Symptoms and treatment of chronic sinusitis in adults without surgery. Chronic sinusitis: how to cure without surgery completely at home? Sluggish sinusitis symptoms in adults

Chronic sinusitis is a long-term inflammatory process of the maxillary sinus, which, depending on the form and stage, manifests itself in a variety of clinics. The danger lies in the fact that in the absence of treatment and erased signs, the disease causes constant intoxication of the body.

Reasons for development

Anomalies in the structure of the nasopharynx (curvature of the nasal septum, hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates, adenoids);
Irrational antibiotic therapy and resistant strains of bacteria;
Unfavorable external factors (dust, gas, smoke, dry indoor air);
Allergic diseases in history (chronic allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma);
Fungal invasion (candida, mold fungi) with a decrease in immunity;
Chronic infectious diseases of the nose and throat (chronic tonsillitis, adenoiditis);
Odontogenic pathology and foreign bodies in the sinus cavity (filling material);
See a detailed breakdown of each.

Among bacteria, H.influenzae, S.pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis are most often sown in the sinus during a chronic process.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis depending on the form

Exacerbation of chronic sinusitis proceeds in the same way as acute sinusitis. The patient is concerned about headache, nasal discharge, fever, sinus pain and nasal congestion.

Outside of exacerbation, the nature of the symptoms depends on the form of sinusitis and the characteristics of the organism.

Symptoms of a purulent form

Main features:

Difficulty in nasal breathing in varying degrees;
Decreased sense of smell or its absence;
Periodic headaches without precise localization;
Symptoms of chronic intoxication of the body: lethargy, fatigue, loss of appetite, subfebrile temperature, increased nervousness;
Abundant discharge from the nose of a different nature: mucous, mucopurulent and purulent;
Ear congestion;
The development of a cough due to irritation of the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall with constant secretions;
Less often, the appearance of lacrimation due to blockage of the nasolacrimal canal.

Symptoms of the odontogenic (tooth) form

The lower wall of the maxillary sinus is formed by the alveolar process of the upper jaw. In most people, the roots of the 4th and 5th teeth protrude into the lumen of the sinus, which sometimes are not even covered with a mucous membrane. With the development of pathological processes in the oral cavity, the infection penetrates into the sinus and an inflammatory process develops.

Features:

As a rule, inflammation appears on one side - where the bad tooth is;
The development of the disease may be preceded by a visit to the dentist and treatment of the upper teeth;
Does not respond to the standard treatment regimen (antibiotic therapy, sinus lavage) without eliminating dental pathology;
Discharge from the nose has a specific fetid odor.

Symptoms of the fungal form

Washing and disinfection.

Treatment of the disease is carried out with the help of herbs with antiseptic properties: chamomile, calendula, St. John's wort. A solution prepared from these herbs is used to wash the nose to remove pathological contents from the sinus.

They also use plants that increase overall immunity and help the body cope with the infection itself: ginseng root, eleutherococcus, echinacea.

Inhalations.

Apply steam inhalation with potatoes, bay leaf, aloe and other herbs to relieve nasal congestion and improve the outflow from the sinus.

Ointment.

You can make an ointment that will help clear the nasal passages. Garlic, honey and vegetable oil are mixed in equal proportions, the resulting mixture is spread on cotton turundas and injected into both nostrils for several minutes.

After that, the turundas are removed and the nose is actively cleaned. This ointment irritates the nasal mucosa and helps to get rid of mucus that accumulates in the nose.

Preventive actions

Prevention of colds by strengthening the general immunity of an adult and a child with the help of a normal sleep and rest regimen, hardening, moderate physical activity, and outdoor walks;
Vaccination against influenza and other infections;
Timely rehabilitation of foci of chronic infection: tonsillitis, rhinitis and adenoiditis;
Treatment and prevention of diseases of the dentoalveolar system: regular brushing of teeth after eating, the use of dental floss, visiting the dentist once a year, treatment of caries, periodontal disease, etc.
Control of allergic diseases and elimination of contact with the causative allergen;
Creating an optimal temperature and humidity regime in the room, since dryness or excessive moisture of the nasal mucosa disrupts its operation and makes it difficult to remove mucus and dust particles from the nasal cavity and sinus. For this purpose, you can use climate technology;
Periodic irrigation or rinsing of the nose with sea salt solutions purchased at a pharmacy or prepared independently;
Living in an ecologically unfavorable area or area can cause another exacerbation of the disease, therefore, in critical situations, you should think about moving to a place with a more favorable environment and climatic conditions;
When making a diagnosis of "chronic sinusitis", it is necessary to reconsider the sports that a person is fond of. A visit to the pool, swimming, can cause infected or chlorinated water to enter the sinus and provoke another exacerbation. Diving, flying on an airplane, climbing mountains due to pressure drops sometimes cause an exacerbation or development of diseases of the ear, nose and sinuses.

With a competent approach to prevention, it is possible to achieve a state of stable remission and a noticeable improvement in the quality of life.

Chronic sinusitis- This is a disease characterized by a rather long and sluggish course, with alternating phases of exacerbation and remission, manifested in frequent, ailments and stuffy nose, as well as other symptoms, depending on how advanced the pathological process is in the affected sinuses. With this disease, it is the maxillary sinus that becomes inflamed, or as it is also called, the maxillary sinus. In general, any sinusitis is a type of sinusitis, so sometimes doctors call it chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis

Since we are talking about a disease that is chronic, the symptoms mainly manifest themselves during the exacerbation stage. It is for this period that the following symptoms are characteristic:

Weakness and general malaise, a feeling of "brokenness".

