Causes and symptoms of polyps. Polyposis of the endometrium

What is uterine polyposis - does not hurt to know any woman. This will allow her to recognize the pathological condition in time and seek qualified help.

Definition and classification

Polyps are abnormal protrusions of the mucous membrane of the reproductive organ and the connecting canal. Outwardly, it looks like warts growing from the inside of the organ. Specific outgrowths from the cells of the layer at the base of the epidermis are considered benign. Their size varies quite widely. In particularly difficult situations, they can reach the size of a golf ball. In medical practice, cervical polyposis occurs in single and multiple forms. The base may be wide or look like a thin leg.

Attention! In most cases, polyps are not predisposed to spread beyond the reproductive organ. But there are exceptions to every rule - sometimes they affect the external genital organ through the cervical canal. Pathology occurs in 6-20%, especially in women of middle, menopausal age.

There are several indicators by which the disease is classified. For example, outgrowths that appear with polyposis of the cervical canal of the cervix can manifest themselves, die off, be affected by infections, and change at the cellular level.

The structure happens:

• glandular type;
• fibrous;
• combined;
• superficial.

Placental polyps form a separate group. They consist of structural elements of the placenta, which was not completely removed during an abortion, after childbirth. Each of the varieties has certain symptoms, some can lead to infertility, infection.

Contributing factors, signs

The leading role in the genesis of the described disease is given to changes in the structure of the internal mucosa of inflammatory origin and hormonal influence. The causes of uterine polyposis also include:

• ovarian dysfunction;
• increased levels of estrogen in the female body;
• chronic infections transmitted through intimate contact;
• inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system;
• uterine trauma caused by surgery.

Attention! Especially attentive to their health should be women with consistently high blood pressure, suffering from obesity, with diseases of the endocrine system, with injuries of a neuropsychic nature. Immune disorders also negatively affect the functioning of the body.

Knowing the symptoms of uterine polyposis helps prevent the aggravation of the pathological process. You should be alert:

• spotting from the vagina during or after intercourse;
• pain during intimacy;
• spotting discharge that does not depend on the menstrual cycle;
• an increase in the volume and duration of menstruation.

Difficulties with conceiving a child can also be attributed to signs of the disease. Most often, women who form polyps do not feel any changes in their condition, and their detection occurs during a routine examination by a gynecologist.

Interesting! Despite the fact that polyposis of the uterine cavity rarely develops into oncology (in 1.5% of cases), you should always pay attention to any signs.

Examination options for diagnosis, treatment

In medicine, several methods are used to confirm a gynecological disease.

1. General examination of the genital organs - the condition of the walls of the vagina and the connecting canal leading to the uterus is assessed. With the help of a speculum, a qualified doctor can detect a sagging polyp.
2. Ultrasound examination of the genital organ - the size of the neoplasm, the structure of the organ in which the embryo develops, the fallopian tubes, and the ovaries are determined. The procedure allows you to additionally determine the thickness and structure of the internal mucosa.
3. Hysteroscopy - is an integral part of the diagnosis carried out before the appointment of treatment for uterine polyposis. Using a special video camera, not only the internal space is examined, but also a tissue sample is taken for examination under a microscope. Thus, even polyps are successfully removed.

Of all the methods of treating polyposis of the connective canal of the uterus, the most reliable is surgical intervention. Modern methods of the operation make it possible to do without abdominal operations, which involve large incisions and, as a result, ugly scars. If a single neoplasm was found during the diagnostic process, then it is simply cut out. In the case of multiple polyps, the upper layer of the endometrium is scraped.

Direct indications for surgical intervention are situations when:

• hormone therapy did not give a positive result;
• the patient is over 40 years old;
• the polyp has become more than 1 cm;
• there is a high probability of cell malignancy.

Attention! Do not be afraid if you have been scheduled for a polypectomy. Many women have to go through this. Fortunately, there are many sparing techniques, the implementation of which allows you to avoid complications after the intervention and quickly return to normal life.

One of the ways to treat endometrial polyposis of the uterus is hysteroscopy. The procedure is performed under light anesthesia and is completed within 15-20 minutes. On the same day, the patient can safely return to her home. The advantages of the technique are absolute safety and painlessness. Through the camera, the quality of the operation is constantly monitored. There are no postoperative sutures because there is no need for incisions.

