, tries to increase production, which means a change in the function of the gland. With the help of hormonal pills, you can restore the balance in the systems.

Contraceptive drugs have an effect on the body as a whole. Long-term use of such pills reduces the risk of cancer by about 50 percent. In addition, hormones help to make the cycle in the female body more regular, and the periods themselves often become less unpleasant. Drugs also help in eliminating acne, which is often a sign of hormonal imbalance.

Indications and contraindications

Hormones are prescribed in different situations, but the main points are:

1. Endocrine diseases.
2. Deficiency in the production of hormones by the body (drugs are used for stimulating effects to restore the previous hormonal balance, often this is done to normalize the menstrual cycle in the body and return the opportunity to conceive a child).
3. Problems with the female reproductive system (hormonal substances normalize the menstrual cycle, stop dysfunctional bleeding from the uterus, promote ovulation, bring the body to the hormonal balance required for conception).
4. Mastopathy or fibroids (to reduce the rate of cell division in the mammary glands and uterus).
5. Contraception.
6. Acne, pimples.
7. Menopause (to restore balance in the body and prevent the occurrence of arterial hypertension, osteoporosis and other problems).

General contraindications are also available, here they are:

1. Smoking.
2. Increased blood clotting.
3. Cardiovascular diseases.
4. Excess weight.
5. Liver and kidney failure.
6. Migraines with focal neurological symptoms.
7. Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
8. Increased risk of thrombosis.
9. Hormone dependent diseases.
10. Oncology.
11. Vaginal bleeding.
12. Diabetes.
13. Pancreatitis.

Side effects

Hormones can cause side effects in the body that include unwanted hair growth, skin problems, and more. When taking birth control, they can range from unpleasant discharge and swelling of the mammary glands to allergic reactions, you can still gain weight dramatically. Discontinuing the drug immediately often does not have the desired effect, since the effect of hormones can be prolonged, it will take the body some time to return to normal.

Types of hormonal pills

Drugs are divided into groups of hormones:

• glands of the adrenal cortex, which include glucocorticosteroids, used to combat allergies and inflammation, and also as painkillers.
• thyroid gland are used if it produces them in small quantities or, conversely, too much.
• sexual, which include androgens, estrogens, gestagens.
• anabolic drugs.
• pituitary, such as oxytocin and human chorionic gonadotropin.
• pancreas, one of which is insulin.

The use of hormonal drugs

Hormonal preparations are used in cases where the human body is not able to independently provide itself with the necessary amount of hormones. Such therapy is called substitution therapy, since the patient is forced to resort to it for a long time, which can often be extended to all the remaining years. Medicines containing glucocorticoids are used to combat allergies.

Contraceptive

Contraceptives are one of the surest ways to avoid unwanted pregnancy. The method of their action is the influence of female hormones on the reproductive system in order to prevent ovulation and conception. The choice of the drug should be carried out by a gynecologist, when using an incorrectly selected contraceptive, many health problems may occur, up to liver diseases and vein thrombosis. Let's look at which birth control pills are the most popular:

• "Diana 35". This is an oral contraceptive, characterized by a low content of hormones. In addition to direct contraception, it is used to treat seborrhea, problems with high levels of male hormones in the female body, acne and polycystic ovary syndrome. The drug affects ovulation, protecting against unwanted pregnancy. After stopping the hormonal agent, the girl can become pregnant again.
• Lindinet 20. A modern means of the latest generation of contraceptives. These pills contain completely insignificant hormonal doses, which negates the side effects. Already with a three-month intake of the drug, the normalization of the cycle is noted, menstruation becomes less unpleasant. Reduces the likelihood of endometriosis, cancer of the uterus or ovaries, mastopathy.
• "Jess". Birth control pills are an effective tool in the fight against acne, oily skin, as it counteracts male sex hormones. Often, gynecologists prescribe Jess contraceptive pills to girls from the age of 14 in order to combat acne and eliminate especially painful menstruation. A feature of the hormonal drug is that it cannot affect weight in any way.
• "Regulon". The composition of this drug includes gestagen and ethinyl estradiol, which act jointly on the pituitary gland, hormones make cervical mucus denser and more difficult to ovulate, which prevents sperm from entering the uterus and fertilization.
• "Janine". Tablets, which are monophasic combined contraceptives, contain gestagen and ethinylestradiol, which thicken the cervical mucus, affect ovulation, preventing spermatozoa from fertilizing.
• "Midian". It is an oral contraceptive based on drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol, which affect the endometrium. Suppresses ovulation and prevents the fertilization of the egg.