Allocations change their color most often a week after the exacerbation of the disease, they become yellow and sinusitis flows into a purulent form.

If we consider chronic sinusitis not during the stage of exacerbation, then there are also a number of symptoms indicating that the disease is present in the body:

Stuffy nose, discharge appear periodically, therapy is not amenable, may be purulent.

Sensation of a "coma in the throat" due to the constant flow of mucus from the sinuses.

Headache, which periodically increases, depending on what position the patient takes. The greatest intensity of discomfort is gained in the supine position. The pain is localized in the region of the eye sockets.

The face can become “heavy”, it seems to be bursting and pressing from the inside, especially in the cheek area.

Often, especially in the morning, the eyelids swell in patients, and conjunctivitis appears.

The appearance of tears, without irritating external factors.

The sense of smell is constantly impaired, which significantly reduces the quality of life.

Also, the symptoms of chronic sinusitis can be classified as follows:

Local subjective, which include people's complaints about nasal discharge, which are purulent in nature, persistent headaches, sensations of fullness of the affected sinus, discharge that has a putrid odor, and therefore loss of appetite. Naturally, nasal breathing is practically absent.

Local objective, which include swelling of the eye membranes, their diffuse hyperemia, which is clearly visible during examination. Between the lip and nose there are signs of permanent dermatitis, fissures, eczema or impetigo. Feelings are painful during palpation of the corresponding zones, during rhinoscopy, polyps are often found, the turbinates are edematous and thickened. often damaged by caries, periodontitis, fistulas are observed.

Symptoms are common, which include sneezing, coughing, headache, fatigue. As for exacerbation, they are most often observed in the cold season, while in summer there is a lull. During the manifestations of the disease, a general blood test shows changes characteristic of acute respiratory infections. The general weakness is growing.

Causes of chronic sinusitis

The reason that a pathological process begins in the sinuses, which then develops into a chronic form, is often caused by microorganisms - streptococci. But sometimes the disease is caused by viruses, fungi and anaerobes.

The fact that sinusitis becomes chronic is facilitated by such reasons as:

Illiterate treatment, non-compliance with the therapeutic scheme, a shortened period of taking medications during the development of acute sinusitis.

The constant presence of a chronic infection in the nasopharynx, namely such foci as:,.

Curvature of the septum and, as a result, a violation of the outflow of mucus. Such disorders occur both during fetal development and are congenital, and can be acquired during life, for example, as a result of trauma.

Formations such as cysts or polyps naturally disrupt normal air exchange in the sinuses, stimulating congestion and disrupting mucus discharge, and as a result, the development of sinusitis.

Dental problems such as disease of the teeth, located in particular in the upper jaw.

The environment has a significant impact on the development of this chronic disease. This applies precisely to the air that a person constantly breathes. The more it is gassed, dusty and toxic, the higher the risk of developing the disease.

The state of immunity, both local and general.

Violation of both tissue and vascular permeability in the sinuses.

If we consider the classification of chronic sinusitis, then there are several of its subspecies:

Catarrhal chronic sinusitis. In this case, the entire mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus is inflamed, it looks reddened, swollen and filled with blood. Inside it is the mucous content. It can be both one-sided and develop on both sides.

Purulent sinusitis. In this case, the internal mucous contents change to pus. This occurs in the event of an exacerbation of a chronic disease.

Parietal-hyperplastic - this is a form of chronic sinusitis, it occurs on the mucosa, and then polyps form on it. The nose alternately stuffs up, the discharge is frequent and profuse.

Fibrous chronic sinusitis.

Allergic sinusitis in a chronic form occurs, as a rule, abruptly and unexpectedly, under the influence of a certain stimulus. The mucosa swells, its activity increases, abundant discharge appears.

Cystic chronic sinusitis is characterized by the fact that a cyst is formed inside the nasal cavity, its size and location in the nose can be almost any.

Polypous, when a polyp that grows in the nasal sinus becomes the cause of a pathology of a chronic nature.

Sometimes there are its mixed forms, when, for example, in the presence of polyps in the sinuses, a purulent process begins.

Some doctors distinguish the following types of sinusitis, which occurs in a chronic form, based on what was the source of the infection:

Traumatic, when a violation of nasal breathing, and as a result, the development of the disease occurs due to various kinds of skull injuries.

Rhinogenic, when sinusitis develops into a chronic form due to frequent rhinitis and sinusitis.

Odontogenic, is a consequence of various kinds of diseases of the teeth.

Hematogenous chronic sinusitis is the most common, as it is caused by the penetration into the sinuses of a certain pathogen - bacteria (bacterial) or fungus (fungal).

Regardless of what caused the development of the disease and no matter what subspecies it belongs to, chronic sinusitis can be either unilateral or affect both sinuses.

Complications of chronic sinusitis

Like any other disease that occurs in a chronic form, sinusitis can cause quite serious complications. Among them are the following consequences:

The appearance of such chronic diseases as tonsillitis (with it the palatine tonsils are constantly inflamed), laryngitis (swelling and inflammation of the larynx), pharyngitis (characterized by an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the pharynx.