Laparoscopy is performed through small openings in the abdomen, namely in its lower part. Such treatment is indicated in case of detection of atypical structural elements prone to acquiring malignant properties. Recovery after surgery takes a maximum of 2 weeks, after which the woman can return to her usual way of life.

Diseases of the female reproductive system are always quite dangerous. Endometrial polyposis is no exception. However, in some situations, such a disease does not pose a threat, while in others it requires immediate therapy.

What is endometrium

The endometrium is called special epithelial cells that cover the inner surface of the uterus. A feature of this tissue is the ability to thicken in the last days of the menstrual cycle. During this period, the blood supply also becomes more saturated. All this is necessary in order for the embryo to be firmly established in the cavity of the organ. If conception does not occur, then some of the cells disappear. They are removed from the body with the onset of menstruation. In the subsequent cycle, the endometrium is restored again.

Types of polyps

Often on the endometrium, neoplasms can be observed that look like a nodule (on a leg). This polyposis of the endometrial formations can be up to several centimeters. There are several types of them. In the tissues of the glands, glandular polyps are diagnosed. Fibrous can form in connective cells. Both types can also be combined - these are the so-called glandular-fibrous polyps. There is another group of neoplasms - adenomatous. In this case, there are specialists in the structure. Experts sometimes call this. Most often, endometrial polyposis is diagnosed in women after 35 years. However, today you can find this disease in adolescents and young women. Sometimes patients are not even aware that they have polyps.

Polyposis of the endometrium. Causes

The specific causes of the disease are unknown. However, experts identify a number of factors that can provoke this condition. First of all, these are hormonal imbalances. Such changes are observed with an excess of estrogen and an insufficient amount of progesterone. The next possible reason is mechanical damage to the uterine cavity. This can happen as a result of abortions. Also, endometrial polyposis can be provoked by increased growth that are located in the uterine cavity. Infectious diseases, heredity - this is also capable of causing a similar disease. Also at risk are people with diabetes, and those who are overweight.

Symptoms

Often the polyp does not manifest itself in any way, and the woman is not even aware of its presence. As a rule, the disease is diagnosed by chance (during an ultrasound examination). But specific symptoms may also appear. It is worth paying attention to heavy periods, as well as any bleeding in the middle of the cycle. Irregular menstruation is another symptom of the disease. If the polyp is large (more than 2 cm), then specific pain sensations are possible. Also, often a woman experiences unpleasant feelings during sex. If bleeding occurs after menopause, the specialist may suspect the presence of neoplasms.

Endometrial polyposis and pregnancy are also associated. As a rule, a woman fails to conceive a child with this diagnosis. A polyp in the body behaves like an intrauterine device, that is, it does not allow a fertilized egg to gain a foothold in the organ cavity. It can also block the fallopian tube, preventing sperm from getting inside.

How is polyposis diagnosed?

During a routine examination, a polyp cannot be detected by a doctor (unless its size is so large that it extends beyond the uterine cavity). Usually, endometrial polyposis is diagnosed during an ultrasound examination. In this case, the localization of the neoplasm, its size is detected, and the condition of the surrounding tissues is also assessed. There are cases when the polyp is not clearly visible. In such situations, hysteroscopy is necessary. The essence of this method is the introduction of a camera and a special device into the uterus. With such a study, the doctor can see the entire cavity of the organ. Hysteroscopy makes it possible to select a piece of the endometrium for further analysis, as well as remove polyps. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to

What are the methods of therapy

Hyperplasia, endometrial polyposis - all these conditions require timely treatment. Removing the polyp is the only way to get rid of the problem. Surgical intervention is carried out in two ways. Curettage is a procedure that is performed under local or general anesthesia. With a special tool, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe organ expands, and the polyp is removed along with the leg. This is an important point, as the rest of it can grow back. If the number of neoplasms is large (endometrial polyposis), then the walls of the uterus are scraped. Such a manipulation can damage the organ, so there is an alternative option - removal with a hysteroscope. Such an operation is quite delicate, the polyp is removed clearly and correctly (along with the base). The camera allows you to fully control the surgical intervention.

