I hurt my head what to do. Wounds, bruises, ligament injuries

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For head injuries first aid, which can be provided to the victim, is very small, since in such situations qualified medical assistance is needed. Therefore, the main help for a victim with a head wound is actually his speedy delivery to a medical facility and stopping the bleeding.

First aid algorithms for head injuries differ in two factors - the presence or absence of a foreign object in the wound. Let's consider both algorithms separately.

First aid algorithm for a victim with a foreign object in a head wound

2.
3. If a person is unconscious, his head should be thrown back and turned to one side, since it is in this position that air can freely pass into the lungs, and the vomit will be removed outside without threatening to clog the airways;
4. If any foreign object sticks out of the head (knife, rebar, chisel, nail, ax, sickle, shell fragment, mines, etc.), do not touch or move it. Do not try to pull the object out of the wound, as any movement can increase the amount of damaged tissue, worsen the condition of the person and increase the risk of death;
5. First of all, inspect the head for bleeding. If there is, it should be stopped. To do this, it is necessary to apply a pressure bandage as follows: put a piece of clean tissue or gauze folded in 8-10 layers on the bleeding site. On top of the gauze or cloth, put some hard object that will put pressure on the vessel, stopping the bleeding. Any small, solid object with a flat surface can be used, such as a jewelry box, TV remote control, a bar of soap, a comb, etc. The object is tied to the head with a tight bandage from any available material - a bandage, gauze, a piece of cloth, torn clothes, etc .;

6. If it is impossible to apply a pressure bandage, then you should try to stop the bleeding by pressing the vessels with your fingers to the bones of the skull near the site of the injury. In this case, the finger should be held on the vessel until the blood stops oozing from the wound;
7. An object sticking out in the wound should simply be fixed so that it does not move or move during the transportation of the victim. To do this, a long ribbon (at least 2 meters) is made from any dressing material at hand (gauze, bandages, fabric, pieces of clothing, etc.), tying several short pieces into one. The tape is thrown over the object exactly in the middle so that two long ends are formed. Then these ends are tightly wrapped around a protruding object and tied into a tight knot;
8. After fixing the foreign object in the wound and stopping the bleeding, if any, you should apply cold as close as possible to it, for example, an ice pack or a heating pad with water;
9. The victim is wrapped in blankets and transported in a horizontal position with a raised foot end.

First aid algorithm for head injuries without a foreign object in the wound

2. Lay the person in a horizontal position on a flat surface, such as the floor, earth, bench, table, etc. Place a roller of any material under your feet so that the lower part of the body is raised by 30 - 40 o;
3. If a person is unconscious, his head should be thrown back and turned to one side, since it is in this position that air can freely pass into the lungs, and the vomit will be removed outside without threatening to clog the airways;
4. If there is an open wound on the head, do not try to wash it, feel it, or fill the fallen tissue back into the cranial cavity. If there is an open wound, you should simply put a clean napkin on top of it and wrap it loosely around your head. All other dressings should be applied without affecting this area;
5. Then inspect the surface of the head for bleeding. If there is bleeding, then it must be stopped by applying a pressure bandage. To do this, directly on the place from which blood flows, it is necessary to put a piece of clean cloth or gauze folded in 8-10 layers. On top of the gauze or cloth, put some hard object that will put pressure on the vessel, stopping the bleeding. Any small, solid object with a flat surface can be used, such as a jewelry box, TV remote control, a bar of soap, a comb, etc. The object is tied to the head with a tight bandage from any available material - a bandage, gauze, a piece of cloth, torn clothes, etc .;
6. If a pressure bandage cannot be applied, then the head is simply wrapped tightly with any dressing material (bandages, gauze, pieces of cloth or clothing), covering the place from which blood oozes;
7. If there are no materials for applying a bandage, then bleeding should be stopped by firmly pressing the damaged vessel with your fingers to the bones of the skull. The vessel should be pressed against the bones of the skull 2-3 cm above the wound. Hold the vessel clamped until the blood stops oozing from the wound;
8. After stopping the bleeding and isolating the open wound with a napkin, it is necessary to give the victim a supine position with raised legs and wrap him in blankets. Then you should wait for an ambulance or transport the person to the hospital yourself. Transportation is carried out in the same position - lying down with legs raised.