Dacryocystitis, when the inflammatory process affects the lacrimal sac. There is constant lacrimation, there may be a purulent discharge, all adjacent tissues are edematous, the lacrimal sac hurts, the palpebral fissure is narrowed.

Violation of attention and memory is due to the fact that due to impaired breathing, a person constantly suffers from hypoxia. Mental activity suffers in the first place, but not receiving oxygen in the required volume, the work of all organs is disrupted.

Often, patients with chronic sinusitis experience apnea. And this, in turn, leads to the development of heart disease, increased drowsiness during the daytime.

Inflammation of the soft tissues of the face can be observed when the subcutaneous and muscle tissue is affected.

If the purulent contents enter the cranial cavity, then the most serious complications can occur - this is, or a brain abscess. Most often, such diseases end in death.

Sometimes, against the background of sinusitis, a disease develops that requires urgent surgical intervention - this is a purulent inflammation of the cranial bones.

Partial or complete loss of vision associated with such a complication of sinusitis as inflammation of the eyeball.

A very painful complication, like inflammation of the tertiary nerve.

It should be understood that any form of sinusitis, and, in particular, purulent, can cause quite serious complications. This is due to the location of the infection, and the close proximity of the maxillary sinuses to the brain. That is why competent and qualified treatment of the disease is necessary, both during the period of exacerbation and during remission.

How to cure chronic sinusitis?

The treatment of chronic sinusitis differs from the treatment of a common disease in that even during a period of calm it should not be ignored. After all, the frequency and severity of the course of the disease in the acute phase depend on how well prevention and treatment will be carried out.

So, during the period of remission, it is imperative to perform such a procedure as washing the sinuses with various solutions. Normal saline or a weak saline solution is best suited for this purpose. You can use special sprays that contain steroid hormones and have an anti-inflammatory effect. But, although these drugs are considered practically harmless, nevertheless, consultation with a doctor is necessary.

Sometimes therapists and ENT doctors recommend using a long course of antibiotics, but they must be taken in small doses. This applies to macroloid preparations, which are characterized by low toxicity and high antimicrobial activity. In addition, they additionally stimulate the immune system, strengthening the body's defenses.

If chronic sinusitis develops against the background of an allergy, then contact with an irritating factor should be avoided if possible, appropriate remedies should be taken and observed by an allergist.

Since inflammation of the teeth of the upper jaw is a common cause of chronic sinusitis, it is necessary to see a dentist every six months and carry out timely treatment, even, as it seems, of minor caries.

When sinusitis is caused by damage to the nasal septum, both injuries and congenital pathologies, it is necessary to contact a plastic surgeon. In this case, after the operation, relapses do not occur, provided that everything went well.

As for the treatment of sinusitis at a time when it is in the phase of exacerbation, here we can distinguish drug therapy, non-drug therapy. The first should include the use of sprays and drops, which are aimed at reducing the swelling of the sinus mucosa, which has undergone inflammation. Also, such drugs contribute to the discharge of pathological contents. Such treatment is carried out for a week, if the therapy does not have the desired effect, then the prescribed funds should be reviewed.

Drugs containing antibiotics. If sinusitis is purulent, then they are used both in injections and in the form of tablets. At the initial stage, you can use antibiotics that are part of a variety of drops.

Doctors also prescribe mucolytics, which thin the mucus and promote its excretion.

If we talk about other methods of treatment, then a fairly common procedure is a sinus puncture. For this, a special needle is used, then the sinus is washed with antiseptics and a certain drug is injected. This method is very effective for removing puffiness, reducing headaches, up to its complete elimination, and also in general for treating the acute phase of sinusitis.

As an alternative to punctures, at the moment there is such a procedure as the installation of a YAMIK catheter. This procedure is practically painless, as it is performed under local anesthesia, and there is no need to make a puncture.

Nasal lavage can be carried out both independently and in the office of an otolaryngologist. It depends on the severity of the disease. To achieve this goal, both antiseptics and saline solutions are used.

As an auxiliary therapy, general strengthening drugs, vitamins and immunomodulators are prescribed. Physiotherapy is carried out if the patient is on the mend and chronic sinusitis proceeds without complications. Sanatorium treatment gives good results. A visit to the salt rooms gives good results and significantly reduces the risk of a runny nose, and hence sinusitis.

When it comes to prevention, then the most effective method is adequate and competent treatment of the disease at the initial stage, when the mild one begins. That is why it is important for people who know that they have such a disease not to let it flow by itself. The less hypothermia will be, the more regular hardening procedures will be carried out, the more balanced and rational the diet will be, the easier the disease itself will proceed. Do not forget to wear masks, especially during the rampant SARS. By following the appropriate doctor's recommendations, you can not remember the recurrence of chronic sinusitis for a long time.

Education: In 2009 he received a diploma in the specialty "Medicine" at Petrozavodsk State University. After completing an internship at the Murmansk Regional Clinical Hospital, he received a diploma in the specialty "Otorhinolaryngology" (2010)

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary, or maxillary, paranasal sinuses, lasting more than 4 weeks, is called chronic sinusitis. According to statistics, this pathology accounts for exactly half of all inflammatory diseases of the sinuses (sinusitis). Chronic sinusitis proceeds in waves - the stage of remission is replaced by the stage of exacerbation, after which remission occurs again. In the absence of adequate treatment, the pathological process also covers other organs adjacent to the maxillary sinuses - complications develop.

