HIV blood in the eye. Is it possible to become infected with hepatitis and HIV if the blood gets on the mucous membrane? In case of contact with the mucous membrane of the oral cavity of blood or other potentially hazardous biological fluids

During their work, healthcare workers are exposed to the risk of exposure to pathogenic blood-borne viruses, among which we know (HBV), (HCV) and (HIV). Physical contact with infected material occurs when accidental punctures or cuts with sharp instruments with traces of the patient's blood or when it enters the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth or the surface of the skin. The overall risk indicator for occupational exposure to a blood transfusion infection is determined by the following factors: the proportion of infected patients in the serviced population, the likelihood of infection with a single contact with infected blood, the type and number of such contacts. That is why every patient, regardless of diagnosis, is considered as a potential source of infectious agents, including those transmitted through blood.

In most cases, exposure is not accompanied by infection. The risk of infection in each case depends on the following factors: type of pathogen, nature of exposure, amount of infected blood likely to have entered the body of the victim, virus content in the patient's blood at the time of exposure.

Health workers who have been vaccinated against are practically not at risk of infection from an accidental puncture or cut, which is accompanied by contact with infected blood. In unvaccinated individuals, the risk of infection ranges from 6 before 30 % and depends on the condition of the source patient.

Based on a limited number of studies, the likelihood of an accidental puncture or cut resulting in contact with infected blood is approximately 1,8% . Risk of infection if blood comes into contact with mucous membranes or skin unknown, but considered to be very small; however, similar cases have been reported in the scientific literature.

The average probability of an accidental puncture or cut, which is accompanied by contact with infected blood, is 0,3% (three tenths of a percent, or one chance in 300). In other words, 99,7% such cases do not lead to infection. When HIV-infected blood enters the eyes, nose, or mouth, the average probability of infection is 0,1% (one chance in a thousand). If HIV-infected blood comes into contact with the skin, the chance of infection is less 0,1% . Contact with a small amount of blood on intact skin does not pose any danger at all - in any case, there is no documentary evidence of the facts of infection under such circumstances (a few drops of blood on intact skin for a short time). The risk may increase if the skin is damaged (eg, a recent cut) or if it comes into contact with infected blood.

If blood or other potentially hazardous body fluids get into the eyes:

• the eye is flushed with water or saline;
• ! not allowed washing eyes with soap or disinfectant solution;
• ! not allowed removal of contact lenses during eyewash, because they act as an additional barrier. After washing the eyes, contact lenses are removed and processed in the usual way, after which they are considered safe for further use.

In case of contact with the mucous membrane of the oral cavity of blood or other potentially hazardous biological fluids:

• fluid in the oral cavity spits out;
• the oral cavity is washed several times with water or saline;
• for washing the mouth not allowed use of soap or disinfectant solutions.

At present, there is no scientific evidence to support the possibility of reducing the risk of infection when using antiseptic preparations or extrusion wound content. Not recommended for use caustic substances such as alkaline bleaches.

As you know, blood is considered the main source of damage to the body of viral diseases such as HIV and hepatitis. That is why it is extremely important to observe all precautions against infection through the transmission of the virus through the blood. Even though the modes of transmission of HIV and hepatitis B virus cells are identical, the likelihood of infection is significantly different.

Thus, the risk of HIV infection in the presence of a cut on the skin or a puncture made by tools used by virus carriers does not exceed 0.5%, while the risk of contracting hepatitis B varies from 6 to 35%.

In cases where the patient had contact with piercing objects, first of all, important:

Expose the affected area;
- remove blood from the wound with a cotton swab moistened with 70% alcohol;
- wash your hands if possible;
- Treat the wound with 5% iodine solution.

After 15 minutes, the wound should be re-treated with alcohol, and then sealed with a bactericidal plaster.

In cases where infected blood gets into the eyes, immediately rinse them with distilled water or a 0.05% solution of potassium permanganate. In order to rinse the eyes, glass trays filled with a solution of freshly prepared solution or water should be used. As a rule, experts recommend, after washing, to drip up to 3 drops of a 20% solution of albucid into each eye for the most effective result.

If an infected biological fluid gets into the nasal mucosa, the same washing procedure should be carried out as if blood got into the eyes.

In cases where an infected biological fluid has entered the oral mucosa, experts strongly recommend that you immediately rinse your mouth with ethyl alcohol or potassium permanganate solution for up to 2 minutes.

If infected blood gets on clothing, it should be carefully removed and lowered into the solution for the necessary disinfection. After that, the clothes must be washed in the usual way.

In case of contact of a biologically infected liquid with furniture appliances and other household equipment, it is necessary to wipe the surface with a napkin with a disinfectant. Re-treatment is necessary after 15 minutes.

