The child was covered with a rash all over. What does a different skin rash look like in children

Pimples and redness on the skin is one of the most common reasons why child's parents consult a doctor. There can be many reasons for this, so this article will look at why a red rash appears on the legs of a child. Photos with explanations will help you figure out if the symptom is a serious reason to see a doctor for special treatment or you can do with home measures.

Rash on the legs of a one-year-old child

A red rash on the legs of a 1 year old child can have a lot of reasons. The main thing that parents should understand with such symptoms is that self-treatment, without consulting a doctor, will not be the best solution.

Children under the age of 1 year are prone to the disease. This is an irritation of the skin, which manifests itself as a result of increased sweating. After that, the process itself slows down, which becomes the cause of acne and spots. The symptoms of the disease in all children are approximately the same and completely depend on the type of prickly heat and the reasons that prompted it.

Sweat glands with an increase in body temperature due to the environment in a child under one year old, exude a liquid secretion. Thus saving the body from overheating. If he is dressed too warmly, tightly tightened in diapers and richly smeared with cream, then it is difficult for the secret to stand out in normal mode. And it accumulates in the glands, which leads to the appearance of a small reddish rash (shown in the photo below).

A viral infection such as can also cause red spots on the limbs:

In this case, with timely and proper care, a complete cure will take at least 14 days. At the same time, the baby's body must independently cope with the disease, using the immune system, and the help of the pediatrician will only push the recovery process.

Small rash on legs below the knees

One of the unpleasant childhood diseases is which is swollen lymph nodes and small red. The child does not itch and does not hurt in places of irritation:

Ecchymosis:

It differs primarily in that it affects the feet. Additional symptoms are aggravated by abdominal pain, diarrhea and high fever.

One of the most unpleasant ailments is that caused by a harmful bacterium. If it enters the bloodstream, it can cause sepsis, expressed in an initially small, and after a growing rash. The spots are star-shaped, concentrated on the trunk and legs:

Of particular danger is meningococcus for very young children, since with the development of shock they can lead to death.

Rash on the soles of the feet in a child

The soles can also be places where a red rash appears on a child's feet. What is it and how to deal with it - let's try to figure it out. In most cases, the appearance of red pimples in this area is the result of walking barefoot on the grass and possible contact with nettles and thorns. An example of such damage can be seen in the photo.

Such redness does not need medical treatment. It is enough to hold the affected feet in a bath of chamomile or calendula.

Although this is not so much a disease as the baby's predisposition to allergic reactions and dermatitis. Which are transmitted with genes or are formed as a cause of malnutrition and microclimate.

- this is a multiple group of infections that can affect any group of organs:

Symptoms of the disease are varied and may include reddening of epithelial areas and acne.

In many young children, the body may develop a rash. It can arise for various reasons. In some cases, this is not dangerous, but sometimes such rashes indicate serious illnesses. When a suspicious rash appears, parents should show the child to a doctor who will determine the cause of the disease and recommend what to do next.

Causes of rashes

A rash on the body of a child can occur for the following reasons:

• postpartum rash;
• manifestation of infectious diseases - scarlet fever, mononucleosis, chicken pox, rubella, measles;
• atopic dermatitis;
• an allergic reaction that has developed as a result of the use of hygiene products, eating food;
• mechanical damage to the skin and reaction to insect bites;
• blood clotting problems.

Let's look at these reasons in more detail.

Rashes in newborns

Toxic erythema. Such rashes can affect half of all full-term babies. They are pustules or white-yellow papules with a diameter of 1 - 2 mm with a red rim. Sometimes only red spots appear, which can be both single and covering the entire body (except for the feet and palms). The greatest number of rashes occurs on the second day of life, after which they disappear. Why toxic erythema appears is unknown, but it goes away on its own.

acne in newborns. About 20% of all babies over the age of three weeks go through this condition. A rash in the form of pustules or inflamed papules appears on the face. Much less often it can be found on the neck and scalp. The cause of this disease is the activation of the sebaceous glands by the hormones of the mother. Usually, such acne does not require treatment, it is only necessary to observe careful hygiene. Newborn acne, unlike juvenile acne, does not leave scars and spots after itself, and disappears before 6 months of age.

Prickly heat. Very often in newborns, prickly heat is observed, especially in hot weather. It develops due to the fact that the baby is wrapped up too much, and the contents of the sweat glands come out with great difficulty. A fine red rash often affects the head, face, and diaper rash. Spots, vesicles and pustules almost never become inflamed and disappear with good care. A decoction of calendula, chamomile or string, added to a baby bath while bathing, helps fight prickly heat.

Atopic dermatitis

Red spots on the body of a child occur with atopic dermatitis. Such an ailment occurs in every 10 babies, but not everyone has a typical triad of symptoms. The triad includes:

• bronchial asthma;
• allergic rhinitis;
• eczema.

