Intrauterine device: everything you need to know about the contraceptive. Intrauterine device: what you need to know before installation? When is the best time to insert a spiral

One of the most common and effective means of female contraception is the intrauterine device (IUD), the principle of which is to prevent conception and attachment of the embryo to the uterus.

The IUD is a device of small size and various shapes made of soft flexible plastic with the addition of metals, usually copper. There are also spirals with silver and gold, which, in addition to preventing unwanted pregnancy, also have a therapeutic anti-inflammatory effect.

The effectiveness of intrauterine devices is 99%. The spiral is a long-term remedy, and women do not need to take care of contraception every day.

The principle of operation of the intrauterine device

The main action of the spirals is to damage the spermatozoa entering the uterus due to a change in the internal environment, which occurs under the action of the metals in the device. The rate of advancement of the released egg also slows down, so it usually enters the uterus already incapable of fertilization. If fertilization nevertheless occurred, due to the presence of a spiral in the uterus, the embryo will not be able to gain a foothold on the wall of the uterus and begin to develop.

Hormonal IUD coils change the composition of cervical mucus, thickening it greatly, which also slows down the progress of spermatozoa. Any type of intrauterine device is a foreign body for the body, and therefore the endometrium lining the uterus usually changes, which can cause complications.

Term of use

The duration of the spiral directly depends on its type and correct installation. So, if the intrauterine device has moved, it will have to be removed ahead of schedule, because in this case there will be no guarantee of a contraceptive effect.

Most spirals are installed for 5 years, but there are types that last 10 or even 15 years, these include spirals with gold, since this metal is not subject to corrosion. When to remove the intrauterine device depends on the woman's health and the correct position of the device inside the uterus.

Intrauterine device insertion and removal

Before inserting an intrauterine device, it is necessary to consult a doctor who will determine the state of health and the possibility of using this type of contraception for a woman. It is the doctor who will choose the right one.

Many women are tormented by the question - is it painful to put an intrauterine device - there is no definite answer to it, since it depends on the characteristics of the internal structure of the reproductive system, and for each woman it is individual. In general, the installation procedure for the spiral is rather unpleasant, but quite tolerable.

Before choosing the type of intrauterine device, the specialist will prescribe tests for the patient. It is on the results of the examination that the decision on the possibility of installing an IUD and its type will depend.

Analyzes and research:

• complete examination of the genitals;
• gynecological examination with obligatory sampling of smears for oncocytology and vaginal flora;
• expansion colposcopy;
• all blood tests;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

Spirals, as a rule, are installed by women with children. For nulliparous, the intrauterine device, as a means of contraception, is usually not used, with the exception of special models. It is dangerous for nulliparous women to install an IUD because it can cause further infertility.

Preparation for the introduction of the IUD of the spiral is the rejection of sexual activity a few days before the procedure. Also, you can not use vaginal suppositories, special sprays, douching and taking pills without the permission of a doctor.

The introduction of the IUD of the spiral is carried out only by a specialist. The procedure is carried out 3-4 days before the next menstruation, since during this period the cervix opens slightly, which greatly facilitates the process of installing the device. In addition, during this period it is already possible to completely exclude a possible pregnancy. How long the intrauterine device is placed in a particular woman is also determined by the doctor, based on the available indications and the results of the examination.

If the specialist correctly installed the intrauterine device, intimate life can be restored after 10 days, during which menstruation should pass. During sexual intercourse, the device is not felt by partners. Allocations after the installation of an intrauterine device are possible in the first months, which is due to a change in the mucous membrane of the uterus and its attempts to adapt to the introduced foreign body. The discharge is usually spotty and irregular.

After installing the IUD helix, you can not:

• take medications based on acetylsalicylic acid;
• during the first 10 days, use tampons and have sex;
• stay in the open sun for a long time;
• visit baths, saunas, take hot baths;
• lift weights and engage in heavy physical labor.

Only a doctor should remove the spiral. The removal is made in the first two days after the onset of menstruation and, if there are no inflammatory processes, the removal practically does not cause pain. If the thread is in the vagina, and the device itself is not damaged, it will not be difficult to remove the coil. In case of destruction of the IUD coil, a hysteroscopy procedure is required to remove it.

