Options for the exam in the history of the early period. Personal experience: how did the early exams in history and social science go

Good day, dear applicants. Many of you are interested in what happened behind the scenes of the early Unified State Examination 2016. This was preceded by dozens of messages in my personal VKontakte and I will lift the veil of secrecy for you, tell you about my impressions of checking the second part and we will analyze with you the real version of the second part and tell you about what does the early exam look like in the history of this year

Early stage impressions

Let's start with my impressions of the first part, which, I confess, I saw briefly. But with a quick run through the option, I can say the following: the early exam was not difficult. I will base it on real tasks. As you know, this year the structure of the entire work has been radically redesigned - the test part has been removed and the tasks of the current first one have been reworked. According to a quick analysis of the option, the first five tasks and No. 7-9, 11 were given without any difficulties to those who worked out the dates and worked with official documents, including the list of dates from FIPI. Surprises, as I believe, for a prepared person, would not be found here

Then you are met by the following type of tasks: work with a map and illustrative material. From the maps, I can recall a map of the settlement of tribal unions of the Eastern Slavs, there was a map for the era of feudal fragmentation, the Battle of Kursk met, the socio-economic development of Russia in the 19th century ... Something, of course, could cause difficulties, but there were no surprises from the compilers , according to the type of names of merchants / names of plants and factories, as last year

"Pictures" pleased most of the applicants. The only difficulty was caused by a friend whose famous children's song is attached below. Whoever found out, write in the comments 🙂 It was necessary to choose 2 positions for him and the composer with whom he / she collaborated (-a-). I'm waiting for your suggestions. Otherwise: Vysotsky, Tsoi, the main architectural monuments of the 18th century, posters from the 20-30s of the 20th century

Well, now let's move on to the analysis of the tasks of the second part:

Tasks No. 20-22: early exam in the history of 2016

No. 20. What period in the history of the USSR is discussed in the article? Name, using knowledge from the history course, the two main opposition I.V. Stalin directions among the party elite of the described time. What were the features of their views?

No. 21. What is the purpose of the repressions organized by I.V. Stalin against authoritative party and government officials. Give at least two facts and phenomena related to this process in the army.

No. 22. Indicate at least five reasons that, according to S.A. Kislitsyn, led to the destruction of the inner-party opposition to Stalin

Test solving

So how can you complete this task? Naturally, reading the text 🙂 Kirov's murder, for knowledgeable boys and girls, already says that this is the 1930s. Groups are secretly highlighted in the text: S. Syrtsov and T. Ryutin (supporters of the liberalization of the Soviet Union and moderate reforms). Well, let's touch on the "party boyars", tell us who it is and get 2 points for the twentieth task

Purpose: establishment of a centralized system of state power and control of the masses

Facts and phenomena:
1) Many representatives of the Red Army were repressed (example: Tukhachevsky, Blucher)
2) During the years of the Soviet-Finnish war, a serious blow was dealt to the country's defense capability

1. Fetishization of the CPSU (b)
2. Infantilism
3. Separation from the people
4. Ambition of party members
5. Detachment from human values

We will continue to work on the option in the following articles, very, very soon, if this article receives a response. Like, share articles on social networks, so you help the project and then we will analyze the early exam in the history of 2016 as soon as possible. See you soon, Ivan Nekrasov was with you. Bye everyone!

Do you want to understand all the topics of the history course? Sign up to study at the school of Ivan Nekrasov with a legal guarantee of passing the exam for 80+ points!

Approximately in the month of May, options for the USE of the early period are published. The purpose of the publication is to provide graduates with an additional opportunity to prepare for the exam.

Early versions of the exam in history 2017

It is published according to one version of the KIM used to conduct the Unified State Examination of the early period of 2017.

Changes in the structure of KIM by history compared to 2016:

There are no changes in structure and content.

The maximum score for completing tasks 3 and 8 has been changed (2 points instead of 1). The wording of task 25 and the criteria for its evaluation have been improved.

Total tasks (in brackets - including the criteria for evaluating the essay) - 25 (31);

of which by task type:

with a short answer - 19;

with a detailed answer - 6 (12);

according to the level of complexity (including the criteria for evaluating the essay): B - 16; P - 8; AT 7.