Causes of chronic sinusitis

The main cause of this disease is a long-term exposure to the sinus mucosa of pathogenic microflora. In the vast majority of cases, it is caused by bacteria, less often viruses and fungi act as the causative agent. There are frequent cases when, when examining the contents of the sinuses, several types of microorganisms are found in it at once.

Contribute to the onset of the pathological process in the sinus, impaired nasal breathing due to congenital or acquired anatomical defects (for example,). Since the lower wall of the maxillary sinuses is very thin, the infection can get into them from the oral cavity (for example, from teeth affected by caries, inflamed gums, etc.) - in this case, the disease is called chronic odontogenic sinusitis.

Factors predisposing to the development of the disease are:

frequent infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
bad habits, in particular smoking;
cold season;
barotrauma;
hypovitaminosis;
severe concomitant diseases that have a negative impact on the immune system in general;
propensity for.

The mechanism of development of sinusitis

Paranasal sinuses in sinusitis. Maxillary sinuses - on the sides of the wings of the nose.

The infection, getting on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and maxillary sinus, causes local inflammation, one of the components of which is edema. The mucosa of the fistulas connecting the nasal cavity with the maxillary sinus also swells, which causes a deterioration in air circulation in the latter and an outflow of mucus from it. The accumulated mucus is an excellent breeding ground for microorganisms that further increase inflammation.

In most cases, with this disease, only one sinus is involved in the pathological process, but there are also cases bilateral chronic sinusitis.

Classification of chronic sinusitis

The main forms of chronic sinusitis are:

polyposis;
mixed (purulent-polypous).

Also, allergic and odontogenic forms of this disease often occur.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis in adults

Chronic sinusitis in remission occurs with mild symptoms. Patients are usually concerned about:

slight weakness, fatigue;
non-intense, without a clear localization headache;
, due to which ;
pain and when swallowing, due to the irritating effect of mucus flowing from the inflamed sinus along the back of the pharynx;
some swelling in the projection of the sinus on the face.

When chronic sinusitis enters the stage of exacerbation, the state of health of patients worsens: they note severe weakness, a slight increase in temperature (usually not more than 37.5–37.7 C); the headache becomes more intense, especially when the head is tilted forward, there is a feeling of heaviness in the head. Since in the stage of inflammation, arching pain may appear in this area. Complaints of tickling and coughing persist. Characterized by reddening of the skin, cracks, swelling under the nose (due to constant irritation of this area with mucus). Complaints about swelling of the lower eyelid or the appearance of discharge from the eyes (conjunctivitis) indicate the spread of the inflammatory process to the orbits.

Complications of chronic sinusitis

If untreated, an infection from the maxillary sinus can spread to the ear area - otitis media will develop.

Untreated chronic sinusitis can provoke the development of the following diseases:

phlegmon of the eye socket tissue;
abscess of the lower eyelid;
of the formidable complications, meningitis, brain abscess and sepsis should be noted;
diseases of the bronchopulmonary system (bronchitis, pneumonia);
kidney disease (pyelonephritis);
heart disease (myocarditis).

Diagnostics

Based on the patient's complaints, the history of the disease and life, the otorhinolaryngologist will suspect a disease, which rhinoscopy will help confirm, as well as additional examination methods.

During a visual examination of the nasal mucosa, its hyperplasia (thickening), hyperemia (redness), swelling, and the presence of secretions in the form of viscous mucus or pus will attract attention.

The leading methods used to confirm the diagnosis are:

bacteriological examination of material from a smear taken from the nasal cavity during rhinoscopy;
rhinoendoscopy (examination of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses using a special device - a video endoscope);
radiography of the paranasal sinuses.

Less commonly, for diagnostic purposes, puncture of the maxillary sinus is performed, allergy tests to determine the patient's immune status - an immunogram.

How to cure chronic sinusitis

It is almost impossible to completely get rid of chronic sinusitis.

With an exacerbation of the process, complex treatment should be carried out, the goals of which are to restore normal nasal breathing and destroy the pathogen.

To achieve the optimal result of treatment, it is important to sanitize foci of chronic infection as soon as possible, which could cause an exacerbation of sinusitis. For this purpose, and also to suppress the growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the sinus itself, antibacterial drugs from the group of cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Cefodox, Cefix) or fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin) are prescribed.

The best solution is to prescribe local antibacterial drugs, for example, Bioparox (available as a spray), in parallel with systemic antibiotics.

avoid acute infectious diseases;
timely sanitize foci of chronic infection, especially those localized in the area of ENT organs and in the oral cavity;
monitor the patency of the nasal passages (, align the deviated nasal septum, etc.);
lead a healthy lifestyle (this concept includes a full-fledged diet rich in vitamins and microelements, healthy sleep, regular physical activity, walking in the fresh air, giving up bad habits, in particular smoking).

Forecast

As mentioned above, getting rid of chronic sinusitis is impossible. Comprehensive treatment started in a timely manner and compliance with all preventive measures will help to enter the disease into stable remission and prevent possible complications.