Estrogens

The level of estrogen hormones is significantly higher in women. There are three types:

• estrone produced during menopause;
• estradiol, produced by all women of reproductive age;
• estriol produced by the placenta during pregnancy.

But sometimes the level of estrogen does not correspond to the norm, this happens due to bleeding, problems with bearing a child, infertility, the presence of tumors in the reproductive system and breasts. Estrogens include:

• "Dermestril". Contains estradiol and is used in menopause, eliminating hot flashes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, urogenital atrophy, sleep and mood problems.
• "Divigel". It has estradiol as the active substance. This drug is distinguished by its favorable effect on the development of specific female organs, such as the fallopian tubes, ducts of the mammary glands. It has a positive effect on the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, normalizes menstruation. In large doses, the hormone is able to reduce lactation, produce endometrial hyperplasia.

Thyroid gland

Levothyroxine sodium and triiodothyronine are thyroid hormones. If their level in the body decreases, this leads to such consequences as atherosclerosis, cognitive decline, weight gain, anemia. In the absence of diagnosis, treatment, problems with the thyroid gland can occur even in young people and result in dysfunction of other organs, apathy, loss of strength.

Thyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone. After passing through the kidneys and liver, it affects the growth, development of tissues in the body, as well as metabolism in general. Thyroxine affects the metabolism of fats and proteins, increases oxygen consumption, improves the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. At higher doses and long-term use, it affects the work of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland.

How to drink hormonal pills

If the doctor has decided to prescribe hormones, do not argue, but listen. He will prescribe a course of examinations to make sure that the hormonal drug can be drunk and there will be no harm to the body, and then determine the dosage. If you are going to drink birth control, then consult a gynecologist. After making an analysis for hormones and finding out what is missing, the doctor will be able to prescribe a remedy. The gynecologist also examines the breast for the presence of oncology, since hormonal preparations for tumors are not prescribed.

How to take contraceptives? In a certain order, once a day, to facilitate the blister, the days of the week are indicated, it will be difficult to make a mistake, miss a dose. The first tablet should be taken on the 1st day of menstruation or on the 5th, if it was not possible earlier. Later, this should not be done, because there will be a risk of becoming pregnant. Do not forget and skip the daily intake. One blister is designed for a month, there are tablets with the expectation of continuous intake, there are for 21 days (with a break of a week).

For breast augmentation

It is considered undeniable that the shape and size of the female mammary glands depend on genetic factors. At the same time, we should not forget that the female hormone estrogen affects the female breast. Some hormonal pills affect its production, resulting in changes in size. This effect is exerted by prolactin, which acts on estrogen receptors in the breast, and progesterone, which promotes the growth of breast tissue.

Taking hormonal drugs requires a careful approach, only the doctor will tell you what dosage you need. So, there are hormones that you can drink 4 times a day with an interval of 4 hours. It is worth noting that it will not be superfluous to use a special cream to increase the bust, in addition, taking such drugs requires careful attention to the diet. In order not to lead to the production of testosterone, you should forget about sweet, starchy foods, reduce protein intake.

For pregnancy

To determine the hormones that can help in the conception of a child, you will have to take urine and blood tests that will allow you to understand the state of the body. The ovaries produce estradiol, which is involved in the preparation of the uterus for conception, as well as testosterone, progesterone, a follicle-stimulating hormone responsible for eggs. Male testosterone, with its elevated level in the female body, makes it difficult to conceive, interfering with the normal course of pregnancy.

Progesterone, sometimes called the maternal hormone, is essential for the development of a baby in the womb. Conception is due to the normal function of the thyroid gland and pituitary gland. The latter is responsible for prolactin, which stimulates lactation and ovulation, and for luteotropin, which controls the production of estrogen in the female body. If conception does not occur for a long time, women are sometimes prescribed Femoston: it contains estradiol and dydrogesterone, which normalize and maintain the required hormonal level. This drug is a mixture of estrogen and progesterone.

For weight gain

Taking hormonal drugs can lead to weight gain. This is used by athletes who want to build muscle by using steroids, which include corticosteroids and sex hormones. In Russia, they are banned, which forced them to look for other ways, one of which turned out to be somatostatin, a growth hormone that can increase muscle mass.

However, you should be careful: hormones for weight gain should not be used without medical supervision. The doctor prescribes them to people with anorexia, emaciated, excessively thin. The drug "Duphaston" is very common: it was created for ladies who want to get pregnant, but for those who want to gain weight, it fits perfectly. Hormonal agents are prescribed after consulting an endocrinologist, he determines the dosage of the drug.