Recovery after surgery

With a disease such as endometrial polyposis, treatment is required even after the operation. Immediately after removing the polyp, the specialist can cauterize its base with liquid nitrogen. This is necessary so that in the future the growth of the neoplasm does not resume. Hormone therapy is also prescribed. It is not used in a number of cases: a fibrous type polyp, with diabetes, hypertension, a regular cycle. The selection of drugs is carried out individually, the gynecologist takes into account the presence of other diseases, and the desire of a woman to become pregnant. As a rule, in the postoperative period, the patient is prescribed antibiotics (to exclude inflammatory processes).

What is the danger of untimely treatment of polyps

It often happens that after making a diagnosis and conducting all the necessary studies, a woman postpones treatment for an indefinite period. Polyposis is considered a mild disease and is not taken seriously enough. However, the main danger of such formations is that over time they are able to degenerate into malignant ones. In addition, violation of menstruation, abundant discharge also bring a lot of inconvenience. A large loss of blood can cause anemia.

Problems arise when conceiving a child. But if pregnancy does occur, there is a huge risk of interruption. Neoplasms significantly disrupt the structure of the endometrium, so the fertilized egg cannot properly fix itself. Due to the bleeding that is a consequence of this disease, placental abruption may occur. Considering all the above points, if a woman is diagnosed with endometrial polyposis, treatment is required immediately and qualified.

Prevention methods

In order to reduce the risk of the disease, regular examinations by a gynecologist are necessary. All inflammatory or infectious processes should be treated in a timely manner. Taking care of your health will pay off. Experts recommend choosing the right contraceptives and planning. This will significantly reduce the likelihood of abortions, which can cause a condition such as endometrial polyposis. Any malfunction of the body should immediately alert the woman. If a problem is found, postponing a visit to the doctor is undesirable and dangerous.

Polyposis of the uterus today is a fairly common occurrence. It is a focal hyperplasia of the endometrium of the organ, characterized by the growth of the mucosa with neoplasms (polyps), which are of a benign nature.

The polyp looks like a rounded outgrowth on a stalk (the base can be either thin or thick). In most cases, the development of polyposis in the uterus is a process that does not threaten the life of a woman, but it has a tendency (the risk of becoming malignant is 1-2%).

Features of pathology and its varieties

The pathological process can be diagnosed in women at any age, starting from 11-12 years old (i.e. after the onset of puberty). The peak is observed in patients over 45 years of age (during the premenopausal period).
Polyps can be single and multiple (such a distribution is called polyposis). The size of the neoplasm varies from a few millimeters to 2-3 cm. They look more like cylinders with a porous surface, they can be yellowish or burgundy with a purple tint. They differ in a very thin shell through which the blood vessels that feed the neoplasm are clearly visible. Each polyp consists of a central vascular canal, endometrial glands and stroma.

The main classification of polyps is based on location and morphology.

1. According to their location, they are separated, based on the focus of localization, thus, it happens: polyposis of the cervix and body of the organ.
2. According to the morphological type, they are:

• glandular (formed in the tissues of the endometrium from the cells of its glands). It is also called, mainly this type of pathology is observed in young girls;
• fibrous (they are formed from connective tissue cells). Most often they are diagnosed in women over 45;
• glandular-fibrous (this mixed type is most often diagnosed in women after 30-35 years);
• placental (more rare cases, develop if, after childbirth or a spontaneously interrupted pregnancy, a piece of placental tissue remains in the woman's body). They are dangerous neoplasms that cause serious consequences, up to infertility;
• adenomatous (such a polyposis of the uterine cavity or cervix is ​​the most dangerous, it is these neoplasms that are transformed into malignant ones). This is a precancerous condition.

Basically, the pathological phenomenon is observed in the cavity of the organ and on the neck. In very rare cases, the germination of cervical polyposis occurs in the cervical canal and further exit into the vagina.

What caused the development of the disease

Scientists put forward several possible causes of uterine polyposis, among which, the main one is the influence of hormonal changes and an imbalance of estrogens and progesterone. Ovarian dysfunction and other similar phenomena can contribute to pathology. This theory is also confirmed by the fact that the peak incidence occurs at the onset of menopause in women (which always causes hormonal failure).

