Training option 13 in social studies. Historical stratification system

How to prepare for social studies:

  1. Constant practice is needed.
    • Pay special attention to the exam in social studies 2019. A demo from FIPI will help you understand the structure of the ticket, understand the requirements. guide you on what topics to study.
    • prepared for the solution 10 training options with answers. They are developed by teachers on the basis of a demo version.
    • The more tests are solved, the higher the preparedness will be, since the memorization mechanism is triggered. Don't be lazy to work on the bugs. Solve online tests every week until you make mistakes. Registered users on the site can track the statistics of solved tests.
  2. Manage your time correctly to solve practice tests in order to get the maximum number of points.
    • Tasks 1-3 and 10 are solved in 1-4 minutes;
    • Tasks 4-9 and 11-28 are given from 2 to 8 minutes;
    • Tasks 29 - 45 minutes.
  3. Work with text

      To perform typical tasks 21-24, skills in working with textual information are important. When training to solve USE tests in social studies online, pay attention to tasks that require not only extracting and reproducing the essence from the information canvas, but also interpretation, your own understanding of what is said or written, and the involvement of social science knowledge in the formulation.

      Task No. 29 (essay) includes 5 alternative tasks focused on writing an essay on one of 5 topics. Topics are statements by famous public figures, as well as representatives of politics, science and culture. The task is traditionally considered the most difficult in CIMs.

      Helpful Hint: to write a high-quality essay, you must be able to reveal the meaning of a judgment (statements, quotes), draw on the studied provisions of the social sciences, draw your own conclusions and concretize with vivid examples.


Converting points to grades

  • 0-41 points - "unsatisfactory";
  • 42-54 points - "triples";
  • 55-66 points - "good";
  • 67 points and above - "excellent".

The minimum is 42 and the maximum is 100.

The USE test in social studies consists of:

  • Part 1- out of 20 tasks, with a short answer in the form of a word, a few words or numbers. Half of the tasks belong to the basic level, the other part to the advanced level. The first part is estimated at 35 primary points.
  • Part 2- from 9 tasks, with a detailed answer. Tasks 21 and 22 are basic, and from 23 to 29 - with increased complexity and is estimated at 30 points. See with a detailed answer in social studies.

Remember!

  • In 2019, the exam in social studies is given 235 minutes (3 hours 55 minutes).
  • It is forbidden to take foreign objects (cribs, smartphones, headphones, smart watches, etc.).
  • On the last day before the exam, repeat the material covered, review the solved options again.

We analyze tasks 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 USE in social studies

Test tasks 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 Unified State Examination in social science test knowledge of various topics. It was due to the expansion of such tasks that the USE test was changed in 2016. These tasks can check any of the spheres of society and consist of several answers. The exact number of correct answers is not fixed. And this circumstance is another difficulty of these tasks.

Let's talk about the technology for completing assignments 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 USE in social science. Each task is evaluated by two primary points, which is not a little. If you made 1 mistake, then 1 primary point is put. If you make more than 1 mistake, no points are given.So, let's analyze a few of these tasks and give valuable recommendations.

This task refers us to, or rather to the types of culture that can be observed through the link. In this task, you need to choose the signs of mass culture.

Of course there will be correct answer number 1: "The media presented the television series as a successful commercial project"

Because, as you well know, works of mass culture sell well... at least better than works of other types of culture. Well, where do you go more often, what do you pay for: for a movie in a cinema, or a concert of musical folk instruments? I think the answer is obvious!

Therefore, the answer under the number 2 is not an option to mark!

Option 3 is also incorrect, since self-expression is the main goal in an elite culture. But answer 4 to this task of the Unified State Examination in social studies will be correct: the television series is designed for the average consumer taste. After all, the taste of the layman, for whom mass culture is designed, is not very refined. What do the people need? Panem et circenses - bread and circuses! That is why all sorts of shows are constantly played on the first channel - this is the social demand of the population!

The fifth option is focused on elite culture, not mass culture. If you still don't understand why, I recommend purchasing my video course "Social science: USE for 100 points" , in which I explain everything clearly and on my fingers.

And the last correct one: number 6 "Understanding the TV series does not require special training". In fact, the everyday life of a city hospital can be understood even without special training: sometimes we go there ourselves! πŸ™‚ These weekdays in the TV series are also embellished for sure ..., about what real everyday life of the city hospital, I wrote)

So the correct options are: 1,4,6

From the analysis of this task USE in social science yu follows my first recommendation: you need to know well the signs of certain phenomena from different spheres of society!

Let's analyze one more task from options 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 USE in social studies:

This task is a little more difficult than the previous one. What is the difficulty? In understanding the task: it is necessary to choose the signs of the state as a central political institution. That is: how the state differs from other institutions!

Having correctly understood the meaning of the task, we will choose the correct answers:

1 - has the highest concentration of power;

2 - establishes generally binding norms; (i.e. makes laws)

5 - regulates the activities of citizens in a certain territory.