For acne

Hormone therapy is effective for acne. The use of preparations containing hormones will prevent excessive production of sebum. However, you need to be on the lookout, because they can lead to a deterioration in mood, weight gain and headaches as a side effect. At the end of the course, acne may return, and to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to simultaneously use antibacterial drugs, and preferably not antibiotics, but natural substances.

Subcutaneous fat is formed with the participation of androgens, which are most actively produced by the female body during menstruation. This leads to the appearance of acne on the skin on such days. It is possible to eliminate this phenomenon by means of hormonal tablets containing progesterone and estrogen, which will help the body maintain a balance of androgens. For this purpose, contraceptives, such as Jess, are often prescribed: they drink them in a course, one tablet a day.

What drugs to choose

It is not uncommon for women to base their decision on choosing one of the hormonal contraceptives based on advertisements or what their girlfriends say. Such a situation is unacceptable, because only a gynecologist, after all the necessary tests, examinations of the body, can recommend any of the remedies. If you decide to choose a hormonal drug on your own, then it may not only not have the desired effect, but harm your health, even death.

Video

In the plot of the TV show, the obstetrician-gynecologist will tell you how and at what moment hormonal contraceptives act on the body, why you should not be afraid to drink the drug. The doctor explains why birth control pills are good for acne, how they prevent uterine and ovarian cancer, and also explains the benefits of the intrauterine ring and IUD for treating certain gynecological diseases, such as endometriosis.

Contraceptives for acne

Types of contraception

• hormonal agents;
• contraceptive spirals;
• contraceptives with spermicidal action;
• barrier means;
• natural methods.

The latest contraceptives

Hormonal birth control

It is very important to consult a doctor before using hormonal drugs, as there are many serious contraindications for their use.

The action of hormonal contraceptives is based on the suppression of ovulation and the thickening of the mucous secretion secreted by the cervix. Thick mucus prevents sperm from entering the uterine cavity, and the flow of sex hormones from the outside prevents the production of its own sex hormones, so that the egg does not mature.

Birth control pills can be divided into 2 groups:
1. Combined oral contraceptives. They contain 2 hormones: estrogen and progestin.
2. Mini-pill - contain only progestogen.

Combined oral contraceptives, depending on the composition, are divided into monophasic and triphasic. In monophasic contraceptives (Regulon, Marvelon, Jess, Janine, Logest, Novinet, Rigevidon, etc.), all tablets contain the same amount of hormones. Three-phase contraceptives (Tri-Merci, Triquilar, Tri-Regol) contain different amounts of hormones.

Three-phase preparations are used less frequently. They are worse tolerated, despite the fact that their composition mimics the change in the content of sex hormones in the body of women during the menstrual cycle. Depending on the dose of the hormone estrogen, there are high-, low- and micro-dose combined oral contraceptives in the preparation. Currently, low- and micro-dosed tablets are more often prescribed. Take oral contraceptives every day, at the same time.

Combined oral contraceptives should not be taken under the following conditions:

• cardiovascular diseases;
• blood clotting disorder;
• liver disease;
• high blood pressure;
• severe headaches, migraines;
• excess body weight;

age over 35;
• malignant neoplasms of the genital organs and mammary glands;
• elevated cholesterol;
• gallbladder disease;
• age over 40;
• pregnancy and lactation.

Adverse reactions with the use of oral contraceptives may include irregular bleeding, fluid retention in the body and weight gain. Their severity and frequency depends on the dose of the hormone contained in the tablets.

Safe contraceptives used during lactation include:

• mini pili- the composition includes only gestagens, thereby reducing the risk of a negative impact on the duration of breastfeeding, the quantity and quality of breast milk. Breastfeeding women can take them as early as 5-6 weeks after giving birth. The disadvantage is the frequent occurrence of intermenstrual bleeding - a sign of adaptation of the body to the drug. Before using oral contraceptives, a doctor's consultation is necessary.
• Depo-Provera injectable, subcutaneous implant "Norplant" - also due to its composition they do not affect lactation, they are highly effective. They are distinguished by a long contraceptive period - 5 years for a subcutaneous implant and 12 weeks for Depo-Provera. The disadvantages of the method are that they are prescribed and administered only by a doctor. Side effects are the same as in drugs containing only gestagens. In the first 2 weeks there is a need to use additional methods of contraception.
• Intrauterine devices- do not affect breastfeeding, are established for up to 5 years and begin to act immediately after administration. Disadvantages of this method: possible discomfort in the lower abdomen during feeding, heavy and painful menstruation in the first months of use. They cannot be used if a woman has had inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages before or after pregnancy. inserted and removed by a doctor.
• barrier methods of contraception(condom, diaphragm) - quite effective during lactation, subject to the rules of use. Do not affect the health of the child, the amount and composition of breast milk.
• Spermicides- can also be used during breastfeeding, due to local action does not affect breast milk. Quite effective when used correctly - can be used independently, without additional funds.