Complications and side effects of IUD insertion

Side effects, complications and consequences with the intrauterine device are quite rare, but one way or another they are possible and you should be aware of them. The following symptoms require urgent medical attention:

• The coil has fallen out of the uterus or has shifted. Sometimes it comes out during menstruation, so it is necessary every month (after menstruation) to check the length of the thread in the vagina.
• Part of a coil was found in the vagina.
• There is no IUD thread in the vagina.
• Profuse bleeding began.
• Menstruation became irregular or disappeared altogether.
• During intercourse, a woman experiences severe or cramping pain. This can be caused by various reasons, for example, an ectopic pregnancy, an ingrowth of the coil into the wall of the uterus, or a break in the wall of the uterus by any part of the installed coil.
• The temperature rises, fever begins, and abdominal pain and vaginal discharge appear - this can be a symptom of various genital infections.

Contraindications

Contraindications to the installation of an intrauterine device can be not only absolute, but also relative.

Absolute contraindications:

• suspected or already confirmed pregnancy;
• any inflammation, chronic or acute processes in the external or internal genital organs;
• uterine bleeding of unknown cause;
• a malignant tumor in the reproductive system, confirmed or suspected;
• any pathology of the cervix;
• pathological changes in the uterus.

Relative contraindications:

• previous intrauterine pregnancy;
• heart defects;
• blood clotting disorders;
• high risk of having any sexually transmitted infection;
• irregular or very painful menstruation.

The intrauterine device is considered one of the most reliable and convenient means of contraception. But in order for its use to be accompanied only by the “pluses” of this type of contraception, it is necessary to correctly select and install the device, as well as carefully monitor your condition during the entire period of using the IUD.

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Insertion of an intrauterine device is a very common method of contraception. The reliability of this method of contraception is very high, from 95 to 99%. Such efficiency is determined by the fact that the choice and installation of the IUD is prescribed by a doctor in accordance with the individual characteristics of the body.

The introduction of an intrauterine contraceptive guarantees the absence of pregnancy due to the fact that the egg cannot be fertilized, as it moves several times faster through the fallopian tubes and enters the uterine cavity in an insufficiently mature state for fertilization. And if, for some reason, fertilization has occurred, the installation of a spiral in the uterus prevents the implantation of the embryo. Pregnancy with an IUD is also impossible due to the special materials from which it is made or the presence of hormonal preparations in it, since they greatly reduce the activity of spermatozoa. The IUD also creates an airlock that prevents sperm from entering the uterine cavity.

There are more than 50 types of intrauterine contraceptive spirals, the doctor should think about which intrauterine device to put you and choose it individually. There are several popular types of IUDs distinguished by shape:

1. S-shaped,
2. T-shaped;
3. In the form of a ring.

And the material for the Navy is most often copper, gold or silver.

Stages of installing an intrauterine device

Installing a contraceptive coil has several main steps.

To begin with, a woman needs to undergo examinations in order to exclude possible contraindications to the installation of the uterine spiral.

Surveys consist of the following analyses:

1. Vaginal smear;
2. smear from the cervix;
3. Blood for RV, HIV, hepatitis;
4. General urine analysis;
5. Examination with a colposcope;
6. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
7. Tests for sexual infections.

Further, in the absence of contraindications, you can proceed to the next stage: the installation of the IUD of the spiral provides for the mandatory exclusion of pregnancy before the procedure. To do this, a woman must pass a pregnancy test.

Installing an intrauterine contraceptive is a fairly simple process. The video of the installation of the spiral in the uterus, located at the bottom of the article, will give you the opportunity to get your impression of this procedure. If you want more information, write in the search bar of your browser: photo spiral installation. Photos from the Internet will help to learn about the procedure in detail.

When and how is an intrauterine device installed?

