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What does English grammar look like by levels?

In this post, we will discuss in detail what grammar is taught at different levels of learning English - from beginner to advanced. Let's see examples of this grammar and do a little test.

Just in case, let me remind you that grammar is just one aspect of learning a language. Necessary, useful, yes. But far from the only one.

And how good it would be - I learned grammar and, consider, mastered English))

English grammar by levels

You will see that often the same grammar is repeated at different levels. Read more about why this happens in. Briefly:

• not all grammatical constructions are learned the first time (repetition is the mother of learning)))
• at lower levels, phenomena are considered separately from each other, and at higher levels they are compared with each other
• as the level of English improves, it turns out that each grammatical construction has nuances and subtleties, about which insidious teachers are silent for the time being, so as not to create confusion

English grammar by levels - in different textbooks - looks about the same. Therefore, I will take as a basis one of the most popular textbooks - English File.

By the way, this English grammar by levels can be a kind of test. Take a look at any section and see if you understand sentences with grammar examples? But - more importantly - do you use such constructions in speech? If not, it might not be your level yet. If yes, go to the next level and do the same.

English grammar by levels - a short way to the desired section:

Grammar level Beginner / Starter

At the Beginner level, the basics of the basics go through - the simplest constructions. At the same time - and the most important, because all the complex grammar of higher levels will be based on them.

At this level, a lot of attention is paid to forms - again, to achieve a certain automatism in simple things like I am, you are, he is. Grammar constructions at the Beginner level are mostly treated separately from each other to avoid confusion of comparisons and nuances.

Elementary Grammar

The Elementary level is very similar to the previous level. I will say more, often instead of Beginner, my students and I take on Elementary right away, we just go through it a little more carefully.

Grammar Elementary almost one to one repeats the grammar of the previous level.

Pre-intermediate grammar

At the Pre-intermediate level, they are already starting to compare different designs with each other and find out the nuances. Why is somewhere better to say I study economics, and somewhere I'm studying economics.

Grammar at the Intermediate level

At the Intermediate level, they also compare already familiar phenomena with each other and, of course, study new ones.

Upper-intermediate grammar

By the advanced level of Upper-intermediate, the basics of the basics are usually enlightened. The basics have already been completed. It remains to repeat them a little and proceed to the interesting and subtleties of grammar.

Advanced Grammar

That's all English grammar by levels.

Does English grammar really end after the Advanced level? No, of course)) If you look at the levels, there is also the Proficiency level, but the lines of conversational courses really end at the Advanced level.

Perhaps this is because:

• even an ambitious English user rarely needs a level higher than Advanced (not to mention the average learner who stops in the Intermediate area)
• at high levels, people already know how to find the necessary authentic materials on their own and organize their own learning
• at high levels, many think about a more practical and targeted use of English - for example, preparing for international exams (IELTS, TOEFL and others) or specialized courses in a profession

And there are still a lot of subtleties even after the Advanced level!

How do you like English grammar by level?

Did you manage to determine your level with it? Share in the comments!

We present you the first article in the series "English Grammar for Beginners". In this series of materials, we decided to state all the rules briefly and in simple words, so that beginners from scratch or those who do not remember the basics of English well can independently understand the grammar, understand it and apply it in practice.

Plural in English

In English, as in Russian, all words are divided into countable and uncountable. This is important to understand when forming the plural of a word. Countable nouns denote those items that can be counted, for example: table (table), book (book), apple (apple). Uncountable nouns are abstract concepts, liquids, products, etc., that is, something that cannot be counted. For example: knowledge (knowledge), water (water), meat (meat), flour (flour). These words do not have a plural or singular.

Countable nouns can be used in singular and plural. A singular noun denotes one object, this is the form of the word that is indicated in the dictionary: apple - apple. The plural noun denotes several objects: apples - apples.

How the plural of nouns is formed:

Usually the plural of nouns is formed by adding the ending -s to the word: book - books (book - books). However, there are several spelling peculiarities:

• If the word ends in -o, -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, then add the ending -es: hero - heroes (hero - heroes), bus - buses (bus - buses).