The next important reason is called inflammatory processes occurring in the organs. It can be adnexitis, cervicitis, oophoritis, endometriosis. In case of inflammation, immunity acts to protect the body, the peculiarity of which is to develop a sufficient number of leukocytes that prevent inflammation. As a result, they kill the infection, but at the same time provoke the growth of cells in the tissues of the endometrium, that is, the development of uterine polyposis.

Other factors that can lead to pathology include:

• the consequences of abortion (poor-quality or insufficiently accurate curettage);
• proliferation of blood vessels;
• diseases of the endocrine system;
• obesity (it also leads to hyperestrogenism and the growth of pathological neoplasms against the background of hormonal disorders);
• arterial hypertension (this phenomenon leads to circulatory disorders and the onset of increased cell division, which receive an insufficient amount of nutrients);
• diabetes;
• hereditary tendency;
• the reaction of the body to the treatment with special preparations of tumors of other localization.

Attention! Physicians attribute a sedentary lifestyle to the probable causes of the disease. The statement is based on stagnation of blood and insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrition to the cells in the pelvic organs due to this, which also leads to their increased division.

Clinical picture

At the initial stages of its development, while the affected area is small, uterine polyposis most often does not show symptoms and is detected by chance, during the next gynecological examination. Further, no matter what kind of neoplasms occurs, the signs appear quite similar, these are:

1. violations of the menstrual cycle (its duration changes, the abundance of discharge (in some women they are excessively abundant, in others they are scarce, almost smearing);
2. spotting that appears between periods;
3. the appearance of mucous whites with an unpleasant odor;
4. pain in the lower abdomen (by nature resembling cramping);
5. blood during (or immediately after) sexual contact.

Important! With polyposis of the uterus, infertility is often observed.

Methods for diagnosing this disease

To make this diagnosis and choose the right treatment for uterine polyposis, an accurate and complete diagnosis is necessary, which will not only reveal the pathological process, but also differentiate it (after all, some symptoms are similar to fibroids and other diseases).

The diagnostic program should include:

• gynecological examination, in which an anamnesis is taken, a visual examination of the vagina with the help of mirrors;
• hysteroscopy (examination of the cavity through an optical device inserted using a flexible tube through the cervical canal). This method allows you to visualize the location and number of neoplasms, obtain tissue samples;
• Ultrasound (pelvic organs are examined);
• metrography (X-ray of the uterine cavity with a contrast agent).

In addition, laboratory tests are carried out (bacteriological and microscopic examination of smears, detection of infectious pathogens and inflammatory processes).

Modern methods of treatment

A modern method of treating cervical polyposis is endoscopic polypectomy, which is most often performed during a hysteroscopic examination. The essence of the method is the scraping of neoplasms and the treatment of the cleaned area with liquid nitrogen. Thus, it is possible to exclude relapses of the disease.

After operations, drug treatment of uterine endometrial polyposis is prescribed, it may include hormone therapy, anti-inflammatory and immunotherapy.

The endometrial polyp is the leader among gynecological pathologies of the uterus in premenopausal women, but it also occurs in patients of childbearing age and young girls. Such formations bring inconvenience to their owner and can lead to serious complications. Today we will tell you what education is and how to treat it.

What are endometrial polyps?

The uterine cavity, its muscular wall - the myometrium is covered with a mucous membrane - the endometrium. It consists of two layers: basal in direct contact with the wall of the organ and functional on the surface. Formations that form from endometrial cells are called polyps. This is a growth with a rounded body on a thin stalk, less often the base is wide, then it looks more like a bulge. The average size of polyps found in the body of the uterus is from 5 to 15 mm, but sometimes there are giants of 7-10 cm, which, not fitting in the cavity of the organ, fall out through the cervical canal into the vagina. Endometrial formations are more often single, but sometimes there are cases of polyposis - multiple mucosal lesions.

In the ICD, the disease is under code N 84.0, however, the placental variety is taken out separately - O 90.8, as well as adenomatous - D 28.

Interesting fact! Pathology occurs anywhere in the human body where there are mucous membranes. So, a polyp of the cervix, vagina, intestines and other organs is possible.

