Symptoms and treatment of irritable bladder syndrome. Causes of irritable bladder syndrome and treatment of pathology What can irritate the bladder

Anatoly Shishigin

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Irritable bladder syndrome is one of the rather delicate problems that disturb patients of any gender, race and age. Often people are embarrassed by such symptoms and avoid visiting a doctor in order not to take antibiotics. Some even use urological pads for hygiene, embarrassed by the manifestation of this disease.

All this significantly reduces the quality of life, comfort in everyday life, and also brings a lot of problems in neurology. Let's take a closer look at irritable bladder syndrome, the symptoms and treatment of which will interest many people with problems in urology.

Organ irritation can be a symptom of a pathology occurring in the body (for example, urinary syndrome with pyelonephritis) or as an independent disease. Normal urination occurs with the complex work of the urinary canals, bladder, fascia and ligaments. In the event of a failure in the genitourinary system or other diseases in this area, it is possible, during the diagnosis, to identify the cause, which will determine the choice of treatment regimen by the doctor.

Anatomy disorders

The anatomical structure of the pelvic region can be disturbed, as well as an increase in the response from the receptors of the bladder to nerve impulses coming from the brain. This kind of anomaly can occur with the constant transfer of weights, intense sports or specific work. Quite often, this disease is observed in obese people or after surgery on the pelvic organs.

Prostate adenoma

Prostatic hyperplasia is often the cause of irritable bladder syndrome in male patients. In this case, nodes appear in the prostate that grow and squeeze the cavity of the urethra from all sides. Due to this, the walls of the urethral canal lose their elasticity, their work is disrupted and frequent urges to deurinate begin.

Patient's age

As a person ages, his hormonal background changes, there is a decrease in the activity of steroid production, the structure in the ligaments and muscles changes, as well as in the vascular walls of all organs of the small pelvis. All these factors together lead to urinary incontinence.

Failure in the central nervous system

When the glands responsible for internal secretion malfunction, this is most often characterized by the development of diabetes mellitus, the formation of malignant and benign tumors. Patients with identified pathologies of this type most often have impaired urination, and inflammation in one of the sections in the spinal cord provokes impaired blood flow in the pelvic area, which causes urinary syndrome.

Sometimes irritable bladder syndrome can be detected in patients without the above causes. In search of a feature that connects such patients, experts have discovered interesting facts. In particular, each of these patients had rather high nervous excitability, experienced frequent depressive states and sleep disorders. In most cases, urinary syndrome proceeded in conjunction with irritable bowel.

In a healthy person, about 2 liters of urine is produced per day in the body, which is consumed in 8 or less acts of urination. If the patient has to visit the toilet more than 10 times a day, then these are symptoms indicating an irritated organ. At the same time, a person experiences a very strong desire to immediately urinate, he does not even have the opportunity to wait for a visit to the toilet.

One of the symptoms can be the way of life that a person leads, when involuntarily he has to choose only those places where there is a toilet cubicle.

On the way to the toilet the patient cannot hold his urine;
Once deurination has begun, it cannot be stopped;
With laughter and coughing, involuntary urination begins;
It is impossible to start urinating when the bladder is full;
Urine flows at the sound of rain or running water;
There is always little fluid released;
There is a persistent feeling of incomplete deurination and residual urine inside.

Clinically, all the syndromes that characterize the urinary syndrome differ from the manifestation of infectious cystitis, the main symptom of which is sharp pain during urination.

Diagnostics of the urinary syndrome

The patient must provide an anamnesis of the disease, on the basis of which the specialist suggests the cause of the disease. If there are signs similar to the symptoms of cystitis, with glomerulonephritis and other diseases of the urinary tract, the doctor must definitely find out about them in order to take into account the symptoms in the diagnosis. The same applies to kidney problems in patients.

The doctor also interrogates the symptoms of the excreted urine, its volume, the sensation of deurination and its frequency. It is necessary to pass general analyzes of biomaterials, urine and blood, for clinical trials. Urine is also tested for cytology to detect cancer cells. The patient is also examined for the development of infections that may have been sexually transmitted.