Other options may be typical for other social institutions, but you need to choose the features that distinguish the state!

This is a kind of secret, and I freely reveal it here ... If you want to get acquainted with the topic in more detail, read my post, and about the article

From this assignment USE in social studies my second recommendation follows: read the question carefully and understand what you are being asked!

Let's analyze the third difficult task of the type 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18 USE in social studies:

The task tests the topic of consciousness and activity. It requires choosing the means of entering the university, that is, the means of activity. The subject of consciousness and activity, I have not openly analyzed anywhere. An analysis of the topic can be viewed in my video course on preparing for USE in social studies .

But we will determine the correct answers in this task:

2 - classes in an art studio;

3 - study of mathematics;

5 - experience in creating their own works.

All these funds will help Ivan to enter the university, to the specialty he has already chosen, and since it is chosen, answer number 6 will be wrong, like the rest.

In future articles, we will continue to analyze difficult tasks. Moreover, for part B, I will make small video tutorials, so don't miss it!

Also, do not forget to solve this task yourself USE in social studies:

Answers can and should be written in the comments!

Presentation simulator for preparing for the exam in social studies in the 2017-2018 academic year. Option 13.

Prepared by the teacher of history and social studies of the MOU "Secondary School with. Perekopnoe, Ershov District, Saratov Region" named after Hero of the Soviet Union Kireev V.I. Ermakov Ivan Alexandrovich


β„–

examples

rationality

Answer:


β„– 1. Write down the word missing in the table.

Features of scientific knowledge

examples

rationality

Empirical data acquire a scientific character only when they are included in the system of theoretical provisions, conclusions

Any theoretical position, hypothesis must be justified

Features of scientific knowledge.

Answer: proof.


β„– 2.

Answer:


β„– 2.

In the row below, find the concept that is generalizing for all the other concepts presented. Write down this word.

Ability; makings; giftedness; talent; genius.

Answer: ability.


β„– 3.

Answer:


β„– 3.

Below are some terms. All of them, with the exception of two, represent features of mass culture.

  • commercial nature; 2) availability; 3) the use of special effects; 4) entertainment character; 5) complexity of form and content; 6) a narrow circle of consumers.

Answer: 5 6


β„– 4.

Answer:


β„– 4.

Choose the correct judgments about society and social changes and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • Society is a combination of all forms of association of people and ways of their interaction.
  • Revolution as a form of social change, as a rule, is carried out at the initiative of the authorities.
  • At the heart of the delimitation of spheres of public life are the basic needs of society and man.
  • The humanistic nature of progress is associated with an increase in production and an increase in labor productivity.
  • Society is a complex system consisting of interconnected and interacting elements.

Answer: 1 3 5.


β„– 5.

Forms of knowledge

A) perception

B) feeling

B) presentation

D) judgment

D) concept

Stages of knowledge

  • sense cognition
  • rational knowledge

Answer: A B C D D


β„– 5.

Establish a correspondence between the forms and stages of cognition: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Forms of knowledge

A) perception

B) feeling

B) presentation

D) judgment

D) concept

Stages of knowledge

  • sense cognition
  • rational knowledge

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D D

1 1 1 2 2


β„– 6.

  • Buddhism
  • Shintoism
  • Christianity
  • Islam
  • Judaism
  • Taoism

Answer:


β„– 6.

Imagine that you are helping the teacher to make a presentation for a social studies lesson on the topic "Religion as a form (area) of spiritual culture." One of the slides is called World Religions. Which of the following should be included on this slide? Write down the numbers under which these religions are indicated.

  • Buddhism
  • Shintoism
  • Christianity
  • Islam
  • Judaism
  • Taoism

Answer: 1 3 4.


β„– 7.

Answer:


β„– 7.

Select the correct judgments about the role of the state in the economy and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • In a market economy, the government sets prices for all goods and services.
  • The state in market conditions carries out centralized planning of production and consumption.
  • The state in the conditions of the market satisfies the need for public goods or public goods.
  • The state has a certain influence on the market economy in the conduct of monetary policy.
  • State intervention in the economy is associated with imperfections in the market mechanism.

Answer: 3 4 5.


β„– 8.

Factors

D) retraining of workers

Types of economic growth

  • intensive
  • extensive

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D D


β„– 8.

Specify the correspondence between factors and types of economic growth: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Factors

A) an increase in the number of service personnel

B) the construction of new enterprises that produce an existing range of products

C) expansion of sown areas

D) retraining of workers

D) replacing obsolete equipment with more modern ones

Types of economic growth

  • intensive
  • extensive

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D D

2 2 2 1 1


β„– 9.

  • banknotes
  • coupons
  • bonds
  • stock

Answer:


β„– 9.

Pyotr Fedorovich invests his savings in the purchase of various securities. Find in the list below the securities that he can acquire in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • investment share of a mutual investment fund
  • property insurance contract
  • banknotes
  • coupons
  • bonds
  • stock

Answer: 1 5 6.