About the treatment of sinusitis in the program "Health" by Elena Malysheva:

Sinusitis is a disease in which the inflammatory process affects the paranasal sinuses. Often the cause of the manifestation of the pathology is a repeated deep runny nose or improper treatment of a recent cold. Sinusitis can also occur when the patient starts the condition of the upper teeth and rarely visits the dentist. If the disease is not treated in time, a large amount of mucus accumulates, which subsequently causes pus.

It is important to carry out timely treatment of sinusitis, until pus appears. The purulent stage can cause complications and manifestations of serious diseases.

The protective properties in the body with the development of sinusitis suffer dysfunction. The infection affects not only the nasal cavity, but also the pharynx. Pathological processes serve to damage the respiratory tract due to the penetration of infectious bacteria.

Chronic sinusitis is provoked by the listed pathologies:

Narrowness of the nasal passages.
Acute inflammation. In a special way, this applies to cases where the outflow of pathological secrets is carried out under adverse conditions.
Neoplasms in the nasal cavity, polyps.
Curved nasal septum.
granuloma formation.
The lateral wall and the middle nasal concha are in contact.

Often, inflammation from one sinus is transferred to another, becoming bilateral. This is how chronic development occurs.

The appearance of sneezing.
The general state of health decreases, the patient is tormented by fever.
There is an increase in temperature.
When the head is tilted, the patient feels pain radiating to the jaw and nose.

Sinusitis can worsen with hypothermia, colds, allergies or high humidity.

Chronic sinusitis manifests itself when it lasts more than six months.

Remission may similarly be accompanied by symptoms that are less pronounced and intermittent:

Frequent discharge from the nose. The occurrence of periodically pus.
Eyelids swell in the morning.
Frequent tearing.
Difficulty breathing due to congestion.
Acute headache, especially affecting the eye sockets. Blinking provokes painful sensations, while lying down promotes elimination.
Lowering the voice.
Frequent attempts to swallow mucus that runs down the back wall. Frequent feeling of a lump in the throat.
Deterioration of smell.
Manifestation of conjunctivitis. The mucous membrane of the eye becomes inflamed, the process is accompanied by frequent release of tears. There is a sensation of foreign objects in the eye.

Discharges with pus in this case are of a chronic nature, the process is accompanied by an unpleasant odor. Catarrhal viscous mucus.

Patients often complain of lethargy, unprovoked fatigue, sleep disturbances. Efficiency decreases, often an irritated state becomes the norm.

Timely treatment is extremely important not only to eliminate the symptoms, but to prevent pathological complications. Penetration of pus to nearby tissues and organs can have negative consequences. The process is accompanied by damage to the teeth, nerve endings, and the brain may suffer.

Complications that can lead to improper therapy or if the disease is not treated at all:

Swelling of the brain.
Focal accumulation of pus in the brain.
Meningitis.
Sepsis.

The affected brain is not the only consequence of exposure to pathogenic microflora. The disease can also affect the orbit, eyelids, upper jaw, and cause inflammation in the middle ear.

Frequent sore throats and pharyngitis can similarly be causes of the chronic form.

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Diagnostics

The specialist first examines the patient, identifying symptoms and collecting the necessary data. The previous therapy used in the treatment of the disease, and the duration of the pathology, likewise play a large role in the diagnosis. The doctor may need to palpate the sinuses and rhinoscopy.

Diagnosis of pathology can be carried out through fluoroscopic examination. Thanks to x-rays, it is possible to detect or obtain confirmation of the manifestation of the inflammatory process in the sinuses, to identify neoplasms in the nasal cavity. Computed tomography will provide the necessary information about the stage of the disease and its course.

A visit to the doctor should be resorted to in the following cases:

Proper therapy does not give results: the symptoms cannot be eliminated.
The patient had previously been exposed to sinusitis (perhaps more than once), could not fully recover.
Manifestation of symptoms for one or more weeks.

Timely diagnosis will help minimize risks and avoid complications. ENT diseases often begin to be chronic due to their being triggered by the patient.

Chronic sinusitis cannot be left untreated even when the symptoms cease to annoy, and overall well-being improves. An exacerbation of the pathology can occur at any time if you do not turn to preventive measures and do everything to prevent it. The acute phase and the regularity of the onset of symptoms, as well as the severe course of the disease, depend directly on the actions of the patient.

To get rid of chronic sinusitis without resorting to operations, it is possible with the help of several schematic actions:

It is necessary to reduce the inflammatory process affecting the sinuses.
The main root causes of the pathology should be eliminated.
The patency of the nasal passages must be restored.
The resulting sinusitis should be reduced in number.

Physiotherapy treatment is resorted to when remission occurs:

The use of ultrasound on the maxillary sinuses.
Application of ultrahigh-frequency and laser therapy.
Using the microclimate of the salt cave (speleotherapy).
Magnet therapy applied to the throat.
Ultraphoresis.

A severe course of the disease can cause the appointment of a puncture of the maxillary sinuses. With this procedure, you can completely get rid of pus in a short time. It is impossible to replace antibiotics and other medications with it, but a puncture can serve as a good help to these remedies.

How to treat chronic sinusitis folk remedies?

Traditional medicine is famous for its many ways to help in the fight against sinusitis. It is necessary to resort to them after receiving a doctor and under his control, so as not to bring complications to your body.