The first signs of pathology appear in the child in the first year of life, and the rash is localized mainly on the cheeks, face, extensor surfaces of the legs and arms. The baby has severe itching, which can intensify at night, as well as with chemical, temperature effects on the skin. In the acute form, the rash is presented in the form of red papules with a liquid discharge. The subacute period is characterized by peeling of the skin, sometimes it can thicken. This is due to the fact that the child constantly combs the affected areas.

Almost all children overcome this disease without consequences. Only with a hereditary predisposition, the disease can become chronic with the addition of an allergic rhinitis or asthma.

To reduce itching and rashes, you need to reduce the time of taking water procedures and stop contact with hard tissues, and treat the skin more often with moisturizers. If the skin itches very much, use hormonal ointments.

If the child has an individual intolerance to drugs and foods, then allergic rashes may occur. They can cover the entire body, be of different shapes and sizes. A feature of an allergic rash is its intensification under the influence of an allergen and disappearance after the removal of the latter. The only unpleasant symptom of such a pathology is severe itching.

Quite rarely, Quincke's edema can develop., which is a severe reaction of the body to an allergen. It usually occurs on foods or medications. In this case, a red rash on the child’s body lasts for a long time, and swelling forms in the throat area, blocking the larynx and not allowing breathing. An allergic manifestation such as urticaria may also appear. It occurs on drugs, products, under the influence of temperature factors.

Insect bites

Bites from ants, midges or mosquitoes usually leave marks that become very itchy over several days. Much more trouble is brought by the bites of wasps, bees or hornets. Such insects pierce the skin with a sting and inject poison that causes swelling, swelling, and severe pain. The danger of such bites lies in the fact that the child may develop an allergy, the rash begins to spread rapidly throughout the body, causing severe pain and itching. This can cause respiratory failure, fainting, and sometimes anaphylactic shock. In this case, it is necessary to give the child an antihistamine.

Children's infectious diseases

A small red rash in a child may be a symptom of the following infectious diseases.

Chickenpox

With such an ailment, an itchy, small red rash appears., which after a while is replaced by small blisters with an infectious liquid inside. When they break through mechanically (scratching) or naturally, red ulcerations remain on the skin. Most often, discomfort arises from such rashes if they occur in the mouth, in the genitals, on the inside of the eyelids. This condition is accompanied by headache and fever.

It is strictly forbidden to comb the rash, as this only delays the recovery. To cure a child, rashes are smeared with brilliant green or a solution of potassium permanganate. During illness, you should limit the communication of the baby with other people.

Measles

Such an ailment is now quite rare. Its first symptoms are easily confused with colds or digestive problems. Small red rash all over body appears only a week after infection. It is preceded by a fever and a very high temperature, reaching up to 40 degrees. First of all, rashes appear on the neck and face, then they begin to spread to the shoulders, abdomen, back, chest. Lastly, the rash covers the legs and arms. When it goes down, the skin on the affected areas becomes brown. The consequences of measles are very severe.

Rubella and roseola

A highly contagious disease. The incubation period proceeds without any symptoms. Primarily, rash appears behind the ears and on the back of the head. After a short period of time, the entire body of the child is covered with red rashes. Rubella is accompanied by fever.

Roseola affects a child up to two years of age. First, the lymph nodes increase, the body temperature rises, and the throat becomes inflamed. Then a small red rash appears on the face, which begins to spread rapidly throughout the body. This is a highly contagious disease. It passes on its own.

Scarlet fever and meningitis

First, the body temperature rises. Then a characteristic rash in the form of pimples appears on the tongue. After a while, a small rash covers the entire body, arms and legs. After the disappearance of the rashes, the skin on the affected areas begins to peel off. This is a contagious disease, so any contact with other people should be avoided.

Meningitis is a very dangerous disease. It can even affect newborns. . Its symptoms include:

The rash resembles an injection mark or a mosquito bite. First they appear on the buttocks and abdomen, and then on the lower extremities. If timely measures are not taken, the rash increases in size and resembles bruises. At the first symptoms of meningitis, you should immediately consult a doctor, as delay can be fatal.

What should I do if my child has a rash?

If the whole body of the baby is covered with a small rash, you need to pay attention to whether there are signs of an infectious infection, for example, sore throat, diarrhea, vomiting, high fever. Then it should be determined whether the rash covers the entire body of the child or is localized in certain areas. It should be assessed what kind of rash has: in the form of spots, purulent formations, vesicles with liquid, etc.

Such an examination helps to understand whether it is urgent to show the child to the doctor. By comparing all the symptoms and signs, the doctor can prescribe the necessary treatment. If an infection is suspected, it is best to call a doctor at home, and isolate the sick baby in a separate room. Before the arrival of the pediatrician, it is not recommended to treat the rash by any means, so as not to complicate the diagnosis.