β„–

  • high fruit harvest
  • healthy food fashion

Answer:


β„– 10. The graph shows the change in supply in the market for fresh products: the supply curve has moved from position S to position S1. P is the price of the product, Q is the quantity of the product.

Which of the following factors can cause such a change? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • increase in customs duties on fruit imports
  • increase in freight rates
  • decrease in consumer income
  • high fruit harvest
  • healthy food fashion

Answer: 4 5.


β„– 11.

Answer:


β„– 11.

Choose the correct judgments about the family and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • The reproductive function of the family is manifested in the provision of a certain social status to family members, in the fulfillment by the family of the role of a social elevator.
  • Family members are associated with a common life, mutual material and moral responsibility.
  • The family is one of the subjects of social control.
  • The family is called upon to create conditions for the physical, mental, emotional and intellectual development of the child.
  • The peculiarity of the family lies in the fact that it is both a public institution and a small social group.

Answer: 2 3 4 5.

β„–

Answer:

β„– 12. During a survey of adult citizens of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: β€œTo what extent does the state fulfill its obligations to citizens?” The results obtained (in % of the number of respondents) are presented in the form of a diagram.

Find in the list of conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • The share of those who noted that the state fully fulfills its obligations to citizens is higher in country Z than in country Y.
  • Equal proportions of the surveyed residents of country Z noted that the state fully fulfills and does not fulfill its obligations to citizens at all.
  • In country Y, the share of those who noted that for the most part the state does not fulfill its obligations to citizens is larger than the share of those who noted that the state fully fulfills its obligations.
  • The proportion of those who noted that the state does not fulfill its obligations to citizens at all is higher in country Z than in country Y.
  • The same proportions of respondents in both countries noted that the state equally fulfills and does not fulfill its obligations to citizens.

Answer: 1 2 3.


β„– 13.

Answer:


β„– 13.

Choose the correct statements about democracy and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • Democracy can fully function in a society with a high level of general and political culture.
  • Democracy is characterized by state control over the private life of citizens.
  • State power in a democracy can be considered legitimate if its formation and implementation is supported by the people in accordance with the rule of law through the free expression of the will of voters in free elections.
  • Democracy is characterized by the right of a minority to oppose while submitting to the decisions of the majority.
  • Democracy is characterized by the dominance of the ideology of one party in the political arena.

Answer: 1 3 4.


β„– 14.

Functions

B) pardon

  • President of the Russian Federation
  • Government of the Russian Federation

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D D


β„– 14.

Establish a correspondence between the functions and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation that perform them: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Functions

A) management of federal property

B) development of submission to the State Duma of the federal budget

B) pardon

D) resolving issues of granting political asylum

E) the implementation of measures to ensure the defense of the country

Subjects of state power of the Russian Federation

  • President of the Russian Federation
  • Government of the Russian Federation

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D D

2 2 1 1 2


β„– 15.

  • ruling
  • conservative
  • opposition
  • liberal
  • mass
  • personnel

Answer:


β„– 15.

A new political party has been registered in State Z. It has a central office and regional branches, as well as many permanent members. The party advocates the preservation of traditional values, defends the need to adapt any changes in society to traditional institutions. The political party during the elections won the required number of votes and won the majority of seats in parliament. Which of the following characterizes the type of political party described in this situation? Write down the numbers under which the correct characteristics are indicated.

  • ruling
  • conservative
  • opposition
  • liberal
  • mass
  • personnel

Answer: 1 2 5.


β„– 16.

Answer:


β„– 16.

Choose from the list of sentences that characterize the foundations of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • In relations with federal government bodies, all subjects of the Russian Federation are equal.
  • The bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation is its multinational people.
  • A citizen is liable for his obligations with all his property, with the exception of property, which, in accordance with the law, cannot be levied.
  • An unreasonable refusal to conclude an employment contract is prohibited.
  • Land and other natural resources may be in private, state, municipal and other forms of ownership.

Answer: 1 2 5.


β„– 17.

Answer:


β„– 17.

Choose the correct judgments about the bodies designed to protect the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • One of the functions of law enforcement agencies is to strengthen law and order.
  • Law enforcement agencies are involved in the creation of the taxation system.
  • The task of identifying and investigating crimes is entrusted to the internal affairs bodies.
  • Lawyers provide legal assistance and carry out defense in criminal cases.
  • A single centralized system of federal bodies that oversee the precise and uniform execution of laws is called the police.

Answer: 1 3 4.


β„– 18.

A) public funds

D) religious organizations

Types of legal entities

  • commercial
  • non-commercial

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D D


β„– 18.

Establish a correspondence between legal forms and types of legal entities: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Organizational and legal forms of legal entities

A) public funds

B) business partnerships

B) production cooperatives

D) state unitary enterprises

D) religious organizations

Types of legal entities

  • commercial
  • non-commercial

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A B C D D

2 1 1 1 2


β„– 19.

  • To buy an apartment
  • Sell ​​car

Answer:


β„– 19.

