Adenoids appear. Adenoids

Adenoids- This is a pathological process that occurs as a result of the growth of lymphoid and connective tissue in the nasopharynx. In the place where adenoid lymph formations are usually located, which serve to prevent the spread of infection in children from the upper respiratory (nose, sinuses) tract further into the body.

The disease often occurs among both boys and girls between the ages of three and fourteen or fifteen.

Anatomy and physiology of adenoids

Formations from the lymphoid tissue are also located at the transition of the oral and nasal cavities to the pharynx and larynx, respectively. It is this localization of these formations that makes it possible to more reliably prevent the infection from entering the body. Microbes from the air or from the food eaten, passing through the lymphatic follicles, are retained and destroyed.

Lymphoid tissue in these places is represented by connective tissue and lymphatic follicles. Together they form lobules and are called tonsils.
There are six lymphatic tonsils that together make up the lymphatic pharyngeal ring.

• lingual- located at the root of the tongue.
• Palatal- paired tonsils, which are located on both sides of the upper palate.
• Pipe- also paired tonsils, and are located slightly behind the palatine, at the start of the tubal passages connecting the oral cavity with the middle ear cavity.
• Nasopharyngeal - adenoids. They are located on the back wall of the nasopharynx, at the junction between the exit of the nasal cavity into the oral cavity.

Causes of inflammation of the adenoids

1. First of all, it is necessary to note the pathological processes that occur in the mother during pregnancy, as well as the presence of birth injuries that contribute to this disease.

1. The second category of causes appears in the process of child development, starting from the period of gradual maturation of the immune system (from about the age of three) and ending with adolescence (the period of gradual extinction of the physiological functions of the adenoids and their reduction in size). This category of causes includes all kinds of pathological processes occurring at the level of the nasopharynx (tonsillitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, etc.).
2. Allergic predisposition (lymphatic diathesis), chronic colds lead to inflammation of the adenoids, as the first immune organs on the path of infection throughout the body. Inflamed, the adenoids increase, and over time, the normal structure of the tissue changes. Adenoids grow and gradually close the lumen of the nasopharyngeal cavity, with all the ensuing symptoms.

Symptoms of inflammation of the adenoids

General symptoms are manifested by the fact that with a long course of the disease there is a constant lack of oxygen during breathing. As a result, the child begins to get tired early, delayed in physical and mental development. Increased drowsiness appears, memory abilities decrease. Children, especially at an early age, are whiny and irritable.

to local symptoms. include such disorders that occur as a result of the growth of the adenoids and, as a result, violations of the respiratory, auditory functions.

• First of all, it becomes difficult for the child to breathe through the nose. You can clearly see how he breathes through his open mouth.
• After difficulty in nasal breathing, night snoring or sniffling appears.
• When an infection is attached, symptoms of inflammation of the nose (rhinitis) and nasopharynx are found. Runny nose, sneezing, nasal discharge are all signs of rhinitis.
• The overgrown tonsils close the lumen of the canal that connects the oral cavity with the ear, as a result of which the patient has some hearing loss.
• Nasal or lowered timbre of the voice appear in those cases when the adenoids almost completely close the exit from the nasal cavity. Normally, when talking, the sound penetrates the paranasal sinuses and resonates, that is, it is amplified.
• Adenoid type of facial skeleton. A long-term open mouth during breathing, constant nasal congestion create conditions under which a special facial expression is formed, called adenoid. In a child, the facial skeleton gradually stretches, the upper jaw and nasal passages narrow, there is no complete closure of the lips, bite deformities appear. If this pathology is not recognized in time in childhood and appropriate measures are not taken, the indicated deformation of the skeleton in the form of an adenoid facial expression remains for the rest of life.

Diagnosis of adenoids

Initially, adenoids are suspected by identifying the clinical symptoms of the disease, such as nasal congestion and nasal congestion. In a chronic long-term course of the disease, a symptom of the adenoid type of face is clearly revealed.

More objective methods confirming the diagnosis include:

• Finger examination, in which the doctor roughly assesses the condition of the nasopharynx and the degree of enlargement of the adenoids by inserting the index finger into the child's mouth.
• Posterior rhinoscopy is a method in which the nasopharyngeal cavity is examined using a special miniature mirror. This method is not always successful because the speculum irritates the mucous membranes and can cause a gag reflex, or simply its diameter is larger when it enters the nasopharynx, especially in young children.
• The endoscopic method is the most informative, in terms of making an accurate diagnosis. To examine the oral cavity of the mouth and nasopharynx, a special device is used - an endoscope (rhinoscope), which magnifies and transmits a clear image to the monitor screen, allowing you to quickly and painlessly make the correct diagnosis. And also during endoscopic examination, concomitant pathological changes in the oral and nasal cavities are revealed.

Treatment of adenoids

conservative method
As mentioned above, it involves the use of medications. It is used in the initial stages of the development of the pathological process. To make a decision on the choice of this method of treatment, it is necessary to:

1. The degree of enlargement of the glands. As a rule, adenoids should not be too large, which corresponds to 1-2 degrees of hypertrophy (enlargement).
2. There should be no signs of chronic inflammation (redness, soreness, swelling, and others).
3. There are no functional disorders of the gland. (Normally, the adenoids contain lymphatic tissue that fights infection and prevents it from entering the body.)

1. Antihistamines, that is, those that reduce allergic reactions in the body. The mechanism of action of this group of drugs is to prevent the formation of biologically active substances, under the influence of which allergic and inflammatory reactions occur in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx. Antihistamines reduce swelling, pain, pathological discharge from the nose (mucus), in a word, they remove the effects of a runny nose (if present).

1. For topical use, antiseptic agents are used. For example, protargol, collargol contain microparticles of silver, which have a depressing effect on microbes.
2. To strengthen the immune system use the intake of multivitamin preparations.
3. Warming up, ultrasonic currents, and other physiotherapeutic procedures are carried out in conjunction with other general and local medicines.

• In cases where it is not possible to obtain favorable results from conservative treatment for a long time.
• With a significant proliferation of adenoids, corresponding to 3-4 stages of enlargement. Nasal breathing is so difficult that the child is constantly in an asphyxial state (from a lack of oxygen in the tissues of the body), metabolic processes and the functioning of the cardiovascular systems are disturbed.
• Enlarged, pathologically altered glands serve as a source of spread of various pathogenic bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci).

Removal of adenoids is a simple operation, and therefore, if there are no complications in the form of heavy bleeding, or an accidental entry of a piece of cut tissue into the respiratory tract, the child is allowed to go home a few hours after the operation.
The patient is recommended bed rest for one or two days, the food taken should be mashed and not hot. Sharp movements with increased physical activity limit.
Contraindications for adenotomy are:

• Blood diseases in which there is a high risk of postoperative complications in the form of bleeding or a sharp decrease in immunity with the addition of a secondary infection. These diseases include - hemophilia, hemorrhagic diathesis, leukemia.
• Severe violations of the functions of the cardiovascular system.
• Enlargement of the thymus. This gland is responsible for the immune response in the body and with its increase, the risk of excessive protective reactions increases with the development of inflammation in the nasopharynx, edema and blockage of the upper respiratory tract.
• Acute diseases of an infectious inflammatory nature, such as tonsillitis, bronchitis or pneumonia, also serve as a contraindication for the operation. Adenotomy in these cases is usually carried out 30-45 days after recovery.

Prevention of inflammation of the adenoids

• First, they take measures that increase the body's defenses. They include tempering procedures (rubbing with a wet towel, walking in the fresh air, active sports, and many others).
• The use of fresh vegetables and fruits will enrich the body with useful vitamins and essential minerals for the normal functioning of organs and systems, as well as further strengthen the immune status. In the spring, with a lack of fresh vegetables and fruits, they resort to the use of multivitamin preparations as a supplement to the basic diet.
• If, nevertheless, the child often suffers from colds of the upper respiratory tract (tonsillitis, sinusitis, rhinitis), it is necessary to take the appropriate treatment prescribed by the doctor in a timely manner in order to avoid the appearance of chronic forms of the course. Long-term and chronically ongoing inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract can be a source of pathological growth of the adenoids.

In combination with taking vitamin preparations, with chronic tonsillitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis, it is recommended to give the child drugs that increase the body's immune response. Herbal tea with echinacea extract has a pronounced stimulating effect aimed at strengthening the body's defenses. Of the medicinal drugs, drugs such as immunal, ribomunil and others are taken.

What are the degrees of development of adenoids?

Degrees of development of adenoids

Do adenoids occur in adults and how to treat them?

Adenoids can occur for various reasons. Most often, growths of the pharyngeal tonsil occur after prolonged inflammation of the nasal mucosa.

In adults, adenoids can occur in the following cases:

• chronic rhinitis;
• chronic sinusitis;
• the presence of adenoids in childhood.

Chronic sinusitis characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary or maxillary paranasal sinuses. Sinusitis can occur against the background of various infectious diseases ( most common in adults with influenza) and with a long course lead to inflammation of the adenoids. The main symptom of sinusitis is a feeling of heaviness or pain in the maxillary sinuses when the torso is tilted forward.

The presence of adenoids in childhood is also one of the reasons for the appearance of the growth of the pharyngeal tonsil at a later age. Adenoids can occur both after their removal and against the background of chronic diseases of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa. The fact is that even after the removal of adenoids in childhood, there is a possibility of their re-growth. As a rule, this situation arises due to an incorrectly performed surgical operation or due to a hereditary predisposition.

The method of treatment depends on the size of the adenoids or the degree of their growth.