Thus, there are quite a few reasons for the appearance of a small red rash in a child. In this case, you should not panic, it's better to see a doctor. Only a specialist can determine how serious the situation is and, if necessary, prescribe the correct treatment. Self-medication is prohibited.

Every mother sooner or later asks the question: if a rash appears on the body of a child, what should I do? Sometimes rashes are a reaction to physiological changes in the child's body that are not dangerous, but there are also pathological causes of the rash that require immediate action to eliminate them.

Some parents simply leave it unattended, especially if the child has a rash on the body without a fever, and some begin to give various medications without consulting a doctor. Both in the first and in the second case, a mistake is made, because for some diseases it is very important to identify the cause of the rash as soon as possible and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

What a rash might look like

A rash does not always appear in a child all over the body, very often it happens in a limited area. It is formed both symmetrically and asymmetrically, acquiring various forms:

• Spots - a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin of a different color (it happens to be white, red, pink, etc.). As a rule, spots do not protrude above the surface of the skin.
• Bubbles and vesicles are small or large formations with fluid inside.
• Papules - formations above the surface of the skin without a cavity inside. You can feel it well.
• A pustule is a cavity with pus inside.
• A plaque is a formation that has a large area and is raised above the skin.
• Tubercles are formations that do not have a cavity and are well felt on palpation.

The color of the rash can also be different - from pale pink to crimson. A photo of the child is shown below.

Each type of rash can talk about completely different causes, so determining the location of the rash and its appearance is very important for making a diagnosis.

Causes

If a rash appears on the body of a child, the causes of this condition are very diverse, but still they can be divided into main categories:

The symptoms of the rash are quite multifaceted. It depends on what reason contributed to it. Next, we will analyze what pathologies can cause a rash, and what signs they are accompanied by.

non-communicable diseases. acne in newborns

Approximately 20-30% of infants develop the so-called neonatal acne, characterized by the appearance of a rash on the body of a child without fever. The main location is the face and scalp, neck. The rash in this case looks like papules and pustules. It occurs due to the fact that maternal hormones affect the functioning of children's sebaceous glands. It does not require special care, with the exception of moisturizing and careful hygiene. It usually resolves on its own within the first 6 months of a baby's life.

Prickly heat

A rash that occurs in newborns in the warm season or with strong wrapping in clothes. The reason is the difficulty in the release of sweat and increased humidity when wrapping. Often occurs in places of diaper rash. With such a rash, there is rarely inflammation, but it causes discomfort, as it can be very itchy. It goes away quickly with proper care.

Atopic dermatitis

This is a disease that a large number of mothers face already during the first days of a baby's life. Dermatitis has a genetic predisposition and an allergic nature. It is characterized by the appearance of red itchy spots and dry skin. Rashes can cover both a small area - with a mild form, and spread over a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe body. In some cases, with an extensive presence of a rash in a child, traces of scratching appear all over the body, as unbearable itching occurs. As a result, a secondary infection sometimes joins dermatitis.

Since dermatitis has several stages of development, there are also many options for a rash with this disease. It can be spots, papules, vesicles, plaques, crusts. Sometimes, with untimely treatment, scars and age spots remain on the skin after rashes.

Rash during teething

Sometimes a baby during teething is worried about a rash located in the mouth area. It is a small pimple that appears due to increased salivation, and then the friction of this area. Such a rash does not leave behind any consequences and, as a rule, passes on its own. To make the healing process go faster, you can gently wipe the mouth area from saliva and prevent the child from licking dirty hands, as there will be a chance of infection.

Allergic rash in children

If parents notice a rash on the body of a child without fever, it is most likely an allergic reaction. Nowadays, people are surrounded by a huge number of all kinds of allergens. Children are most susceptible to them, therefore, at the first manifestations, it is necessary to identify the cause and get rid of the irritant. An allergic reaction is of the following types:

• Food. When a child eats a product that is an allergen for him. Appears within approximately 24 hours. The rash in this case occurs on the face, abdomen, arms and legs of the child.
• Household. In this case, the allergen can come from laundry detergent, chlorinated pool water, new shampoo, and many other household products.

An allergic rash looks like red spots on the body of a child, but sometimes plaques and scratches appear, since with such rashes skin itching is very disturbing. One type of rash in this case is hives - pink or red blisters that itch very badly. When combed, they increase in size and can merge with each other, forming large areas of damage. Symptoms, in addition to the rash, may include irritability, moodiness, runny nose, and cough.

In newborns, the allergen can enter the body with mother's milk. A nursing woman needs to review her diet as soon as possible. And there are also cases when allergies are provoked by the nutrition of the expectant mother during pregnancy. Sometimes there is a rash in a child all over the body. But after getting rid of the allergen, the rashes disappear very quickly. A photo of an allergic rash on a child's body is presented above.