You can get an answer to the question of how an intrauterine device is placed in the sections of sites about gynecology. Full anesthesia during the procedure is usually not used. The doctor simply treats the cervix with a special anesthetic gel. This moment is shown in many videos of the introduction of the intrauterine device. For the IUD insertion procedure, you must lie on the obstetric chair with your legs in the holders. It is this position that will help the doctor most accurately determine the position of the cervix for the introduction of the IUD into it. The cervix and vagina are treated with an antiseptic. Using gynecological instruments, the doctor opens the cervix, measures the depth, and only then does the introduction of an intrauterine contraceptive. The whole procedure takes no more than 5 minutes. As for the time most suitable for the procedure, the spiral is placed during menstruation (closer to their end), or there are cases when it is necessary to put the spiral after menstruation. On which day to put the spiral, only the doctor can decide in each case individually.

How painful is the procedure for inserting a spiral and is discharge after the procedure the norm?

There is an opinion that it is painful to put an intrauterine device, but this is nothing more than a myth. Since the procedure can deliver a slight feeling of discomfort and nothing more. Pain after the installation of the spiral can sometimes occur, they resemble pain during menstruation. If, after installing the spiral, the stomach hurts, it is worth taking a little rest to allow the uterus to get used to the presence of a foreign body.

Many people ask themselves: I put a spiral, there were discharges, is this the norm? Allocations after the introduction of the intrauterine device are also considered the norm, but only if they do not take on a protracted character. After the coil is installed, bloody discharge may appear intermittently during the first 6 months. They don't pose a threat. But if the discharge becomes abundant, this is an occasion to consult a doctor for advice. After you put in an IUD, the discharge may affect the menstrual cycle by slightly lengthening it, but after a few months everything should return to normal. Having established a spiral, selections are a natural phenomenon. How much discharge goes after the spiral, the doctor will tell you at the reception.

Where to put the IUD, and what is the installation price?

The procedure for installing an IUD does not require a woman to stay in the hospital, it is performed on an outpatient basis in a gynecological clinic. The cost of installing a spiral depends on the tariffs of a medical institution. If you decide to put an IUD in state gynecology, the question of how much it costs to put an intrauterine device will depend only on the price of an intrauterine contraceptive.

When installing an intrauterine device, the price also depends on whether anesthetics will be used. And yet, with an IUD, the price should not be of paramount importance, it is better not to save money, but to purchase a high-quality IUD and pay for the services of a qualified gynecologist in order to be sure that this method of contraception will be really effective.

Collapse

Unplanned pregnancies rarely bring joy and often end in abortion. This is not only killing a small creature, but also harming your health. The intrauterine device allows a woman not to worry about the consequences after lovemaking. Currently, spirals not only protect against conception, but are also able to prevent some gynecological diseases.

What is an intrauterine device?

An intrauterine device is an artificial device that introduce into the uterine cavity. That it becomes a barrier to fertilization. The first contraceptives were spiral-shaped, but now they are made in the form of an umbrella, a loop, a ring, the letter T, but out of habit they are still referred to as a “spiral”. As a rule, they are made of flexible plastic, which may contain silver, copper or gold.

There is no pain during installation, but some discomfort is felt. The spiral is removed easily, as it is installed. There are devices that not only serve as a method of contraception, they additionally have anti-inflammatory properties, normalize hormonal levels.

If you put a spiral, right, then its efficiency is 100%. In addition, a woman:

• no need to worry about whether the man forgot the condom or whether she missed the next oral contraceptive pill;
• no need to constantly spend money on the purchase of another OK package, the spiral is installed once every 5 years;
• you should know that such a device does not affect ovulation, like birth control pills, so if you want to have a baby, the lady will be able to get pregnant immediately after she removes the IUD.

The photo shows what the spiral looks like in the uterus.

Indications for use

Basically, the IUD is indicated for those women who do not want to become pregnant. But, sometimes a hormonal spiral is placed if there is:

• uterine fibroids;
• endometriosis;
• idiopathic menorrhagia (if heavy menstruation without a pathological cause);
• endometrial hyperplasia and to prevent it.

The woman herself can decide to insert a spiral, listening to the recommendations of the attending physician.

Contraindications

Installing a spiral in the uterus is contraindicated in:

• bearing a child;
• oncology of the reproductive organs;
• acute and chronic inflammation of the pelvic organs;
• promiscuity, with frequent changes of partners (there is a danger of becoming infected);
• unknown bleeding from the genitals;
• pathological changes in the uterus.