  Exceptions: photo - photos (photo - photographs), video - videos (video recording - video recordings), radio - radios (radio - several radios), rhino - rhinos (rhinoceros - rhinos), piano - pianos (piano - several pianos), hippo - hippos (behemoth - hippos).

• If the word ends in -f, -fe, then change the ending to -ves: knife - knives (knife - knives), leaf - leaves (leaf - leaves), wife - wives (wife - wives).

  Exceptions: roof - roofs (roof - roofs), giraffe - giraffes (giraffe - giraffes), cliff - cliffs (cliff - cliffs).

• If the word ends in -y, which is preceded by a consonant, then we change -y to -ies: body - bodies (body - bodies).
• If the word ends in -y, which is preceded by a vowel, then add the ending -s: boy - boys (boy - boys).

In English there is exception words, which form the plural not according to the rules. You just need to learn such words by heart, fortunately, there are not very many of them.

Try our quiz to see how well you've learned the material.

English Plural Noun Test

Articles in English

There are two types of article in English: definite and indefinite. They are not translated into Russian. In the overwhelming majority of cases, one of these articles must be placed before a noun in the singular.

The indefinite article a/an is used only with singular countable nouns: a girl (girl), a pen (pen). If the word begins with a consonant, we write the article a (a girl), and if the word begins with a vowel, we write the article an (an apple).

The indefinite article a/an is used in the following cases:

• We call any, some kind of indefinite object, and we have only one, so we use the article a, which comes from the word one (one):

  It is a book. - This is a book.

• We first mention the subject in a speech:

  I see a shop. - I see (some, one of the many) store.

• We talk about a person’s profession or indicate his belonging to a certain group:

  He is a teacher. - He is a teacher.
  She is a student. - She is a student.

We put the definite article the when we are talking about a specific subject familiar to us. This article can appear before a noun in the singular or plural.

The definite article the is used in the following cases:

• We have already mentioned the subject earlier in our speech:

  I see a shop. The shop is big. - I see a store. (This) Store is big.

  It is believed that the definite article comes from the word that (that), therefore it is intended to point to some specific object familiar to the interlocutors.

• We are talking about an object that in this context is one of a kind, it cannot be confused with something else:

  Honey, I'm washing the car. - Honey, I'm washing the car. (there is one car in the family, so we are talking about a specific subject)
  look at the girl in the red dress. - Look at the girl in the red dress. (we point to a specific girl in a specific dress)

• We are talking about a one-of-a-kind object, there is no other like it: the sun, the moon, the world, the President of France, etc.:

  The earth is our home. - Earth is our home.

verb to be

There is always a verb in an English sentence. And if in Russian we can say “I am a doctor”, “Mary is beautiful”, “We are in the hospital”, then in English this is unacceptable: in all these cases, the subject must be followed by the verb to be. Therefore, you can remember a simple rule: if there are no ordinary verbs in the sentence, then the verb to be is needed.

The verb to be has three forms:

• Am is added to the pronoun I when we talk about ourselves:

  I am beautiful. - I'm beautiful.

• Is put after the pronouns he, she, it:

  She is beautiful. - She's beautiful.

• Are is used after you, we, they:

  You are beautiful. - You are handsome.

The verb to be in English is most often used in the following cases:

• We inform you by whom is a person (name, profession, etc.):

  I am a doctor. - I'm a doctor.

• We inform you what a person or object possesses a quality:

  Mary is beautiful. - Mary is beautiful.

• We inform you where there is a person or object:

  We are at the hospital. - We're in the hospital.

Sentences with the verb to be in the present tense are constructed as follows:

We think you are now ready to take the test and test your knowledge.

Test for the use of the verb to be

Present Continuous Tense - present continuous tense

Present Continuous Tense most often shows that the action is happening at the moment.

Every English sentence has a subject and a predicate. In Present Continuous, the predicate consists of the auxiliary verb to be in the required form (am, is, are) and the main verb without the particle to, to which we add the ending -ing (playing, reading).

She is playing tennis now. - She is now plays to tennis.
I am reading a novel at the moment. - I am currently I read novel.

The verb to be in this tense is an auxiliary verb, that is, it is a word that comes before the main verb (playing, reading) and helps to form tense. You will meet auxiliary verbs in other tenses, this kind of verbs include to be (am, is, are), do/does, have/has, will.