The maximum primary score for a job is 55.

The total time to complete the work is 235 minutes.

The structure of KIM USE 2017 in history

Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts and includes 25 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.

Part 1 contains 19 short answer tasks. In the examination paper, the following types of tasks with a short answer are proposed:
- tasks for choosing and recording the correct answers from the proposed list of answers;

- tasks for determining the sequence of location of these elements;

- tasks for establishing the correspondence of elements given in several information rows;

- assignments for the definition of the specified signs and record in the form of a word (phrase) of a term, title, name, century, year, etc.

The answer to the tasks of part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a sequence of numbers written without spaces and other separators; the words; phrases (also written without spaces and other separators).

Part 2 contains 6 tasks with a detailed answer, identifying and evaluating the development of various complex skills by graduates.
Tasks 20–22 are a set of tasks related to the analysis of a historical source (conducting source attribution; extracting
information; attraction of historical knowledge for the analysis of the problems of the source, the position of the author).

Tasks 23-25 ​​are associated with the use of methods of cause-and-effect, structural-functional, temporal and spatial analysis to study historical processes and phenomena. Task 23 is connected with the analysis of any historical problem, situation. Task 24 - analysis of historical versions and assessments, argumentation of various points of view with the involvement of knowledge of the course. Task 25 involves writing a historical essay. Task 25 is alternative: the graduate has the opportunity to choose one of the three periods in the history of Russia and demonstrate his knowledge and skills on the most familiar historical material. Task 25 is evaluated according to a system of criteria.

On the exam in history, there are usually a little more than 5 percent of students who scored high. Doubles are about twice as many.

It is noted that not everyone knows how to work with maps and factual material. Schoolchildren often make mistakes when answering questions about the Great Patriotic War. Pupils do not always understand the difference between it and World War II.

Before exams, it is recommended to repeat the dates, refresh the memory of the names of generals, heroes, statesmen. So, at the Unified State Examination in 2016, about 20 percent of graduates wrote that the hero of the Soviet Union is the saboteur fighter, executed by the Nazis in 1941, Lidia Ruslanova, and not Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. There were also those who sent Marshal Alexander Vasilevsky to battle in the Chesme Bay in 1770, while during the Great Patriotic War he was the chief of the General Staff, commanded the 3rd Belorussian Front, and led the assault on Koenigsberg.

Unified State Examination in History 2018. Option 101. Part 1

The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or a word (phrase). First, indicate the answers in the text of the work, and then transfer them to the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number or letter in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form. The names of Russian sovereigns should be written only in letters
(for example: Nicholas the Second).

№1 Arrange historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.

1) Battle of Chesma
2) creation of the Charter of Vladimir Monomakh
3) the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Answer: 213

Explanations: Creation of the Charter of Vladimir Monomakh 1113. The assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, took place on June 28, 1914. The Russian-Turkish war, during which the Chesme battle took place in 1770.

№2 Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EVENTS
A) the death of False Dmitry I
B) the beginning of the monetary reform G.Ya. Sokolnikov
C) the beginning of the monetary reform E.F. Kancrina
D) the baptism of Russia

1) 988
2) 1036
3) 1606
4) 1839
5) 1922
6) 1961

Answer: 3541

Explanations:The death of False Dmitry refers to the Time of Troubles in 1606.The beginning of the monetary reform G.Ya. Sokolnikov 1922 The beginning of the monetary reform E.F. Kankrin 1839 Baptism of Russia 988

№3 Below is a list of terms (names). All of them, with the exception of two, refer to events (phenomena) in the history of Russia in the period 1985–1991.

1) referendum; 2) "Novoogarevsky process"; 3) National projects;
4) default; 5) publicity; 6) elections on an alternative basis.

Find and write down the serial numbers of terms (names) related to another historical period.

Answer: 34

Explanations: Default in Russia in 1998. National projects appeared in Russia at the beginning of the 21st century.