It is undesirable to bet if:

• there are intermenstrual blood loss;
• there are irregular critical days with severe pain;
• the lady has not yet given birth;
• the woman has anomalies in the development of the genital organs;
• previously had an intrauterine pregnancy;
• have a heart defect
• impaired blood clotting.

The principle of the spiral

This method of contraception destroys spermatozoa and disrupts the process of attachment of the embryo in the uterine cavity. In many devices there is copper, it dies all the spermatozoa that have entered the uterus. When conception occurs, the spiral prevents the implantation of the egg. At the same time, the fallopian tube and uterus contract intensively, the egg cell rapidly dies. In the presence of a foreign body, aseptic inflammation occurs. If the IUD is hormonal, then the endometrium atrophies, menstruation is scanty. Such products thicken cervical secretions, as a result of which it is difficult for spermatozoa to move.

How to install a spiral?

Previously, before putting the IUD, you should visit a gynecologist for a consultation. The doctor will examine the patient, diagnose and select the appropriate product.

Whether such a method can be applied in a particular case, the results of the study will show.

A woman must:

• undergo an examination in a gynecological chair, where swabs for flora and oncocytological analysis will be taken;
• do an extended colposcopy;
• take a general blood test, for HIV infection, etc .;
• do an ultrasound of the pelvis.

An intrauterine device is inserted for those ladies who already have offspring. If this is done to a young girl who has not yet known motherhood, then she may remain barren.

How is the helix placed in the uterus? First, a woman needs to prepare for the procedure. For 3-5 days:

1. Do not have sex.
2. Do not put candles, tampons in the vagina, do not use syringes.
3. Refuse intimate sprays, flavored intimate hygiene products.
4. Do not use any medications without consulting a gynecologist.

Intrauterine devices are installed only by qualified specialists in a special office. This should be done during the opening of the cervix, that is, before the critical days (2-3 days before). At this time, it is not only easier to install the IUD, but you can definitely be sure that there is no pregnancy. According to the results of the diagnostic examination and taking into account the type of product, the doctor determines the service life of the spiral.

Manipulations last no more than ten minutes. The first thing the doctor does is flush the uterus with a special liquid and measure the length of the cervix. Second - inserts a spiral. If the device is in the shape of the letter T, then the tips are pressed during the introduction, then they straighten themselves inside the organ.

At the end there are "whiskers", they remain in the vagina. The doctor should cut them off and leave no more than two centimeters. After the appointed time, the device will be removed with the help of them.

If everything is done correctly, then you can have sex in a couple of weeks. During this time, menstruation should end. During sexual contact, nothing unnatural is felt by either a man or a woman.

Minor spotting is allowed for 20-30 days after the device is installed. After the woman has been given a spiral, it is not allowed:

• drink drugs with acetylsalicylic acid;
• use tampons or put suppositories in the vagina for two weeks;
• stay under open sunlight for a long time;
• visiting saunas, baths and hot tubs;
• lift heavy objects.

Only a specialist removes this method of contraception. This is done 2 days after the onset of menstruation. This is done without anesthesia, as there is almost no pain. If there is a thread in the vagina, there will be no difficulty in removing the IUD. If the spiral is damaged, then hysteroscopy is needed to remove it.

A video on the Internet will show in more detail the entire process of installing and removing an IUD.

The best intrauterine devices

We present to your attention the most popular intrauterine devices. You can see how much a particular instance costs, its advantages and disadvantages.

Possible consequences after installation

If doctors who insert intrauterine devices do not have sufficient experience and appropriate qualifications, then complications such as:

• traumatization of the cervical canal;
• the appearance of bleeding;
• organ perforation;
• the appearance of severe pain during critical days and during their absence;
• pain during intercourse;
• independent loss of the device (expulsion);
• cycle failure (menstruation may become longer, more abundant, bleeding between periods is possible);
• the onset of an ectopic pregnancy;
• the appearance of endometritis and adnexitis after the removal of the spiral;
• inability to have children after removal of the IUD;
• the occurrence of anemia.

Sometimes women experience cramping pain in the abdomen and bleeding. If this is present in the aggregate, then most likely this is a sign of the spontaneous exit of the spiral from the uterine cavity. If the IUD is incorrectly selected by the doctor (its size), then pain is also possible. Sharp pain appears with perforations, if part of the contraceptive has penetrated into the peritoneum. Pain during sex is also a sign of poor installation.