Types of endometrial formations

Growths are distinguished by their cellular composition and structure. The type of tissue largely determines the degree of threat to the body and the tactics of treating uterine disease.

Glandular

Fibrous

The formations are based on connective tissue fibers, which may indicate their origin as a result of injury or inflammatory processes. Such polyps are found in the uterine cavity of patients approaching the age of menopause.

mixed type

Formations that combine elements of the two previous varieties are called. It is rare, mainly on the endometrium in women of reproductive age with a stable menstrual cycle. More often than others, they are prone to inflammation.

Placental

It happens that as a result of pregnancy, after childbirth, caesarean section or abortion, fragments of the placenta remain in the uterine cavity. They form polyps. This also includes chorionic formations that grow from chorionic villi - the precursors of the placenta. They occur as a result of termination of pregnancy in the early stages.

Decidual

A special type of polyp that appears from the intermediate membrane between the uterus and the fetal bladder. This is just an overgrowth of tissue, which is not dangerous. In childbirth, the growths come out along with the baby and the rest of the elements.

adenomatous

Such formations consist mainly of glandular tissue. However, the cells have an irregular structure both in size and appearance, and in internal elements. It is prone to hyperplasia and metaplasia, that is, cells divide rapidly and can be reborn, which sometimes leads to malignancy - malignancy of the polyp. Occurs against the background of pathological changes in the endometrium and surrounding tissues. So, it is more often found in the uterus along with fibroids, adenomyosis and other anomalies that are more common in women of late childbearing and premenopausal age.

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Expert opinion

Olga Yurievna Kovalchuk

Doctor, expert

More often, the adenomatous type is found not in its pure form, but as foci. Therefore, one can come across the term adenofibrous polyp, when growths of abnormal glandular structures are present in the formation, consisting mainly of connective tissue.

Why do polyps appear on the surface of the endometrium?

The main causes of uterine pathology are:

1. Hormonal changes as a result of pregnancy, menopause or diseases of the endocrine system. These include pathologies of the pancreas and thyroid gland, adrenal glands. Anomalies of the liver and intestines, in which it is impossible to get rid of excess sex hormones. The use of contraceptives, both spirals and tablets. Any condition that provokes a lack of progesterone with an excess of estrogens leads to the formation of polyps in the uterine cavity.
2. Inflammation in the reproductive organs. More often, diseases occur against the background of infections, lead to a change in blood circulation, disruption of endometrial tissues, and the formation of adhesions. Often for this reason, fibrous formations occur.
3. Injuries during childbirth, abortion, curettage of the uterus, gynecological operations, diagnostic manipulations lead to non-infectious inflammation, the formation of connective tissue.

Risk group:

• Age from 35 to 45 years;
• The presence of excess weight;
• Hypertension;
• Cases of tumors and polyps among close relatives.

Provoking factors:

• Decreased immunity;
• Stress.

Interesting fact! Obesity can occur due to endocrine disorders, but it, in turn, leads to an increase in estrogen and a lack of progesterone. Deposits in the abdominal cavity, the so-called visceral fat, work as endocrine glands, and produce estrogens.

What are the dangers of endometrial polyps?

Consequences of polyps in the uterine cavity:

1. Anemia due to persistent bleeding. Which leads to weakness, dizziness and fainting.
2. Growths can become a focus of chronic infection.
3. Some formations can develop into an oncological tumor.
4. The hormonal imbalance that accompanies polyps can also cause the formation of other dangerous conditions, such as adenomyosis and endometriosis pathology.
5. The chances of conceiving and bearing a child are reduced.
6. The onset of pregnancy against the background of polyps can lead to serious complications. Placental abruption and squeezing by a large formation leads to underdevelopment of the fetus. In some cases, you have to resort to abortion.