Artyom is 14 years old. Find in the list of actions that he, in accordance with the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, can independently carry out. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

  • Set aside some of your scholarship to buy a gift for your little sister
  • Deposit money donated by parents to a bank account
  • Dispose of wages received at the summer labor camp
  • To buy an apartment
  • Sell ​​car
  • Exercise the rights of the author of the created musical work

Answer: 1 2 3 6.

β„– 20.

Insert missing words:

Words:

  • certain deadlines

Answer: A B C D E F

β„– 20.

Insert missing words:

β€œA marriage contract is an agreement of persons entering into marriage, or an agreement of spouses, defining ____ (A) spouses in marriage and (or) in case of its dissolution. A marriage contract can be concluded both before state registration __ (B), and at any time during the marriage. The marriage contract is concluded in writing and is subject to ____(B). By a marriage contract, the spouses have the right to change the ____ (D) established by law, to establish the regime of joint, shared or separate ownership of all the property of the spouses. The rights and obligations provided for by the marriage contract may be limited to ______ (D) or made dependent on the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain conditions. A marriage contract cannot restrict the legal capacity or legal capacity of the spouses, their right to apply to the court for the protection of their rights; govern ____(E), the rights and obligations of spouses in relation to children.”

Words:

  • joint property regime 6) marriage
  • personal non-property relations 7) property rights and obligations
  • time limits 8) divorce
  • notarial certificate 9) medical examination.
  • certain deadlines

Answer: A B C D E F

7 6 4 1 5 2


Part 2.

The primary element of the system of constitutional law is the legal norm - the initial particle of the branch of law. In the presence of objective prerequisites, the norms are integrated into the institutions of constitutional law. An institution is a group, a complex of interrelated norms of constitutional law that regulate a certain type of similar, close in content, kindred social relations. It includes not only norms-rules of conduct, but also constituent (initial) norms that participate in systemic interaction in the process of constitutional and legal regulation of social relations.


Part 2.

The institution of constitutional regulation of social relations integrated legal norms that establish the supreme legal force of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, its direct effect in law-forming significance, the criteria for the constitutionality of legal acts and their provision, the correlation of national and international law.


Part 2.

The institution of the federal structure of the state unites in its composition the constitutional and legal norms that determine the status of the Russian Federation and its subjects, the sovereignty of the state and its symbols, the delimitation of jurisdiction and powers between the state authorities of the Federation and its subjects, the procedure for admission to the Russian Federation and formation in its composition a new subject, the composition of the territory of the state, the constitutional foundations of the regime of the state border and borders between the subjects of the Russian Federation, a single economic, monetary and customs space throughout Russia.


Part 2.

The institution of presidential power includes, as its elements, legal norms that fix the status of the President of the Russian Federation, the procedure for taking office, the powers of the President of the Russian Federation as the head of state, the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Russia, the immunity of the President of the Russian Federation , grounds for early termination of the exercise of his powers, types of legal acts issued by the President of the Russian Federation on issues within his competence. These norms are contained both in the special chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and in its subsequent chapters.


Part 2.

The structure of the institution of legislative power is formed by legal norms that establish the status of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the procedure for its interaction with other state bodies, and the general principles for organizing the system of legislative (representative) state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.


Part 2.

The institution of the executive power of the constitutional law of Russia consists of legal norms that fix the foundations for the formation of a unified system of executive power in the Russian Federation and its structure, the status of the Government of the Russian Federation, and the general principles of organizing the executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Constitutional and legal norms were integrated into the institution of the judiciary, fixing the legal definition of the judiciary, its basic principles, the system of federal judicial authorities, the procedure for their organization and activities, the mechanism for appointing judges, their status and legal guarantees of independence in the administration of justice.

(A.I. Kazannik, A.N. Kostyukov)


β„– 21.


β„– 21.

What are the three elements of the system of constitutional law named in the text? What legal properties (features) of the Constitution of the Russian Federation are established by constitutional law?

Answer:

  • legal norm, institution of constitutional law, branch of law;
  • the supreme legal force of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, its direct effect and law-forming significance.

β„– 22.

The implementation of what foundations of the constitutional order of Russia is ensured by the institutions discussed in the text? Using the text and social science knowledge, indicate any three foundations of the constitutional order and the corresponding institutions.


β„– 22.

Answer:

  • Russia is a federal state, the federal structure of the Russian Federation is based on its state integrity, the unity of the system of state power, the delimitation of jurisdiction and powers between state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (the institution of a federal structure);
  • state power in the Russian Federation is exercised on the basis of the division into legislative, executive and judicial power (the institution of legislative power, the institution of executive power, the institution of judiciary power);
  • The source of power in the Russian Federation is its multinational people (the institution of legislative power, the institution of presidential power).

β„– 23.

Using social science knowledge and facts of public life, illustrate with examples the procedure for interaction between the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a) with the President of the Russian Federation; b) with the Government of the Russian Federation; c) with the judicial authorities of the Russian Federation.


β„– 23.