For a long time, hepatitis has been one of the most dangerous viral diseases that affect not only the functionality of the organ, but also its structure.

Over the past decade, cases of infection with any form of hepatitis have become much more frequent. Such statistics are due to the fact that the penetration of viral cells into the human body proceeds in a variety of ways, and it is still difficult to detect the disease.

Thus, it is important to understand that the main cause of damage to the human body lies precisely in viruses. Especially if patients have groups A, B, C, D and E. However, do not forget that the forms of the disease differ from each other, depending on the observed genotype.

People have been attacked by the human immunodeficiency virus for decades. Pathogenic flora penetrates the body and gradually kills it. Many HIV infections occur daily through the blood. This is due to people's lack of awareness, promiscuity, drug addiction, rising crime, low living standards and other unfavorable factors. The blood of an HIV-infected person is a potential breeding ground for the disease, but infection does not always occur.

Blood with AIDS is dangerous only if it comes into contact with the secrets and bodily fluids of a healthy person. Today, everyone needs to know the features of the transmission of the virus in order to protect themselves from the transmission of AIDS, HIV through the blood. Having become acquainted with the mechanism of infection, the features of the introduction of a retrovirus into cells, one can minimize the risk of developing many life-threatening diseases, including immunodeficiency.

Can HIV be transmitted through dried blood?

Due to different life circumstances, each person may face the fear of contracting HIV. Contact with the blood of an infected person does not always lead to the worst results. This is due to the fact that the physical and chemical characteristics of a given biological fluid have many variations. Infection is possible only if the blood of HIV has entered the blood of an absolutely healthy person through an open wound, microcracks on the mucous membranes. In order for pathogenic cells to begin to actively multiply in the body of a healthy person, they must get to the maximum amount in an acceptable habitat. Otherwise, infection does not occur.

Doctors are often asked questions about whether the dried blood of an HIV-positive person is dangerous. There simply cannot be an unambiguous and clear answer here for several reasons. First, the freshness of dried blood plays a huge role. Whether it is possible to become infected with HIV through biological material that has been exposed to the open air for a long period of time is a moot point. The fact is that the cells of the virus remain viable for 2 weeks even in dried blood. How many HIV cells live in this kind of material depends on the stage of the human disease, the degree of mutation of the virus. If the blood of a patient infected with AIDS contains few pathogenic cells, then it becomes safe after a few days. Cells do not die immediately, but gradually.

Infection with HIV AIDS through blood that has dried up less than a few hours ago is possible. However, for this to happen, direct contact of the infected and healthy biological material must occur. This means that a person becomes ill and becomes a carrier of the virus only if the blood of an HIV-infected person in a dried form has entered through an open wound on the body, microcracks on the mucous membranes.

In addition, the parenteral route of transmission and infection of HIV through the blood includes the use of non-sterile medical instruments, such as scalpels, needles. Dried biological material in a small amount may remain on syringes, drills. This route of infection is predominant among drug addicts, as they often share injection needles. Through the parenteral route of transmission of HIV infection, you can also become infected in medical institutions. Transfusion of medicines, reuse of needles and syringes, insufficiently disinfected surfaces increase the risk of infection. Hospitals must strictly monitor the integrity of medical personnel.

Does infection occur when material enters the oral cavity?

Communication with retrovirus carriers is absolutely safe in itself. However, sometimes situations arise that are fraught with unpleasant consequences for a healthy person. You can often hear or read on the forums the question of whether it is possible to become infected with HIV by drinking the blood of a patient. At first glance, such a topic may seem ridiculous, because no one in their right mind would drink it, especially if it is infected with a dangerous virus. Even more ridiculous is the question of whether it is possible to become infected by eating dried HIV blood. However, life is unpredictable, and situations are also different.

The entry of infected biological material into the stomach, and from there into the intestines, can occur when eating food prepared by infected cooks. Cooking is a process that is fraught with various kinds of injuries. The cook may not know that the disease has affected his body, and continue to work in catering establishments. The slightest cut of the chef's finger with a knife can end badly for the visitor if the biological fluid gets into the food, and from there into the body of a healthy person. This also applies to drinks. If the biological material of the infected person is present on the glasses or cups, then the issue of infection through the dried substance becomes relevant.

The risk of infection in this way is 50:50. It depends on the amount of biological material and the presence of open ulcers and wounds in the body. For HIV infection, the minimum amount of blood must be more than one teaspoon. In addition, the risk of infection increases if the biological material is fresh. How much HIV lives in dried blood on dishes and cutlery is hard to say. On average, pathologically altered virus cells are active for up to 2 weeks. Only after the passage of this period of time can we talk about their complete death.