Pay attention to the following words-indicators of time Present Continuous: now (now), at the moment (at the moment), today (today), tonight (tonight), these days (these days), nowadays (these days), at present (currently), still (still).

Affirmative sentences in Present Continuous tense are formed as follows:

Usually at this time, you just need to add the ending -ing to the main verb: walk - walking (walk), look - looking (look). But some verbs change like this:

• If the verb ends in -e, we remove -e and add -ing: write - writing (write), dance - dancing (dance).

  Exception: see - seeing (see).

• If the verb ends in -ie, we change -ie to -y and add -ing: lie - lying (to lie), die - dying (to die).
• If the verb ends in a stressed syllable with a short vowel that stands between two consonants, the final consonant is doubled when -ing is added: begin - beginning (to begin), swim - swimming (to swim).

In negative sentences in the Present Continuous, you just need to insert the particle not between to be and the main verb.

She isn't cooking at the moment. - She is currently doesn't cook.
You are not listening to me now. - You don't listen me now.

In interrogative sentences in Present Continuous, you need to put the verb to be in the first place, and after it put the subject and the main verb.

Is she cooking at the moment? - She is trains At the moment?
Are you listening to me now? - You got me now listening?

And now we offer to take a test on the use of Present Continuous time.

Test for the use of Present Continuous

We have presented you the first 5 basic topics of the English language. Now your task is to thoroughly understand them and work them out as productively as possible with the help of exercises. In order not to immediately load you with a large amount of grammar, we will release the next article in this series in a few weeks. Subscribe to our newsletter, then you will definitely not miss important information. We wish you success in learning English!

Everything in our life is subject to rules, and so are linguistic phenomena. The elusive English can still be caught in the net and placed in memory.

Starting to learn a language, you still wonder where to start or how best to remember. To learn to read, write and speak, it is not enough just to memorize the dictionary. After all, each word is interconnected with another, they are modified under the influence of each other. Acquainted with the basic rules of the English language, having mastered them, you will not only understand the “soul” of foreign speech, but also learn how to express yourself logically and correctly. After all, the main goal of training is to learn to communicate and not feel language barriers.

All English language rules conditionally divided into groups. Let's look at some of them.

Introduction to English grammar it is better to start with the study of parts of speech: noun, adjective, verb and adverb. Of particular difficulty are temporary groups, which, unlike Russian, are much larger. The English express desire, opportunity and ability to act with the help of modal verbs, and Russian participial and participle phrases are translated into English through impersonal forms of the verb.

Your speech will not be complete enough if you do not get acquainted with the numerals and do not learn how to correctly name the date, year and time. In communication, we constantly transmit the speech of one person to another. This is subject to the rules of direct and indirect speech, which have not only spelling features, but also temporary changes. Such an unusual part of speech, a bit alien to the Russian speaker, like the article, plays one of the main roles in the language vacuum of the English language. Well, spice can be called conjunctions, prepositions and particles that transform speech, give expressiveness and expressiveness.

On a separate line, you can display such rules of the English language as . Unlike the Russian language, English punctuation marks are not so difficult, but without them it will be impossible to write a competent letter or essay.

To make your speech in English understandable, you will have to spend a lot of time phonetics and phonetic rules. There are not very many of them, but you still have to learn all the letter combinations and their reading norms.

With lexical side the language also needs to be enriched. And this is not only vocabulary replenishment, but the ability to correctly build sentences, give short answers, use a clear statement structure, study idioms and phrasal verbs.

The basic rules of the English language can be found in any grammar book, but each of them is presented in a different way.

Of course, you can talk about the rules of the English language endlessly, because there are actually a lot of them. Grabbing everything at once is not worth it, as well as getting hung up on one thing. Learn and improve the language in a complex: both from the grammatical, and from the lexical, and from the phonetic sides.

English grammar for beginners seems to be something unbearable. Articles, pronouns, verbs - the English language has a huge number of rules that are not so easy to transfer to Russian. This raises doubts, but is it worth starting at all? Is it worth it to dive into English grammar without a certain certainty that you can master it? No, with such an attitude, you definitely won’t be able to sail far in the study. Therefore, it is important to discard all doubts and stereotypes. Believe me, English grammar can be learned on your own and in the shortest possible time. All that is required of you is constancy and perseverance, and we will help you with everything else.