The following degrees of growth of adenoids are distinguished:

• 1 degree of growth characterized by a slight increase in the size of the adenoids. In this case, the pharyngeal tonsil closes the upper part of the lumen of the nasal passages. As a rule, first-degree adenoids are practically not inconvenient, which makes them difficult to detect. The most common manifestation of small adenoids is the appearance of snoring during sleep. The fact is that during a long stay in a horizontal position, the adenoids increase in size and make it difficult to breathe through the nose. Most often, in this case, ENT doctors choose conservative treatment, and only in the absence of the necessary effect, adenoids are operated on.
• 2 degree of growth is an enlarged pharyngeal tonsil that covers half of the nasal passages. In this case, in addition to night snoring, suffocation may appear. Due to difficulty in nasal breathing during sleep, the mouth opens slightly, and the tongue may sink inward. Also, breathing through the nose becomes difficult not only at night, but also during the daytime. Inhalation of air through the mouth, especially in winter, causes various acute respiratory diseases ( ORZ). In most cases, grade 2 adenoids are treated only surgically.
• 3 degree of growth quite rare in adults. The pharyngeal tonsil in this case completely or almost completely closes the lumen of the nasal passages. Due to the significant growth, air does not enter the auditory tube, which is necessary to equalize the atmospheric pressure in the tympanic cavity ( middle ear cavity). Prolonged violation of the ventilation of the tympanic cavity leads to hearing loss, as well as to inflammatory processes in the middle ear cavity ( otitis media). Also, persons with grade 3 adenoids very often suffer from various infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. There is only one treatment in this case - surgical removal of the overgrown pharyngeal tonsil.

Is it possible to treat adenoids with folk remedies?

For the treatment of adenoids, the following traditional medicine can be used:

• Drops from St. John's wort and celandine. It is necessary to take 10 grams of St. John's wort and grind into powder. Next, you need to add 40 grams of butter, and then put in a water bath. For each teaspoon of this mixture, add 4-5 drops of celandine herb juice. A mixture of St. John's wort and celandine is instilled up to 4 times a day, 2-3 drops in each nostril. The duration of treatment is from 7 to 10 days. If necessary, the course of treatment should be repeated, but not earlier than after 14 days.
• Anise herb tincture. You should take 15 - 20 grams of dried anise grass and pour it with 100 milliliters of ethyl alcohol. Then insist 7 - 10 days in a dark place. In this case, it is necessary to shake the tincture thoroughly once a day. After 10 days, the contents should be filtered through gauze. Next, 300 milliliters of cold water is added to the tincture and 12-15 drops are instilled into each nasal passage 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 10 - 14 days.
• Beet juice. Honey is added to freshly squeezed beetroot juice in a ratio of 2:1. This mixture must be dripped up to 5 times a day in each nasal passage, 5-6 drops. The duration of treatment is 14 days.
• Collection of oak bark, St. John's wort and mint leaves. You should mix 2 tablespoons of oak bark, 1 tablespoon of mint leaves, and 1 tablespoon of St. John's wort. For each tablespoon of this collection, add 250 milliliters of cold water, then put on fire and bring to a boil. You need to boil for no more than 5 minutes, and then insist for 60 minutes. The resulting mixture should be instilled 3-5 drops 3 times a day. The course of treatment should be 7-10 days.
• Aloe juice. Freshly squeezed juice from aloe leaves must be mixed with filtered water in a 1: 1 ratio. This solution is instilled 2-3 drops every 4 hours. The duration of treatment should not exceed 10 days. If necessary, the course of treatment can be repeated after 14 days.
• Tui oil. Tui essential oil ( 15% solution) should be instilled 2-4 drops 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is 14 days. After a week break, the course of treatment should be repeated again.

Also, some medicinal plants, interacting with drugs prescribed by a doctor, can cause various adverse reactions. Based on this, if you intend to be treated with traditional medicine, you should consult with your doctor.

In what case is the removal of adenoids performed under anesthesia?

It should be noted that in recent years, some clinics have begun to use general anesthesia more often for operations on adenoids. This is due to the fact that under anesthesia the child does not experience huge psycho-emotional stress, which he could experience if the operation was performed without anesthesia. At the same time, anesthesia also has disadvantages. After anesthesia, various side effects may occur and persist for a long time ( headache, dizziness, nausea, muscle pain, allergic reactions, etc.).

It should be noted that adenotomy ( ) can be performed without anesthesia as such. This is possible due to the fact that the adenoids contain practically no pain receptors, and the operation to remove them in most cases is painless. At the same time, children of younger age groups need anesthesia due to their age ( a clear fixation of the child's head is necessary).

The choice of anesthesia for adenotomy is a critical step and should be carried out by an experienced ENT doctor. Factors such as the age of the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases of the cardiovascular or nervous system, the size of the adenoids, and others are taken into account.

When should adenoids be removed?

In the following cases, removal of the adenoids is a necessity:

• 2 - 3 degree of growth of adenoids. Depending on the size, 3 degrees of growth of adenoids are distinguished. Adenoids of the first degree are relatively small and cover only the upper part of the lumen of the nasal passages. Symptoms in this case are practically absent, and the main manifestation is sniffing or snoring during sleep. This is due to the fact that in a horizontal position, the pharyngeal tonsil increases somewhat in size and disrupts normal nasal breathing. Adenoids of the second degree are larger and can cover half or even two-thirds of the lumen of the nasal passages. Breathing through the nose in this case becomes difficult not only at night, but also during the daytime. With adenoids of the third degree, the pharyngeal tonsil completely or almost completely closes the lumen of the nasal passages. Due to the fact that nasal breathing becomes impossible, air can only enter through the mouth ( the air is not warmed and not cleaned). Grade 2 and 3 adenoids can significantly impair the quality of life and cause acute respiratory diseases, otitis media ( inflammation of the middle ear), hearing loss, as well as negatively affect mental abilities in childhood ( due to oxygen starvation of brain cells).
• Lack of positive results in the conservative treatment of adenoids. Adenoids of the first, and sometimes second degree, it is customary to begin to treat with medication. In this case, drugs are prescribed that help reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa, have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. If within 2-4 weeks there is no positive dynamics from the use of drugs, then, as a rule, they resort to surgical removal of the adenoids.
• Frequent infections of the respiratory system. Large adenoids can completely or almost completely close the lumen of the nasal passages, which disrupts nasal breathing. In this case, the air enters the respiratory tract not through the nose, but through the mouth, that is, it does not warm up and is not cleared of pathogens ( nasal secret contains enzymes with antibacterial action). In this case, favorable conditions are created for the occurrence of such infectious diseases as influenza, tonsillitis, bronchitis and pneumonia.
• Hearing impairment. An overgrowth of the pharyngeal tonsil can also adversely affect hearing. By closing the lumen of the nasal passages, the adenoids do not allow air to enter the auditory tube ( eustachian tube). The Eustachian tube is needed in order to balance the pressure in the tympanic cavity. In the absence of normal ventilation, hearing loss occurs, and conditions are created for the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the middle ear cavity.
• sleep apnea ( respiratory arrest). One of the manifestations of adenoid growths is a nocturnal cessation of breathing for more than 10 seconds ( apnea). Apnea occurs due to retraction of the root of the tongue. When breathing through the mouth, the lower jaw drops slightly, and the tongue can cause blockage of the larynx. With sleep apnea, children wake up tired and lethargic in the morning.
• Detection of adenoids in adults. Previously, it was believed that the growth of adenoids can occur only in childhood, and in adults the pharyngeal tonsil is in an atrophied state. At the moment, it has been established that adults, as well as children, can have adenoids, only they can be diagnosed due to the anatomical structure of the nasopharynx only using endoscopic examination ( inspection of the nasopharynx using a special flexible tube with an optical camera at the end). If adenoids are found in an adult patient, then, most likely, a surgical operation is necessary. The fact is that the use of a medical method of treatment at this age very rarely gives positive results.

It is also worth mentioning the fact that there are contraindications for the operation to remove adenoids.

There are the following contraindications to surgery to remove adenoids:

• pulmonary tuberculosis;
• hemophilia or other blood diseasesthat disrupt the clotting process;
• diabetes mellitus in the stage of decompensation;
• active infectious diseases of the respiratory system ( pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.) and nasopharynx;
• benign or malignant neoplasms ( tumors);
• anomalies in the development of the hard or soft palate.

Can thuja oil be used to treat adenoids?

The following three degrees of growth of adenoids are distinguished:

• 1 degree of growth adenoids is manifested by the fact that the pharyngeal tonsil closes only the upper third of the lumen of the nasal passages. At the same time, nasal breathing during the day is practically not disturbed, and the only symptom of small adenoids is nasal congestion at night. The fact is that with a long stay in a horizontal position, the adenoids increase somewhat. This is manifested by the appearance of snoring or snoring.
• 2 degree of growth characterized by a larger size of the pharyngeal tonsil. Adenoids of the second degree cover the choanae ( holes connecting the nose and throat) and coulter ( bone involved in the formation of the nasal septum) by half, or even not two-thirds. Nasal breathing becomes difficult not only at night, but also during the day. As a result, breathing is carried out through the mouth, which increases the likelihood of acute respiratory diseases, especially in winter. In addition, the voice also changes. He becomes nasal due to obstruction of the nose ( closed nasality).
• 3 degree of growth is adenoids of considerable size, which are completely or almost completely capable of closing the gaps of the nasal passages. With adenoids of such large sizes, nasal breathing is impossible. With prolonged breathing through the mouth, children develop the so-called "adenoid face" ( permanently open mouth, change in the shape of the face and upper jaw). Hearing loss also occurs due to a violation of the ventilation of the auditory tubes, which greatly complicates the conduction of sound vibrations from the eardrum to the labyrinth.