How to cure chronic sinusitis using folk remedies:

Use of iodine solution for washing.
The use of inhalations. Using boiled potatoes, water with honey.
Warming up the nasal cavity with the right egg.
The use of aloe juice for instillation into the nose.

Self-treatment in any case is not a way out of the situation. Folk remedies are not equivalent to medicines prescribed by a doctor.

Treatment of chronic sinusitis

Chronic sinusitis is a long-term inflammation that affects the maxillary sinus. The clinical picture of the disease directly depends on certain stages and forms. Sinusitis is a serious and dangerous disease that, in the absence of therapy and minor symptoms, causes lethargy and unmotivated fatigue in the body. Because of this, intoxication occurs.

The patient's conservative methods are distinguished by a wide range of different procedures. They can be carried out both in the acute form and in the course of remission.

There are several key principles that guide the treatment of the chronic form of the disease:

Antibiotics for chronic sinusitis.

The course of antibiotics is prescribed only by a specialist. Often, doctors prescribe Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid, which are used in a combined way. If the patient suffers from a reaction to individual drugs, their substitutes are used.

Antibiotics prove their effectiveness in a matter of days: usually five to six days are enough for the first analysis. Strong antibiotics are resorted to if no results have been achieved, but the specified period has come to an end. Often, antibiotic therapy lasts a couple of weeks, during which you need to strictly follow the doctor's instructions and do not forget about taking the drugs. The maximum appointment time for individual clinical cases is twenty-one days.

Vasoconstrictor drops.

Vasoconstrictors are approached with caution. Such drugs should be used for no more than a week at a time. It is better to give preference to drops that act gently on the mucous membrane to avoid overdrying: Naphazoline or Oxymetazoline.

Physiotherapy helps in case of exacerbation of the disease. Thanks to the procedures, the condition stabilizes, and the patient's well-being returns to normal in a short time. When it comes to remission, physiotherapy is used to curb the pathology. Only a specialist can prescribe physiotherapy.

Procedures used in therapy:

ultrahigh frequency therapy;
electrotherapy;
inhalation.

Sinus lavage.

For washing the sinuses use the "Cuckoo". The procedure is performed if the sinus fistula does not suffer malfunction and dysfunction. With a neglected or complicated course of the disease, they do not resort to the "Cuckoo". Weakened mucosal immunity can also be the reason for refusing to carry out this method of treatment.

Often there is a combination with laser therapy. This type of washing makes it possible to get rid of pus in the sinuses, while the laser beam will relieve swelling and relieve the inflammatory process. "Cuckoo" refers to painless, albeit unpleasant methods of getting rid of sinusitis. There is no need to use painkillers.

Five to seven sessions are enough to feel an improvement in the patient's well-being. Each session helps to improve breathing and the disappearance of headaches. Basically, the patient's condition begins to improve after the first procedure. Often this method is effective in combination with antibiotics.

Puncture of the maxillary sinus.

Chronic sinusitis is often treated with a puncture. So, it becomes possible to get rid of pus with a syringe. An antiseptic solution is used for washing, and antibacterial drugs are administered.

It can often turn out that the puncture will be the most effective technique in the treatment of the disease, if not the only one. The method is good because it allows you to get rid of pus as soon as possible. This may be especially true for pregnant women.

The most effective preventive measure remains adequate and competent therapy. It is better to get rid of the disease in the initial stages than to suffer with complications later.

It is extremely important for a person facing a problem earlier not to refuse treatment if necessary and to help the body in a timely manner. It is necessary to minimize the possibility of hypothermia, harden the body and balance the diet. So, you can not only get rid of sinusitis forever, but also prevent its very appearance.

Sinusitis can develop even from a simple cold infection. Everything can begin similarly to an acute respiratory disease, accompanied by nasal congestion, loss of smell, general fatigue.

If you ignore these symptoms, they will disappear over time, periodically reappearing and making themselves felt. Does this mean that the disease has begun to pass? No, on the contrary, sinusitis has acquired a chronic form.

Chronic sinusitis is an ailment characterized by a protracted and sluggish course. Its phases constantly alternate, then become aggravated, then go into remission. The disease manifests itself in frequent pains in the head, ailments and. A feature of the disease is the inflamed condition of the maxillary (maxillary) sinus.

In general, any of the sinusitis is a type of sinusitis, which is why the disease is also called the chronic form of maxillary sinusitis. This disease is dangerous because with insufficient or incorrect therapy and erased signs, it leads to intoxication of the body.

What is the cause of the disease

Why does such a problem as a chronic form of sinusitis appear? Chronic sinusitis is the result of undertreatment of acute sinusitis or complications after it. If the patient does not treat inflammatory processes in the nose, then viral or bacterial infections can capture not only the surface of the mucous membrane, but also the bone tissue of the walls of the sinuses.

Getting rid of chronic sinusitis forever is not possible. Of all the problems with nasal breathing, more than 50 percent of cases in adults and young patients (babies and adolescents) fall on the chronic stage of sinusitis.

If we consider the pathogenesis of this disease, then there are factors that favor its progression:

Frequent susceptibility to infectious diseases in the upper respiratory tract.
Smoking habit.
Seasonal diseases.
The presence of hypovitaminosis.
Associated health problems that adversely affect the immune system.
Susceptibility to allergies.
The presence of anatomical anomalies of the nose (curvature of the nasal septum, the development of neoplasms, tumors, polyps, etc.).