Endometrial polyp clinic

The difficulty lies in the fact that the symptoms of education cause at the moment when they reach a size of 10-20 mm. The signs that have appeared are characteristic of various pathologies of the uterus and the entire reproductive system as a whole:

• Menstruation becomes longer for about 7 days. On the first and last days, it may be a slight red or brown daub. The rest of the time, the discharge is plentiful. Increased symptoms of PMS, such as pain in the abdomen and lower back;
• Bleeding associated with penetration into the vagina at the time of intercourse or examination on a gynecological chair;
• Leucorrhea outside of menses mucous or with signs of infection;
• The appearance of blood in women who have entered the menopause phase;
• Infertility is the inability to conceive a child for 6 or more months of unprotected sex.

Attention! Approximately half of the cases of a uterine endometrial polyp are detected at routine examinations by chance.

Diagnosis of pathology

To identify formations, the most informative research methods are:

1. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Based on echoes, the specialist will determine the presence of a polyp, location and size. If the growths are too small, then, most likely, endometrial hyperplasia will be indicated in the ultrasound report. In some cases, the use of a vaginal probe is required.
2. Diagnostic hysteroscopy shows a more accurate picture. Using the camera, the doctor can examine the endometrium of the uterus, see the polyp with his own eyes, which will suggest the type of formation. As a rule, such a study is prescribed to clarify the diagnosis after the results of ultrasound, since the procedure is more complicated.

Additional diagnostic measures:

• smear from the walls of the vagina;
• Bakposev if an infection is detected;
• PCR analysis;
• Blood for hormone levels;
• Tests for HIV, CSR, hepatitis.

An important step will be the histology of the removed polyp. This complex study allows you to identify all types of tissue that make up the formation, the nature and structure of cells, and detect cancer.

Attention! Deciphering histology is only possible for a medical specialist. All found elements are indicated in Latin.

Office hysteroscopy

This name is given to a diagnostic procedure, which, unlike the therapeutic procedure, does not require anesthesia and cervical dilatation. For manipulations, a thin tip is used, which allows you to penetrate into the cavity of the organ without preparation and look at the endometrium and polyps. However, before hysteroscopy, it is necessary to pass tests:

• Blood for infection, clotting and Rh factor;
• ultrasound;
• Vaginal smear.

The cost of the procedure in private clinics ranges from 3 to 10 thousand rubles.

How to get rid of polyps in the uterus?

Therapy of pathology is a complex of various measures, but only has a guaranteed result.

Treatment without surgery

With minor formations of about 5 mm, which do not grow rapidly, the patient may be prescribed:

• Antibacterial agents for infection;
• Hormonal preparations in the form of oral contraceptives of a certain orientation, gestagens. They are used only in case of detected imbalance. Able to stop the development of formations and relieve inflammation in the tissues of the uterus, restore ovarian function. However, with the abolition of therapy, most likely, the growth of polyps will resume.

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Expert opinion

Olga Yurievna Kovalchuk

Doctor, expert

It happens that after medicines, after some time, no pathology is found on ultrasound, therefore, it can be said that sometimes hormone therapy can cause the formation to resolve, but there are no scientific studies on this. Although the fact that polyps in the nose are reliably amenable to such treatment at the initial stage, indicates the possibility of a therapeutic effect in the uterine cavity.

Removal of polyps

The operation is prescribed for the following indications:

• Profuse bleeding;
• Suspicions of an adenomatous type of formation;
• Placental and chorionic growths;
• Large over 10 mm polyps of any kind;
• At the stage of pregnancy planning;
• Age after 40 years.

Doctors in this matter are in solidarity and say that sooner or later they will have to get rid of this pathology. Because the risks associated with it are too high. In addition, treatment without surgery for adenomatous or placental polyps does not make sense and only increases the likelihood of consequences.

1. Immediately after the end of the intervention, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed, such as Diclofenac, Nimesulide, Meloxicam for 3 days. For 5-7 days, a course of antibiotics is used to prevent infection. For this purpose, Metronidazole or Cephalosporin is used. Also, similarly to anti-inflammatory therapy, antispasmodics are used to relax the muscles of the uterus, thereby relieving the patient from pain and the damaged organ from stagnant processes. Preparations - Drotaverine or No-shpa.
2. After receiving the results of histology after about 2 weeks, the issue of hormonal treatment is decided. It will be required when detecting glandular and fibro-glandular types of formations. Assign gestagens - Depo-Provera, Utrozhestan, Dufaston, Norkolut. Oral contraceptives - Dimia, Yarina, Jess, Janine, Regulon.