Therapeutic effect of thuja oil

Regardless of the size of the adenoids and symptoms, before using thuja oil, you should consult with an ENT doctor.

What can not be done after removal of adenoids?

After surgery to remove adenoids, a number of rules should be followed:

• Avoid taking medications containing acetylsalicylic acid. After adenotomy, during the first days, body temperature can rise up to 37.5 - 38ºС. To reduce fever, it is necessary to use only those drugs that do not contain acetylsalicylic acid ( aspirin). The fact is that this drug, in addition to antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory action, also has a blood-thinning effect ( slows down the rate of platelet aggregation). Due to the fact that after surgery there is a small chance of nosebleeds ( epistaxis), taking acetylsalicylic acid or its derivatives can significantly increase the occurrence of this complication. That is why during the first 10 days after adenotomy, aspirin and other medications that can thin the blood should be completely excluded.
• The use of vasoconstrictor drugs. After surgery, it is extremely important to reduce the swelling of the nasal mucosa. For this, as a rule, nasal drops with a vasoconstrictive effect are used ( galazolin, ximelin, sanorin, otrivin, etc.). Also, these nasal drops to a certain extent reduce the chance of nosebleeds. In addition, drugs that have an astringent ( reduces secretion), anti-inflammatory, as well as antiseptic action. This group includes drugs such as protargol, poviargol or collargol ( aqueous colloid solution containing silver).
• Dieting. It is equally important to follow a diet for 1-2 weeks after the operation, which excludes the intake of solid, unground, as well as hot food. Rough food can mechanically injure the nasopharyngeal mucosa, and excessively hot food leads to mucosal vasodilation, which can cause nosebleeds. Preference should be given to food with a liquid consistency, rich in all essential nutrients ( proteins, carbohydrates, fats), as well as vitamins and minerals.
• Avoid hot baths. In the first 3-4 days after adenotomy, it is forbidden to take a hot shower, bath, visit a sauna or bath, and also stay in the sun for a long time. This is due to the fact that under the influence of high temperatures, the vessels of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx can expand, which increases the likelihood of bleeding.
• Limitation of physical activity. Within 2 to 3 weeks after surgical removal of the adenoids, physical activity should be completely excluded. This is due to the fact that during physical exertion in the postoperative period, nosebleeds may occur. It is best to refrain from physical education for up to 4 weeks.

Is it possible to cure adenoids without resorting to surgery?

A conservative method of treatment is resorted to in the following cases:

• Small adenoids. In total, there are three degrees of growth of adenoids. The first degree of growth is characterized by the fact that the size of the adenoids is relatively small and the pharyngeal tonsil ( adenoids) closes the lumen of the nasal passages only in the upper part. Adenoids of the second degree, in turn, are larger and are able to close two-thirds of the lumen of the nasal passages. If the pharyngeal tonsil completely or almost completely covers the vomer ( bone that forms part of the nasal septum) and choanae ( holes through which the pharynx communicates with the nasal passages), then in this case we are talking about adenoids of the third degree. Drug treatment is carried out only when the pharyngeal tonsil is relatively small, which corresponds to the first degree of adenoid proliferation. A conservative method of treatment can be applied to the growth of adenoids of the second degree, but the probability of recovery in this case is less than 50%.
• Absence of the expressed disturbances of nasal breath. The main manifestation of adenoids is a violation of nasal breathing due to the closure of the lumen of the nasal passages. Also, normal nasal breathing is disturbed due to frequent stuffing of the nose and the release of a copious and viscous secret that fills the nasal passages. In this case, breathing through the nose is impossible. The air enters the respiratory system through the mouth and is not warmed, not humidified and may contain various microorganisms. Violation of nasal breathing, especially in winter, significantly increases the likelihood of infectious diseases such as pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia and influenza. Also a dangerous violation of nasal breathing is the appearance of sleep apnea ( respiratory arrest). During sleep, when breathing is performed through the mouth, the lower jaw drops slightly, which can lead to tongue retraction.
• No hearing loss. An increase in the size of the pharyngeal tonsil can lead to the closure of the lumen of the auditory tubes and disruption of its ventilation. In the future, this is manifested by a decrease in hearing due to a violation of the conduction of sound vibrations from the eardrum to the labyrinth. Also, a violation of the ventilation of the Eustachian tube often causes catarrhal otitis media ( inflammation of the tympanic cavity).
• Absence of frequent inflammation of the nasal mucosa. With the growth of adenoids of the first degree, swelling and inflammation of the nasal mucosa occurs extremely rarely. Adenoids of the second and third degree, in turn, lead to chronic rhinitis ( inflammation of the nasal mucosa), in which the secretion of viscous and thick mucus occurs, closing the lumen of the nasal passages. In this case, nasal breathing becomes impossible both at night and during the daytime. Against the background of chronic rhinitis, various acute respiratory diseases can occur, since air enters the lungs through the mouth.

Medical treatment of adenoids

It should be noted that the choice of treatment depends on many parameters and only an experienced ENT doctor decides which treatment tactics are appropriate in each case.

Can adenoids be treated with a laser?

Laser therapy is carried out using high-precision and modern equipment. Low-intensity laser radiation affects not only the tissues of the pharyngeal tonsil ( adenoids), but also on the surrounding vessels and the nasal mucosa. Laser therapy reduces swelling of the nasal mucosa, reduces the severity of the inflammatory process and has an antibacterial effect. At the same time, to a certain extent, under the action of laser radiation, local immunity is stimulated ( increased production of immune system cells). The standard course of laser therapy lasts, on average, from 7 to 15 sessions, which should be carried out daily. It is recommended to repeat the course of treatment 3-4 times a year.

Also, laser therapy can and should be combined with conservative ( medication) method of treatment of adenoids. In most cases, vasoconstrictor drugs are used ( to eliminate mucosal edema), antihistamines ( with allergic processes), as well as drugs that have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and astringent effects ( reduce secretion production).

It should be noted that this non-invasive ( without disruption of tissue integrity) method of treatment has a large number of advantages.

Advantages and disadvantages of laser therapy in the treatment of adenoids

Adenoids are a special tissue located in the nasopharynx. The palatine tonsils, lingual tonsil, tubal ridges located in the nasopharynx and surrounding the mouths of the auditory tubes consist of similar tissue. Also, the lymph nodes of the neck are included in the system of lymphatic tissue of the upper respiratory tract.

In children, lymphoid tissue is gradually replaced by connective tissue with age. To a greater extent, adenoids are subject to this process, therefore, by adolescence, they “resolve” in most children. The presence of hypertrophied adenoids in adults is considered a pathology and in most cases requires removal.

Can adenoids be treated?

It is important to separate hypertrophy (enlargement) of the adenoids and adenoiditis (inflammation of the adenoids). Unfortunately, there are no drugs that can effectively "resolve" hypertrophied adenoids. Most of the drugs prescribed for children with hypertrophied adenoids are for the treatment of adenoiditis.

Local hormonal preparations are often prescribed to help reduce swelling of the adenoids and improve nasal breathing. In case of severe bacterial inflammation in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, antibiotics (topically) may be prescribed in combination with hormonal therapy for the treatment of adenoiditis. These drugs should be used in short courses, as long-term use can damage the normal flora of the nasal cavity.

A positive effect is the use of saline solutions. These solutions cleanse the nasal cavity of mucus, improve the condition of the nasal mucosa and nasopharynx, help remove allergens and microbes from the nasal cavity. It is not recommended to use active lavages, in which fluid enters the nasal cavity under high pressure, they can affect the development of complications of adenoiditis - primarily acute otitis media.

When should adenoids be removed?

By itself, adenoid hypertrophy is not an indication for.

The reasons for the increase in adenoids may be their individual characteristics, past viral infections, allergic reactions. main symptom enlarged adenoids is the deterioration of nasal breathing. As a result of a prolonged violation of nasal breathing in childhood, the formation of the facial skeleton may be disrupted and an abnormal bite may form. In some cases, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome develops, as a result of which the quality of night sleep is disturbed. In patients with this syndrome, the duration of the deep sleep phase is sharply reduced, as a result, the child does not get enough sleep. Such children often suffer from attention deficit and are observed by psychologists.

A separate group of complications of adenoid hypertrophy is infectious complications. Recurrent acute otitis media and sinusitis (sinusitis, ethmoiditis) in most cases are the result of chronic adenoiditis, when the adenoids are a kind of "reservoir" of infection, from where it can spread to the paranasal sinuses and middle ear.

Another common complication of adenoid hypertrophy is exudative otitis media. This is a special form of otitis media, in which there are no pain sensations and general signs of inflammation (for example, fever). With exudative otitis in the cavities of the middle ear, fluid forms behind the eardrum. Often, children suffering from exudative otitis do not feel any symptoms, meanwhile, the examination shows hearing loss (hearing loss of 1-2 degrees). It is important to remember that if exudative otitis media is not treated for more than a few months, persistent hearing loss may develop, which may persist after the symptoms of inflammation in the middle ear stop.

In the case of the development of one or more of the listed complications, surgical treatment is indicated. Conservative treatment in such cases is not justified, as it can lead to worsening of symptoms and the development of irreversible changes in the middle ear and paranasal sinuses.

Opponents of adenotomy believe that adenoids cannot be removed, since there is nothing superfluous in the body. One cannot but agree with this statement. However, adenoids are not the only accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the upper respiratory tract. Removal of adenoids leads to the loss of a small part of the lymphoid tissue, which does not adversely affect the functioning of the entire system and does not cause a “weakening” of local immunity.