RCHD (Republican Center for Health Development of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Version: Clinical Protocols of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan - 2015

Multiple open wounds of the head (S01.7), Open wound of the scalp (S01.0), Open wound of the head, unspecified (S01.9), Open wound of other areas of the head (S01.8)

Neurosurgery

general information

Short description

Recommended
Expert Council
RSE on REM "Republican Center
health development"
Ministry of Health
and social development
Republic of Kazakhstan
dated September 15, 2015
Protocol #9

Open wound of the head- this is damage to the scalp, with damage to the integrity of the skin in the form of wounds without damage to the aponeurosis and the absence of neurological symptoms.

Protocol name: Open wound of the head.

Protocol code:

Code(s)onICD - 10 :
S01 Open wound of head;
S01.0 Open wound of scalp;
S01.7 Multiple open wounds of head;
S01.8 Open wound of other parts of head;
S01.9 Open wound of head, site unspecified.

Abbreviations used in the protocol:

Date of development/revision of the protocol: 2015

Protocol Users: neurosurgeons, traumatologists, maxillofacial surgeons, surgeons, ophthalmologists, otorhinolaryngologists, general practitioners, therapists.

Evaluation of the degree of evidence of the given recommendations.
Evidence level scale:

Classification

Clinical classification:
Mechanical wounds;
By the nature of the damage:
cut;
· stabbed;
bruised;
crushed;
torn;
chopped;
bitten;
firearms.
By the nature of the wound channel:
the blind;
through;
tangents.
By difficulty:
simple;
complex.
For body parts:
· non-penetrating;
penetrating with damage to internal organs;
Penetrating without damaging internal organs.

Diagnostics

List of basic and additional diagnostic measures.
The main (mandatory) diagnostic examinations carried out at the outpatient level:

Additional diagnostic examinations performed at the outpatient level:
· general blood analysis.

The minimum list of examinations that must be carried out when referring to planned hospitalization: no.

Basic (mandatory) diagnostic examinations carried out at the hospital level:
X-ray of the skull in 2 projections (UD - B).

Additional diagnostic examinations carried out at the hospital level(in case of emergency hospitalization, diagnostic examinations are performed that were not performed at the outpatient level), when contacting a trauma center :
· general blood analysis.

Diagnostic measures taken at the stage of emergency care:
collection of complaints and anamnesis(UD - V) :
an indication of the fact of injury;
The presence of closed superficial injuries of the soft tissues of the head.


general inspection and physical examination
· assessment of localization, size and edges of the wound;

Diagnostic criteria for making a diagnosis:
complaints and anamnesis(UD - V):
An indication of the fact of receiving and the mechanism of injury;
presence of soft tissue wounds of the head;
Lack of clinical data for TBI.

Physical examination (UD - V):
· grade localization, and relationship with nerves and vessels.
· the size and edges of the wound;
· soreness in the area of ​​damage;
· revision of the wound with an assessment of the depth of the wound channel and the direction of the wound channel;
· determining the presence of foreign bodies[ 8 ] .

Laboratory research:
· complete blood count - no changes or signs of mild anemia, slight leukocytosis.

Instrumental Research(UD - V) :
X-ray of the skull in 2 projections - no damage to the bones of the cranial vault.

Indications for consultation of narrow specialists: No;

Differential Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis(UD - V):

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Treatment

Treatment goals:

wound healing , prevention with secondary infection, reduction of systemic manifestations of the inflammatory response.

Treatment tactics:
Surgery:
Primary surgical treatment is one-stage and radical.
Conservative treatment:
prevention of wound infection;
· Prophylaxis of tetanus for medical reasons .