Answer:

a) the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the State Duma presented the bill Z introduced by the President of the Russian Federation; after the adoption of the bill by the Duma, it was sent to the Federation Council;

b) The Prime Minister of the Russian Federation delivered a report at the parliamentary hour in the State Duma, and then met with members of the Federation Council Committee on Budget and Financial Markets;

c) The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation recognized the law adopted by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation as constitutional.


β„– 24.

The text states that constitutional law establishes the relationship between national and international law. Using the text, social science knowledge and facts of public life, give three explanations for why it is necessary to specifically regulate this ratio.


β„– 24.

Answer:

  • The state ratifies various legal conventions, the content of which may not be in accordance with the existing norms of national legislation; accordingly, a change in national legislation and a certain preparatory period may be required;
  • Subjects of law are engaged in entrepreneurial activities not only in the country, but abroad, conduct joint business with foreign enterprises; under these conditions, a clearly established correlation of national and international law is necessary;
  • Citizens, firms have the right, under certain conditions, to protect their interests in international courts, so it is necessary to establish a legal framework for the operation of decisions of international courts.

β„– 25.

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "wages"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the forms of wages, and one sentence revealing any of the reasons for persistent differences in wages of workers.


β„– 25.

Answer:

1) Payment for labor services provided by employees;

2) There is payment in the form of a salary, piecework and bonus forms of remuneration;

3) One of the reasons for persistent differences in wages is the different qualifications of workers.


β„– 26.


β„– 26.

What institutions (organizations, groups), besides the family, are involved in the socialization of the individual? Name any three institutions (organizations, groups) and give an example of the influence of each of them on the socialization of the individual.

Answer:

  • School (a first-grader learns to observe discipline in the classroom, to do homework);
  • A company of friends (from friends a person learns about important events, new music and movies, receives everyday information);
  • Media (distributing information about various events in the country and the world, public figures, the media influence the formation of public and individual consciousness).

β„– 27.

In country Z, the government is formed by the political party (bloc of parties) that wins the election. Deputy seats (mandates) are distributed in proportion to the votes given for the lists of candidates from parties that have overcome the 7% barrier. What type of electoral system is country Z? List two advantages and two disadvantages of this electoral system.


β„– 27.

Answer:

  • proportional electoral system;
  • Advantages:

-involves vigorous activity of political parties, including opposition ones;

- the stability of the political elites, the ongoing political course;

3) disadvantages:

There is no personal responsibility of parliamentarians to voters, there is no mechanism for recalling deputies by the population;

- in parliament, as a rule, there are no small parties that are not able to overcome the electoral threshold;

- the emergence of new political leaders, the renewal of elites is difficult.


β„– 28.

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic "The problem of social stratification." Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.


β„– 28.

Answer:

  • What is social stratification.
  • Social stratification criteria:

a) power;

b) income and wealth;

c) the prestige of the profession;

d) level of education.

3) Historical stratification system:

a) slavery

b) castes;

c) estates;

d) classes.

4) Social stratification and social inequality.


References.

  • Unified State Exam. Social science. Standard exam options. O.A. Kotova, T.E. Lisova. Publishing House National Education. Moscow. 2018

The answers to tasks 1–20 are a number, or a sequence of numbers, or a word (phrase). Write your answers in the fields to the right of the task number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.

1

Write down the missing word in the table.

2

In the given series, find the concept that is generalizing for all the other concepts presented. Write down this word (phrase).

Classroom; labor collective; parental family; socialization agent; MASS MEDIA:

3

Below are some terms. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the concept of "social regression".

1) movement, 2) change, 3) technical revolution, 4) improvement, 5) decline, 6) degradation.

Find two terms that "fall out" of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

4

Choose the correct judgments about the truth and its criteria and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. True knowledge always corresponds to the object being known.

2. The criterion of true knowledge is its correspondence to the interests of the cognizing subject.

3. Relative truth is knowledge that changes as the possibilities of cognition develop.

4. Truth is connected with the conditions of place, time, etc., which must be taken into account in the process of cognition.

5. True knowledge is always shared by the majority of people.

5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and the corresponding types of worldview

6

Country Z is dominated by extensive technology and hand tools. What other signs indicate that country Z is developing as a traditional society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. the main social units are the tribe and the extended family

2. there is an increase in the urban population

3. verbal information prevails over written

4. intensively developing infrastructure

5. scientific knowledge is widely disseminated

6. Subsistence farming dominates

7

Choose the correct statements about unemployment and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. In a market economy, there is a natural rate of unemployment.

2. Seasonal unemployment is caused by structural shifts in the economy.

3. Mass unemployment is accompanied by a decline in the standard of living of the majority of the population.

4. Impossibility of employment due to differences in the structure of demand and supply of labor services of different qualifications generates cyclical unemployment.

5. Lack of awareness of the unemployed about suitable vacancies can be the cause of frictional unemployment.

8

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types of competition (competitive markets): for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

9

You are asked to prepare a presentation on the factors of production. Which of the following could be included in the slide "Labor as a factor of production"? Write down the numbers below. relevant provisions.