№4 Write down the historical term in question. In the Russian state in the XVI - early XVIII century. service people who made up the standing army; infantry armed with firearms

Answer: Archers

Explanations: The formation of the streltsy army began in 1540 under Ivan the Terrible. Archers in the 16th century - early 18th century.

№5 Establish a correspondence between processes (phenomena, events) and facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

PROCESSES (PHENOMENONS, EVENTS)
A) Smolensk war
B) Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878
C) Batu's invasion of Russia
D) Battle of Kursk

1) the battle of Prokhorovka
2) battles for the Seelow Heights
3) the conclusion of the Polyanovsky world
4) siege of Plevna
5) battle on the river City
6) the conclusion of the Brest peace

Answer: 3451

Explanations: In 1632-1634. Russian-Polish or Smolensk war - the conclusion of the Polyanovsky peace in 1634. Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 - siege of Plevna. The invasion of Batu in Russia - the battle on the City River in 1238. The Battle of Kursk - the battle of Prokhorovka.

№6 Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A) “Keeping inviolable the basic law of the Russian Empire on the essence of autocratic power, we recognized it as a good thing to establish the State Duma and approved the regulation on elections to the Duma, extending the force of these laws to the entire space of the Empire, with only those changes that will be considered necessary for some, located in special conditions, its outskirts. About the order of participation in the State Duma elected from the Grand Duchy of Finland on issues common to the Empire and this region of laws, we will indicate specifically. Along with this, we ordered the Minister of the Interior to immediately submit to us for approval the rules on putting into effect the provisions on elections to the State Duma, so that members from 50 provinces and the region of the Don army could appear in the Duma no later than mid-January ... "

B) “Indigenous state laws determine the composition of the Council, the essence and main forms of its action.
I. In the order of state institutions, the Council is an institution in which all actions of the legislative, judicial and executive order are united and through it ascend to the sovereign power and pour out from it.
II. Therefore, all laws, statutes and institutions in their first outlines ... are considered in the Council of State ...
IV. The council is made up of persons who have been called to this estate by the highest power of attorney.

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This document was published during the reign of Nicholas II.
2) The authority mentioned in this passage existed in the Russian
empire for over 100 years.
3) This document was published during the reign of Alexander II.
4) A contemporary of the publication of this document was P.N. Milyukov.
5) This document was published during the reign of Alexander I.
6) The passage mentions the territory that became part of Russia in the 1720s.

Answer: Fragment A: 1 4 Fragment B: 2 5

Explanations: Text A Finland was annexed to the Russian Empire in 1809 as a result of the Russo-Swedish War. The State Duma appears at the beginning of the 20th century under Nicholas II. A contemporary of the publication of this document was P.N. Milyukov. Text B Establishment of the State Council. The authority referred to in this passage existed in the Russian
empire for over 100 years. This document was published during the reign of Alexander I.

№7 Which of the following refers to the characteristic features of the socio-economic development of Russia in the first half of the 19th century? Choose three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) a mass exit of peasants from the community to cuts and farms
2) the introduction of the first paper banknotes into circulation
3) the emergence of a category of obliged peasants
4) the beginning of railway construction
5) the emergence of the first monopoly associations in industry
6) widespread otkhodnichestvo

Answer: 346

Explanations: The emergence of the category of obligated peasants after the signing of the decree on obligated peasants in 1842. The widespread use of otkhodnichestvo dates back to the first half of the 19th century. The mass exodus of peasants from the community to cuts and farms is the Stolypin agrarian reform.

№8 Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want.

A) In August 1943, the partisan operation ________ began.
B) The creator of the "flying tank" - the most massive aircraft of the USSR in the years
Great Patriotic War - was _______.
C) Kyiv was liberated from the Nazis in ________ 1943.
Missing items:
1) "Rail War"
2) S.V. Ilyushin
3) "Uranus"
4) November
5) M.I. Koshkin
6) February
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 124

Explanations: MI Koshkin Soviet design engineer, creator and first chief designer of the T-34 tank.