At the end of the recovery period and the course of treatment, the doctor will set the date for the next preventive examinations. You may have to repeat a hysteroscopy for diagnostic purposes.

Uterus removal

For women who are already entering the menopause, the detected polyps may be an indication for amputation of the organ. The fact is that the hormonal state of such patients increases the risk of degeneration of formations into a malignant tumor. Therefore, in order to prevent cancer, radical methods are resorted to.

Conception after removal of polyps

Pregnancy can occur after the first menstruation, but this outcome is undesirable. The uterus has not fully recovered yet. Gynecologists advise to wait 3-4 months or even six months. In addition, the use of oral contraceptives for therapeutic purposes can shift this period by several more months, or even a year. Practice shows that women successfully conceive children in the first six months after surgery. Targeted hysteroscopy is less traumatic; as a result, scars are not formed that can interfere with childbearing function.

Polyp removal cost

Removal of formations of the endometrium of the uterus will cost from 5-7 thousand per copy. Radio wave and laser equipment for manipulations inside the body is available only in some clinics in large cities. The price of such a procedure can reach several tens of thousands of rubles.

In Russia, only specialists from the Center for Gynecology, Reproductive and Aesthetic Medicine in Otradnoye possess a unique method of targeted removal of polyps with a laser using a hysteroscope. The price list in the institution is closed and is available only upon request.

It should be noted that the final check will include each consultation, analysis and manipulation carried out along the entire path of uterine treatment.

Folk methods of getting rid of polyps

Some eliminate formations on the surface of the endometrium using non-traditional means. Science does not confirm the effectiveness of such treatment, but women's reviews suggest that the use of celandine, hog uterus and other herbs turned out to be a salvation for them from pathology.

Modern girls are unlikely to look for medicinal plants in the fields and make decoctions, but vaginal suppositories against polyps with extracts of the necessary plants, as well as packaged raw materials that are brewed like regular tea, can help them out.

Carefully! It is dangerous to treat an adenomatous polyp on your own. You can lose time, and bring the process to malignancy.

Conclusion

Endometrial formations in the uterine cavity are a rather serious pathology. Therefore, it is necessary to approach its treatment responsibly, follow all the doctor's instructions and do not forget about preventive examinations after the operation. The risk of recurrence remains with any method of removal, so you will need to be more careful about your health in the future.

Polyposis is a disease characterized by the appearance of multiple benign neoplasms in different organs. Most often, polyps form in the nasal passages, in the stomach and intestines, as well as in the uterus and ovaries. There are circumstances under which these benign formations can degenerate into cancerous ones that pose a threat to human life. In particular, this variety includes familial adenomatous polyposis (often transmitted from parents to their children).

Varieties

To date, there are several varieties of this pathology, which depend on the location of the growths. So, the most common is stomach polyposis, in which several types of growths are formed on the mucous membrane of the organ, classified as polyps.

These growths can be:

• glandular, having a special structure (round shape with a smooth surface and a specific leg, with which the polyp is attached to the mucous membrane of the organ);
• hyperplastic, small in size and cone-shaped. Glandular neoplasms in the stomach often tend to transform from benign to malignant, and hyperplastic ones do not regenerate.

Also, doctors often face such pathology as intestinal polyposis. Diagnostic techniques used for this disease can detect three types of different polyps. The first type is hyperplastic. Like hyperplastic polyps of the stomach, they are cone-shaped and do not tend to regenerate.

The second type is villous. Their distinctive feature, as the name already implies, is the presence of small villi over the entire surface of the growth. Such neoplasms degenerate into malignant only in 30% of cases.

The third type is adenomatous. They have a leg and are distinguished by a rounded shape. Their surface is smooth and shiny, and they are prone to rebirth. The size of such neoplasms may depend on the stage of their development.

Women very often face such a pathology as endometrial polyposis, that is, the mucous lining the uterus and cervix. Endometrial polyposis also comes in several varieties - glandular, glandular-fibrous, fibrous and adenomatous. Accordingly, endometrial glandular polyposis is a benign process that develops as a result of the growth of endometrial glandular cells. In the glandular-fibrous form, in addition to the glandular tissue, a certain amount of connective tissue is found in polyps, and in the fibrous form, the neoplasm consists only of connective tissue.