Insect bites

After insect bites - a very common occurrence, especially in the summer. Many parents are afraid of red spots, which can be large and show through the skin. But they, as a rule, except for itching, have no third-party symptoms and consequences. But the exceptions are allergic effects on saliva and the poison of some insects. In this case, it is very important to give an antihistamine at the first sign of an allergy. Another dangerous phenomenon with a bite is an infectious type of disease, which is carried by some insects.

Infectious rash in children

The appearance of a rash in a child all over the body very often occurs due to infectious diseases. Some of them are common in childhood, because after the child is ill, he develops one hundred percent immunity. Very rarely there are cases of re-infection. If the rash appeared due to an infection, then the symptoms will be fever and a small rash on the body of the child, chills, cough, runny nose, lack of appetite, and general malaise are also added here.

In childhood, the most common diseases accompanied by a rash are the following:

• Chickenpox (chickenpox). This disease is highly contagious, easily transmitted by airborne droplets. The incubation period lasts 2-3 weeks. General malaise, accompanied by a moderate fever, sometimes a slight pain in the abdomen, occurs 1-2 days before the onset of the rash. Then a small rash appears on the body of the child, which is located randomly, not affecting only the feet and palms. At first it looks like a red spot, which in the shortest possible time turns into a papule, and that, in turn, into a vesicle with an infectious fluid inside. At the site of its breakthrough, a crust forms naturally or mechanically (during combing). Rashes are accompanied by itching, but you can’t comb them, as you can spread the infection even more. Chickenpox is characterized by the fact that during the illness there are several rashes that are completely covered with a crust. Then they disappear completely, leaving small scars that disappear after a while. This happens about the tenth day after the start of the rash. During illness, it is not recommended to visit public places. After recovery, the child develops lifelong immunity to chickenpox. Re-infection occurs only due to reduced immunity and under stress.
• Measles. A highly contagious infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets. Nowadays, measles appears rarely, mainly in the form of short outbreaks in certain regions. The latent form of the disease lasts about 2-4 weeks, then within about four days the first signs of the disease begin to appear, which are very easy to confuse with a cold or indigestion: cough, runny nose, loose stools, fever, which can rise up to 40 degrees. After this period, rashes begin, which are cyclical. First, white spots appear on the inside, which look like semolina. These spots are a very important symptom of measles. Then rashes appear on the face and neck, descend to the chest, shoulders, stomach and back, and then a rash appears on the body of the child on the legs and arms. On the fourth day, the primary signs begin to recede, and the rash subsides. At the site of the spots, the skin becomes brown, then begins to peel off and clears up after 7-14 days. During measles, the rash may itch a little, sometimes there are small bruises. Sometimes individual spots can merge into a continuous surface. It is worth noting that some manifestations of measles may occur within 10 days after the introduction of a live measles vaccine.
• Rubella is a contagious viral disease transmitted by airborne droplets. The incubation period can last up to three weeks. At the end of this period, there may be a slight increase in temperature, general malaise, joint pain, cervical lymph nodes become inflamed. Then a small rash appears on the body of the child. It starts on the forehead and cheeks, spreads all over the body. Rubella favorite places are the areas around the joints, knees, elbows and buttocks. The rash in this disease does not affect the feet and palms of the child. After about four days, the rashes stop, and after a week there is not a trace of them left.
• Roseola is a contagious disease that every infant can experience. The first signs will be fever, sore throat and swollen lymph nodes. Then a small rash appears on the child's body, similar to rubella rashes.

• Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by streptococcus. It is transmitted by airborne droplets, there are no vaccinations against this disease. The latent phase lasts about a week. Then there is an increased temperature (up to 38-40 degrees), lymph nodes increase and symptoms of a sore throat appear. At the same time, the tongue is covered with a white coating. When cleared, it becomes a bright crimson color with pronounced papillae. After 1-2 days, a rash begins, which first affects the face, then the neck and everything else. Most of the rashes are in the groin, in the elbows, on the inside of the arms and legs, in the folds. At first, the rash has a bright color, but as the spots decrease, they begin to turn pale. A striking sign of scarlet fever is a pale nasolabial triangle against the background of bright red cheeks. This is due to the fact that the rash does not affect this area, and the skin in this place does not turn red. After 4-7 days, the rashes disappear, but leave peeling behind. Angina has to be treated for some more time.
• Infectious mononucleosis is an infection belonging to the herpes viruses and is not highly contagious. Characteristic signs of mononucleosis are inflammation of the lymph nodes, enlargement of the spleen and liver, body aches, tonsils covered with plaque, fever. A rash with this disease occurs very rarely. If rashes nevertheless appear, they look like a small pink rash that does not itch and disappears without a trace within a few days.
• meningococcal infection. This is a very dangerous disease that requires immediate therapeutic action, since delay is fraught with the death of the patient. Meningococcus is a bacterium that lives in the nasopharynx in 5-10% of people and does not cause concern. Due to viral infections or a decrease in immunity, an active phase of bacterial growth can begin, leading to dangerous consequences. Transmitted by air. When it enters the blood, it makes its way to the brain, causing meningitis. In this case, no rash is observed. The main symptoms are fever, drowsiness, vomiting, loose stools, hardness of the occipital muscles, confusion, the child cannot reach his chest with his chin. Symptoms develop very quickly. Meningococcus can also cause sepsis. It is very dangerous! The temperature can rise to 41 degrees and be accompanied by indomitable vomiting. Within a few hours, a rash appears, which has an uneven stellate shape and a bright purple or bluish color, itching is not present. Separate rashes can merge into one large dark purple spot. On the feet and palms, this fusion forms "socks" and "gloves". In such cases, the skin in these places may die. Sometimes meningitis and sepsis occur at the same time. Meningococcal infection is deadly! At the first symptoms, you should immediately go to the infectious diseases hospital. With this disease, every second is precious. Before the arrival of the ambulance, you need to lay the child on the floor, raising his legs, if he loses consciousness, lay him on his side, do not let him drink and eat.