№9 Establish a correspondence between events (phenomena, processes) and their participants: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EVENTS (PHENOMENONS, PROCESSES)
A) internecine war in the Moscow principality in the second quarter of the 15th century.
B) Northern War
B) restriction of locality
D) strengthening of ideological control after the Great Patriotic War

PARTICIPANTS

1) A.D. Menshikov
2) Vasily Kosoy
3) Ivan IV
4) A.A. Zhdanov
5) Marina Mnishek
6) L.D. Trotsky

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 2134

№10 Read an excerpt from the memoirs of a Soviet military leader and write the name of the country in question about the outcome of the conflict.
“In March 1940, a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was held, which was of great importance for the development of our armed forces. The meeting discussed the results of the war ...
What was the essence of the demands presented to our armed forces by the party and the government?
Taking into account the results of ... the conflict, and most importantly, the nature of the hostilities of the outbreak of the world war, the troops were given - sharply and in full - the task of teaching today what will be needed tomorrow in the war. The reorganization of all types of armed forces and branches has begun
troops, serious measures were taken to strengthen unity of command, order
and discipline in the troops.

Answer: Finland

Explanations: In March 1940, a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was held, which was of great importance for the further development of our armed forces. The meeting discussed the results of the war with Finland.

№11 Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the required element.

Missing items:
1) XVII century.
2) publication of the "Iron Charter"
3) the proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in the United States
4) the defeat of the Invincible Armada by England
5) XVIII century.
6) annexation of Novgorod to the Muscovite state
7) adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen in France
8) "Bloody Sunday"
9) XVI century.
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: 657123

Explanations: P the annexation of Novgorod to the Muscovite state on January 15, 1478. Adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in France in 1789. Edition of the Cast Iron Rules of 1826. Proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in the United States on December 2, 1823.

№12 Read an excerpt from the manifesto.

"Chief of Staff.

In the days of the great struggle with the external enemy, who had been striving to enslave our Motherland for almost three years, the Lord God was pleased to send Russia a new ordeal. The outbreak of internal popular unrest threatens to have a disastrous effect on the further conduct of the stubborn war. The fate of Russia, the honor of our heroic army, the good of the people, the whole future of our dear Fatherland demand that the war be brought to a victorious end at all costs. The cruel enemy is straining his last strength, and the hour is near when our valiant army, together with our glorious allies, will finally be able to break the enemy. In these decisive days in the life of Russia, we considered it a duty of conscience to facilitate for our people the close unity and rallying of all the forces of the people for the speedy achievement of victory, and, in agreement with the State Duma, we recognized it as good to abdicate the throne of the Russian state and lay down the supreme power. Not wanting to part with our beloved son, we pass on our heritage to our brother, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich and bless him to ascend the throne of the Russian state. We command our brother to govern the affairs of state in full and inviolable unity with the representatives of the people in legislative institutions, on those principles that will be established by them, taking an inviolable oath to that ... "

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list provided.

Record in a table numbers under which they are listed.

1) Among the allies mentioned in the passage was England.
2) The name of the son mentioned in the passage is Alexei.
3) The author of the manifesto writes that he does not believe in Russia's victory in the war.
4) The author of the manifesto notes that his decision was supported by the State Duma.
5) Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, mentioned in the passage, was the Russian emperor for more than a year.
6) This manifesto was written during the Russian Civil War

Answer: 124

Explanations: In similar tasks, it is necessary to find keywords that allow you to determine the historical period.

Look at the diagram and complete tasks 13-16.

№13 Fill in the gap in the sentence: "The city indicated on the diagram
number "2", became part of the Russian state in the ____________ century.
Write the answer in words.

Answer: seventeenth

Explanations: The city indicated on the diagram by the number "2" Kyiv.

№14 Indicate the name of the city-fortress, indicated on the diagram by the number "1".
Answer: ___________________________.

Answer: Azov

Explanations: The task requires the analysis of a historical map.

№15 Fill in the gap in the sentence: “By the decree of Empress Catherine II, the river, indicated on the diagram by the number “5”, was renamed _______________.”
Answer: ___________________________.

Answer: Ural

Explanations: After the suppression of the uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev. For complete oblivion, the Yaik River was renamed the Ural - after the mountains in which it originates.