The adenomatous form is a precancerous condition. In their composition, such polyps have atypical cells.

Usually, endometrial polyposis in the fair sex is of different types, depending on the location of the growths. It is noted:

• uterine polyposis;
• vagina;
• cervix;
• ovaries.

Another type of this pathology, which occurs in both women and men, is nasal polyposis. It is characterized by the appearance of soft formations in the nasal passages, which are painless and can be of various sizes. Treatment of this pathology must be timely, otherwise the patient may experience nasal breathing disorders. Remarkable is the fact that nasal polyposis never degenerates from a benign to a malignant process.

Less common than other types of growths occurs gallbladder polyposis, which can also be benign in nature, but under certain conditions can degenerate into a malignant neoplasm.

Separately, it must be said about diffuse polyposis, in which neoplasms appear in various organs and tissues.

Causes

Why neoplasms grow in the human body is not known for certain. Scientists, observing people with various pathologies of internal organs, found that some polyps form against the background of existing diseases, while others do not. Presumably, their development depends on the state of the human immune system.

However, predisposing factors are the pathological conditions of certain internal organs. So, gallbladder polyposis occurs in people with, as well as in those who abuse alcohol and eat improperly.

Colon polyposis develops when a person suffers from other inflammatory bowel processes. Also, the development of neoplasms in the intestines is often observed during, after suffering.

Genetic predisposition plays a significant role in the development of this type of pathology. Also, the disease can cause a sedentary lifestyle, especially in people over 50 years of age.

Polyposis of the stomach occurs in people aged 50 years and older, suffering from peptic ulcers, or who have a hereditary predisposition. In addition, those who have undergone stomach surgery may encounter this pathology.

Polyposis of the endometrium of the uterus, cervix, vagina and ovaries occurs against the background of hormonal imbalance. In addition, this type of pathology is caused by traumatic injuries of the uterus, including abortions. Polyposis of the cervix can develop as a result of difficult childbirth, or spontaneous miscarriages.

Diffuse polyposis in the human body can develop due to mutations that have occurred in the genes, which causes uncontrolled growth of cells of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Very often, diffuse polyposis has a tendency to degenerate into a malignant process. Therefore, with this form, immediate treatment is required.

Symptoms

If we talk about the symptoms of such a disease, then they are not expressed and depend on the localization of the process. For example, with the formation of growths in the nose, snoring, difficulty breathing and a sensation of incomprehensible foreign bodies in the nasal passages are noted.

Symptoms of ovarian polyposis will be as follows:

• menstrual irregularities;
• pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
• development of amenorrhea.

If the patient has a pathology of the cervix, she may complain of spotting in the middle of the cycle and immediately before menstruation. In addition, with ovarian polyposis, pain during sexual contact may be noted. Treatment of such a pathology must be carried out in a timely manner in order to avoid the development of complications such as bleeding or the degeneration of polyps into cancerous tumors.

Symptoms of such a pathology as rectal polyposis are characterized by pain during defecation, the appearance of blood streaks in the feces and the development of diarrhea or.

If the patient has diffuse polyposis, the symptoms may depend on the location of the neoplasms and the degree of development of the pathology. Usually diffuse polyposis occurs in childhood - small patients complain of abdominal pain, poor appetite and weight loss, stunting. In adulthood, the symptoms of this pathology are more pronounced - there is pain in the abdomen, impurities of mucus and blood in the feces, a periodic increase in body temperature, the development of anemia, and others.

Treatment

Treatment of any type of polyposis is exclusively surgical. It is assumed that after surgical excision of polyps, they are subject to cytological examination in order to identify atypical cells.

In cases where polyps are reborn, not only surgical treatment is required, but also treatment with chemotherapy drugs that can destroy atypical cells.

Women, if they have such a pathology as endometrial polyposis, are prescribed hormonal drugs - treatment is based on long-term use of oral contraceptives, as well as other hormonal drugs. With the adenomatous type of polyposis of the uterus, vagina, cervix and ovaries, treatment is carried out by only one method - the radical removal of the female reproductive organs.