For examination, urodynamic uroflowmetry or cystometry is prescribed when a small diameter catheter is used. An ultrasound examination of all organs of the genitourinary system can be effective. Before starting the manipulation, the patient needs to empty himself, and the ultrasound will find out the amount of residual urine and its compliance with the norm.

Conducted sonography also allows you to detect various formations and tumors that can cause irritable bladder syndrome. Computed tomography is often performed to clarify the diagnosis. If problems with the endocrine glands are found, an endocrinologist is involved for help. If these reasons were caused by a malfunction of the nervous system, a consultation with a neurologist will be required.

How to treat urinary syndrome?

If the overactive bladder syndrome is an independent disease, it arose for neurogenic reasons. Treatment should focus on bladder training, with the patient avoiding urination for 2 hours. It is important to keep a diary and note indicators for the effectiveness of observation by a doctor. Training consists in performing the prescribed physical set of exercises that strengthens all the muscles of the pelvis.

These exercises are very popular and have been around for over 100 years and have been used to treat incontinence. The author of the exercises is Kegel, who systematized them and deduced the necessary sequence. If irritable bladder syndrome is detected, treatment with such training will give the first results after a couple of weeks of daily exercise.

Physiotherapeutic procedures for the treatment of such diseases are effective when electromagnetic stimulation of the organ is performed. Experts recommend sticking to a diet that includes foods with a high concentration of coarse fiber, in particular, cereals or bran. Such a diet reduces the manifestations of the urinary syndrome, especially if you give up tobacco, alcohol, spices and salt. The drink most loved by many, coffee, is very irritating to the walls in the body, so it must be completely eliminated. It is possible to use vegetable chicory, which tastes like a coffee drink.

Medical treatment

The use of drugs for patients with urinary incontinence due to bladder weakness is the use of tricyclic antidepressants and mild sedative medications. The disease itself plunges the patient into stress, which only worsens the situation.

Three types of drugs have been identified that successfully fight the disease:

alpha-blockers or m-anticholinergics, reduce stimulation in the detrusor, the muscular membrane of the organ. These drugs are the first line in drug treatment, they are very effective and quite safe;
botox. The toxin is injected into the cavity of the bladder in the amount of 25 or 30 pieces. It relieves excessive muscle hypertonicity, regulates acetylcholine, which is excreted by nerve endings. The effectiveness of exposure is limited to 11 months, after which it is necessary to repeat the procedure;
vasopressin and its analogues, which reduce urine filtration and shift urination for the period of night time.

Research continues on the use of estrogens in the treatment of adult women who have been diagnosed with neurogenic bladder syndrome.

ethnoscience

The most effective prevention is the passage of an annual medical examination. If the pathology is "caught" at an early stage, complications and the occurrence of concomitant diseases can be avoided. When symptoms of this disease appear, it is important to restructure the diet, excluding alcohol, citrus fruits and all caffeinated products from it. These factors irritate the mucous walls of the organ, lead to frequent contractions due to increased sensitivity.

Depression, stress and neurosis can cause quite serious physiological disorders of the human body. They lead to sleep problems, irritability and high nervous excitability. Anxiety is often noted. All these psychological factors lead to irritation of the bladder and require the help of a neurologist.

Irritable bladder syndrome is characterized by involuntary spasmodic contraction of the muscle tissues of the organ. The emptying of the bladder occurs due to the detrusor muscle and the urinary sphincter. The detrusor, contracting, pushes urine out of the body, while the sphincter must be relaxed so that urine is freely excreted. Hyperactivity is a serious psychosomatic disorder of urination function, significantly impairs the quality of life, creates problems with sleep and develops depression.

Etiology of the phenomenon

Causes of the syndrome:

The condition can occur due to a neurogenic factor: Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease.
The syndrome can be provoked by a traumatic brain injury, diabetic neuropathy.
Other factors include: the special structure of the bladder, diseases of the genitourinary organs, the age of the patient.
Irritable bladder syndrome can occur due to disorders and pathologies of the nervous system that develop at the central and peripheral levels.
Renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus.
Spinal injury.
Taking medications that increase urine output.
Excess consumption of caffeine.
hereditary predisposition.