• Scabies. This disease is caused by the scabies mite. The rash is localized between the fingers, in the inguinal region, on the wrists, legs, buttocks and wherever there is thin skin. Rashes are accompanied by severe itching that occurs during the passage of a tick under the skin of a child. Scabies is highly contagious.

The difference between an infectious rash and a non-infectious one

An infectious rash is necessarily accompanied by additional symptoms, while a non-infectious one proceeds with virtually no external manifestations. So, with the temperature will always talk about the infectious nature of the disease. Rashes without third-party symptoms do not pose a serious danger. A photo of a rash on a child’s body (without a temperature, the disease is not so dangerous) is not a very pleasant sight.

Itching without rash

Sometimes parents are alarmed by the situation in which the child itches, but external causes cannot be noticed. Itching of the body in a child without a rash can be for several reasons, but the final conclusion can only be made after seeing a doctor and passing certain tests:

A rash is not an independent disease, but a symptom. Therefore, first of all, you need to find the cause of the rash. It is not recommended to self-medicate even in situations where parents are sure that they know the reason. In any case, you should consult a doctor. Therapy will depend on the diagnosis and condition of the sick child:

• If an allergic reaction is confirmed, it is necessary to exclude contact with the allergen and take antihistamines.
• With chickenpox, treatment will be aimed at relieving symptoms - antipyretic drugs and antihistamines are prescribed to help relieve itching. Rashes can be cauterized with greenery. Bathing a child is allowed, but only gently pouring water.

• With measles and rubella, treatment is also aimed at relieving symptoms - an antipyretic at high temperatures, cough and runny nose medicine, and drinking plenty of fluids.
• With mononucleosis, antihistamines, antipyretic and choleretic agents, vitamins and immunomodulators are prescribed.
• Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection that is treated with penicillin antibiotics. It is also recommended to drink plenty of fluids, bed rest and drugs to relieve symptoms.
• Meningococcal infection is the most dangerous bacterial type infection, in which there is a high risk of death. At the slightest symptom, you should immediately call an ambulance. Treatment is only stationary, it is impossible to relieve symptoms at home. For treatment, antibiotics, anticonvulsant therapy, cardiovascular agents, the introduction of saline solutions, etc. will be used.

Prevention of infectious diseases is vaccination. It is strictly forbidden to rip off the rashes, squeeze them out and comb them.

Dangerous symptoms

There are some symptoms that accompany a rash, and for which you need to call an ambulance without delay:

• The rash covers the entire area of ​​the body.
• There is unbearable itching.
• There is a fever.
• Accompanied by edema, vomiting, loss of consciousness and nausea.
• The most dangerous sign is if the rash looks like stellate hemorrhages.

Conclusion

In most cases, the rash is not serious. But it is worth remembering the serious diseases that it can accompany. Therefore, if a rash appears on the body of a child with fever and other symptoms, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Rashes in children differ in localization, color and shape. A sudden rash on a child's body can be a sign of an infectious disease. Perhaps the cause is allergic dermatitis. The localization of the rash depends on the place of contact with the irritating substance, the body's reaction to the infection and the action of physical factors (solar radiation, temperature).

The rash in different children in the case of the same diagnosis is significantly different. The appearance of outwardly similar elements is often due to completely different reasons. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the whole complex of signs: the location of the rash, shape, color, the presence of other symptoms.