Non-drug treatment:
ModeIII - free;
Diet- table number 15.

Medical treatment:
Medical treatment provided on an outpatient basis:
For pain relief:

Ketoprofen, 100 mg orally, for pain, up to 2-3 times a day, the course of administration is 3 days;

Group of local anesthetics:
procaine 0.5%, once, infiltratively, at a dose of up to 200 mg;
or
Lidocaine hydrochloride 2%, once, infiltratively, at a dose of up to 200 mg;
To prevent wound infection local antiseptics are used:
O treatment of wounds with antiseptic preparations:
a solution of hydrogen peroxide 3%, externally, once;

Antibacterial drugs in the event of an inflammatory reaction(UD - A):


or
Fluoroquinolone group:

Medical treatment provided at the inpatient levelwhen visiting a trauma center:
For pain relief:
Group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:
Ketoprofen, 100 mg IM, for pain;
Means for local anesthesia:
Group of local anesthetics:
Procaine 0.5%, single dose, infiltrative, at a dose of up to 200 mg
or
Lidocaine hydrochloride 2%, once, infiltratively, up to 200 mg;

Treatment of wounds with antiseptic preparations:

or
Povidone iodine solution 1%, externally, once.
Immunoprophylaxis of tetanus:
Vaccination according to the indications of ADS - m 0.5 ml, intramuscularly, once.

Drug treatment provided at the stage of emergency emergency care:
For pain relief:
group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:
Ketoprofen, 100 mg IM for pain;
To prevent wound infection:
treatment of wounds with antiseptic preparations:
3% hydrogen peroxide solution, externally, once;
or
Povidone iodine solution 1%, externally, once.

Other types of treatment:
Other types provided at the stationary level: are not carried out.

Other types of treatment provided at the stage of emergency medical care:
The imposition of an aseptic bandage to stop bleeding.

Surgical intervention:
Surgical intervention provided on an outpatient basis: Wound PST (LE-B).

Surgical intervention provided in stationary conditions at the level of the emergency room in the trauma center:
Wound PST (LE-B).

Antibacterial drugs when an inflammatory reaction occurs:
A group of semi-synthetic penicillins:
amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, 625 mg 2 times a day orally, the course of administration is 5 days;
or
Fluoroquinolone group:
· ciprofloxacin, 500 mg 2 times a day orally, the course of admission is 5 days.
Immunoprophylaxis of tetanus:
Vaccination according to the indications of ADS - m 0.5 ml, intramuscularly, once.

Further management: monitoring and conducting therapeutic measures on an outpatient basis.

Treatment effectiveness indicators:
stabilization of the general condition;
wound healing.

Drugs (active substances) used in the treatment

Hospitalization

Indications forhospitalization, indicating the type of hospitalization:

Indications for planned hospitalization: no.
Indications for emergency hospitalization: no.

Indications for contacting a trauma center: the presence of visible damage to the soft tissues of the head.

Prevention

Preventive actions.
In order to prevent wound infection, local antiseptics are used:
Treatment of wounds with antiseptic preparations:
a solution of hydrogen peroxide 3%;
or
Povidone iodine solution 1%.