Some women, about 5%, suffer from infectious and inflammatory complications. In this case, there is an increased body temperature, purulent discharge, severe pain in the abdomen.

In 25% of women, there is an increase in blood loss during menstruation (menorrhagia). In rare cases, metrorrhagia is present. As a result, anemia appears.

The IUD is an excellent choice for women who have given birth and have a regular partner. In order to avoid complications, you should carefully choose the clinic and the doctor who will install the spiral for you, and then be sure to undergo an examination. After installing the device, follow the recommendations of the doctor.

The Mirena intrauterine device is a highly effective contraceptive, which, moreover, has a therapeutic effect. The manufacturer of this drug is the Finnish company Bayer, whose representative office is located in Germany. According to the anatomical and therapeutic classification, the agent belongs to plastic intrauterine devices with progestogens. The active substance released from the coil is levonorgestrel. During the day, 20 mcg of this hormone is gradually released.

What is a drug

The Mirena hormonal coil consists of a core filled with hormonal-elastomer content, located on a T-shaped body. From above, the contraceptive is covered with a membrane that gradually releases hormonal contents in the amount of 20 micrograms per 24 hours. The release rate gradually decreases and after 5 years it is equal to 10 mcg in 24 hours.

There is a loop at the free end of the body, threads are attached to it, helping to remove the spiral. The whole structure is placed in a tube-conductor.

The composition of the Mirena spiral: one contraceptive contains 52 mg of levonorgestrel. In addition, the composition includes 52 mg of polydimethyl elastomer elastomer - a neutral substance that is a reservoir for the drug.

The package contains one contraceptive. The inside of the package is sterile, so the coil must not be installed if the outer covering is damaged.

Action on the body

Mirena, an intrauterine hormone-containing agent, releases levonorgestrel into the uterine cavity. At the same time, the daily secretion of progestogen is extremely low, but the hormone content is high directly in the uterine mucosa. The drug enters the blood in a very small amount, with virtually no systemic effects. It does not affect lipid metabolism, does not cause a significant increase in blood sugar and blood pressure levels, and does not increase blood clotting. Therefore, in healthy women, the use of Mirena is practically safe.

Levonorgestrel reduces the sensitivity of the sex receptors to both gestagens and estrogens. At the same time, the endometrium becomes insensitive to estradiol, ceases to proliferate (grow) and be rejected. As a result, thinning of the endometrial layer occurs. This is the main mechanism of the contraceptive and therapeutic effects of the drug.

In the uterus, a slight local response to a foreign body is formed. Cervical mucus thickens, which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the organ cavity. Mirena also inhibits their mobility in the uterus and tubes. In some women, this remedy even slightly suppresses ovulation. Thus, a full-fledged contraceptive effect is carried out.

The drug also affects hormonal regulation: under its influence in the pituitary gland, there is a decrease in the production of luteinizing hormone.

Pregnancy after removal of the remedy in 80-90% of women occurs within a year.

In the first few months of using Mirena, the proliferation (cyclic growth) of the endometrium is suppressed, as a result of which there is some increase in the release of blood from the genital tract. Gradually, the duration and volume of menstruation are reduced, as a result, menstruation with the Mirena spiral is extremely scarce or completely absent. During this process, the ovaries function normally, a satisfactory concentration of sex hormones, primarily estradiol, is maintained in the blood. Only slightly inhibited ovulation and regression of the corpus luteum.

There are no analogues of the Mirena intrauterine therapeutic system. Oral combination preparations of levonorgestrel and estrogens are offered as an alternative. This hormone in its pure form is used only for postcoital contraception.

Indications for use

The Mirena intrauterine device is used in the following situations:

• protection from pregnancy;
• idiopathic menorrhagia;
• prevention of endometrial hyperplastic processes (its excessive growth) during estrogen treatment.

One of the main indications for use is idiopathic menorrhagia. This is a condition manifested by profuse bleeding in the absence of endometrial hyperplasia. It occurs with uterine cancer, large, as well as diseases with severe bleeding disorders (Willebrandt's disease, thrombocytopenia). After six months of use, blood loss is reduced by half, and after two years the effect is comparable to the removal of the uterus.