Causes of rash in childhood:

• Viral infections that cause measles, rubella, chicken pox, shingles, herpes simplex, sudden exanthema.
• Fungal infection - ringworm, trichophytosis, microsporia, candidiasis.
• Bacterial infections - scarlet fever, impetigo, erysipelas.
• Allergic reactions to food, drugs, pollen.
• Autoimmune diseases such as eczema and psoriasis.
• Diseases of the internal organs.
• Atopic dermatitis.
• Seborrheic dermatitis.
• Vitamin deficiency.
• Pink deprive.
• Toxoplasmosis.
• Toxidermia.

High fever, cough, vomiting, severe red or pink rash all over the body are symptoms of many infectious diseases.

Rash on different parts of the body in children - an overview

Redness on the face is observed in babies with tonsillitis, SARS. During treatment, a rash may occur due to an allergy to antipyretic or antibacterial drugs.

1. Redness, nodules and crusts on the cheeks and chin, on the eyelids - an allergic reaction to medicines or food.
2. Red dots, specks, vesicles, first on the face, then all over the body - infectious diseases.
3. Small and large spots, blisters, vesicles on the face, on the arm or on the pope - a reaction to the vaccine.
4. Red spots, papules on the arms below the elbow and on the legs below the knees - allergic dermatitis.
5. Bright dots and "stars" of red color are the consequences of influenza, SARS, occurring with a high temperature.
6. Papules and vesicles in the region of the armpits, on the chest - herpes zoster.
7. Nodular rashes and blisters between the fingers on the hands, on the wrist, in the navel - scabies.
8. Redness between the toes or hands, peeling on the feet and palms - skin fungus.
9. Multiple small rashes on the back of the baby's head, around the neck and in the folds of the body - miliaria.
10. Red vesicles on the baby's body - toxic erythema, pemphigus of newborns.
11. Dry rash on the forearms and thighs - follicular hyperkeratosis ("goosebumps").
12. Red spots, an unpleasant smell in the folds of the body - diaper rash, ringworm, candidiasis.
13. Plaques, peeling in the area of ​​the elbow and knee folds - eczema, psoriasis.
14. Elongated blisters on the arms, back, legs - mechanical urticaria.
15. Large red spots, blisters, crusts on the face and limbs - eczema.
16. Small spots, papules on the legs and arms - insect bites, dermatitis.

Ring-shaped spots, surrounded by a roller of vesicles and scales, with pink skin in the center, appear when infected with a fungal infection. Varieties of the disease - trichophytosis, microsporia. In the people, such lesions are usually called "ringworm". The rash is localized on the head, arms and legs. Spots of pink lichen are usually located on the sides of the body.

How to find out the probable cause of the disease by the type and color of the rash?

The areas of the baby's body that experience overheating are rubbed with a diaper and clothes, turn red, and become covered with a rash - prickly heat. Dots, spots and bumps appear more often on the hands as a result of an allergic reaction. A typical localization of rashes in eczema, seborrheic dermatitis is the face.

Spots and bubbles are formed as a result of infection with viruses. The pathogen goes through an incubation period in the body, so rashes form and then disappear after a certain period of time, characteristic of an infectious agent. A small rash on the body of a child with tonsillitis, influenza, SARS is secondary, rarely appears.

A white rash on the body of a child is formed as a result of hormonal changes, hypovitaminosis, excessive activity of the sebaceous glands. Pimples, "goosebumps" - the result of the accumulation of keratin in the hair follicles on the body. Hyperkeratosis is associated with the characteristics of the skin and metabolic disorders in the body.

The spectrum of possible causes of rashes in newborns is relatively small. A small, colorless rash in the form of nodules appears on the face of children in the first month after birth as a reaction to maternal hormones remaining in the body. Neonatal acne does not need treatment, it goes away on its own in a few days or weeks.

"Prickly heat" is called a red punctate rash on the body of a child in the first year of life in places of folds, friction with a diaper, underwear. Rashes during teething are accompanied by fever, anxiety, loss of appetite. The rash in such cases usually appears on the neck, is painted in bright colors.

Allergic dermatoses are characterized by the appearance of red spots, pink nodules and blisters. The skin itches, the child does not sleep well, loses appetite. Bright rashes in children under one year old are associated with improper introduction of complementary foods, the body's reaction to allergens in new foods.

Irritants can be a variety of substances, physical and climatic factors. Cases of the appearance of allergic rashes in babies who were treated with antibiotics have become more frequent. The skin of children visiting swimming pools reacts to increased concentrations of antiseptics in the water.

Rash in the form of spots

Roseola and small spots all over the body are formed in scarlet fever. This disease of a bacterial nature occurs against the background of fever, deterioration of the general condition. In recent decades, the number of cases has dropped dramatically due to preventive measures.

The formation of a small and large-spotted rash is characteristic of allergic dermatitis, eczema, ringworm and other types of lichen, photodermatitis. Children's skin is much more sensitive to high doses of UV radiation. After excessive exposure to the sun at sea, the baby develops erythema, small blisters appear on unprotected areas of the body.