Information

Sources and literature

1. Minutes of the meetings of the Expert Council of the RCHD MHSD RK, 2015
   1. References: 1. Nepomnyashchy V.P., Likhterman L.B., Yariev V.V., Akshulakov S.K. Epidemiology of TBI. Clinical guide to TBI. Edited by A.I. Konovalova and others: Vitidor, 1998, 1:129-47. 2. Shtulman D.R., Levin O.S. Traumatic brain injury / In the book: 2002; 3. Shtulman D.R., Levin O.S. "Neurology. Handbook of a practical doctor. - M.: MEDpress-inform, 2002. - S. 526-546. 4. Odinak M.M. Neurological complications of traumatic brain injury: Abstract of the thesis. dis. Dr. med. Sciences. - St. Petersburg, 1995. - 44 p. 5. Makarov A.Yu. Consequences of traumatic brain injury and their classification // Neurological journal. - 2001. - No. 2. - S. 38-41. 6. A.N. Konovalov, L.B. Likhterman, A.A. Potapov Clinical guide to traumatic brain injury. 2001 7. Grinberg M.S. "Neurosurgery", 2010 8. "Guidelines for the management of traumatic brain injury Association of Neurosurgeons of America", 2010. 9. Akshulakov S.K., Kasumova S.Yu., Sadykov A.M. - "Chronic subdural hematoma", 2008. 10. Chua K.S., Ng Y.G., Bok C.W.A. Brief review of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation // Ann Acad. Med. Singapore/- 2009. – Vol. 36 (Suppl. 1)/ - P. 31-42. 11. Order No. 744 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated October 20, 2004 on the approval of sanitary and epidemiological rules and norms “Organization and prevention of vaccinations; 12. Davis PC, Wippold FJ II, Cornelius RS, Aiken AH, Angtuaco EJ, Berger KL, Broderick DF, Brown DC, Douglas AC, McConnell CT Jr, Mechtler LL, Prall JA, Raksin PB, Roth CJ, Seidenwurm DJ, Smirniotopoulos JG, Waxman AD, Coley BD, Expert Panel on Neurologic Imaging. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® head trauma. . Reston (VA): American College of Radiology (ACR); 2012. 14 p. http://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=37919&search=an open head wound. 13. Head (trauma, headaches, etc., not including stress & mental disorders). Work Loss Data Institute. Head (trauma, headaches, etc., not including stress & mental disorders). Encinitas (CA): Work Loss Data Institute; 2013 Nov 18. Variousp.http://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=47581&search=head+injury#Section420. 14. National Collaborating Center for Women's and Children's Health. Surgical site infection: prevention and treatment of surgical site infection. London (UK): National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE); 2008 Oct. 142 p. http://www.guideline.gov/content.aspx?id=13416&search=an open head wound.

Information

List of protocol developers with qualification data:

1. Ibraev Ermek Omirtaevich - neurosurgeon of the polytrauma department;
GKP on REM "City Hospital No. 1" of the Akimat of Astana;
2. Ebel Sergey Vasilyevich - CSE on REM "Ust-Kamenogorsk City Hospital No. 1", neurosurgeon, head of the neurosurgery department.
3. Tabarov Adlet Berikbolovich - clinical pharmacologist, RSE on REM "Hospital of the Medical Center Administration of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan", head of the innovation management department.

Indication of no conflict of interest: no.

Reviewers: Pazylbekov Talgat Turarovich - Candidate of Medical Sciences, JSC "National Center for Neurosurgery", neurosurgeon, medical director.

Indication of the conditions for revising the protocol: Review the protocol after 3 years and/or when new methods of diagnosis and treatment become available with a higher level of evidence.

Attached files

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wound healing is a complex process consisting of several intersecting phases: inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Each phase has its specific role and its specific features at the molecular and tissue levels. Healing can occur by primary, secondary and tertiary intention. Each type of healing has its advantages and disadvantages, the choice of healing method depends on the wound and on the characteristics of the process in each individual patient.

a) Epidemiology. Wounds can occur due to a variety of reasons, the most common of which are trauma and surgery. It is not possible to calculate the exact ratio of the causes of wounds.

b) Terminology. The wound healing process consists of three overlapping phases. The initial phase of wound healing is the inflammatory phase, which begins immediately after tissue damage. It is characterized by gradual wound closure and migration of inflammatory components of the immune system. In the proliferation phase, a stable wound matrix is ​​formed, and granulation tissue is formed in the healing wound. In the remodeling phase, which lasts up to two years, the scar matures and strengthens.

Granulation tissue is new emerging tissue consisting of fibroblasts and developing blood vessels. Healing by primary intention occurs when primary sutures are applied, as a result of which the “dead space” is eliminated, and the wound surface quickly re-epithelializes. If the wound heals on its own, without any surgical intervention, the process is called healing by secondary intention. In infected wounds, secondary sutures are applied and the wound heals by tertiary intention. Infected wounds require daily care, and when the infection is resolved, the edges of the wound can be brought together surgically.