Women are more likely than men to suffer from this disorder. Especially often, a pathological condition occurs during menopause due to hormonal changes. An overactive bladder is often found in people prone to depression. In men, irritable bladder syndrome can be caused by an adenoma of the prostate gland. The knots formed in the prostate squeeze the urethra, provoking frequent urge to urinate.

Symptomatic manifestations

Symptoms of pathology:

frequent urge to urinate, more than 10 times a day;
feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
long wait before emptying;
a small amount of urine excreted;
pain in the urethra;
uncontrollable urination with sudden movement or sneezing;
intermittent urination, sluggish stream.

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Diagnostic measures

Signs of overactive bladder have similar symptoms with chronic cystitis of infectious origin. It is necessary to differentiate the etiology of these pathologies at an early stage of development. First of all, the urologist listens to the patient's complaints, collects an anamnesis and conducts an examination. For an accurate diagnosis, a urodynamic study is necessary, men undergo a rectal examination of the prostate. An infectious and inflammatory disease, a benign and malignant tumor of the abdominal organs, and urolithiasis should be excluded. A general analysis of blood and urine, an ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity is carried out.

Irritable bladder syndrome creates a lot of mental problems. The issue of the constant availability of a toilet deprives a person of the opportunity to stay in transport for a long time, to travel. Due to the delicacy of the problem, a person is often in no hurry to seek medical help. This can lead to anxiety disorders and chronic social stress. In no case is it recommended to self-medicate, you should immediately consult a doctor in order to identify the cause of the syndrome and conduct timely treatment.

Treatment of the disease

Violations of excretory functions can lead to intoxication of the body and failure of the organs. If a genitourinary inflammatory infection is detected, appropriate treatment is carried out. When confirming the diagnosis of an irritated bladder, doctors prescribe a comprehensive treatment for the disease. Drug therapy involves the use of sedatives, M-anticholinergics. Electromagnetic stimulation of the organ is used to treat overactive bladder.

It is believed that irritable bladder syndrome may be accompanied by chronic constipation. In this regard, a diet rich in fiber is prescribed. Carbonated drinks and coffee are also excluded from the diet. It is recommended to stop taking liquids 2-3 hours before bedtime. You should reduce the daily amount of fluid you drink. Non-drug therapy offers to train the bladder by strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor. Kegel exercises are recommended for training, which help with all violations of the functions of the organs of the genitourinary system:

Squeeze the muscles of the perineum as if a person is trying to stop the process of urination. At the end point, hold your breath, count to 3 and relax the muscles along with the exhalation. Perform the exercise 10 times, repeat 5-6 times during the day. Over time, you should increase the number of compressions, bringing up to 30 times.
Exercise lift. The previous tension technique is used. Slightly squeeze the muscles and linger in this position, then tighten the muscles even more and stop again, and continue like this for as long as possible. Then sequentially relax the muscles with stops.
Squeeze and unclench the muscles at an accelerated pace.

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Folk methods for strengthening the bladder offer teas with St. John's wort, elecampane, centaury and plantain. Adding honey to herbal decoctions will enhance the healing effect.

If the treatment does not bring the desired result, an injection of Botulinum toxin is used. The action of the drug is aimed at relaxing the muscles of the bladder, while the nerve receptors are not damaged. An endoscopic operation is performed, botulinum toxin is injected into the muscle layer of the organ. The effect of the drug begins to appear after 2-3 days, and will last 1-1.5 years.

Irritable bladder syndrome, its symptoms and treatment is a serious problem faced by adults and children.

It consists in the psychological and somatic destabilization of the urination algorithm. The condition is associated with increased bladder activity, namely a condition that even goes as far as urinary incontinence.

People who are faced with the presented problem experience severe stress, they are forced to adjust their own lives to the syndrome of this irritated organ.

Given that the condition of SRMP is provoked by psychological factors, this worsens the symptoms.

What are the symptoms of SRMS

A person who is faced with the presented disease mainly complains of only one symptom - frequent urination.

Of course, this is extremely inconvenient and even creates obstacles for the preservation of habitual life activity not only for a child, but also for an adult.

In general, the leading symptoms of the syndrome are very difficult to miss, we are talking about:

destabilization of the urination process, which will be accompanied by soreness and itching not only in the organ itself, but also in the urethra or perineum;
frequent urge to urinate during the night;
permanent sensation of only partial emptying of the organ;
the minimum ratio of urine excreted at a time.