1. Factor income - profit.

2. Factor income - the salary of an employee.

3. All types of natural resources available on the planet and suitable for the production of vital goods.

4. The limited nature of this factor is due to the volume of money supply in circulation.

5. The activity of people in the production of goods and services by using their physical and intellectual capabilities, professional skills and experience.

6. The limitation of this factor is due to the size of the able-bodied population; its territorial distribution, professional structure, religious and cultural traditions, etc.

10

11

Choose the correct judgments about social conflicts and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. Social conflicts can be both constructive and destructive.

2. Failure to understand the causes of conflict can lead to an increase in its scale.

3. The parties to the conflict in the course of its development are able to unite to achieve their goals.

4. One of the ways to resolve social conflict is to continue confrontation.

5. Social conflict is always generated by economic reasons.

12

Scientists studied the consumer behavior of residents of countries Z and Y in the context of the economic crisis. The bar graph shows data (in % of the number of respondents) on how consumer demand has changed during the year.

Find in the list of conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The share of those who began to buy products of cheaper brands is larger in country Z than in country Y.

2. Equal shares of respondents in both surveys noted that they refused to buy some products.

3. The share of those who began to buy fewer products, go to the store less often, in country Z is greater than in country Y.

4. Among those surveyed in country Z, the share of those who refused to buy certain products is larger than the share of those who believed that the crisis did not affect consumer demand.

5. Among those surveyed in country Y, the proportion of those who began to buy fewer products, began to go to the store less often, is greater than the proportion of those who buy products of cheaper brands.

13

Select the correct judgments about the political elite and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The political elite is a small independent group ready to make political decisions.

2. Political elite - a group of people that is the source of power in any state.

3. The main functions of the political elite include the production and consumption of material goods.

4. The political elite nominate political leaders.

5. In relation to state power, the ruling elite and the counter-elite are singled out.

14

Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to whose jurisdiction they belong

15

Head of State Z is the supreme commander of the state's armed forces. What other signs indicate that the form of government of state Z is a monarchy? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. The head of state receives power by inheritance.

2. The most notable people are among the advisers to the head of state.

3. Laws are adopted by the parliament elected by the citizens.

4. The state consists of several administrative-territorial units.

5. The head of state uses his power for life.

6. Upon taking office, the head of state takes an oath.

16

Which of the following applies to the constitutional duties of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. defense of the Fatherland

2. payment of legally established taxes and fees

3. participation in the management of state affairs

4. choice of occupation and profession

5. preservation of historical and cultural heritage

17

What is included in the system of law? Select the required positions from the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. legal custom

2. rule of law

3. branch of law

4. legal sanction

5. institute of law

6. case law

18

Establish a correspondence between actions and elements of the legal status of an employee in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

19

Kirill Arkadyevich - prosecutor. Find in the list of actions that are within the powers of the prosecutor, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1. represent and defend the interests of the accused in court

2. make copies of documents

3. carry out on behalf of the state criminal prosecution in the course of criminal proceedings

4. to ensure the legality and validity of the public prosecution in the course of judicial proceedings in a criminal case

5. supervise the implementation of laws

6. draw up wills, certify the correctness of the signature

Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

20

β€œThe political elite is one of __________(A) politics. It is referred to the institutional component __________ (B). This is a narrow circle of persons exercising power in society. B __________ (B) it is customary to divide this social stratum into two groups. The first is based on land ownership, __________ (D), religion, origin, therefore it belongs to the traditional type. The basis of the second, modern group is political knowledge, experience, __________ (D) in matters of social life. It is difficult to get into the first group, the main __________ (E) selection of people is their origin and personal devotion. Members of the second group also regulate the process of arrival of new people, but the main requirement is professionalism.”

Words (phrases) in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used once.

Choose sequentially one word (phrase) after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words (phrases) in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

List of terms:

1. political system of society

2. social structure of society

3. competence

4. criterion

5. subject

6. economy

7. wealth

9. political science

Part 2.

First write down the task number (28, 29, etc.), and then a detailed answer to it. Write your answers clearly and legibly.

Read the text and complete tasks 21-24.

The main contradiction that modern man has encountered is a sharp discrepancy between the biological and social capabilities of man and the civilizational opportunities that the world, built according to the latest achievements of science and technology, gives him. By virtue of what the problem arises: to what state is the world going? The first option: it could be a more developed, economically, politically, morally and otherwise progressive world. But there may be another option: a world that is degrading in some of these relationships or in all of them at once. But so far only one thing is clear: mankind ... received by the beginning of the XXI century. very powerful means of influencing both nature and society ...

Man as a socio-biological being functions at the junction of two opposite types of needs. Needs of the first type are a set of biological, social and other needs. Among them, the leading ones are the needs coming from the human body. A person needs to eat, drink, rest, some minimum level of comfort, some kind of personal social circle, etc. is needed. All this, in a certain context, can serve as the basis for the selfish strategies of human existence. Thus, the well-being of one particular person, one family, (a certain circle of people connected by blood or business ties, etc.) can be placed at the center of such strategies ...