Wounds can capture all layers of tissue. Soft tissues include the skin and subcutaneous tissues (adipose tissue, muscles, nerves, blood vessels). More complex injuries are combined with damage to the cartilage and bones of the facial skeleton.

in) The course of wound healing:

1. Etiology. In the vast majority of cases, wounds occur as a result of trauma and surgical interventions.

2. Pathogenesis. In the absence of proper care, the outcome of the healing of open wounds can be unfavorable. Open wounds can become infected, causing tissue destruction and delaying the healing process. Also, wounds that are contaminated and covered with dry crusts heal worse, since in these cases the migration of the epithelium to the edges of the wound is disturbed. Unfavorable wound healing can lead not only to the formation of a rough scar, but also to functional impairment, for example, eyelid retraction or difficulty in nasal breathing if the wound is located near the eye or nose, respectively.

3. natural course of the process. During the inflammatory phase, a clot formed from the bleeding tissue closes the wound. This process is accompanied by primary vasoconstriction, which is then replaced by controlled vasodilation, during which platelets and fibrin migrate to the wound. The clot also protects the wound from the environment and contamination. Inflammatory cells that have migrated into the wound release a number of cytokines and immune factors that further regulate the healing process. These include fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factors (TGFs).

Gradually formed fibronectin matrix on which proteins and cell complexes are subsequently deposited. The immune cells entering the wound bed, neutrophils and monocytes, are involved in phagocytosis. On the periphery of the wound, the migration of epithelial cells begins already 12 hours after the injury. This process is accompanied by flattening of epithelial cells and the formation of pseudopodia. In sutured wounds, the re-epithelialization process can be completed within 48 hours. Depending on the size and degree of contamination of the wound, the inflammatory phase lasts 5-15 days. Clinically, the processes described above are manifested by edema and inflammation.

During proliferative phase there is a regeneration of cellular structures inside the wound. At this time, there is an active proliferation of fibroblasts, accompanied by the deposition of collagen, and the formation of granulation tissue, consisting of inflammatory cells and new blood vessels. The clinically yellowish fibrinous plaque is gradually replaced by a clear red granulation tissue.

Remodeling phase starts after a few weeks. This is the longest phase, taking up to two years after the injury. The deposition of collagen continues, its fibers intersect, become thicker. Type III collagen is gradually replaced by type I collagen, which ensures the formation of a stronger scar. The cellular composition also undergoes changes that provide long-term maintenance of tissue integrity. For example, fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts, contributing to wound contraction. Blood vessels slowly regress; clinically, this process is accompanied by the disappearance of hyperemia and the appearance of a mature scar of typically white color.

4. Possible Complications. If left untreated, the wound can become infected, resulting in healing resulting in the formation of a cosmetically unsatisfactory scar. If the large vessels of the face and neck are damaged, serious bleeding can occur. Unrecognized trauma to the facial nerve can lead to permanent paralysis. Damage to the parenchyma or duct of the parotid salivary gland may result in the formation of a salivary-cutaneous fistula or sialocele.

1. Complaints. If the wound is in the healing stage, patients usually complain of pain and discomfort. Deeper wounds to the face and neck may also be accompanied by dysfunction of the nerves or salivary glands. Sometimes patients do not attach importance to them, so the doctor must be careful to detect them. Damage to the bones of the facial skeleton can lead to additional complaints, such as diplopia in explosive orbital fractures, or malocclusion in fractures of the mandible or midface.

2. Survey. In most patients with soft tissue wounds, additional examination methods are not required. Penetrating head and neck injuries should alert the clinician to major vessel injury requiring CT angiography. In case of any bone injuries, it is necessary to perform CT scan. If surgical suturing of the wound is necessary, the main blood parameters (hemoglobin, electrolytes, indicators of the coagulation system) are determined.