Basically, inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is the result of a cold or flu that affects the upper respiratory tract. After acute respiratory infections, an infection of bacterial origin may also begin to develop. Thus, the membranes covering the internal sinuses become inflamed.

The chronic form of sinusitis begins to develop when there is a recurrence of acute inflammation, due to a running inflammatory process in the maxillary sinuses and chronic rhinitis.

Infections of the teeth can cause inflammation of the sinuses. Periodic inflammation of the root on the back teeth is a predisposition to the appearance of sinusitis.

Also, the chronic stage of sinusitis may appear due to disorders that weaken the immune system, or diseases that provoke inflammation and stagnation of mucous masses in the upper respiratory tract. Such diseases include ailments such as:

diabetes;
AIDS;
cystic fibrosis;
Wegener's granulomatosis;
gastroesophageal reflux disease;
fungal sinusitis;
asthma and others.

Sinusitis may appear as a complication of a severe infectious disease.

Often, viruses cause acute sinusitis, and chronic sinusitis is characterized by a bacterial origin. The bacterial pathogen is in the nasopharynx. Bacteria multiply in the blocked sinus and sinusitis appears. Sinusitis of bacterial origin is difficult to treat. Treatment will depend on the cause of the disease, since the antibiotic does not affect viruses.

Allergic reactions to fungal infections can cause some cases of chronic sinusitis. Aspergillus is the most common fungal pathogen associated with sinusitis.

Symptoms of chronic sinusitis

An exacerbation of the chronic form of this disease tends to manifest itself similarly to acute sinusitis. During periods of exacerbation, the sick person suffers from severe headaches, congestion of the nasal passages and mucous secretions from them, elevated body temperature, and pain in the sinuses.

The nature of the manifestations of this disease depends on its forms and how strong the patient's body is.

Symptoms related to purulent form

Difficulty breathing through the nose.
Deterioration of smell up to its complete absence.
Frequent headache with vague localization.
Intoxication, expressed in weakness and weakness, increased fatigue, poor appetite, nervous disorders, subfebrile temperature.
Thick and viscous mucous discharge from the nose, may be purulent.
Ear plugging.
Attacks of coughing caused by irritation of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.
Lachrymation caused by blockage of the nasolacrimal canal is possible.

For symptoms associated with odontogenic (tooth) form, include the following:

The inflammatory process is deployed from the side of the diseased tooth. Treatment by a dentist can lead to the development of this form of the disease, especially when it comes to the upper row of teeth.
Failure of standard treatment regimens, including antibiotic therapy and sinus debridement. In this case, it is necessary to eliminate the dental problem. Without this measure, drug treatment does not give a positive result.
The presence of a heavy fetid odor in nasal discharge.

Pathological processes in the oral cavity caused by problems with the teeth are involved in the occurrence of this form of the disease. The infection affects the maxillary sinus, in which the development of the inflammatory process occurs.

Symptoms of sinusitis associated with different types fungal infection, are the following features:

The discharge from the sinuses has a cheesy texture and a white tint (candidiasis).
The discharge has a thick consistency and a dark grayish (possibly black) tint (aspergillosis).
The discharge has a jelly-like consistency and a yellow tint (moldy fungi).

Long-term drug therapy, characterized by uncontrolled intake of drugs, in particular those having antibacterial properties, can lead to a fungal infection of the nasal sinuses.

A similar form of sinusitis can develop in people suffering from an immunodeficiency state or simply weak immunity. Patients with HIV and people taking cytostatics are at risk.

To the symptoms of a disease that has allergic form, include the following features:

The disease manifests itself paroxysmal, taking into account the periods of seasonal flowering of plants (trees, herbs), in some cases - cereal crops.
Deterioration after contact with the allergen, manifested in bouts of sneezing, itching, tearing, profuse nasal discharge with a liquid vitreous structure, pain in the sinuses.
Perhaps the appearance of a polypous lesion of the mucous membrane of the nasal passages, leading to difficulty breathing.

This form of the disease is dangerous because it depletes the immune system and leads to severe complications.

What is chronic sinusitis

In the classification of this disease, there are the following subspecies of it:

Catarrhal, characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. It swells, reddens, fills with blood. Inside contains a mucous mass.
Purulent, in which instead of a mucous mass, pus accumulates in the sinus.
Parietal-hyperplastic, accompanied by hyperplasia of the mucous membrane with the formation of polyps and profuse discharge from the nose.
Fibrous.
Allergic, caused by the body's reaction to certain irritants and accompanied by swelling of the mucosa with copious nasal discharge.
Cystic, caused by a cyst in the nasal cavity.
Polyposis, the cause of which are polyps that have grown in the nasal cavity.

Sometimes there are cases of combining several forms of the disease, for example, polyposis with a purulent process.

Another classification of chronic sinusitis is based on the causes that cause it. Chronic sinusitis can be:

Traumatic - when the disease is caused by trauma to the cranium, which led to disturbances in nasal breathing.
Rhinogenic - when the disease was provoked by frequent rhinitis.
Odontogenic - when sinusitis arose as a result of dental diseases.
Hematogenous (most common) - when the cause of the disease was the penetration of a bacterial or fungal pathogen into the sinus area.

Regardless of what cause caused this disease, and what form it has, it can be either unilateral or bilateral (when both sinuses are affected).