With (submucosal) uterine fibroids, the effect is less pronounced. However, the use of Mirena can reduce the severity of pain during menstruation, as well as reduce the manifestations of iron deficiency anemia. The Mirena spiral with endometriosis has a pronounced therapeutic effect, causing atrophy of endometrioid foci.

The T-shaped base of the coil contains barium sulfate. It is visible on X-ray examination, for example, with computed tomography. Can an MRI be done? Yes, there are no contraindications for or any other diagnostic procedures with the Mirena system installed.

Is it possible to put a Mirena coil with mastopathy? This disease is not a contraindication if breast cancer has been excluded.

Mode of application

The drug is administered intrauterine, its validity period is at least five years. Levonorgestrel is released initially in the amount of 20 mcg per knock, gradually it decreases to 10 mcg per knock. The average dose of levonorgestrel received by a woman per day is 14 mg of the hormone.

Mirena can be used with any hormone replacement therapy (tablet, patch) containing only estrogen.

Is it possible to get pregnant with the Mirena coil?

Pregnancy may occur in one in 500 women using this remedy within a year. In five years of use, pregnancy occurs in 7 out of 1000 women using a contraceptive.

On what day of the cycle is the spiral placed?

For the purpose of contraception, it is administered in one of the first 7 days from the onset of menstrual bleeding. It can be entered immediately after the abortion. Replacing the spiral with a new one is carried out on any day of the cycle.

In the postpartum period, you need to wait for the involution of the uterus, that is, its reduction to normal size. It usually occurs one and a half months after the end of pregnancy. If the reverse development is slowed down, the doctor excludes postpartum endometritis. Mirena is installed when the uterus is fully restored.

If the remedy is used to protect the endometrium during estrogen treatment, then in the absence of menstruation, it can be administered at any time. If the patient has menstrual bleeding, the spiral should be installed in its first days.

If during or after the introduction of pain, heavy bleeding, it is necessary to urgently examine the patient to exclude perforation of the uterus.

Introduction of the spiral

The introduction of the spiral should be carried out by a well-trained specialist.

Necessary studies before installing the system:

• general blood tests, urine;
• determination of the level of human chorionic gonadotropin to exclude pregnancy;
• gynecological examination, two-handed examination;
• examination and examination of the mammary glands;
• analysis of a smear from the surface of the neck;
• tests for sexually transmitted infections;
• uterus and its appendages;
• extended .

The contraceptive is administered in the absence of an inflammatory process of the genitourinary organs, a satisfactory general condition, and normal body temperature.

Mirena coil insertion technique

A vaginal mirror is inserted, the neck is treated with an antiseptic with a swab. A conductor, a thin plastic tube, is placed into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal, and the spiral itself is passed inside it. You should carefully monitor the correct location of the "shoulders" of the drug in the uterus in order to prevent spontaneous release - expulsion of the spiral.

Does it hurt to put the Mirena system?

The insertion of the coil may be sensitive, but there is no severe pain. With increased pain sensitivity, local anesthesia of the cervix is ​​​​not excluded. When narrowing the cervical canal or other obstacles, it is better not to install the contraceptive "through force". In this case, under local anesthesia, it is better to perform the expansion of the cervical canal. The Mirena coil is thicker than normal because it contains a reservoir of hormones.

After the introduction of the drug, the woman rests for half an hour. At this time, she may experience dizziness, weakness, sweating, lowering blood pressure. If after 30 minutes these signs persist, an ultrasound is performed to make sure that the coil is in the correct position in the uterus. If it is not in the correct position, it is removed.

During the first days after the administration of the drug, itching, urticaria and other allergic manifestations may appear. In this case, the woman should consult a doctor. Sometimes allergies can be treated with medication. In more severe cases, coil removal is required.

A woman should come for a follow-up examination in a month, then in six months, and then annually.

If the instructions for use are strictly observed, there are no complications after the introduction of the Mirena system.