3. Differential Diagnosis. The cause of an injury can often be identified at the patient's initial presentation. It is essential that when managing a patient with soft tissue injuries, the physician can formulate a “reconstructive algorithm”, which is a concept for the treatment of patients with soft tissue injuries. The algorithm starts with the simplest methods, and then gradually moves to the most complex ones.

As the complexity increases, reconstructive algorithm includes the following steps:
1. Wound healing without surgery (secondary intention)
2. Wound healing with delayed suturing (tertiary tension)
3. Simple wound closure (primary intention)
4. Complex wound closure with plasty with local tissues (primary intention)
5. Skin grafts
6. Comprehensive treatment using distant tissues (regional or free flaps).

e) Healing prognosis of head and neck wounds. The correct analysis of the existing wound and the choice of an appropriate method of treatment usually reduce the risk of a rough scar. Some wounds may require repeat surgery to achieve optimal results. First of all, the prognosis is influenced by the desire of both the patient and the surgeon to make every effort to promote favorable wound healing.

Headband - cap ">

Headband - "cap".

Sling-like bandage on the forehead.

Soft tissue injuries to the scalp are always dangerous. They can be accompanied by heavy bleeding, bone damage, brain contusion (concussion) or cerebral hemorrhage (hematoma), the occurrence of cerebral edema and inflammation of the meninges (meningitis, encephalitis). Signs of damage to the brain and bones of the skull, the development of inflammatory complications are headache, nausea, impaired vision and sensitivity of the skin of the extremities or weakness in them, an increase in body temperature, clouding of consciousness up to its loss.

Help: 1. Clean and wash the wound. A wound contaminated with soil or any other foreign object must be cleaned using tweezers or by hand. Then the wound is thoroughly washed with hydrogen peroxide or a weak solution of potassium permanganate (2-3 grains per glass, preferably boiled, water). You can wash the wound with tap water. With severe bleeding, first of all, it is necessary to stop the bleeding.

2. Treat the skin around the wound. Before treating the skin, it is necessary to cut the hair at a distance of two centimeters around the wound. Then gently smear the edges of the wound with a solution of iodine, brilliant green (brilliant green), a saturated solution of potassium permanganate or alcohol. In this case, alcohol is strictly not allowed to enter the wound.

3. Stop bleeding. When bleeding from a wound of the scalp, it is most effective to pack it with a sterile napkin or a sterile bandage. You can use gauze, cotton wool or any clean cloth. The swab is tightly pressed to the edges and bottom of the wound for 10-15 minutes. If the bleeding does not stop, then a pressure bandage is applied to the tampon inserted into the wound.

4. Apply a bandage (preferably sterile). Applying a bandage on the wound of the scalp is carried out as follows: tear off a piece (tie) about 1 m in size from the bandage, put it on the crown of the head, the ends are lowered vertically down in front of the ears; the patient himself or one of the assistants keeps them taut. The tour of the bandage starts from the left side at the level of the forehead, goes to the right side back to the back of the head, thus making two rounds with the obligatory fixation of the first round. The third round of the bandage is wrapped around the string either on the left or on the right, so that it overlaps the previous round of the bandage by 1/2 or 2/3. Each subsequent tour leads higher and higher until the entire scalp is bandaged. The last round of the bandage is tied to the remaining vertical part of the tie from either side. The vertical ends of the tie are fixed under the chin.

5. Apply cold. Cold is applied to the bandage in the wound area. Cooling the injured area reduces bleeding, pain, and swelling. You can apply an ice pack, ice wrapped in a plastic bag, a heating pad filled with cold water, or a cloth soaked in cold water. As it warms up, the ice is changed. As a rule, it is enough to keep the cold at the site of injury for 2 hours, proceeding as follows: 15-20 minutes the cold is kept at the site of injury, then it is removed for 5 minutes, and a new portion of ice is applied again for 15-20 minutes, etc.