Diagnostics in EMC

Adenoids are located in the nasopharynx - an area difficult to access for inspection. Therefore, X-ray methods of examination and endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity are used to diagnose adenoid hypertrophy. The EMC Children's Clinic (Moscow) uses both methods. For endoscopic examination of the nasopharynx, special children's flexible endoscopes are used, the thickness of which is slightly more than 2 mm. Such equipment allows you to painlessly and quickly examine even the smallest patients.

The second stage of diagnosis is radiological methods. Depending on the presence of concomitant pathology (otitis or inflammation in the paranasal sinuses), an x-ray or computed tomography of the sinuses can be performed. These studies allow us to assess not only the size of the adenoids, but also the state of the surrounding structures. All studies are carried out on modern equipment and are absolutely harmless.

The use of both methods allows you to get the maximum amount of information and choose the right treatment tactics - surgical or conservative.

How is the operation in EMC?

There are many different techniques for removing adenoid tissue (adenotomy). In our clinic, adenotomy is performed using both a traditional adenotomy and a microdebridor, depending on the location, extent of the adenoid tissue, and structural features of the nasopharynx. The operation is performed on the child in a state of safe medical sleep through the mouth, with careful visual control. Various types of endoscopes, surgical microscope or mirror optics are used for visualization. With this method, maximum control over the completeness of the removal of adenoids is achieved. Then coagulation is carried out, which provides reliable prevention of postoperative bleeding.

How is the postoperative period?

In our clinic, the child sees his parents immediately after waking up from drug sleep. Thus, psychological trauma from surgical intervention is minimized.

After adenotomy, the child is observed in a comfortable hospital for 6-7 hours, and, in the absence of complications, is discharged home. In the coming days after the operation, it is recommended to limit physical activity and exclude thermal procedures (hot baths, baths). In some cases, a short course of antibiotics is prescribed after surgery to prevent infectious complications.

Benefits of treating adenoids in EMC

The EMC Children's Clinic has accumulated extensive experience in the treatment of children with adenoid hypertrophy and adenoiditis. We achieve high results thanks to an individual approach to each patient and thorough diagnostics using modern technologies. In their work, the doctors of the Children's Clinic follow international standards and prescribe only those drugs whose effectiveness and safety have been proven.

If surgical treatment is necessary, its safety is achieved through a thorough preoperative examination, surgery under general anesthesia and with constant endoscopic control, and dynamic postoperative monitoring.

The high professionalism of doctors, modern equipment, individual approach and compliance with international therapy protocols are the key to high efficiency and safety of treatment of adenoid diseases in our clinic.

Adenoids in 70% of cases are found in children under 8 years of age and occupy the first place among otolaryngological pathologies. Only in 30% of cases the disease is registered at an older age. Starting from the age of 10, the tonsil begins to gradually sclerosis, so the incidence decreases.

The causes of adenoids in children are quite diverse, and it is rather difficult to single out any particular one in each case.

Pharyngeal together with other tonsils (palatine, lingual, and tubal) form a lymphoid ring. It plays a huge role in protecting the body from the penetration of microbes.

Under normal conditions, the tonsil is small, but under the influence of adverse causes, tissue hyperplasia occurs.

Where do adenoids come from?

1. lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis, which is characterized by the growth of the tonsil and systemic lymphadenopathy;
2. endocrine dysfunction (hypothyroidism);
3. intrauterine infections;
4. periods of formation of immune reactivity;
5. taking medications during pregnancy;
6. toxic substances, radiation;
7. chronic foci of infection (sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis);
8. transferred acute infections (ARVI, scarlet fever, rubella);
9. specific infections (tuberculosis, syphilis);
10. hypovitaminosis;
11. allergic reactions;
12. malnutrition;
13. unfavorable environmental conditions.

In children, adenoids often develop in parallel with frequent tonsillitis. Due to the increased infectious load, the amygdala cannot cope with the opposition and begins to grow.

Over time, it is the hyperplastic lymphoid tissue that becomes a chronic focus of infection, keeping microbes in gaps and folds.

Diathesis in children

Lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis is very common in children, but not all parents know that a child has such features of the lymphatic system. Adenoids in children with diathesis are quite common. The development of diathesis occurs due to hyperplasia of lymphoid tissues and disruption of the endocrine glands.

In severe cases, the pathology is manifested by thymomegaly, which means an increase in the size of the thymus. This is recorded in 80% of cases of diathesis. Normally, the thymus gland enlarges until the age of puberty and gradually begins to atrophy. With diathesis, its reverse development is extremely slow.

On the one hand, it would seem that more cells of the lymphatic system - more powerful protection. But this opinion is wrong. A large number of cells that make up the tissue of a hyperplastic tonsil or thymus are immature structures. Because of this, they are unable to perform a protective function.

The exact causes of diathesis have not yet been determined. Quite often it is recorded in debilitated and premature babies. An important role is played by chronic endocrine dysfunction and pathology of labor in the mother (premature rupture of water, fetal hypoxia, birth weakness).

There are no specific symptoms that make it possible to suspect a pathology. Allocate only a set of physiological and pathological features that indirectly indicate disorders in the lymphatic system. Children have:

• overweight, while already from birth the fullness of the child is noticeable;
• tender skin, pallor;
• increased sweating, moisture of the palms, feet;
• lethargy, inactivity;
• irritability;
• nasal congestion, difficulty swallowing;
• inattention, poor school performance;
• frequent allergies, obstructive bronchitis.

With the help of ultrasound examination, the doctor detects an increase in all organs that have lymphoid tissue. Usually, diathesis is suspected after adenoids are detected, so parents first encounter signs of adenoiditis.

If the amygdala is enlarged in the absence of an acute infection in the body, imagine what it becomes with a cold or flu. First of all, hearing and nasal breathing suffer, because the growths become swollen, blocking the lumen of the auditory tube and nasal passages.

Hypovitaminosis

Another cause of adenoids is a lack of vitamins. Vitamin deficiency states develop due to poor nutrition, improper cooking, malabsorption and increased consumption of vitamins. Sweets and rich products loved by children, except for pleasure, do not bring any benefit. The same cannot be said about fruits, vegetables, fish and dairy products.

Under stress (exams, competitions), the need for vitamins increases by more than half. The same goes for the cold season.

What should be done to avoid hypovitaminosis, thereby reducing the risk of adenoids?

• eat enough protein, fresh vegetables and fruits;
• limit the consumption of fats, muffins;
• control physical activity;
• timely treat diseases of the digestive tract and endocrine glands;
• spend enough time outdoors and under the sun in the morning and evening.

Critical periods of childhood

Lymphoid formations can increase during periods of reduced immunity, when the child's body becomes vulnerable:

1. the first two periods take place in the first year of life. The body encounters microbes for the first time. Protection in this case is provided by maternal antibodies. With frequent attacks of pathogens, primary defects in immunity appear;
2. the third period takes the second year of life, when maternal protection is no longer available, and immature immunity tries to cope with the infection on its own. The period is characterized by viral and bacterial diseases;
3. the fourth critical period falls on 4-6 years. It is characterized by frequent atopic and autoimmune diseases. It is this time that is considered the most dangerous for hyperplasia of lymphoid formations.

We emphasize that the immunity of children, although imperfect, is still able to withstand many microbes. Failure in his work occurs due to the negative impact of provoking factors (poor nutrition, living conditions, heavy physical activity).

Chronic infections

An increased volume of lymphoid tissue is observed with prolonged infectious pathologies. To combat microbes, lymphoid structures such as the tonsils undergo some changes. They are associated with hypertrophic processes in the tonsils, due to which their function is impaired.

Such a reaction of the lymphatic system is observed in chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis and caries. Pathogenic microorganisms hide in the gaps and folds of the mucous membranes, supporting the inflammatory process.

It is not always possible to suspect adenoids symptomatically, since during a routine examination, the pharyngeal tonsil is not visible, and clinical signs overlap with manifestations of pharyngitis or sinusitis.

The tendency to adenoids is greatest in children who have the following symptoms:

• sore throat when swallowing or talking;
• perspiration in the oropharynx;
• dry type cough;
• subfebrile hyperthermia;
• general symptoms of intoxication (malaise, drowsiness).

It is also worth highlighting a group of children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections, tonsillitis, especially a chronic course. Pathological changes occur not only in the oropharyngeal mucosa, but also in the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils.

If a child develops nasal congestion against the background of pharyngitis, which does not go away for a long time, it is worth consulting a doctor for the presence of adenoids.

Treatment in this case is carried out comprehensively, aimed at reducing the size of the adenoids and sanitation of chronic foci of infection in the nasopharynx and pharynx. Given the age of the patient, the severity of the chronic disease and the degree of hypertrophy of the tonsils, the doctor may prescribe:

• antibacterial agents (according to the results of the antibiogram);
• gargling with solutions with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory action, as well as washing the lacunae in a medical institution. This allows you to eliminate the infection and reduce the severity of intoxication. Procedures are carried out with furacilin, miramistin, chlorhexidine or soda-saline solution;
• washing of the nasal cavities. For this purpose, sea water (aqua maris, no-salt) or herbal decoctions (chamomile) are used; antihistamines (claritin, loratadine) to reduce tissue swelling;
• lymphotropic homeopathic remedies (lymphomyosot); vitamin and mineral complexes.

Allergic predisposition

Often, children with frequent allergies suffer from adenoids. Allergens are several factors at once, for example, wool, citrus fruits, certain drugs, pollen and hygiene products. Allergies are manifested as local symptoms in the form of rashes, itching, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, redness and swelling of the skin, as well as general signs. The child may have a slight increase in temperature, sneezing, coughing and malaise.

The tendency to allergies also manifests itself in the form of lymphadenopathy, which is why adenoids are often detected in allergic people. To alleviate the condition, the contact of the child with the allergen is necessarily excluded, after which various drugs are prescribed:

• sorbents (enterosgel, atoxil);
• antihistamines (erius, suprastin), which reduce the hypersensitization of the body;
• hormonal drugs (in severe cases);
• lymphotropic drugs (lymphomyosot).