Contraceptives for women over 45 years of age

The age of 45 years and older is characterized by a gradual fading of ovarian function and a decrease in the ability to conceive. Despite this, the likelihood of an unplanned pregnancy remains quite high, especially if regular menstrual cycles are maintained. Therefore, contraception is especially relevant during this period. Pregnancy at this age is accompanied by a high risk of complications, such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, incorrect location of the placenta. Childbirth and the postpartum period are more difficult, child morbidity and mortality are higher. Also, concomitant diseases of women play an important role - cardiovascular, diseases of the digestive system, liver, urinary system, most often of a chronic nature.

It is important to use contraceptives not only before menopause (when menstruation has completely stopped). It is recommended to continue taking it for 2 years if menopause occurred after 45, and for 1 year if menopause occurred after 50 years.

The choice of a method of contraception at this age is quite complicated, and is carried out only in conjunction with a doctor. It is necessary to conduct a survey to identify possible contraindications for a particular method.

• barrier means(condoms) - safe to use, but quite often cause some inconvenience. Chemical spermicides are also widely used not only due to their contraceptive action - they are able to reduce the effects of dryness in the vagina, which is important for women in perimenopause.
• Intrauterine devices often contraindicated at this age due to the large number of diseases of the body and cervix. If there are no contraindications for use, preference should be given to hormone-producing spirals (Mirena), since they have not only a contraceptive, but also a therapeutic effect - with menorrhagia (uterine bleeding) they reduce the amount of menstrual blood loss, help prevent inflammatory diseases of the genital organs, reduce the risk of developing iron deficiency anemia.
• Hormonal drugs- Advantageously, gestagenic agents are used, such as mini-pills, Depo-Provera, Norplant. They are not able to influence blood coagulation, lipid metabolism, liver function. The use of combined oral contraceptives is rather limited. They are used only if the woman does not smoke (smoking is an absolute contraindication to their appointment), and there are no other risk factors for the development of thrombosis and coronary heart disease. Preference is given to low-dose drugs, such as Logest, Mercilon.
• Sterilization is the most reliable method of contraception, but it is rarely resorted to, since this method is quite invasive, and is a surgical intervention.
• emergency contraception at the age of 45, it is used extremely rarely, since the use of large doses of hormones causes severe adverse reactions.

Most people, due to the lack of knowledge in the field of medicine, consider hormonal drugs to be something terrible, bringing a huge amount (from weight gain to significant hair growth). Such fears are unfounded. An example is hormonal pills for women. These drugs are widely available and effective in their application. What hormones are, why they are drunk, and which of them are the best, is discussed in the article.

The composition of hormonal preparations includes synthetic hormones or hormonoids (substances that have similar properties). Hormones are produced by the glands of the endocrine system. Entering the bloodstream, they are carried throughout the body and reach target cells, which have a direct effect. There are specific reactions that control the vital activity of the body.

All hormonal drugs can be divided into the following types:

• pituitary preparations - representatives are and, which is known to every woman;
• - are used in the treatment of insufficient or excessive synthesis of hormonally active substances;
• means of the pancreas (based on);
• preparations of the parathyroid glands;
• hormones of the adrenal cortex - glucocorticosteroids, which are used in most areas of medicine to relieve insufficiency, inflammatory and allergic processes;
• preparations of sex hormones (, progestins, androgens);
• anabolics.

What are hormones used for?

Hormonal drugs are used to treat and prevent a number of pathological conditions, namely:

• as a contraceptive;
• for replacement treatment during menopause and menopause, this also includes men with androgen deficiency;
• treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases;
• replacement therapy for deficiency of certain hormones;
• as a link in the complex treatment of tumor processes.

Female hormonal preparations are used for the following purposes:

• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• prevention and treatment of anemia;
• the period after an ectopic pregnancy;
• postpartum contraception (3 weeks after the end of lactation);
• therapy of gynecological pathologies;
• post-abortion condition.