Diagnostics

At the reception in the clinic, the specialist should study the medical history, listen to the patient's complaints. In addition to a visual examination, the doctor must apply rhinoscopy or other examination methods. During a visual examination, the presence of a thickening of the mucosa (hyperplasia), its redness (hyperemia), swelling, and viscous nasal discharge is determined.

Other methods used to diagnose chronic sinusitis include the following:

Taking a smear during rhinoscopy for bacteriological analysis.
Video endoscopy.
X-ray of the paranasal sinuses.
Puncture of the maxillary sinuses.
Immunogram.

Features of treatment

To date, it is not possible to completely cure chronic sinusitis, alas. However, it is possible to ensure that periods of exacerbation of the disease pass with less pronounced unpleasant symptoms. The main task in this case is the restoration of normal nasal breathing (if not completely, then at least partially) and the destruction of the pathogen.

First of all, the patient needs to sanitize the foci of infection with the use of medicinal preparations. Rinse the maxillary sinuses, freeing them from mucous or purulent masses, as well as destroy pathogenic bacteria, should be special disinfectant solutions.

As a rule, for this purpose, the doctor prescribes drugs belonging to the group of fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins. In addition, the patient is prescribed systemic antibiotics with antibacterial drugs that have a local effect.

To facilitate breathing, it is recommended to use nasal drops and sprays that have a vasoconstrictive effect. They will effectively pierce a stuffy nose and quickly eliminate swelling of the mucosa. However, they cannot be used for a long time, otherwise the opposite effect is possible.

To increase the immune defense of the body, the doctor prescribes to the sick person drugs related to immunoglobulins and immunocorrectors.

As an addition to the main treatment, drugs related to homeopathy are used (nasal sprays and tablets with substances of plant origin). They have an immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory effect.

Their use in the treatment of chronic sinusitis facilitates the patient's condition, helps to restore breathing through the nose, relieve swelling and congestion of the nasal passages, and get rid of snot.

With the allergic nature of the disease, the doctor will prescribe the patient an antihistamine medication.

During periods of remission, it is recommended to undergo procedures such as UHF of the maxillary sinuses, electrophoresis, magnetotherapy, laser therapy, ultrasound manipulations, speleotherapy (treatment using the healing microclimate of salt caves).

The extreme measure prescribed for patients in severe cases of the disease is maxillary sinusectomy, an operation during which a specialist makes a puncture (opening) in the inflamed maxillary sinus for the purpose of its subsequent sanitation.

Folk recipes

How to treat chronic sinusitis at home? Sometimes traditional medicine methods can be an effective addition to the main drug therapy. Many folk recipes, according to the reviews of herbalists, are successfully used in order to alleviate the condition of those suffering from this disease.

In addition to pharmaceutical preparations, herbs with an antiseptic effect can be used:

chamomile;
calendula;
hypericum inflorescences.

A decoction of these plants is used to wash the nasal passages in order to remove pathological contents from them.

An excellent tool are nose drops prepared according to the following recipe: you need to mix a little honey with aloe juice and celandine (1: 1: 1).

You can use sea buckthorn oil instead of nasal drops.

It is advisable to ingest herbal infusions that increase immunity and help the body fight infection. This applies to tinctures on ginseng, eleutherococcus, echinacea.

Used for home treatment of steam inhalation from hot mashed potatoes, a decoction with bay leaves, with the addition of aloe juice and other herbs that relieve nasal congestion and improve the outflow from the sinuses.

You can prepare a healing ointment to cleanse the nasal passages. To do this, mix garlic clove gruel with honey and sunflower oil (1:1:1). Cotton wool turundas lubricated in the resulting mixture are placed in the nostrils and kept there for several minutes.

Propolis infusion is applied topically. Cotton swabs soaked in propolis tincture are placed in the nostrils for half an hour. Manipulation is repeated three times a day. Very soon the patient feels relief of breathing through the nose.

Is it allowed to warm the nose with salt or boiled egg in chronic sinusitis? Without visiting a specialist and his recommendation, this should not be done. Warming the nose area is contraindicated when there is an exacerbation of chronic sinusitis. This procedure can lead to the opposite effect and deterioration of the patient's condition.

The process of treating the chronic form of sinusitis using hydrogen peroxide according to the Neumyvakin method is a common method that belongs to alternative medicine. According to this method, diluted hydrogen peroxide (10 drops of peroxide per tablespoon of water) is instilled into the nasal cavity.

Another non-traditional method of treating chronic sinusitis is the use of ASD (Dorogov's stimulator antiseptic). It is a biogenic stimulant that causes cells to regenerate from within. Many take it orally, after diluting it with water, or use it in the form of compresses.

Dr. Komarovsky is against parents self-medicating sinusitis in a child through folk recipes. First of all, it is necessary to consult with a specialist, including about the possibility of using folk remedies.

Komarovsky insists that any runny nose should be treated with nasal washes with saline to prevent it from drying out. The same applies to the treatment of sinusitis in pregnant women.

Complications

This disease can lead to other diseases. The consequences of chronic sinusitis include:

otitis;
bronchitis or pneumonia;
meningitis;
diseases of the cardiovascular system;
pyelonephritis.

With the right therapy, you can achieve stable remission, avoid relapses of the disease and significantly improve the quality of life.