To speed up the elimination and prevent further absorption of allergic products, enemas may be performed and plenty of fluids may be prescribed.

Causes of adenoids

Why did the child's adenoids increase? This question interests many parents when the doctor diagnoses "adenoids".

Some wonder what could be the cause, because the food is normal and the child does not often get sick, and the adenoids appeared from somewhere. There are many factors that lead to the growth of lymphoid tissue.

We have analyzed the most common causes. Now we list what else can provoke a pathology:

1. genetic inheritance. Where without her? The predisposition to certain diseases can be passed on from generation to generation and almost nothing can break the chain. The only way out is the observance of preventive measures literally from the birth of a child, which will reduce the risk of developing the disease or facilitate its course. It is quite difficult to avoid the appearance of adenoids if they are present in both parents;
2. congenital or acquired pathological conditions associated with immunodeficiency. This applies to the period of intrauterine development, when infectious diseases in a pregnant woman, bad habits and taking certain drugs can disrupt the laying and formation of organs, including immunity;
3. diseases of the circulatory system, when immature forms of cells that are unable to perform their functions are detected in the blood;
4. decreased immunity after infectious diseases, such as chickenpox or measles;
5. frequent hypothermia, SARS or tonsillitis;
6. diseases of the respiratory system of a systemic autoimmune nature, for example, cystic fibrosis;
7. anomalies in the development of the facial skeleton, nasal septum and passages;
8. overfeeding a child leads to regular regurgitation of excess food. Acid has an irritating effect on the nasopharyngeal mucosa, causing changes in it and the tonsil;
9. adverse environmental conditions. This applies to dust, dry air and industrial waste pollution. In addition, in conditions of high humidity, when the room is not ventilated, the risk of infectious diseases increases.

Separately, idiopathic hyperplasia of the tonsil is distinguished, when, in the absence of the influence of negative factors and concomitant diseases, lymphoid overgrowth occurs.

Prevention of adenoids

So that the adenoids have nowhere to come from, you must follow simple recommendations:

1. increased immune defense. Immunity is strengthened in the process of hardening the body. It is carried out by rubbing with warm water and with the help of regular walks in the fresh air;
2. limiting communication with people suffering from an infectious pathology. You need to be especially careful during the epidemic, why once again expose yourself to infection;
3. the use of fresh vegetables, fruits, dairy products, fish, meat and cereals;
4. sanatorium-resort rest in mountainous, forest or sea areas;
5. sports activities and breathing exercises;
6. regular visits to the dentist;
7. timely treatment of chronic infections.

Strong immunity of the child is not only his health, but the peace and joy of the parents.

Adenoids(glands) are defective changes in the pharyngeal tonsil. They usually occur after past infections (measles, scarlet fever, influenza, diphtheria) or are hereditary defects. More common in children 3-10 years old.

Your baby does not get out of the snot and constantly sits on sick leave? It is possible that the basis of health problems is the growth of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, in other words, adenoid vegetations. We will talk about one of the most popular medical problems among those faced by most parents of kindergarten children: to remove or not to remove adenoids.

Symptoms of adenoids

The disease proceeds slowly, unobtrusively, one gets the impression: is it a disease at all? Most often, adenoids are manifested by the fact that the child often catches a cold, and parents often have to "sit on sick leave", which eventually causes trouble at work. In most cases, it is this circumstance that makes you see a doctor. And in general, the reasons for contacting an otorhinolaryngologist about adenoids are worthy of talking about them separately. They are very unusual.

For example, the second most common reason for visiting a doctor is the spontaneous dissatisfaction of the grandmother, who came from the village, with the child's breath. Well, I don't like it. Then comes the accidental detection of something incomprehensible in the nasopharynx during a medical examination in kindergarten. And only in fourth place are complaints of a medical nature brought to the doctor. By the way, it is this contingent, which is only in fourth place in terms of seeking medical attention, that deserves real attention.

Adenoids are not visible to the "naked" eye - only an ENT doctor can examine the nasopharyngeal tonsil using a special mirror.

For some, they cause a lot of problems. Although originally intended to protect. The nasopharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids, hold the first line of defense against microbes that seek to enter the body with the air inhaled through the nose. On their way, there is a kind of filter in the form of adenoids. Special cells (lymphocytes) are produced there, which neutralize microorganisms.

This restless organ reacts to any inflammation. During the disease, the adenoids increase. When the inflammatory process passes, they return to normal. If the interval between diseases is too short (a week or less), the adenoids do not have time to decrease, they are constantly inflamed. Such a mechanism (“they don’t have time all the time”) leads to the fact that the adenoids grow even more. Sometimes they "swell" to such an extent that they almost completely block the nasopharynx. The consequences are obvious - difficulty in nasal breathing and hearing loss. If they are not stopped in time, adenoids can cause changes in the shape of the face, bite, blood composition, curvature of the spine, speech disorders, kidney function, and urinary incontinence.

Troubles adenoids deliver, as a rule, to children. In adolescence (13–14 years), the adenoid tissue decreases on its own to a small size and does not complicate life in any way. But this is if from the very beginning the problem that arose was treated professionally. Usually errors start from the moment of diagnosis.

Adenoids, or more correctly - adenoid vegetations (adenoid growths) - a widespread disease among children from 1 year to 14-15 years. It most often occurs between the ages of 3 and 7 years. Currently, there is a tendency to identify adenoids in children of an earlier age.

Signs of adenoids

The child breathes through his mouth, which is often open, especially at night.

There is no runny nose, and nasal breathing is difficult.

Prolonged runny nose, which is difficult to treat.

What are adenoids fraught with?

Hearing impairment. Normally, the difference between the external atmospheric pressure and the internal pressure in the middle ear cavity is regulated by the auditory (Eustachian) tube. An enlarged nasopharyngeal tonsil blocks the mouth of the auditory tube, making it difficult for air to pass freely into the middle ear. As a result, the eardrum loses its mobility, which affects the auditory sensations.

Quite often in children, due to overgrown adenoids, hearing is impaired. You should not be afraid of such violations, since they disappear completely, as soon as the cause is eliminated. Hearing loss can be of varying degrees. With adenoids - hearing loss to moderate severity.

You can also check if a child has a hearing impairment at home using the so-called whispered speech. Normally, a person hears a whisper across the room (six or more meters). When your child is busy playing, try calling out in a whisper from a distance of at least six meters. If the child heard you and turned around, his hearing is within the normal range. If you didn’t respond, call again - maybe the baby is too passionate about the game, and the problem at the moment is not at all a hearing impairment. But if he does not hear you, come a little closer - and so on until the child definitely hears you. You will know the distance from which the child hears whispered speech. If this distance is less than six meters and you are sure that the child did not respond to your voice, not because he was too carried away, but precisely because of hearing loss, you should urgently seek medical advice. The urgency is explained by the fact that hearing impairment occurs due to various reasons (not only through the fault of the adenoids). One of the reasons is neuritis. If the neuritis has just begun, the matter can still be corrected, but if you delay, the child may remain deaf for life.

As a rule, there are simultaneously enlarged adenoids and hypertrophied tonsils. Moreover, the tonsils in some children are so enlarged that they almost close with each other; it is understandable that a child with such tonsils has trouble swallowing food. But the main thing is that the child is not able to breathe freely either through the nose or through the mouth.

And it often happens that breathing difficulties cause the baby to wake up at night. He wakes up in fear that he will suffocate. Such a child is more likely than other children to be nervous and without mood. It is necessary to immediately consult with an otolaryngologist, who will decide when and where to remove the adenoids and cut the tonsils.

Overly enlarged adenoids and tonsils can also cause bedwetting in a child. One or two nightly "troubles" that happened to the child do not yet mean bedwetting. But if this phenomenon is observed constantly, you should consult a doctor.

Frequent colds. Persistent colds are due to the fact that the child cannot breathe freely through the nose. Normally, the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses produces mucus, which "cleanses" the nasal cavity from bacteria, viruses and other disease-causing factors. If a child has an obstacle to the flow of air in the form of adenoids, the outflow of mucus is difficult, and favorable conditions are created for the development of infection and the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.

Adenoiditis is a chronic inflammation of the nasopharyngeal tonsils. Adenoids, making nasal breathing difficult, not only contribute to the occurrence of inflammatory diseases, but in themselves are a good environment for the attack of bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the tissue of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, as a rule, is in a state of chronic inflammation. Microbes and viruses get a “permanent residence permit” in it. There is a so-called focus of chronic infection, from which microorganisms can spread throughout the body.

Decreased school performance. It has been proven that when nasal breathing is difficult, the human body does not receive up to 12-18% oxygen. Therefore, in a child suffering from difficulty in nasal breathing due to adenoids, there is a constant lack of oxygen, and, above all, the brain suffers.

Speech disorders. In the presence of adenoids in a child, the growth of the bones of the facial skeleton is disrupted. This, in turn, can adversely affect the formation of speech. The child does not pronounce individual letters, constantly speaks through the nose (nasal). Parents often do not notice these changes, as they "get used" to the pronunciation of the child.

Frequent otitis. Adenoid growths disrupt the normal functioning of the middle ear, as they block the mouth of the auditory tube. This creates favorable conditions for the penetration and development of infection in the middle ear.

Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract - pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis. With the growth of adenoid tissue, chronic inflammation develops in it. This leads to the constant production of mucus or pus that drains into the underlying parts of the respiratory system. Passing through the mucous membrane, they cause inflammatory processes - pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx), laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx), tracheitis (inflammation of the trachea) and bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi).