№16 What are the judgments related to the historical situation indicated on the
scheme are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered.
Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) The flax production area for sale is indicated on the horizontal map
hatching.
2) The main economic specialization of the area indicated on the diagram
points was the production of bread for sale.
3) The city, indicated on the diagram by the number "6", was the center of iron production.
4) One of the reasons for the uprising of the monks of the monastery indicated on the diagram
the number "4" was dissatisfaction with the church reform of Patriarch Nikon.
5) The city is marked and signed on the diagram, where at the end of the 17th century. on the initiative
Peter I, the construction of the first in the history of Russia regular
navy.
6) The number "3" on the diagram indicates the Irbit Fair.

Answer: 345

Explanations: The city, marked on the diagram with the number "6" Tula, was the center of iron production. Under the number "4" is the Solovetsky Monastery, the monks of which were dissatisfied with the church reform of Patriarch Nikon.

№17 Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

MONUMENTS OF CULTURE

A) Tithe Church in Kyiv
B) the monument "Warrior-Liberator" in Berlin's Treptow Park
C) Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin
D) monument "Millennium of Russia"

CHARACTERISTICS
1) Author - E.V. Vuchetich.
2) The author is Aleviz Novy.
3) The beginning of construction dates back to the reign of Vladimir Monomakh in Kyiv.
4) Author - M.O. Mikeshin.
5) This cultural monument was destroyed in the XIII century.
6) Author - V.I. Mukhin.
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Answer: A-5, B-1, C-2, D-4

Explanations: Aleiz A new Italian architect who worked in Russia at the beginning of the 16th century. The author of such famous churches as the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, the Cathedral of Peter the Metropolitan in the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery. The Millennium of Russia monument erected in Veliky Novgorod in 1862 in honor of the millennial anniversary of the legendary calling of the Varangians to Russia. The authors of the monument project are sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin, Ivan Shreder and architect Viktor Hartman.

Look at the picture and complete tasks 18, 19.

№18 Which statements about this image are correct? Pick two
judgments from the five proposed. Write in the table the numbers under which
they are indicated.
1) This envelope was issued during the leadership of the country by M.S. Gorbachev.
2) The cathedral depicted on the envelope is the tomb of the dynasty
Moscow princes and tsars.
3) Boris Godunov was a participant in the event to which the image on the envelope is dedicated.
4) During the construction of the cathedral depicted on the envelope, the features of Vladimir architecture were borrowed.
5) The cathedral depicted on the envelope was built in the 16th century.

Answer: 34

Explanations: During the construction of the Assumption Cathedral, depicted on the envelope, the features of Vladimir architecture were borrowed. You can perform the task by the method of exceptions.

№19 Which of the following buildings are located in the same city as the cathedral depicted on the envelope? In your answer, write down the two numbers that indicate these buildings.

Do not forget to transfer all answers to the answer sheet No. 1 in accordance with the instructions for doing the work.

Answer: 13

Explanations: The building must be located in the same city (Moscow) where the Assumption Cathedral is located. The first image shows the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye. On the second is St. Isaac's Cathedral, located in St. Petersburg. On the third - St. Basil's Cathedral. On the 4th image is the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, located near the city of Vladimir.

Part 2

To record answers to the tasks of this part (20–25), use the FORMANSWERS No. 2. First write down the task number (20, 21, etc.), and thenextended answer to it. Write your answers clearly and legibly.

Read an extract from a historical source and briefly answer the questionsquestions 20–22. The answers assume the use of information fromsource, as well as the application of historical knowledge in the course of historythe corresponding period.

From the message of the monarch

“Our plenipotentiary ambassadors ... have come to you with our credentials, in which we asked you to trust their words, spoken on our behalf. You write that they announced to you that they came with all the necessary powers to conclude the Christian peace; but when you allowed them to negotiate with the pans of your council, they demanded that we keep four castles in the Livonian land for us: Neuhausen, Neishlos, Neymyul and Rugodiva, and even added to this the cities that last year, with the help of God, passed into your hands ; for this they, according to you, should have been sent back without finishing the negotiations. And then they asked you to allow them to send to us for authority about all the conditions of peace and friendship declared by you, and you allowed them to do this ... Those of your merchants who were detained without any fault in our land, you ask to voluntarily release them with all their property and thereby give you proof of our inclination and readiness for friendship.