In addition, quite often irritable bladder syndrome can be associated with a similar bowel disorder.

Pain in the peritoneum, colitis, and even disorders of the digestive function - all this confirms the psychological origin of the disease.

Irritable bladder syndrome affects not only adult men or women, but also the child.

Additional signs of the disease

The signs of the presented syndrome are very similar to the symptoms of cystitis in acute and chronic form, especially when it comes to an infectious nature.

In this regard, it is very important to diagnose these diseases at the initial stage, because this is what will prevent the spread of infectious lesions and serious lesions in the internal organs.

An indirect manifestation may well be a person’s lifestyle, as a result of which he tries to leave the apartment less often or stay exclusively in such rooms or locations where he can freely visit the toilet room.

At the presented stage of the disease, a person is tormented by such manifestations as the inability to hold urine, for example, on the way to the toilet.

Irritable bladder syndrome is characterized by the following symptoms of the disease:

the beginning of independent urination with laughter;
excretion of urine with the echoes of a falling drop of water from a tap or with a drop, the sound of rain;
a feeling of soreness in the area of \u200b\u200ba irritated organ, provoking psychological problems.

Given all this, experts draw attention to the fact that in the case of irritable bladder syndrome and symptoms, treatment should begin as early as possible. This will help to avoid the development of complications and critical consequences.

Diagnosis of the disease

In order to determine the diagnosis, the urologist must examine the patient.

First, a patient with suspected irritable bladder syndrome is asked to describe how much water they drink per day. History is being collected.

Then you need to conduct a holistic analysis of blood and urine.

The ultrasound of the pelvic organs is scrupulously studied.

If there is a possibility of developing an infectious lesion, then a urodynamic examination is performed.

If the patient belongs to the male sex, then in his case a rectal examination is also carried out.

How to start a recovery course

If irritable bladder syndrome is an independent pathological condition, then in this case the main factor in its formation is neurogenic (nervous) in nature.

Treatment should be based on and begin with the training of an irritated bladder, for example, the patient is obliged to visit the toilet no more than once in 120 minutes.

If this does not help to cope with neurogenic factors, they resort to performing special exercises and drug therapy.

Complexes of exercises to combat SRMP

One of the most important components of therapy should be considered the implementation of a whole range of exercises to normalize the condition of the pelvic muscles.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that:

Kegel exercises are used for urinary incontinence, prostatitis, as well as impotence and other dysfunctions;
in the process of training, such muscles are activated that are responsible for the process of urination;
The advantage of exercise is that it can be done anytime and anywhere;
a positive result is obvious after two to three weeks from the start of regular classes.

Kegel gymnastics

Therapy for irritable bladder syndrome is also carried out with the help of certain physiotherapeutic interventions.

The most effective among them can be called electromagnetic stimulation of the organ, which allows you to cope with a number of other diseases. However, such an intervention should be prescribed only after a full examination.

Medical therapy

Treatment with various pharmacological formulations is used in patients with progressive urinary incontinence, which is formed due to bladder weakness.

The latter measure is necessary due to the fact that the irritable bladder syndrome pushes the patient to permanent stress.

There are three types of medicines, the use of which is recommended in this case.

The first are M-cholinolytics and alpha1-blockers. They can be used both separately and together. Their influence lies in a noticeable decrease in the work of the muscular membrane of the bladder, which relieves irritation in this area. These are used as an initial line in the treatment of irritable organ syndrome and represent a means with a high degree of effectiveness and, no less important, safety.
The second category of drugs is botulinum toxin (Botox). Speaking of them, it should be borne in mind that:

we are talking about intravesical injection of Botox injections in the amount of 25-30 pieces;
they normalize muscle tone, slow down the excretion of acetylcholine from the nerve ending;
the duration of Botox exposure is no more than 12 months, after which the procedure will need to be repeated.

The third category of drugs is one of the analogues of vasopressin. The presented drug reduces the formation of urine and shifts the urinary cycle for the period of the night.

I would also like to draw attention to the fact that today they are conducting studies related to the admissibility of the use of estrogens in relation to irritable bladder syndrome exclusively in women aged 50 and over.