6. Consult a doctor. External signs of a head injury do not always reflect the condition of the victim. Invisible internal damage is fraught with danger to the life of the victim. You can not delay in contacting a doctor. In all cases of head injury, seek medical attention without delay.

There are a large number of diseases associated with skin and hair problems. “Sores” on the head are not just an aesthetic nuisance.

In most cases, they talk about serious problems in the body. In the absence of proper treatment, the case is not limited to the usual itching. A rash, dandruff, drying crusts appear on the scalp, the process may result in hair loss.

The presence of constant nervous stress, stress, lack of sleep is also the cause of poor immune function.

Immune protection weakens with an unbalanced diet. The occurrence of dandruff, for example, can be triggered not only by fungal microorganisms, but also by the usual lack of essential trace elements.

One of the reasons why sores appear on the head is a metabolic disorder. Poor functioning of the sebaceous glands gives impetus to the development of dermatitis. Diseases of the internal organs and hormonal disruptions often lead to the appearance of cystic formations.

The appearance of pain foci on the head in the hair is caused by the development of oncology, infection with ringworm, taking medications that are inappropriate for the patient, and allergies.

It is necessary to carefully follow all sanitary and hygienic rules: keep hair clean, use only an individual comb, use proven cosmetic and hygiene products. Although compliance with the rules of hygiene does not give a 100% guarantee of protection against scalp diseases. Lice can also live in completely clean hair.

Wounds on the head, in addition to injuries, can appear when an infection of a viral, bacterial, and fungal nature enters a weakened body. With a decrease in immunity, the body cannot cope with illnesses on its own. Over time, weeping foci of skin irritation become wounds, sometimes even purulent. The infection spreads when scratching problem areas and in the absence of disinfection.

The cause of a hairline disease can be a banal mechanical damage to the skin, the use of hairpins and other accessories that provoke the appearance of wounds on the head.

Heredity, allergic reactions, unfavorable ecology greatly complicate the treatment.

Symptoms of major scalp problems

Their appearance is a signal of a violation of hygiene rules. They are often found on the head of a child who has been in contact with other sick people, or in adults who have visited a bathhouse or train where sanitary standards were not observed. From lice bites, small sores appear, the head itches.

The reason is a microscopic mite that has settled in the upper layers of the skin. With reduced immunity or due to skin injuries, the tick rushes into the deeper layers of the dermis, causing the patient to develop acne, ulcers, redness on the face and scalp. He is worried about severe itching. You will need the help of not only a dermatologist, but also a dermatocosmetologist.

Sores on the scalp occur due to dysfunction of the sebaceous glands, malnutrition, deficiency of certain vitamins. Pathology may be associated with diseases of the nervous system or HIV infection.

In the hair and on the face, inflammation, crusts and peeling are observed. In some cases, seborrheic dermatitis develops.

It is characterized by itching and dandruff. And this is not necessarily due to non-compliance with hygiene rules. Even the best and most expensive shampoo will not help if the sebaceous glands are disrupted and the immune system is weakened.

Contact dermatitis

It is caused by an allergic reaction to various objects or organisms with which a person has come into contact. The place of contact turns red, there is a feeling of itching and burning, which does not go away on its own.

The doctor should find out the nature of such a reaction and prescribe an antiallergic drug.

Psoriasis

May be mild or severe. With a mild head itches, small convex plaques appear on the skin, which can be eliminated with a special shampoo.

In severe form, when there is an increase in regional lymph nodes, the help of a doctor will be required.

Why it occurs is still a mystery to scientists. The patient first appears under the hair, after a while they begin to itch and peel off. If the disease cannot be defeated at the initial stage with the help of a special shampoo, then very soon its signs will appear on the face and on the whole body.

The scalp is covered with reddish and purple bumps (papules). Over time, they turn into scars, where the hair disappears. Children rarely suffer from this disease, mostly old people get sick. A dermatologist should be contacted immediately, because it will not be possible to recover on your own.