Your pans, as our ambassadors report... told them on your behalf that you would make peace with us only if we ceded to you the whole Livonian land to the last span, that Velizh, Usvyat and Ozerische - all this is already with you ... and that we must destroy the city of Sebezh, and even pay you four hundred thousand golden chervonets for your loss, which you equipped when you went to fight our lands. We have never met such self-confidence and are perplexed: after all, now you are going to put up, and your Rada makes such immeasurable demands - what will they demand, interrupting the peace negotiations?

№20 Name the monarch who wrote this epistle. Name the monarch - the addressee of this message. State, to the nearest half century, the time when this epistle was written.

Answer: Ivan IV the Terrible, Stefan Batory, 1558-1583.

Explanations: Key words: Livonian land (talking about the Livonian War), lords (in this text - an appeal to the Poles), Velizh (ceded in the Livonian War).

№21 Using the passage, indicate the conditions for making peace put forward by the addressee of this message. (Give at least three statements.)

Answer:

1. "we will give you the whole Livonian land to the last span, that Velizh, Usvyat and Ozerische"

2. "we must destroy the city of Sebezh"

3. "to pay you four hundred thousand golden chervonets"

Explanations: Answers in the second paragraph of the text.

№22 Indicate any three outcomes of the war, the events of which are mentioned in this passage.

Answer: 1.Yam-Zapolsky truce between the Russian Empire and the Commonwealth in 1582 put an end to a long and unnecessary war. Russia abandoned Livonia.

2. The coast of the Gulf of Finland was lost. It was captured by Sweden, with which the Peace of Plus was signed in 1583.

3. The ruin of Russia, the devastation of the treasury, a significant decrease in the population in the counties of the central and northwestern parts of the country.

Explanations: In this task, it is important to indicate in the answer the agreements concluded after the Livonian War.

№23 During the Civil War, the Bolsheviks were opposed by significant forces of the White Guards and interventionists. However, the Bolsheviks defeated them. Give at least three reasons for this victory. white errors
movement is not required.

Answer:

• The red movement was united: a single command, which was under the control of the center (it occupied two capitals and the central industrial district).
• Most of the population went over to the side of the Bolsheviks, they were the only ones who offered to solve the peasant and workers' issues. The Bolsheviks proposed to carry out the nationalization of the land, to transfer it from the hands of the landowners to the hands of peasant farms, and to transfer the factories to the workers.
• The Bolsheviks had a powerful ideological basis, presented slogans that united people.
• The connection of the white movement with the interventionists was interpreted by the Bolsheviks as cooperation with foreigners and the sale of their homeland.

Explanations: In this task, indicate the strengths of the Bolsheviks.

№24 Various, often contradictory, points of view are expressed on historical issues. Below is one of the conflicting points of view.

"The Decembrist uprising in 1825 was doomed in advance to failure and defeat."

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. When presenting arguments, be sure to use historical facts.

Write your answer in the following form.
Arguments to support:
1) …
2) …

Arguments in rebuttal:
1) …
2) …

Answer:

Arguments to support:

1) The Decembrists acted secretly and there were no broad sections of the population on their side, the people did not know what values ​​the Decembrists were fighting for, the people who gathered on the square were mostly onlookers.

2) The uprising was poorly organized, because the leader of the uprising, Sergei Trubetskoy, did not come to the square on the day of the uprising, therefore, having lost the leader, the uprising lost its organization.

Arguments in rebuttal:
1) The uprising could have been successful because the most suitable time was chosen for it (the period between the kingdom and the political and dynastic crisis).
2) The 18th century was the era of palace coups, in which the guards regiments and nobles played the main role, they carried out coups and imposed conditions on the monarchs, therefore, based on history, the uprising could have been successful.

Explanations: In this task, you need to recall the circumstances of the events of December 14, 1825.