Effect of Diet on SRMP Treatment

Special attention deserves how the diet affects the treatment of the syndrome. The diet is, of course, one of the main components of the treatment.

The diet will help to cope with the symptomatic manifestations of the disease, because they will accompany the underlying disease.

In order to speed up the recovery process, it is strongly recommended to give up nicotine and alcohol addiction, the use of salt and spices, the use of fatty, fried, smoked foods.

It must be remembered that coffee irritates the walls of an irritated organ, and therefore it is strongly recommended to completely exclude it from the diet in order to treat irritable bladder syndrome even easier.

Irritable bladder syndrome occurs in people of all ages and is accompanied by discomfort in the lower abdomen.

The disease leads to a deterioration in the quality of life, poor health in the absence of treatment.

What is it - symptoms

Irritable bladder syndrome is psychosomatic disorder urination processes, accompanied by frequent urge to empty the bladder.

A person cannot hold urine, which causes awkward situations and stress. This becomes a huge problem, as a person is forced to adjust his life to this disease.

The syndrome usually occurs for psychological reasons. Having got rid of stress, the syndrome gradually disappears, the process of urination is restored.

Symptoms of the syndrome vary depending on the sex and age of the person.

Among women

To disease symptoms irritations of the bladder mucosa include:

Soreness and itching in the vulva.
Pain in the lower abdomen.
Frequent urination: 10-12 times a day.
Urination at night: more than twice a night.
A small amount allocated at a time.
Inability to hold urine.
Redness of the external genitalia.

How to strengthen the bladder in women, read our article.

In men

Symptoms of the disease in men are:

Pain and itching in the genital area.
Painful and frequent urination: up to 12-14 times a day and up to 3 times at night.
Feeling of insufficient emptying of the bladder.
Pain in the lower abdomen.
Urinary incontinence.
Insomnia.
Redness in the genital area.
Weakness.
Paleness of the skin.
Decreased erection.

In children

This ailment also occurs in. He appears in the following way:

The child complains of pain in the abdomen and in the genital area.
Redness and itching of the genitals.
Frequent urination: up to 12 times a day.
Too little fluid comes out during urination.
Urinary incontinence.
At night, the child goes to the toilet at least three times.
Paleness of the skin.
Weakness, decreased performance.
Laughter can cause involuntary urination.

Causes

The disease develops and develops for other reasons:

Regular weight lifting.
Violation of the nervous system: stress, depression.
Hormonal imbalance.
Ovarian cyst.
Congenital defects of the urinary tract.
Urinary tract injury.
Epilepsy.
Nephritis.
Urethritis.
Parkinson's disease.
Alzheimer's disease.
Effects of drugs and alcoholic beverages on the functioning of the nervous system.

Diagnosis of the disease

To determine the disease on your own will not work, you need the help of specialists.

In the hospital to determine the syndrome diagnostic methods are used:

Analysis of urine.
Blood test.
pelvic organs.
Rectal examination of the prostate.
Sonography.
Cystometry.
Uroflowmetry.

After the diagnosis, doctors determine the cause of the problem, prescribe optimal treatment.

How to treat bladder irritation?

First of all, patients are prescribed drugs:

Detrol.
Novopassit.
Sedavit.

These funds reduce bladder activity, normalize the process of urination.

The dosage and duration of medication are set by the doctor.

In the hospital, patients are given course of botulinum toxin injections. Injections are injected into the walls of the bladder, due to which its muscles relax, the work of the urination channels is normalized. The course of injections is prescribed by a specialist, usually lasting several months.

In a hospital setting, physiotherapy is carried out, in which it is used electrical stimulation of the pelvic muscles. For this, special devices are used. The duration of the course depends on the stage of the disease, the characteristics of the patient's body.

Vegetables and fruits must be present in the patient's diet. You should refrain from sweet carbonated and alcoholic drinks.

Healthy food will help normalize the functioning of the urethra.

They also help you get well folk remedies.

Usually cooked infusion of St. John's wort and. Each plant is taken in 3 tablespoons, mixed with a liter of boiling water. The solution is infused for two hours, after which it is filtered. It is consumed 1/3 cup 2-3 times a day in between meals.