After each menstruation, the patient must be taught to check for the presence of spiral threads in the vagina, so as not to miss the expulsion (“falling out”) of the contraceptive. If such a condition is suspected, an ultrasound examination should be performed.

Removal of the Mirena coil

The spiral is pulled out by the threads, which are captured with tongs. If this is not possible, the cervical canal is dilated and the contraceptive is removed with a hook. Such removal is normally carried out five years after the introduction. If the patient wishes, the next spiral is installed immediately.

It is better to remove the contraceptive during menstruation. If you remove the spiral in the middle of the cycle without installing a new one, then a woman can become pregnant if she had sexual contact during the week before removal. During these seven days, fertilization could occur, the migration of the egg through the tube and its release into the uterine cavity, where it can attach. Delayed ovulation with the abolition of the hormonal spiral practically does not occur.

After removal of the contraceptive, there may be bleeding, fainting and even epileptic seizures in predisposed patients. Therefore, the procedure should be performed by a trained doctor in a specialized medical institution.

Unwanted Effects

During the first months, irregular bleeding persists in 2/3 of women, in a fifth they become more intense, and in every tenth patient - more rare. Virtually none of the patients menstruation does not stop. By the end of the first year, most women continue to have rare and irregular bleeding, observed in only 16% of patients. All these phenomena are considered normal. Reducing blood loss without affecting the hypothalamus and pituitary gland is even an advantage of Mirena, its therapeutic effect.

Side effects from the Mirena coil most often (in more than 1% of cases) include the following conditions:

• reduced emotional background, up to depression;
• headache and migraine;
• pain in the abdomen, lower abdomen, nausea;
• acne, manifestations of hirsutism (for example, male-type hair elements - mustaches);
• backache;
• vulvovaginitis, other infections of the genital tract, heaviness in the mammary glands;
• occurrence, which in most cases resolve after a while without treatment.

Many of these unpleasant symptoms do not require treatment and go away on their own after a while.

More rare side effects:

• intolerance, allergic reactions;
• hair loss, eczema;
• arterial hypertension.

When not to use the drug

Contraindications for the Mirena coil:

• pregnancy or uncertainty in its absence;
• infections of the urinary and genital organs;
• precancerous conditions (cervical intraneoplasia of 2-3 degrees) and cervical cancer;
• malignant tumor of the uterus and breast;
• uterine bleeding of unknown nature;
• deformation of the uterine cavity, including fibroids; the Mirena spiral with uterine myoma can be installed with a small size of the nodes, their location in the thickness of the myometrium or;
• tumors and other severe liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis);
• age over 65 years;
• individual intolerance;
• thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the veins), thromboembolism of other organs, suspicion of systemic lupus erythematosus.

With great care, you can use the Mirena system in the following situations:

• transient ischemic attacks, migraine, attacks of intense headache;
• high blood pressure numbers;
• transferred myocardial infarction;
• severe circulatory failure;
• heart defects and other valvular lesions due to the risk of infective endocarditis;
• diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2, especially with high blood glucose levels and complications.

If pregnancy occurs during the use of the spiral, the contraceptive is carefully removed. If this is not possible, the woman is offered to terminate the pregnancy. The development of the fetus in the uterus, where there is a foreign body, can lead to septic abortion in the 2nd trimester, purulent postpartum endometritis and other serious complications. If the pregnancy can be maintained, then the child is usually born without significant developmental abnormalities. Although there is a high concentration of levonorgestrel in the uterine cavity, it rarely affects the fetus, causing it to virilize (increased male characteristics), because the developing child is protected by the placenta and membranes.

A woman should see a doctor if she has any of the following symptoms:

• lack of menstruation for one and a half months to exclude pregnancy;
• prolonged pain in the lower abdomen;
• chills with fever, profuse sweat at night;
• pain during intercourse;
• unusual in volume, color or smell of discharge from the genital tract;
• an increase in the volume of blood released during menstruation (a sign of coil expulsion).

Now it is not difficult to find an effective contraceptive. A married couple has the right to choose a method on their own, taking into account all the pros and cons. It is very important to visit a doctor and consult on this issue. After all, the health of a woman who wants to become a mother in the future or already has children depends on this in the first place. One of the most popular methods is the intrauterine device. Consider further the pros and cons of the intrauterine device.