The needs of the second type are associated with the socio-spiritual content of human consciousness and, first of all, with moral and ethical norms, among which the human conscience comes to the fore, understood by different philosophical schools in different ways. But all these schools agree on one thing: it is conscience that is an integral component of such experiences as compassion, altruism, heroism, and so on. Conscience is also one of the components of spirituality ... The situation of modern life is such that ... lack of spirituality begins to permeate the entire society, and one of its most dangerous consequences is a decrease in the sense of responsibility of the individual. Such a decrease in the responsibility of the individual can be carried out in a certain β€œcorridor” - from inattention to the object of communication or control, etc. to the complete disregard of his needs and interests. If, on the other hand, an unspiritual person finds himself at vital points of the state, economic, political, etc. mechanism, then its inadequate actions can lead to various kinds of cataclysms.

(T.D. Sterledev, R.K. Sterledev)

What two types of necessities of human existence are noted by the authors? What is the main contradiction, according to the authors, that modern man has faced?

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Elements:

1) two types of needs (the answer to the first question): a set of biological, social and other needs; the needs associated with the socio-spiritual content of human consciousness;

2) contradiction (the answer to the second question): a sharp discrepancy between the biological or social capabilities of man and the civilizational possibilities that the world, built according to the latest achievements of science and technology, gives him.

Elements of the answer can be given in other formulations that are close in meaning.

Show answer

The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) answer to question: one of the most dangerous consequences of lack of spirituality is a decrease in the sense of responsibility of the individual;

(The answer to the question can be given in a different formulation, close in meaning.)

2) judgment, revealing the contradictory influence of mass culture on the spirituality of the individual, for example: works of mass culture often promote violence, which negatively affects the spirituality of the individual; at the same time, mass culture (within the framework of educational programs) makes it possible for an ordinary viewer to join the masterpieces of world culture. A different argument may be made.

A judgment that reveals not the contradictory influence of mass culture, but only any of the aspects of influence, does not count in the assessment.

The authors argue that humanity received by the beginning of the XXI century. very powerful means of influencing nature and society. Name any one means of influencing nature and any one means of influencing society and illustrate with examples the effect of each of the means.

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The correct answer should include means of influence and the relevant examples:

1) nuclear energy (for example, after an accident at a nuclear power plant, all components of the natural environment of the region were exposed to radioactive contamination);

2) electronic media (for example, under the influence of media information, citizens began to massively buy foreign currency, creating a crisis situation in the banking sector).

Other means of influence can be named, other examples given

The authors offered two answers to the question: what state is the world heading towards? Which of these answers seems more reasonable to you? Using social science knowledge, give three reasons to support your opinion.

Show answer

The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) question answer option: a more developed, progressive world OR a degrading world;

2) confirmation:

in case of choosing the first answer to the question it can be said that

The duration, level and quality of life of people is growing;

Science and technology are actively developing;

Democracy and civil society are developing;

in case of choosing the second answer to the question it can be said that

In the modern world, wars do not stop, millions of people suffer from hunger and disease;

There is a great gap in the quality of life of the population of the most developed ("golden billion") and the poorest countries of the world;

Mass culture broadcasts works that are incompatible with moral values ​​and ideas of beauty.

Other evidence for the chosen point of view can be given.

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "inflation"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the cause(s) of inflation, and one sentence revealing the essence of any type of inflation.

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The correct answer must contain the following elements:

1) the meaning of the concept, for example: inflation is a process of depreciation of money and a decrease in their purchasing power, manifested in an increase in the general price level;

(Another definition or explanation of the meaning of the concept that is close in meaning may be given.)

2) one sentence with information about the cause(s) of inflation, based on knowledge of the exchange rate, for example: One of the causes of inflation is an unreasonable increase in the money supply in circulation.;

(Another proposal may be made containing information on the cause(s) of inflation.)

3) one sentence, revealing, based on knowledge of the course, the essence of any type of inflation, for example: Creeping inflation is characterized by an average annual price increase of 3-5%.

(Another proposal can be drawn up, revealing, based on knowledge of the exchange rate, the essence of any type of inflation.)

Based on social science knowledge, personal experience, model a specific situation illustrating negative deviant behavior. Give three examples of informal negative sanctions that are possible in this case.

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The response must contain the following elements:

1) situation model negative deviant behavior: K. let down his workmates: he did not fulfill the circumstances he had taken upon himself to organize an evening dedicated to the anniversary of the oldest employee of the company;

2) three examples informal negative sanctions, for example:

Some of the colleagues refused to give him a hand when they met;

Some colleagues reprimanded him;

The artist drew a cartoon.

Other relevant situations may be simulated and other relevant examples of sanctions given.