These are only the most noticeable and frequent disorders that occur in the body of a child in the presence of adenoid vegetations. In fact, the range of pathological changes that cause adenoids is much wider. This should include changes in the composition of the blood, developmental disorders of the nervous system, impaired renal function, etc.

As a rule, one of these symptoms is enough to establish a diagnosis and carry out adequate therapeutic measures.

Diagnosis of adenoids

It is necessary to treat adenoids, since prolonged shallow and frequent breathing through the mouth causes abnormal development of the chest and leads to anemia. In addition, due to constant oral breathing in children, the growth of the bones of the face and teeth is disrupted and a special adenoid type of face is formed: the mouth is half open, the lower jaw becomes elongated and sagging, and the upper incisors protrude significantly.

If you find one of the above signs in your child, contact an ENT doctor without delay. In case of detection of grade I adenoids without severe respiratory disorders, conservative treatment of adenoids is carried out - instillation of a 2% solution of protargol into the nose, taking vitamins C and D, calcium preparations.

The operation - adenotomy - is not needed by all children, and should be carried out according to strict indications. As a rule, surgical intervention is recommended in case of a significant proliferation of lymphoid tissue (adenoids of II-III degree) or in case of serious complications - hearing loss, nasal breathing disorders, speech disorders, frequent colds, etc.

False diagnostics

The reason for an incorrect diagnosis can be both the overconfidence of the ENT doctor (a child entered the office, his mouth is open: “Ah, everything is clear, these are adenoids. Operation!”), And a lack of knowledge. The fact that the child does not breathe through the nose is not always the fault of the adenoids. The cause may be allergic and vasomotor rhinitis, deviated septum, even a tumor. Of course, an experienced doctor can determine the degree of the disease by pronunciation, voice timbre, nasal speech. But you can't rely on it.

A reliable picture of the disease can only be obtained after examining the child. The oldest method of diagnosis, which, however, is most often used in children's clinics, is a digital examination. They climb into the nasopharynx with their fingers and feel the tonsil. The procedure is very painful and subjective. One finger is like this, and the other is like this. One climbed in: "Yes, adenoids." And the other did not feel anything: "Well, what are you, there are no adenoids there." The child sits all in tears, and then he will not open his mouth to another doctor - it hurts. The method of posterior rhinoscopy is also unpleasant - “sticking” a mirror deep into the oral cavity (children have an urge to vomit). The diagnosis is again made mostly on the basis of an X-ray of the nasopharynx, which only allows us to determine the degree of enlargement of the adenoids and does not give an idea of ​​the nature of their inflammation and the relationship with neighboring important structures in the nasopharynx, which in no case can be damaged during surgery. This could have been done 30-40 years ago. Modern methods are painless and allow you to accurately determine the size of the adenoids and whether they need surgical treatment. It can be computed tomography or endoscopy. A tube (endoscope) connected to a video camera is inserted into the nasal cavity. As the tube moves deeper into the monitor, all the "secret" areas of the nose and nasopharynx are displayed.

The adenoids themselves can also be misleading. Common situation. When does a mother with a child come to the doctor? Usually a week after the illness: “Doctor, we don’t get out of the “hospital”! Every month we have conjunctivitis, then otitis media, then tonsillitis, then sinusitis. In the clinic they take a picture: the adenoids are enlarged. (What is natural during the inflammatory process!) They write: operation. And 2-3 weeks after the disease, if the child does not pick up a new infection, the adenoids return to normal. Therefore, if the clinic told you that the child has adenoids and they must be removed, consider consulting another doctor. The diagnosis may not be confirmed.

Another common mistake: if the adenoids are removed, the child will no longer get sick. It is not true. Indeed, an inflamed tonsil is a serious focus of infection. Therefore, neighboring organs and tissues are also at risk - microbes can easily move there. But you can not cut off the infection with a knife. It will still “come out” in another place: in the paranasal sinuses, in the ear, in the nose. Infection can be detected, identified, tested, drug susceptibility determined, and only then treated with a greater likelihood that the disease will be defeated. Adenoids are removed not because the child is sick. And only when they impede nasal breathing, lead to complications in the form of sinusitis, sinusitis, otitis media.

For children with severe allergic diseases, especially bronchial asthma, surgery is often contraindicated. Removal of the nasopharyngeal tonsil can lead to deterioration and exacerbation of the disease. Therefore, they are treated conservatively.

To remove or not to remove adenoids

Special medical literature describes that the presence of adenoids in a child is fraught with serious complications. Prolonged obstruction of natural breathing through the nose can lead to a delay in psychomotor development, to the incorrect formation of the facial skeleton. A persistent violation of nasal breathing contributes to a deterioration in the ventilation of the paranasal sinuses with the possible development of sinusitis. Hearing may be impaired. The child often complains of pain in the ear, the risk of developing a chronic inflammatory process and persistent hearing loss is increased. To top it off, frequent colds, which seem endless to parents, incline the doctor to drastic measures. The traditional method of treating children with adenoids is extremely simple - their removal, or adenotomy. More specifically, we are talking about the partial removal of an excessively enlarged pharyngeal tonsil. It is this enlarged tonsil, which is located in the nasopharynx at the exit from the nasal cavity, that is considered the cause of the child's problems.

Adenotomy, it can be said without exaggeration, is today the most common surgical operation in pediatric otorhinolaryngological practice. However, few people know that it was proposed back in the time of Emperor Nicholas I and has not changed at all until now. But the effectiveness of the treatment of adenoids in this way has even worsened somewhat due to the too wide distribution of various allergies in modern children. So really, since that distant time, nothing new has appeared in medical science? Appeared. A lot has changed. But, unfortunately, the approach to treatment has remained purely mechanistic - an increase in the organ, like one and a half hundred years ago, encourages doctors to remove it.

Try asking your doctor why this ill-fated tonsil has grown, which interferes with nasal breathing so much, causes so many problems and requires surgical treatment, and even with little or no anesthesia. I'm interested in what they answer. Firstly, a sensible answer to this question requires a lot of time, which a doctor does not have, and secondly, and this is very sad, information about the latest scientific developments has become practically inaccessible due to the huge high cost. It so happened, and perhaps it is partly correct, that doctors and their patients are located, as they say, "on opposite sides of the counter." There is information for doctors, there is information for patients, in the end it turns out that doctors have their own truth, and patients have their own.

Treatment of adenoids

When the question arises about the need for adenotomy, it must be emphasized that the most acceptable approach here is the principle of "step by step". Adenotomy is not an urgent operation, it can always be postponed for some time in order to use this delay for more gentle treatment methods. For adenotomy, it is necessary, as they say, to "ripen" both the child, and the parents, and the doctor. It is possible to talk about the need for surgical treatment only when all non-surgical measures have been used, but there is no effect. In any case, it is also impossible to correct violations of the finest mechanisms of immune regulation with a knife, just as it is impossible to eliminate a software failure in a computer with a saw and an ax. With a knife, you can only try to prevent complications, so before you take it, you need to make sure that there is a tendency for their development.

It should be noted that adenotomy is very dangerous to perform at an early age. All scientific journals write that before the age of five, any surgical intervention on the tonsils is generally undesirable. It must be borne in mind that with age, the tonsils themselves decrease in volume. In a person's life there is a certain time period when the body is actively getting acquainted with the surrounding microflora, and the tonsils work to their fullest, they can increase slightly.

In the treatment of such patients, the most ancient medical principle, which establishes a hierarchy of therapeutic effects, is the best suited: the word, the plant, the knife. In other words, of paramount importance is a comfortable psychological atmosphere surrounding the child, a reasonable passage through various colds without loss of immunity, non-surgical methods of treatment, and only at the very last stage adenotomy. This principle should be used for all diseases without exception, however, modern medicine, armed to the teeth with powerful means of influence, mainly thinks about how to reduce the duration of treatment, while creating more and more iatrogenic (the cause of which is the treatment process itself) diseases.

Among the various non-drug methods that are useful for correcting the child's immunodeficiency, the result of which are adenoids, practice shows the effectiveness of spa therapy, herbal medicine and homeopathic medicine. I would like to emphasize that these methods are effective only if the basic principles of passing through colds, which we talked about above, are observed. Moreover, the treatment carried out exclusively by professionals should be long-term with the observation of the child for at least six months. Even the most expensive herbal teas and homeopathic preparations in bright packages are not suitable here, because only an individual approach is required. Only surgery is the same for everyone.

By the way, about the operation, if it so happened that it is not possible to refuse it. The protective mechanisms of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract after surgical treatment are restored no earlier than after three to four months. So, conservative (non-surgical) treatment is still indispensable.

It happens that adenoids recur after surgery, that is, they grow again. Perhaps, in some cases, this is the result of some errors in the surgical technique, but in the vast majority of such situations, the surgical technique is not to blame. Recurrence of adenoids is the surest sign that they should not have been removed, but the existing pronounced immunodeficiency should have been eliminated. The point of view of many otorhinolaryngologists on this matter is interesting. They prove that recurrent adenoids should be treated conservatively, that is, without surgery. Then it is not clear why to operate on ordinary non-recurrent adenoids, which are easier to treat than recurrent ones. This is just one of the existing contradictions in medicine, from the multitude of which it is necessary to understand the following: health is a precious gift that is given to a person once and then only wasted and reduced over time. This should always be remembered when deciding on certain medical interventions in the child's body.

Treatment of adenoid growths

How to treat a child if surgery is not required yet?

Try washing your nose and nasopharynx - just a few washes are sometimes enough to bring the nasopharynx in order. Of course, much here depends on your skill and perseverance, and on the child - how he will endure this procedure. But try to negotiate with the child, explain why washing is done. Some mothers wash the noses of their children up to a year old (by the way, washing is useful both for a runny nose and as a prevention of colds). Children get used to this procedure and, it happens, they themselves ask to rinse their nose if they have difficulty with nasal breathing.