If watery blisters and reddish spots appear on the head, this may be a sign that a herpes virus, similar to the chickenpox virus, has entered the body. Shingles is characterized by painful symptoms: itching, headaches, as a result of which even paralysis of the facial nerve is possible. Seeing a doctor is a must.

Ringworm

Also called dermatophytosis. The disease is caused by a fungus. Over time, they become inflamed and become wounds. Scars form in their place. The disease is very contagious, mainly young people suffer from it. It is also unpleasant because the hair in problem areas can be lost forever.

Another name is colorful. On the upper layers of the skin, spots of different colors appear, appearing under small scales. This type of lichen is characterized by severe itching and sweating. Since it is fungal in nature, it is necessary to treat the disease with antifungal drugs.

With weak immunity, sores can appear on the head, which itch a lot, and then become inflamed and fester. The scabs formed in their place will gradually grow if you do not engage in timely treatment. The doctor will recommend a suitable ointment with shampoo and medication.

Very contagious. It is transmitted from animal to human. The rash in the form of bubbles gradually expands in area. Hair dries out and starts to break.

Trichophytosis

It exists in two forms. With a superficial rash, the skin flakes off, the hair breaks easily and falls out. Dark dots remain in their place. In the second case, you can also lose hair, but at the place of their loss there will be reddish-brown bumps.

Favus (scab)

Skin lesions of a fungal nature lead to itching and burning. In this area, yellowish crusts with an unpleasant odor appear. They may bleed. Hair becomes brittle and loses its shine. It sometimes takes several months to heal a patient.

Treatment

Itching, redness and rashes, all the negative phenomena presented in the photo are only the visible part of the trouble. Scabs and falling scales can lead to the development of such serious consequences as:

• microbial eczema;
• protein in urine
• even oncological skin problems.

If the sores on the head do not disappear for a long time, and the advertised shampoos, oils and vitamins do not help much, you should consult a doctor. Tests will be prescribed that will determine the nature of the disease: whether it is an infection, a hormonal failure, or an attack of a weakened body by a fungus.

Recommendations on how to treat dandruff and sores on the head depend on the results of tests and analyzes. In the most mild cases, patients receive advice from the attending physician on the use of ointments, gels, serums that have a tonic or antifungal effect. In more severe cases, local treatment of foci where sores appear is not enough. Then apply:

• antibiotics;
• drugs that positively affect the intestinal microflora; removing toxins from the intestines;
• antihistamines - for allergies.

Most of the external remedies that are used when the head itches contain coal tar, zinc, and birch tar. In modern clinics, along with the use of shampoos and ointments containing salicylic acid or natural oils, they try to use complex treatment.

Patients who have undergone subcutaneous injection or laser exposure procedures respond positively to these methods. Substances that kill the infection are injected under the skin, wounds on the head are well disinfected with a laser. Complex therapy, including massage and the influence of a steam capsule, act quite effectively and quickly.

Folk methods

Time-tested and in terms of efficiency they are not inferior to the means invented in our time. Of course, they should not be used in advanced cases.

Traditional medicine knows how to get rid of scabs or dandruff. To do this, use tomato juice, mix it with vegetable oil in equal proportions. Wipe the affected areas with a warm composition. An ointment based on lard, with the addition of salt and sulfur, is also recommended. Even in folk practice, everyone's favorite drink is widely used - bread kvass. It is useful not only when taken orally, but helps to heal crusts on the surface of the skin.

In combination with drug treatment, the use of decoctions of St. John's wort, oak and chamomile will be a good help. Fees from celandine, succession and calendula will greatly facilitate the patient's condition. And tar soap will be useful not only during the course of treatment, but also in the future, for the prevention of relapses. Herbal rinses will help not only diseased hair, but preserve the beauty of healthy ones.

It is better to discuss all the causes and treatment of the disease with your doctor so as not to damage your skin. An ordinary scratch can lead to sad consequences. The question of what happened to the skin and how to treat it should always be asked by a specialist.