In country Z, the government is formed by the bloc of parties that wins the election. Deputy seats (mandates) in the legislative assembly are distributed among the lists of candidates in proportion to the votes cast for the lists of candidates, if these parties have overcome the 5% barrier. What type of electoral system is country Z? What is another type of electoral system called? Name the difference between these two systems. Name any common feature of electoral systems in a democratic society.

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The correct answer must contain the following elements:1) type- proportional electoral system;2) other type- majoritarian electoral system: 3) difference, for example: under a proportional system, voters vote for party lists, and not for specific candidates, as in a majoritarian system. (Another difference can be formulated);4) common feature, for example: - universal equal elections by secret ballot; - alternative nature of elections; - candidates provide information about their income. Other common features of these electoral systems in a democratic society can be given

You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic β€œThe system of Russian law”. Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

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One of the options for the disclosure plan for this topic

1. The concept of a system of law.

2. The main elements of the system of law:

a) the rule of law;

b) institute of law;

c) branch of law.

3. The main branches of Russian law:

b) civil law;

c) labor law;

d) criminal law;

e) criminal procedure law, etc.

4. Substantive and procedural law (subparagraphs may be given).

5. Public law:

a) constitutional (state) law;

b) criminal law;

c) administrative law, etc.

6. Private law:

a) civil law;

b) business law, etc.

7. The Constitution of the Russian Federation in the system of Russian law.

8. Reflection of the features of social development in the system of law.

A different number and (or) other correct wording of points and sub-points of the plan are possible. They can be presented in nominal, interrogative or mixed forms.

By completing task 29, you can show your knowledge and skills on the content that is more attractive to you. For this purpose, choose only ONE of the statements below (29.1-29.5).

Choose one of the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic touched upon).

When presenting your thoughts on the problem raised (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use the knowledge gained during the study of the social science course, the relevant concepts, as well as the facts of social life and your own life experience. (Give at least two examples from various sources as evidence.)

29.1. Philosophyβ€œThe less people know, the more extensive their knowledge seems to them.” (J.-J. Rousseau)

29.2. Economyβ€œQuestions: what? How? and for whom? production would not be a problem if resources were not limited.” (P. Samuelson)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology"Man is a fundamental novelty in nature." (N.A. Berdyaev)

29.4. Political scienceβ€œThe main achievement of democracy is the right to say no.” (Yu. Nesterenko)

29.5. Jurisprudence"A wise legislator does not begin by making laws, but by examining their suitability for a given society." (J.-J. Rousseau)

The thirteenth task of the OGE in social science is similar to the twelfth - it is also aimed at checking all aspects of the topic "The social sphere of society." True, it is constructed somewhat differently: it is necessary to determine the correctness of the two given judgments in it. Most often, the condition is built on knowledge of definitions or basic characteristics, functions, types and causes of any concepts - for example, types of social norms, family functions. If the answer is correct, the ninth grader receives one point for this task, if not, none.

Analysis of typical options for task No. 13 OGE in society

The first version of the task

Are the following judgments about social statuses and roles correct?

A. A person in the family performs several social roles.

B. Marital status is one of the most important characteristics of a person's social status.

  1. Only A is true
  2. Only B is true
  3. Both statements are correct
  4. Both statements are wrong

Each of us performs quite a lot of social roles, that is, has an extensive set of roles - for example: a citizen of Russia, a Petersburger, a student, a member of the school basketball team, a pedestrian, a buyer. In the family, a person also performs different roles, depending on which the pattern of his behavior, actions and obligations changes - a boy can be a son, a grandson, and an older brother. So the first statement is true. Social status is characterized by the position of a person in society, which is determined by his education, profession, marital status, age, gender. Marital status occupies an important place in the characterization of social status, because it characterizes a person's place in various social groups and displays his ties with other members of society. So both statements are true and the answer is 3.

The second version of the assignment

Are the following statements about social inequality true?

A. Social inequality arose when society entered the industrial phase of development.

B. A striking manifestation of social inequality is the difference in income.

  1. Only A is true
  2. Only B is true
  3. Both statements are correct
  4. Both statements are wrong

Social inequality is the difference in the status of people and their ability to achieve a certain social position. The main criteria of social inequality are wealth, prestige and power, that is, the difference in income, respect and the number of subordinates. Statement "B" is true, because the difference in income is the main characteristic of social inequality. Social inequality began to appear a very long time ago - this was due to the improvement of tools, the appearance of surpluses and property: those who had more property were in a better position. Therefore, the first statement is false and the second is true, so the answer is 2.

The third version of the task

Are the following statements about the family correct?

A. The family belongs to small groups.

B. The behavior of family members does not depend on each other.

  1. Only A is true
  2. Only B is true
  3. Both statements are correct
  4. Both statements are wrong

The family is a small social group because it is a stable association of people between whom there is regular interaction. The family as a small group is based on consanguinity, marriage or adoption and is bound by common life, mutual help. Family members depend on each other, and their behavior is also not isolated - each family member must take into account the needs, interests and requests of the other. It turns out that only the first proposition is true, and the answer is 1.