№25 You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods in the history of Russia:

The essay must:

- indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;
- name two historical figures whose activities are associated with the indicated events (phenomena, processes), and, using the knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the persons named by you in these events (phenomena, processes);

Attention! When characterizing the role of each person named by you, it is necessary to indicate the specific actions of this person that significantly influenced the course and (or) result of these events (processes,
phenomena).

- indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships that characterize the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred in a given period;
- using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, to assess the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of a given period on the further history of Russia.
In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.

Recently, early exams were passed in one of the most difficult, but, nevertheless, popular exams - history and social studies. What to pay attention to, and what is worth repeating in the remaining time for those who will take the exam in May-June, are advised by the guys who have already completed this test.

Maria Toroptseva

I passed the exam in history ahead of schedule, because I decided to transfer to another specialty. The exam was held in a standard mode, as in the previous year. Nothing terrible happened.

I came across a difficult option, for some of the questions I did not know the answers at all. I forgot many of the dates that were in the exam - probably, I was worried.

Difficult map and the second part. In the collections on which I prepared, in general, everything is much simpler.

I advise those who will take the test to learn more about the 20th century and important events that took place in other countries.

Yana Vetergan

I can say that I did not feel that there was something difficult, because I taught everything. There were tasks that I had to think about, namely, a task with cards. The atmosphere was very forcing for me, the inspectors turned out to be strict. Most of all, I didn’t like the fact that they put us in jail 30 minutes earlier.

I would advise you not to worry and not pay attention to the evil inspectors. Think not about how to score on the threshold, but about the maximum score that you can get.

And one more thing: if you want to write off cheat sheets, then it is better to do this after an hour or two, because you will calm down and start thinking.

Social science:

Ksenia Lipinskaya

The social studies exam went better overall than I expected. I got a good second part, where there was not much politics and law. I spent about 30-35 minutes on the test, about 40 minutes on the essay, and everything else on tasks from 21 to 28.

Difficulties were caused by blocks "legislative process", "powers of authorities" in the test part and criteria for determining the type of inflation: galloping, moderate and hyperinflation.

I did not expect that I would write an essay on the topic of economics, but there was no other choice - the rest of the topics were not very clear. The observers were very polite, brought to the audience, explained everything in detail.

I would like to give some advice to those who are about to take the exam:

1) Do not think that you will definitely write an essay on the topic of sociology or economics, because they may come across different. And sometimes it is better to choose another block if you are sure that you can open it well.

2) If you can’t solve test tasks, it’s better to leave it for later, because there are tasks in the test that everyone considers easy, but you can formulate your thoughts for a long time. Therefore, it is better to spend time on those items that will bring more points.

3) I handed in my work three minutes before the end of the exam. If you do not worry and set yourself up for the fact that you do not have enough time, then you can focus on work without panicking. Remember to look at the time often, so you will control yourself.

And pass the tasks in the collections - everything is very similar.

Igor Kopylov

I took the USE early, because I got low scores for some subjects last year, so I decided to improve. I did not know that the exam was retaken in the early period. I found this out in December when I applied, and after that I began to intensively repeat and study the material for preparation. The last weeks before the exam were nervous. He devoted almost all his free time to preparation.

The control in the PES was at the highest level, it was impossible to peep, even sometimes the observers allowed themselves to go to the toilet when the dealers were there (which they have no right to do, by the way). The atmosphere in the classrooms was working, there were young and not so young people who came there consciously, and not on the instructions of their parents and teachers. Most of the guys left right after they wrote the first part. According to the structure of the papers, I can say that they seemed to me even easier than in the exams a year ago. Perhaps it seemed to me that way, because I was better prepared, or maybe I just got an easy option, the Unified State Examination is a big lottery.

A couple of tips for those who pass the exam in the main period:

1) Prepare systematically, plan the time you have and follow the program.

2) On the eve of the exam, do not decide anything, you can only repeat the theory, otherwise thoughts will be confused during the exam.

3) Do not be afraid that you will not pass, because you can always try again, this is not critical.

4) Allocate time for the exam itself. Because four hours isn't that long when you're writing Social Studies Part C.