Features of oral contraception

The history of contraception goes back to ancient times. What was not used until the structure of steroid hormonally active substances and the discovery of the overwhelming effect of high doses of sex hormones on ovulation was studied. It was interrupted sexual intercourse, various covers soaked in infusions and decoctions of herbs, fish bubbles, prolonged breastfeeding.

The use of hormones began in 1921, when the Austrian professor Haberlandt confirmed the possibility of inhibiting the process of ovulation by introducing an extract from the ovaries themselves. In 1942, it was first synthesized in the USA, and used in 1954. The negative point was that the hormones in the tablets at that time contained a significant dose of the active substance (tens of times higher than what a woman is taking now), and therefore caused a mass side effects.

Modern drugs with good tolerance were synthesized in the 90s of the XX century. How effective the drug is, evaluates the Pearl index. This indicator clarifies the possibility of pregnancy within 12 months of regular use of the drug. The index of modern hormonal drugs is in the range from 0.3% to 3%.

Contraceptives based on hormones:

• combined;
• mini-pills (non-combined);
• preparations for urgent contraception.

Combined hormonal agents

COCs are a group of the most popular modern contraceptives. They include estrogen (ethinyl estradiol) and progestogen (norgestrel, levonorgestrel, desogestrel) - hormoneoids similar in their action to female sex hormones.

Depending on the dosage, as well as the ratio of gestagens and estrogens, there are several groups of hormonal tablets:

1. Monophasic - have the same dosage of active substances in each tablet of the package.
2. Biphasic - the amount of estrogen is constant, and the dose of progestogen varies depending on the phase of the cycle.
3. Three-phase - a variable content of hormones in the composition.

The last group is considered the most physiological. It contains three types of tablets. The amount of hormones in each type depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle. The first 5 tablets correspond to the follicular phase, the next 6 pieces imitate the periovulatory, the remaining 10 - the luteal phase. The amount of estrogen in each of the tablets is maximum, and the level of progestogen increases systematically, reaching the highest levels by the third phase of the cycle.

Mechanism of action

All hormone-based contraceptives are aimed at preventing the production and release of active substances, the action of which is associated with ovulation and implantation of the ovum into the uterine cavity. The gonads decrease in size, as if "falling asleep".

The drugs have the ability to make the cervical mucus thicker, which prevents the penetration of a significant amount of sperm into the uterus. In addition, there is a change in the functional state of the endometrium, it becomes thinner, its ability to attach a fetal egg to itself decreases, if conception does occur.

Reviews of women who use the funds of this group confirm the effectiveness of the application at the age of up to 35 years. The package contains 21 tablets of the same color. There may be a strict usage pattern, but it is of little value since all tablets have the same composition. The following is a list of the most popular and effective remedies.

The drug contains 30 mcg and 2 mg of dienogest. Regular reception has the following features:

• the Pearl index does not exceed 1%;
• has androgenic activity - taken by women with elevated levels of male hormones;
• normalizes the level of cholesterol in the blood.

Good product made in Germany. The gestagen is represented by gestodene (75 µg). Produced in the form of a dragee. It is undesirable to use with other drugs, as the risk of uterine bleeding increases.

The tool is the most popular representative of the group. Drospirenone acts as a progestogen. Properties are similar to Jeanine. In addition to lowering cholesterol and anti-adrogenic effects, Yarina has a positive effect on skin condition. This explains why dermatologists prescribe pills in the treatment of acne and acne.

It is an analogue of Logest. Significant differences are the country of origin, the color of the shell of the tablets, and the content of estrogen in the composition is slightly higher.

The name of this representative is also constantly heard. The composition includes ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate. The remedy is the drug of choice for those women who have an increased level of hair growth, since the progestogen, which is part of the composition, has a powerful antiandrogenic effect.

One of the well-tolerated drugs, excluding the formation of edema, weight gain, increased appetite. Drospirenone, which is part, has the following features:

• softens the effect of estrogen;
• relieves manifestations of premenstrual syndrome;
• reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood.

Monophasic drugs do not end there. There is also a significant number of representatives:

• minisiston;
• Mercilon;
• Silest;
• Regividon;
• Dimia;
• Midian.

Two-phase and three-phase means

Experts prefer monophasic drugs to representatives of these groups because of fewer side effects. Biphasic drugs are rarely used, which is why there are tablets among them whose names are not familiar even to pharmacists: Femoston, Anteovin, Binovum, Neo-Eunomine, Nuvelle.