How much blood is needed to become infected with HIV - this question is often heard today. This number is different for everyone. However, if ulcers and wounds are present in the intestines or stomach, then one drop is enough. If the internal organs are in perfect condition, then about a glass of blood is needed for infection. Only this amount will be absorbed by the intestinal walls and enter the bloodstream.

Outside the body, HIV in the blood poses no danger. If HIV blood has entered the stomach, then you need to consult a doctor in two weeks and pass all tests to detect infection.

Is an infected biological substance dangerous during menstruation?

The topic of sex is extremely sensitive. Quite often, people whose partner has AIDS have questions about whether it is possible to become infected with HIV during menstruation. The answer in this case is ambiguous. If during this period of time the couple has unprotected sexual contact or oral sex takes place, then infection is possible.

It happens that there is household contact with linen soiled from menstruation. In this case, you need to ensure that discharge from clothing, sheets do not fall on an open wound on the body. If, by pure chance, you touch linen contaminated with such biological material, then nothing terrible will happen. The skin is a reliable barrier to prevent the penetration of the virus.

Sometimes a patient may come to a doctor's appointment and wonder how she contracted HIV during menstruation. Many mistakenly believe that the virus comes out along with the secretions. However, this is fundamentally not true. The day of the cycle does not matter. Infection is possible at any time if sexual intercourse without a condom or if it is damaged.

I work as an ambulance nurse. Very worried. How often do you need to take tests?

I am very worried about what is the fastest way to get infected with HIV and hepatitis: through blood or semen? And how much bio-material is needed for infection?

9 months ago I went to the hospital, met a girl there. Our friendship quickly grew into a great feeling called love. For 2 weeks we lay together in the same hospital, slept on the same bed, ate from the same dishes. Fortunately, it didn’t come to intimacy, everything was limited to sensitive deep French kisses. I was shocked when I found out that the person to whom I was ready to give my soul, hid from me the fact that he had AIDS. It turns out that there is no such law that infected and healthy people are on different sides of this world, which is why we ended up with her in the same ward. The doctors knew about my friend's illness, but they hid it from me, although they saw our tender relationship with each other. I want to ask you: 9 months have passed since then, I only found out 3 weeks ago that she has AIDS. Immediately passed the ELISA-HIV tests, the result is negative. But these kisses haunt me. Moreover, at that time malaria spilled out on my lip and, of course, her saliva got into the wound. Tell me, do I now have to take an HIV test every three months for life? Since I read that the latent form of the virus can be in the body from 3 to 5 years and not a single marker can detect it.

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Responsible Eric, HIV consultant

Dasha, hello. 1) no 2) zero 3) if infected blood or other liquid with a high concentration of HIV comes into contact with the mucous membrane of the eye, there is some risk of infection.

Is the answer helpful? Yes 17 / No 3

Responsible Eric, HIV consultant

Read carefully again:
If your question is not related to the above, then ask it here: http://aids74.com/trust_mail.html

Is the answer helpful? Yes 5 / No 5

Responsible Eric, HIV consultant

Recently, the problem of the spread of immunodeficiency in Russia has been particularly acute. Poor awareness of citizens about the methods of infection, the picture of the course of the disease, and preventive measures has led to the fact that at the moment the number of patients has exceeded one million people.

The illiteracy of people gives rise to a large number of myths and related questions, for example, what will happen if HIV saliva gets into the eye. These unexplained situations only exacerbate the problem. On the one hand, they do nothing to improve the infectious safety of citizens, on the other hand, they increase the negative attitude towards patients suffering from this disease, increasing their degree of alienation from society.

One of these myths is the transmission of HIV through saliva and mucous membranes. In particular, when HIV enters the eye, for example, when having sex. Repeated studies over a long period of time show that the possibility of infection in this case is practically absent. Therefore, the answer to the question: is it possible to get HIV through the eye - negative.

But what to do if HIV saliva gets into the eye? First of all, it is necessary not to panic, to date, not a single case of infection through the mucous membrane with the help of saliva has been recorded. You should contact a medical institution, undergo an examination and take tests.

It is unreasonable to be afraid of infection not only when HIV gets saliva into the eye, but also through tactile contact, in public places, pools, showers, and so on. The infection is not transmitted by the bites of various insects, although at one time it was suggested that the rapid spread of the disease was due to the activity of malarial mosquitoes, modern studies do not confirm this. In the open air, the retrovirus is extremely unstable and cannot exist for a long time without a carrier.

At the moment, it is officially considered that transmission of the infection is possible through blood, vaginal discharge, semen and breast milk. Therefore, if HIV blood has entered the eye, then the chances of becoming infected are relatively high. Therefore, an immediate appeal to a medical institution is mandatory. Here they will prescribe testing and offer preventive therapy that will help reduce the risk of infection with immunodeficiency if HIV blood has entered the eye.