First, let's figure out what the grammar of this language is. The English grammar or English grammar is a set of all rules that relate to prepositions, prefixes, parts of speech, types of English verbs and their tenses, sentence members, and so on.

In simple words, everything that is in the English language is its grammar. Accordingly, a frequent question about how to learn grammar , has a very simple answer: to learn English grammar, you just need to learn the language. Of course, it will not be possible to analyze all the nuances in one article. Why, even books in which they promise to show you the entire grammar of the English language from scratch with exercises, in fact, they will never tell you about all the grammar. Therefore, we have collected only the most basic rules that are best suited for beginners.

How can you learn English grammar without even knowing the rules of pronunciation. Let's start with them. The rules for reading letters in English is a rather extensive topic, since with a certain combination their pronunciation may change. However, let's not go too deep and consider the standard pronunciation of letters, which, by the way, are 26 in English. When mastering the topic of pronunciation, special attention is paid to transcription, which, as a rule, is indicated in square brackets:

English Grammar: Articles

When studying English grammar, there can be a lot of confusion with, since they have no analogues in Russian. Articles are usually used with nouns to show whether the reference is to a specific object (that bag) or an indefinite one ((some) person). In total, there are 3 types of articles:

1. Zero article or its absence:

1. The indefinite article a / an, which is used when you are not paying attention to a specific thing, but simply talking about the subject as a whole. The indefinite article is also used when you first mention something to someone:

Note that if the noun or adjective that describes it begins with a consonant, the article "a" is used, and if with a vowel, "an".

1. The definite article the, expressing specific objects:

In speech, they are constantly encountered, so be sure to remember.

Nouns in English Grammar

English grammar from scratch very often starts with nouns. Perhaps this is because English nouns have a lot in common with Russian ones. For example:

• they are also divided into own and common nouns:

• can change in numbers, forming the plural with the ending -s (-es):

• have cases, although their number is limited to only two:

• perform the roles of all members of the proposal, examples:

The difference lies in the fact that, unlike the Russian language, English nouns do not change by gender. Only pronouns have it.

English Grammar: Pronouns

Pronouns in English are divided into 9 subgroups, but the most popular are rightfully personal pronouns. They change in cases, tenses and numbers:

English Grammar: Verbs

The verb in English is perhaps the most important part of speech. It can be personal or impersonal. Personal verbs include those verbs that are used with all persons and at all times. They can be used in both active and passive voices:

Impersonal include gerund, infinitive and participle:

Both regular and irregular verbs have 3 forms. The correct ones are formed as follows:

Incorrect ones have 3 individual forms that need to be memorized, for example:

It is necessary to know all these forms, since with the help of them the formation of tense verb forms takes place.

In addition, verbs have three moods:

Particular attention should be paid to modal verbs. Modal verbs are verbs that are not used on their own. They are necessary to show the attitude of the speaker to some action. Some of the most used modal verbs are:

English Grammar: Adjectives

An adjective in English denotes a sign of an object and answers the questions “what?” and "whose?". In simple terms, it is used to describe objects and persons. According to their structure, adjectives are divided into 3 groups:

These and other adjectives can be used in 3 degrees of comparison:

English Grammar: Adverbs

The descriptive function is also characteristic of adverbs, which are responsible for the expression of the sign of action. It is of several types:

They can also have degrees of comparison:

English grammar: numerals

Numerals, as in Russian, are quantitative and ordinal:

Except for the first 3 digits, the rest of the ordinal numbers are formed with -th (-eth). In English ordinal numbers can be written using a number and the last two letters of the ending: second - 2nd, ninth - 9th, sixteenth - 16th and so on.

English Grammar: Interjections

It is impossible not to note the independent part of speech, the use of which helps to convey emotions and feelings, namely interjections. They can be divided into 3 groups:

Service parts of speech

The service parts of speech of English grammar are used quite often. Let's consider some of them:

• Unions connect members of a sentence, as well as simple sentences as part of a complex one. By structure, they are divided into:

According to their functions, they are divided into coordinating and subordinating:

• Prepositions are used at least as often as conjunctions. According to their structure, they are divided into exactly the same groups:

In addition to their main purpose, prepositions are always used with the following verbs:

• Particles are another service part of speech. There are 5 types of particles in English:

English grammar: word order in a sentence

Sentences in English are affirmative, negative and interrogative. They are built as follows:

According to these tables, offers are made at any time.