Washing the nose and nasopharynx. It is most convenient to do the procedure in the bathroom. With a syringe (rubber spray), you collect warm water or a decoction of herbs and inject the child into one nostril. The child should stand, leaning over the bathtub or sink, while the mouth is open (so that the child does not choke when the wash water passes through the nose, nasopharynx and when it merges through the tongue). First, press the syringe lightly so that the water (or solution) does not flow too strongly. When the child gets used to the procedure a little and is not afraid, you can increase the pressure. Washing with an elastic jet is much more effective. The child during washing should not raise his head, and then the washing water will safely flow down the tongue. Then flush your nose through the other nostril. Of course, at first the child will not like this procedure, but you will notice how the nose clears up, how clots of mucus come out of it, and how easy it will be for the baby to breathe later.

There are no special recommendations regarding the amount of water used (solution, infusion, decoction). You can - three or four spray cans on each side, you can - more. You will see for yourself when the baby's nose clears up. Practice shows that 100-200 ml for one wash is enough.

For washing the nose, preference should be given to collections of medicinal herbs:

1. St. John's wort, heather grass, coltsfoot leaves, horsetail grass, calendula flowers - equally. 15 g of the collection pour 25 ml of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes, insist in heat for 2 hours. Strain. Drop 15-20 drops into the nose every 3-4 hours or use as a nasal rinse.

2. Leaves of fireweed, chamomile flowers, carrot seeds, plantain leaves, horsetail grass, serpentine mountaineer rhizome - equally (to prepare and apply, see above).

3. White rose petals, yarrow grass, flax seeds, licorice rhizome, wild strawberry leaves, birch leaves - equally (to prepare and apply, see above).

4. Sequence grass, clover flowers, duckweed grass, calamus rhizome, St.

In the absence of allergies, it is possible to take infusions of medicinal plants inside:

1. Althea root, watch leaves, St. John's wort grass, rose hips, coltsfoot leaves, fireweed grass - equally. 6 g of collection pour 250 ml of boiling water: insist in a thermos for 4 hours. Take 1/4 cup 4-5 times a day warm.

2. Birch leaves, elecampane rhizome, blackberry leaves, calendula flowers, chamomile flowers, yarrow flowers, succession grass - equally. 6 g of the collection pour 250 ml of boiling water, insist in a thermos for 2 hours. Take 1/4 cup 4-5 times a day warm.

3. Thyme grass, meadowsweet herbs, oat straw, rose hips, viburnum flowers, clover flowers, raspberry leaves - equally. 6 g of the collection pour 250 ml of boiling water, insist in a thermos for 2 hours. Take 1/4 cup 4-5 times a day warm.

If the doctor has prescribed any medicinal drops or ointment for your child, they work most effectively after washing the nose - since the nasal mucosa is clean and the medicine acts on it directly. Indeed, it will not do you any good to drop even the best medicine into a nose full of discharge; the medicine will either leak out of the nose, or the child will swallow it, and there will be no effect. Always thoroughly clean your nose before using medicinal drops and ointments: either by rinsing, or, if the child knows how, by blowing your nose (but the first is better, of course).

Some very naughty children (especially small ones) never get to rinse their nose. And no exhortations, no explanations work on them. For such children, you can try to rinse the nose using a different method, although not as effective.

The child should be put on his back and the same chamomile decoction should be instilled into the nose with a pipette. The decoction enters through the nose into the nasopharynx, and the child then swallows it. After such washing, you can try to clear the nose with suction using a rubber can.

To wash the nose and nasopharynx, you can use plain warm (body temperature) tap water. From the nose, nasopharynx, from the surface of the adenoids, crusts, dust, mucus with microbes contained in them are purely mechanically removed.

You can use sea water for washing (dry sea salt is sold in pharmacies; stir 1.5-2 teaspoons of salt in a glass of warm water, filter). It is good because, like any saline solution, it quickly relieves swelling; in addition, iodine compounds are present in sea water, which kill the infection. If your pharmacy does not have dry sea salt and if you live far from the sea, you can prepare a solution approximate to sea water (stir a teaspoon of table salt, a teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of warm water and add 1-2 drops of iodine). Can be used for washing and decoctions of herbs - for example, chamomile. You can alternate: chamomile, sage, St. John's wort, calendula, eucalyptus leaf. In addition to mechanically removing the infection from the nose and nasopharynx, the listed herbal remedies also have an anti-inflammatory effect.

Some doctors prescribe for children with enlarged adenoids to instill a 2% solution of protargol into the nose. Practice shows that there is no significant improvement in the child's condition (although everything is again individual), however, it has been noticed that protargol dries somewhat and slightly reduces the tissue of the adenoids. Of course, the best effect occurs when you instill protargol into a previously washed nose - the solution acts directly on the adenoids, and does not slip into the oropharynx along the mucous discharge.

To drip the medicine, the child must be placed on his back and even tilt his head back (this is easier when the child lies on the edge of the couch). In this position, instill 6-7 drops of protargol into the nose, and let the child lie down without changing position for several minutes - then you can be sure that the protargol solution is "located" just on the adenoids.

This procedure should be repeated (without skipping) twice a day: in the morning and in the evening (before going to bed) for fourteen days. Then a month - a break. And the course is repeated.

It is very important to know that protargol is an unstable silver compound that quickly loses its activity and breaks down on the fifth or sixth day. Therefore, it is necessary to use a solution of protargol exclusively freshly prepared.

It also happens that, according to the testimony of a doctor, an adenotomy will be prescribed - an operation to cut off the adenoids. The technique of this operation is more than a hundred years old. It is done both on an outpatient and inpatient basis, but in view of the fact that after the operation there is still a chance of bleeding from the wound surface, it is preferable to remove the adenoids in the hospital, where the operated person is under the supervision of experienced doctors for two to three days.

The operation is performed under local anesthesia with a special instrument called an adenotome. Adenotome is a steel loop on a long thin handle, one edge of the loop is sharp. After the operation, bed rest is observed for several days, body temperature is controlled. Only liquid and semi-liquid dishes are allowed to be eaten; nothing annoying - sharp, cold, hot; dishes only in the form of heat. A few days after adenotomy, complaints of sore throat may be made, but the pain gradually decreases, and soon disappears altogether.

However, there are various contraindications to adenotomy. These include - anomalies in the development of the soft and hard palate, cleft palate, the age of the child (up to 2 years), blood diseases, suspected oncological diseases, acute infectious diseases, acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bacillus carriers, a period of up to 1 month after prophylactic vaccination.

Along with the obvious advantages (the ability to perform on an outpatient basis, the short duration and relative technical simplicity of the operation), traditional adenotomy has a number of significant disadvantages. One of them is the lack of visual control during the operation. With a wide variety of the anatomical structure of the nasopharynx, performing a “blind” intervention does not allow the surgeon to completely remove the adenoid tissue.

Improving the quality and efficiency of the operation is facilitated by the development and implementation of modern techniques in pediatric otorhinolaryngology, such as aspiration adenotomy, endoscopic adenotomy, adenotomy using shaver technologies under general anesthesia.

Aspiration adenotomy is performed with a special adenotomy designed and introduced into otorhinolaryngological practice by B.I. Kerchev. Aspiration adenoid is a hollow tube with a shoe-shaped receiver for adenoids extended at the end. The other end of the adenotom is connected to the suction. With aspiration adenotomy, the possibility of aspiration (inhalation) of pieces of lymphoid tissue and blood into the lower respiratory tract is excluded, as well as damage to anatomical structures nearby in the nasopharynx.

Endoscopic adenotomy. Intervention to remove adenoids is performed under general anesthesia (narcosis) with artificial ventilation of the lungs. A rigid endoscope with 70-degree optics is inserted into the oral part of the pharynx to the level of the curtain of the soft palate. The nasopharynx and posterior parts of the nose are examined. The size of adenoid vegetations, their localization, and the severity of inflammatory phenomena are assessed. Then, through the oral cavity into the nasopharynx, an adenoid or an aspiration adenoid is introduced. Under visual control, the surgeon removes the lymphadenoid tissue. After the bleeding stops, the surgical field is re-examined.

The use of a microdebrider (shaver) significantly improves the quality of adenotomy. The microdebrider consists of an electromechanical console and a handle with a working tip and a pedal connected to it, with the help of which the surgeon can set in motion and stop the rotation of the cutter, as well as change the direction and modes of its rotation. The tip of the microdebrider consists of a hollow fixed part and a blade rotating inside it. A suction hose is connected to one of the channels of the handle, and due to negative pressure, the tissue to be removed is sucked into the hole at the end of the working part, crushed by a rotating blade and aspirated into the suction reservoir. To remove adenoid tissue, the working tip of the shaver is inserted through one half of the nose to the nasopharynx. Under the control of an endoscope inserted through the opposite half of the nose or through the oral cavity, the adenoid tonsil is removed.

In the postoperative period, the child should observe home regime during the day, in the next 10 days physical activity should be limited (outdoor games, physical education), overheating should be excluded, food should be sparing (warm non-irritating food). With an uncomplicated course of the postoperative period, the child can attend kindergarten or school on the 5th day after the removal of the adenoids.

After surgery, many children continue to breathe through their mouths, although the obstruction to normal breathing has been removed. These patients need special breathing exercises to help strengthen the respiratory muscles, restore the correct mechanism of external respiration and eliminate the habit of breathing through the mouth. Breathing exercises are carried out under the supervision of a specialist in physiotherapy exercises or at home after appropriate consultation.