It is necessary to gradually accustom the child's body to ultraviolet radiation, to sunbathe before and after noon.

Photodermatitis - hypersensitivity to UV - radiation. A kind of allergy manifests itself a few hours after exposure to the sun. Typical localization of the rash is the shoulders, forearms, back of the neck, arms and face.

Papular rashes

A colorless rash on the face and hands is characteristic of neurodermatitis, contact dermatitis. On the elbows and knees of a patient with psoriasis, the papules merge with each other and form plaques. Rashes with neurodermatitis, eczema, psoriasis occur due to a genetic predisposition to such a reaction of the body to stimuli. The affected skin becomes dry, reddened, and itchy.

Causes of neurodermatitis in children:

• reduced body resistance to infectious agents;
• toxins, including those secreted by worms;
• diseases of internal organs;
• metabolic disorders;
• the presence of foci of infection;
• medicinal substances;
• improper nutrition.

Violations at the level of the nervous system are connected. With a diffuse form of neurodermatitis, a rash appears on the hands, on the face. The disease is accompanied by increased fatigue, apathy. First of all, it is necessary to identify the irritating substance and protect the child from contact with it.

Parents who know how to treat allergies can apply their experience in the case of dermatitis in a child. Apply hormonal ointments ("Lokoid", "Gioksizon", "Sinaflan"). Combined corticosteroid + antibiotic preparations are used in case of infection of the affected area. The skin is healed with Bepanten ointment, Dexpanthenol cream. To soften and disinfect, baths are made with sea salt, healing clay. Lubricate the affected areas with tincture of calendula or mint. Antihistamines are taken orally.

Urticaria - a type of allergic dermatitis

The hallmark is a rash of raised blisters that tend to coalesce. In early childhood, urticaria or urticaria is acute, accompanied by excruciating skin itching, local fever, general malaise, weakness. Nettle skin-colored rash in a child suddenly appears on any part of the body, lasts from several hours to several days. In the case of Quincke's edema in the throat and mouth, the child needs immediate medical attention.

Causes of urticaria - polyethological dermatosis:

1. external influences (heat, cold, pressure);
2. influenza infection, pharyngitis, otitis media;
3. preservatives and dyes in products;
4. helminths, protozoal infection;
5. medicines;
6. physical exercise;
7. food products;
8. insect bites;
9. overheating, cold;
10. stress.

Urticaria is not transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. The skin reaction to irritants is manifested in response to mechanical effects on the skin (friction, pressure, combing insect bites). This form of the disease is called "mechanical urticaria".

A rare form of urticaria - cholinergic - is manifested by hyperemia of the skin of the face, neck, and chest. Redness is observed in just a few minutes or within an hour after bathing in hot water, increased sweating, physical and emotional stress. The child feels severe itching of the skin. A pale rash is formed, consisting of blisters of various shapes. Usually, when examining a patient, an allergen is not detected. The provoking factor for the development of the cholinergic form is the mediator acetylcholine, produced by the body itself.

Urticaria treatment

If a child has a rash, then antihistamines are given. Cooling gels, anti-allergic ointments are applied externally. Dermatologists recommend combining an oral antihistamine with an external cream or gel with the same active ingredient. Parents fear that such treatment will cause drowsiness in the child, reduce academic performance. Antihistamines "Fenistil", "Claritin", "Erius", "Zirtek" almost do not have a sedative effect, are better tolerated.

Histamine is released by mast cells in the blood and tissues to help the immune system defend the body against pathogens and toxins. However, in some people, allergies lead to an overreaction to harmless substances. Antihistamines block histamine receptors, prevent or reduce itching, swelling, redness of the skin, and watery eyes.

The most effective antihistamines to eliminate the rash in the acute form of urticaria. With chronic urticaria, such drugs help only 50% of patients.

Corticosteroid ointments have anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. Externally, the preparations "Fenistil-gel", creams and ointments "Elokom", "Lokoid", "Advantan", "Sinaflan", "Flutsinar" are used. Children are given to drink entersorbents, for example, Enteros-gel or Laktofiltrum. Inside, they also take dietary supplements with lacto- and bifidobacteria.

1. Outwardly: warm baths and baths, lotions with baking soda, infusions of string, sage, chamomile.
2. Inside: tea drinks with blackcurrant leaves, garden raspberries, rose hips, infusion of licorice root, nettle, fresh juice of carrots, beets.

It is necessary to treat the rash and remove potential allergens from the child's environment. Household dust, fungi, dry fish food belong to this group. Citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate, whole milk, white bread and confectionery are excluded from the patient's diet.

eczema treatment

The translation of the name of the disease from ancient Greek sounds very simple - “skin rashes”. Infantile eczema or atopic dermatitis appears before 6 months of age. On the cheeks of the child, dense red spots form that do not have clear boundaries. The disease is manifested by itching, inflammation and dry skin on the face, on the wrists, under the knees.