It is also effective infusion of thyme and elecampane. You need to mix one tablespoon of thyme, two tablespoons of elecampane and a liter of boiling water. The solution is infused for three hours, after which it is filtered. It is consumed two tablespoons three times a day between meals.

Plantain infusion will help normalize the functioning of the urethra. To do this, mix one tablespoon of the plant and 500 ml of boiling water. The solution must be infused for at least 30 minutes, then strain. Use the prepared infusion 1/3 cup twice a day after meals.

If these methods do not lead to recovery, apply surgical method. With its help, part of the muscles of the bladder is removed, while its sensitivity decreases. This leads to recovery, normalization of the urinary canals.

There is another surgical method in which part of the organ is replaced with a fragment of the large or small intestine.

The bladder also gets bigger. increased ability to retain urine. A person ceases to suffer from an illness, recovers.

Optimal surgical method selected by the doctor individually. Such methods are rarely used. Usually the patient recovers after taking drugs, medicinal infusions.

Irritable bladder syndrome is a serious ailment that needs to be treated when the first ones appear. The sooner action is taken, the sooner you can recover.

Learn interesting facts about the bladder from the popular science video:

Irritable bladder syndrome (hyperactivity, SRMP) is a dangerous psychosomatic disease that can affect both women and men. It is characterized by involuntary contraction of the muscles of the bladder. Only a doctor who will select the necessary treatment will help get rid of the problem.

signs

This disease may present with one or more symptoms. The disease interferes with leading a normal life, because the urge to urinate occurs suddenly and often (over 10 times a day). This happens even when there is very little urine in the bladder. Sometimes the urge is so strong that the person cannot even run to the toilet. This does not give him the opportunity to leave the house, quietly visit public places, work normally.

A healthy person produces about 2 liters of urine per day, and the number of trips to the toilet does not exceed 8 times. But bladder diseases affect these parameters. With SRMP, a person has to go to the toilet more often even with less urine.

In addition to frequent urges, the patient has the following symptoms:

painful emptying of the bladder;
urge to urinate even at night;
discomfort in the perineum, lower abdomen;
after going to the toilet there is no feeling of complete emptying.

Important!

Statistics show that hyperactivity occurs more often in women.

Causes

There are neurogenic factors that provoke the development of irritable bladder syndrome. These include:

diseases that affect the spinal cord or brain;
alcoholic or diabetic neuropathy;
trauma to the head or back, which resulted in damage to the brain and spinal cord, respectively;
operation;
stroke;
congenital pathology of the spinal cord.

A number of other factors that are not related to neurogenic:

age-related changes (applies to both men and women);
bladder pathology;
diseases of the genitourinary system;
menopause (cardinal changes in the hormonal background, as well as physical condition occur in the woman's body);
sensory disturbances.

There is a theory that people who often suffer from depression are nervous, worried, more prone to this disease. At the same time, attention disorders and irritable bowel syndrome can also be observed.

How to cure?

Irritable bladder syndrome brings a person problems that prevent him from leading a normal life, so you need to get rid of it as soon as possible. There are drug and non-drug therapies, as well as surgery.

Medical therapy

This method of treatment involves the use of drugs. The doctor prescribes sedatives to each individually, it all depends on the degree of hyperactivity and on the symptoms.

This method of treatment also includes injections that are made directly into the walls of the bladder. With their help, the symptoms of SRMP are removed and urinary incontinence is prevented.

Non-drug therapy

Such treatment includes:

electrical stimulation of the bladder;
training and strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor;
fluid restriction;
the use of foods rich in fiber;
scheduled toilet visits
refusal of carbonated drinks, coffee.

Surgery

This method of treatment is rarely used. There are two ways to solve the problem with surgery:

Replacement of the bladder with part of the intestine.
Excision of the muscles of the bladder, due to which more urine can fit into it.

These procedures are complex and often cause dangerous consequences. Sometimes doctors have to cross nerves.

SIRS can affect anyone, but it is more common in women. The first symptoms of hyperactivity are a reason to see a doctor. He will conduct a proper examination and prescribe treatment that will alleviate the patient's condition. Recommendations will also be given on nutrition, adherence to the regime, which are worth listening to.