Three-phase drugs, due to their physiological composition, are more popular, however, side effects and complications when taking them are no less pronounced. The representative of the group will be called as follows: the name begins with the prefix "three". For example, Tri-regol, Tri-merci, Trister, Triziston.

Tablets are colored in different colors depending on the phase of administration. Such drugs must be taken strictly according to the scheme that is attached to the package.

Advantages and disadvantages

Modern contraceptives have a lot of positive qualities, which makes them widely used:

• fast effect and high reliability;
• the ability of the woman herself to control the state of her fertility;
• knowledge of the means;
• low frequency of side effects;
• ease of use;
• lack of influence on the partner;
• reducing the possibility of developing an ectopic pregnancy;
• a positive effect in the presence of benign tumor processes of the mammary gland;
• prevention of tumor processes in the female reproductive system;
• relief of manifestations of dysmenorrhea;
• positive effect on the condition of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system.

The negative aspects of COCs are the need for regular use according to a certain scheme, as well as the possibility of delaying subsequent ovulation cycles after drug withdrawal.

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications for the appointment of COCs are the presence of pregnancy, malignant tumors of the reproductive system and mammary glands, pathology of the liver, heart and blood vessels, acute thrombosis or thrombophlebitis, as well as uterine bleeding of unknown etiology.

Pathological conditions that create problems during the period of drug use include:

• arterial hypertension;
• epileptic state;
• migraine;
• depression, psychosis;
• diabetes mellitus of any type;
• pathology of the liver of a chronic nature;
• bronchial asthma;
• tuberculosis;
• porphyrin disease - a pathology of pigment metabolism, accompanied by a high level of porphyrins in the blood and their massive excretion with urine and feces;
• benign tumors of the uterus;
• upcoming immobilization or surgery.

There are a number of factors that reduce the effectiveness of the funds used. These include dyspeptic manifestations in the form of vomiting and diarrhea, taking laxatives, antibiotics, anticonvulsant drugs. If vomiting and diarrhea occur within 3 hours of taking the last tablet, an additional tablet should be taken.

What are progestogen oral contraceptives?

These are alternative drugs (mini-pills) that contain only gestagens. Hormones from this group are needed in the following cases:

• older women;
• during lactation;
• those who smoke;
• those for whom COCs are contraindicated;
• patients with hypertension.

Progestin contraceptives have a higher Pearl index. It can reach 4%, which is a negative point for the contraceptive process. Representatives - Levonorgestrel, Charozetta, Ovret, Micronor.

Reception scheme

Tablets must be taken once a day at the same time. If a woman missed a dose, then you need to drink hormones as soon as you remember, even if you have to take two tablets at the same time.

If a woman remembers the pill no later than 12 hours after the need to take it, the contraceptive effect is preserved, after 12 hours, additional methods of protection should be used.

Urgent funds

Emergency contraception is represented by drugs used in moments of unforeseen cases. These drugs contain significant doses of hormones that prevent the process of ovulation or change the functional state of the endometrium of the uterus. The most famous are Postinor, Escapel, Ginepriston. Cases when it becomes necessary to take such drugs should be as rare as possible, since they cause a huge hormonal surge in the body.

How to choose an oral contraceptive

The specialist evaluates the hormonal balance of the patient's body and determines what is the minimum dose of the drug that will be able to show the desired effect. The dose of estrogen should not exceed 35 mg, and progestogen (in terms of levonorgestrel) - 150 mcg. The doctor also pays attention to the constitutional type of a woman. There are three main types:

• with a predominance of estrogens;
• balance;
• with a predominance of gestagens.

Representatives of the first type are suitable for those drugs that have an increased dose of progestogens, the third - with an increased level of the estrogen component. If a woman has signs of an increased amount of male sex hormones, the ideal option would be to use drugs with an enhanced antiandrogenic effect.

The gynecologist also evaluates the condition of the patient's reproductive organs. Menstruation is profuse, having a long period, an increased size of the uterus - factors in an increased level of estrogen in the body. Menstruation of a meager nature in combination with uterine hypoplasia indicates high levels of progestogen.

Currently, combined mono- and three-phase oral contraceptives are considered to be the most used, having a low dose of hormonally active substances that make up the composition. These funds have the same effectiveness and safety, if you follow the rules for their use. The choice between specific representatives is made on the basis of each individual clinical case. Confirmation that the contraceptive is chosen correctly is the absence of uterine bleeding or bleeding between menstruation.

Bibliography

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