English Grammar: Tenses

There are 12 temporary forms in English. They are formed using 3 tenses and 4 temporary types:

Knowing these forms, you can form any sentences.

English grammar: types of sentences

By the way, about the proposals. As in Russian, English sentences are divided into simple and complex. Complex ones are subdivided into compound and complex.

It is worth noting that, despite the fact that most sentences in English are complete, the use of incomplete sentences is also acceptable. As a rule, this option is used in colloquial speech, so this is rather a practical grammar of the English language:

These were the basic rules of grammar. Of course, it is impossible to fit all the material here, alas. However, knowing at least the mentioned rules of the English language, you will already feel quite confident during the conversation. As for conversations. A collection of English exercises or another version of descriptive information is, of course, good. However, believe me, the practical grammar of the English language is incomparable in its effectiveness. By communicating, language learners can learn much more than by sitting at a book. Therefore, do not hesitate to communicate with native speakers.

Imagine that you need to start something completely new for you right now. For example, get behind the wheel of a car, bake pies for the first time, bathe a newborn in a bath. What will you start with? Options:

1. I'll take it and do it, what's the problem.
2. I read first on the Internet or in books how this is done.
3. Call a friend experienced in this matter.
4. Help from the hall (I will ask another).
5. Learn from a professional.
6. I won't do it.

The option you choose characterizes you very clearly. If we are talking about English grammar, then depending on which method you prefer above, the following is expected:

1. Bugaga (the teachers and the English laugh, who heard you speak in English).
2. Adding patience and time to this, you yourself will learn all the rules.
3. Add to this the patience of a friend and his time, you will learn all the rules under his guidance.
4. You will not learn anything, but you will listen to how others do it.
5. Adding money to this, you will learn all the rules.
6. You can go skiing, meet friends in a cafe, sleep, eat - in general, life is good.

As you can see, in order to understand English grammar, in theory, you need only three things: a source of rules, time and patience. The first one is offered to you in these articles, but you will have to cope with the other two components on your own.

Thus, we give you a fishing rod, and you will catch the fish yourself. What is the beauty of our fishing rod? It is lightweight, comfortable and easy to use. We will not load you with terrible grammar terms, torment you with long lists, flickering arrows, diagrams on an A4 spread and other tricks that some English teachers scare.

There is nothing particularly difficult in English grammar, unlike many other European languages ​​​​(not to mention Oriental and African). You can simply read these articles like a fiction book. Even if you master the minimum, at the finish line you will find that you own most of the rules that previously seemed unbearable.

As an example, let's do something already in the introductory part. What does speech consist of? From phrases. What is a phrase? From suggestions. What does the offer consist of? Stop! Let's clarify: what does the ENGLISH sentence consist of? Subject and predicate. Usually this is a noun and a verb (just don't say that you don't remember these words anymore): the dog is running, the passerby is screaming, the dog is barking, the owner is yelling. True, a noun can be successfully replaced by a pronoun: she runs, you scream, she barks, I yell.

You have just listened to a roundup lecture on parts of speech. What do you remember? At least the words "noun" and "verb" for you are already associated with grammar, and not cooking or construction work. And more is not needed. Are you ready to continue in the same rhythm?

Follow me (follow me).

Parts of speech:

1. Numerals(The Numeral)
1.1 Cardinal and ordinal numbers
2. Pronouns(The Pronoun)
2.1 Personal and possessive pronouns
2.2 Demonstrative and negative pronouns
2.3 Indefinite and reflexive pronouns

5. Adjective(The Adjective)
5.1 Comparisons of adjectives

7. Noun(The noun)
7.1 Noun in English. Noun classification

8. Verb(The verb)
8.1 Verbs in English. General information about verbs
8.2 Regular and irregular English verbs
8.3 Semantic and auxiliary verbs
8.4 Modal and linking verbs