Prevention of adenoiditis and adenoid vegetations.

The surest way to prevent infection is to avoid infection. And its main source among children is a kindergarten. The mechanism is simple. A child comes to kindergarten for the first time. Until now, he had never been sick and talked with two children in the nearest sandbox. And in the garden there is a large company of peers: we lick toys and pencils, spoons, plates, linen - everything is in common. And there will always be one or two children whose snot hangs to the waist, whom their parents “thrown” into the garden, not because the child must develop, contact with children, but because they need to work. In less than two weeks, the newcomer fell ill, sniffled, coughed, and became feverish (up to 39.). The doctor from the clinic looked at the throat, wrote "SARS (ARVI)", prescribed an antibiotic that he likes. The fact that it will act on this particular infection, this is what my grandmother said in two - the microbes are now resistant. And in a situation where a child has an acute respiratory disease, it is not at all necessary to immediately “sculpt” him with an antibiotic. It is possible that his immune system, having first encountered an infection, will cope with it on its own. Nevertheless, the child is given an antibiotic. Mom spent seven days with the child - and to the doctor: “No temperature? So healthy!" Mom - to work, child - to the garden. That's just not recovering children in a week! This will take at least 10-14 days. And the child returned to the team, brought with him an untreated infection and gave it to everyone he could. And he picked up a new one. Against the background of a weakened by an antibiotic and a disease of immunity, this happens very often. Chronic inflammation occurs.

So - the main prevention - adequate and unhurried treatment of all children's colds.

Traditional medicine recipes for the treatment of adenoids:

Pour 15 g of dry crushed anise herb with 100 ml of alcohol and infuse in a dark place for 10 days, shaking the contents occasionally, then strain. For polyps in the nose, dilute the prepared tincture with cold boiled water in a ratio of 1: 3 and instill 10-15 drops 3 times a day until the adenoids completely disappear.

For polyps in the nasopharynx, dissolve 1 g of mummy in 5 tablespoons of boiled water. The mixture should be instilled into the nose several times a day. Simultaneously with this treatment, dissolve 0.2 g of Shilajit in 1 glass of water and drink in small sips throughout the day.

Squeeze the juice from the beets and mix it with honey (for 2 parts of beet juice 1 part of honey). Bury this mixture 5-6 drops in each nostril 4-5 times a day for a runny nose in a child caused by adenoids in the nasopharynx.

Regular washing of the nose and throat with salt water slows down the development of adenoids.

Every 3-5 minutes, instill 1 drop of large celandine juice into each nostril 1-2 times a day. Only 3-5 drops. The course of treatment is 1-2 weeks.

Mix St. John's wort and unsalted butter in a ratio of 1:4 in a boiling water bath. Add 5 drops of celandine herb juice to each teaspoon of the mixture, mix thoroughly. Place 2 drops of the mixture in each nostril 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days. If necessary, repeat the treatment after 2 weeks.

home remedies for adenoids

Instill thuja oil into the nose, 6-8 drops in each nostril at night. The course of treatment for adenoids is 2 weeks. After a week break, repeat the course.

Stir in 1 cup of boiled water 0.25 teaspoon of baking soda and 15-20 drops of a 10% alcohol solution of propolis. Rinse the nose with a solution 3-4 times a day, pouring 0.5 cups of a freshly prepared solution into each nostril for adenoids.

Herbs and fees for the treatment of adenoids

Pour 1 tablespoon of budry ivy grass with 1 glass of water, boil for 10 minutes over low heat. Inhale the vapors of the herb for 5 minutes 3-4 times a day with adenoids.

Pour 1 tablespoon of chopped walnut pericarp with 1 glass of water, bring to a boil and insist. Bury in the nose 6-8 drops 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment for adenoids is 20 days.

Pour 2 tablespoons of horsetail with 1 glass of water, boil for 7-8 minutes, leave for 2 hours. Rinse the nasopharynx 1-2 times a day for 7 days with adenoids.

Take 1 part of oregano herb and coltsfoot herb, 2 parts of succession herb. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 6-8 hours in a thermos, strain, add 1 drop of fir oil, rinse the nose and nasopharynx 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment for adenoids - 4 days. Health portal www.site

Take 10 parts of a blackcurrant leaf, crushed rose hips, chamomile flowers, 5 parts of calendula flowers, 2 parts of viburnum flowers. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 6-8 hours in a thermos, strain, add 1 drop of fir oil and rinse your nose 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment for adenoids - 3 days.

Take 2 parts of oak bark and 1 part of St. John's wort and mint leaf. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 glass of cold water, bring to a boil, boil for 3-5 minutes, leave for 1 hour, strain, rinse the nasopharynx 1-2 times a day for adenoids.

For the prevention of adenoids and polyps, make an ointment from St. Bury 3-4 times a day, 2 drops in each nostril for adenoids.

Vanga's recipes for adenoids

Grind dried hellebore roots into powder. Prepare the dough from flour and water and stretch it into a long ribbon. The width of this tape should be such that it can be wrapped around the throat of the patient. Then it is good to sprinkle a ribbon of dough with crushed powder from medicinal herbs and wrap it around the patient's neck so that the tonsils are certainly covered. Put a bandage or cotton cloth on top. For children, the duration of this compress should not exceed half an hour, and adults can leave it all night. Repeat if necessary. At the same time, for small children, the duration of the compress is from half an hour to an hour, for large children - 2-3 hours, and adults can leave the compress for the whole night.

5 tablespoons of water, 1 g of mummy. Buried in the nose 3-4 times a day.

Make a compress from a soft dough, sprinkle it with chopped ragwort herb stalks, put it around your neck. Repeat the procedure 1-2 times for half an hour.

Adenoids in children are one of the most common ailments. The disease is caused abnormal growth of the nasopharyngeal tonsils due to the characteristics of the child's body.

Normally, the tonsils should atrophy by the age of 12 without external intervention, but in some cases this does not happen, and children need medical attention as serious complications are possible.

We will talk about the reasons for the appearance of adenoids in the nose of a child later.

What is astigmatism in the eyes of a child? find out right now.

concept

In the human nasopharynx there are special formations - tonsils, which perform a protective function, preventing the penetration of infections.

However, as a result of lymph hyperplasia and the penetration of infection into the nasopharynx, there is an excessive increase in the tonsils, which leads to the formation of adenoids.

Pathology provokes a violation of breathing, hearing and other dangerous symptoms. Children most often suffer from this problem. aged 3 to 7 years.

Reasons for the appearance

The main causes of adenoids are various pathologies in the nasal mucosa or lymphoid tissue of the tonsils.

The precipitating factors may be:

• inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract (, sinusitis, rhinitis, etc.);
• infectious diseases (measles, rubella, influenza, diphtheria);
• structural features of the child's nasopharynx;
• pathology during pregnancy;
• trauma during childbirth;
• past vaccinations;
• diseases of the endocrine or lymphatic system;
• allergic reaction;
• living in adverse environmental or climatic conditions;
• weakened immunity;
• abuse of food with a large number of chemical additives;
• upper respiratory tract injury.

There can be many reasons, but all of them are mainly related to penetration of infection into the nasopharynx with weakened immunity.

The peculiarity lies in the protective function of the tonsils, which increase due to the presence of harmful microorganisms, thereby delaying it.

That is, the more infections enter the nasopharynx, the larger the tonsils, which means that the adenoids grow.

Symptoms of the disease

Main symptoms diseases are:

• frequent runny nose, not amenable to therapy;
• difficulty breathing through the nose, even if there is no runny nose;
• sleep disturbance of the child;
• mucous discharge from the nose, irritating the area above the upper lip;
• dry cough, especially in the morning;
• wheezing, sniffling, holding your breath during sleep;
• change in voice timbre;
• nervous tic or frequent blinking of the eyes;
• lethargy and apathy of the child;
• headaches;
• irritability and increased fatigue of the child;
• hearing impairment;
• redness or tearing of the eyes.

There are 3 main forms of the disease depending on the severity:

1. 1st degree- Tonsils are slightly enlarged. Problems with nasal breathing are observed only in a horizontal position of the body.
2. 2nd degree- the tonsils close half of the nasal passage. The child has to breathe through his mouth at night and during the day. Snoring, sniffling or wheezing is heard at night. Speech and voice timbre are disturbed.
3. 3rd degree- the nasopharynx is completely blocked. The child is completely unable to breathe through the nose, only through the mouth.

Read about the symptoms and treatment of alopecia in children in ours.

What do they lead to?

If the process of adenoid proliferation is not stopped in time, the following may occur: complications:

Surgical intervention

Surgery to remove adenoids is called adenotomy.

This procedure is prescribed in the most severe cases, when standard drug treatment does not give the desired results.

Operation performed under local anesthesia so the child does not feel pain. There will be only discomfort in the form of urge to vomit during removal. The operation itself is quick, no more than 5-10 minutes. If there are no complications, the child will be discharged within a day.

However, you should be aware that surgery is not always justified. First, you should try medication treatment, as many doctors simplify their work by prescribing adenotomy for everyone.

It is worth agreeing only as a last resort, if there are no other options, or there is a threat to the health of the child. Few complications after surgery.

A couple of weeks will have to give up solid food and limit physical activity.

Will be appointed means to accelerate the healing of the tonsils. In the future, if everything goes as expected, the child will grow up healthy.

Adenoids increase in almost all children, but to varying degrees. It is important to monitor their condition and take all necessary measures. First of all, you need to consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis at the first alarming symptoms.

In the early stages, the process of enlargement of the adenoids can be stopped with the help of drugs, but if you delay the treatment, you will have to undergo an operation.

Doctor Komarovsky about adenoids in this video:

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