Redness, vesicles, crusts, cracks of the skin are observed in all types of eczema.

The acute phase in the idiopathic form of the disease is manifested by the formation of many bubbles. They open, weeping begins, after which crusts and spots remain. Typical localization of true eczema is the face, hands, forearms, feet and knees. Rashes appear on the body symmetrically.

Idiopathic, true eczema is the same as weeping lichen, chronic itchy dermatosis. A rough rash on the body of a one-year-old child is located on the face, arms and legs, on the chest and buttocks. There are such stages of the eczematous process as erythema, vesicles, erosion, crusts.

Causes:

• allergies to substances in food, mites, dust, mold, climate change;
• diseases of the digestive system, endocrine system;
• hereditary predisposition;
• stress, psycho-emotional trauma.

With the transition of the disease to a chronic course, the skin thickens and flakes. The symptoms are exacerbated in an unsuitable climate for the child, with excessive dryness of the air. The influence of constant or seasonal action of allergens is noted.

Therapeutic methods and means:

1. Antihistamines that relieve itching and inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes.
2. Resorcinol solution for cooling and astringent lotions.
3. Antiallergic ointments, antiseptic solutions.
4. Valerian tincture and other sedatives.
5. Enterosorbents for cleansing the body of the allergen.
6. Diuretics by mouth to reduce swelling.
7. Hormonal ointments (GCS).
8. Physiotherapy.

Corticosteroids for external use have an anti-inflammatory and antitoxic effect. GCS are part of the Lokoid, Dermozolon, Fluorocort and Sikorten ointments. Combined products contain GCS and an antibiotic, they are used for microbial eczema. The ointments "Cortomycetin", "Gyoksizon" belong to this group.

Rash in the form of ulcers

Diseases of a viral nature are often accompanied by stomatitis and a rash on the body of a child, especially a small one. Vezilovirus - the causative agent of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis - is able to affect the skin of the whole body, nasal mucosa, oropharynx. The source of infection is sick people, the carriers are insects.

After the incubation period, flu-like symptoms occur, body temperature rises. A watery ulcerative rash appears on the inner surface of the lips, on the cheeks. Also, vesicles can form on the child's body. Treatment of the affected mucosa in the mouth is carried out with Kamistad gel, Lugol's solution. Preparations "Miramistin", "Cholisal" are applied in accordance with the instructions in the package.

Itching and inflammation disappear after ingestion of antihistamines with the active ingredients loratadine, cetirizine, desloratadine. Vesicles on the body and in the mouth can be treated with hydrogen peroxide. Give the child a solution of furacilin, calendula tincture diluted with water, chamomile tea for rinsing the mouth.

A rash on a child's body can be caused by an allergy or a dangerous disease. It is important to navigate the types of rash and associated diseases.

This will make it clear when you can get rid of the rash on your own, and in which cases you can’t do without medical help.

A small rash on the body of a child is not uncommon, especially in infants. It can be caused by postpartum erythema, but most often it is due to an allergic reaction to food.

In older children, the risk of developing an illness due to allergies decreases, but the possibility of detecting other diseases (chickenpox, measles, rubella) becomes greater.

In this article you will learn: for what reasons a small rash appears on the body of a child, a list of diseases associated with rashes on the body, possible methods of treatment and prevention.

Small rash on the body of a child - etiology

In the life of every parent, sooner or later there comes a moment when, suddenly, some kind of acne appears on the body of a beloved child. It's a rash.

A rash is any change on the skin. It occurs in so many diseases and conditions, some of them very dangerous.

Let's try to figure out what kind of rash, in what cases it appears, what is accompanied and how mom and dad should behave so that it passes faster.

Let's start with the simplest - insect bites. First of all, mosquitoes. As a rule, this rash is surprising in early spring and late autumn, when mosquitoes are not yet remembered or already forgotten.

In modern winter conditions, mosquitoes can live indoors (for example, in the basement) almost all year round. Of all family members, the most “tasty” for mosquitoes are small children.

Parents notice changes in the skin in the morning, after the child wakes up. Mosquito bites are characterized by the appearance of pink or reddish spots mainly on open areas of the body: hands, forearms, feet, lower legs, i.e. those parts of the body that are not covered by pajamas, and the presence of elements on the face is mandatory, or, sometimes, on one half of it (in the event that the child slept on his side).

Most often, this rash is accompanied by itching, but not very strong. The general condition of the child does not suffer. He behaves as usual - plays, runs, scatters things, watches cartoons and eats with appetite.

If the child is not allergic to mosquito bites, then they do not require special treatment. It is enough to turn on the fumigator in the children's room (now there are special, for children), and the problem will be solved by itself.