How the Navy works

The purpose of the IUD is to protect against unplanned pregnancy. The name says that it is introduced into the uterine cavity, and it was obtained because of the previous appearance of the product, as it looked like a spiral. Currently, the IUD is a T-shaped stick made of flexible, inert plastic. This material is completely safe for women's health.

Spirals are of two types:

1. The upper part of the spiral is in the form of a thin copper wire.
2. The spiral contains a container with hormones that enter the uterus throughout the entire period of operation.

It has both the first and second types of pluses and minuses. The photo above shows what this type of contraception currently looks like.

How the spiral works:

Who can install a spiral:

• A woman who has given birth and is over 35 years old.
• Women with children after an abortion without complications.
• No pathologies of the cervix.
• If protected by oral contraceptives is not recommended.
• Women who have a low level of infectious genital infections.

Contraindications to the IUD

Before using this method of contraception, it is necessary to take into account all the pros and cons of the intrauterine device.

And also make sure that there are no following contraindications:

• Haven't had a birth yet.
• Constant change of sexual partner.
• Cancers of the pelvic organs.
• The presence of injuries and stitches on the cervix.
• Ectopic pregnancy.
• Blood diseases. Anemia.
• Infertility.
• vaginal infections.
• The presence of inflammatory processes in the reproductive system.

How to prepare for the installation of the spiral

First of all, you need to choose a suitable spiral and undergo an examination, which includes:

Next, the doctor must probe the uterine cavity, determine the distance between the uterine angles. And only after a thorough examination and the absence of contraindications, an intrauterine device is installed. The pros and cons of BMC should already be covered by you.

Features of the first days with a spiral

It is worth noting that only a doctor can install and remove the intrauterine device. For several days after the installation of the spiral, the following side effects may appear:

• Lower abdominal pain.
• Sucrose secretions.

You should also avoid increased physical activity. It is necessary to adhere to proper nutrition, more rest, lie down.

The manifestation of side effects can be observed within six months and eventually disappear altogether.

It is necessary to undergo regular medical examination after the installation of the IUD. After installation in a month, then after 3 months, then once every six months.

What are the advantages of the Navy

If you have chosen a contraceptive method such as an intrauterine device, you need to know all the pros and cons.

Let's focus on the positives:

• It does not require special care. After installation, after the rehabilitation period, it is practically not felt.
• The efficiency is 95-98%.
• Can be installed for several years.
• The menstrual cycle for many women becomes shorter, and the menstruation itself is almost painless.
• It has a positive therapeutic effect in uterine myoma and other gynecological pathologies.
• Can be used while breastfeeding.
• Does not affect the reproductive function in the body.
• Efficiency is maintained regardless of the intake of any medications.
• Economical and convenient. You do not need to follow the schedule of admission and spend money on the regular purchase of contraceptives.

What are the disadvantages of the Navy

There are also negative aspects of using the IUD:

• High risk of ectopic pregnancy.
• There is no protection against venereal diseases.
• The risk of inflammatory diseases increases.
• Not to be used by nulliparous women.
• Painful periods for the first six months.
• Large blood loss is possible.

We examined the pros and cons of such a contraceptive as an intrauterine device. The consequences of BMC will be discussed further.

What are the possible complications of using an IUD?

The qualifications and experience of the doctor are of great importance, since the correct installation or removal by an inexperienced specialist can cause the removal of the uterus. Knowing the pros and cons of the intrauterine device, you need to know what complications are possible when using it.

Possible complications when using the IUD:

• Perforation of the walls of the uterus.
• Rupture of the cervix.
• Bleeding after insertion.
• The spiral can grow into the uterus.
• Antennae can irritate the walls of the cervix.
• The spiral can shift or fall out if it is not properly selected and installed.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.

It is urgent to visit a specialist if:

• There were severe pains in the lower abdomen.
• There is a suspicion of pregnancy.
• Bleeding continues for a long period of time.
• There are signs of infection: fever, unusual vaginal discharge.
• During sexual intercourse, there is pain or bleeding.
• The threads of the Navy have become longer or shorter.

We looked at what an intrauterine device is, the pros and cons of this method of protection, as well as possible complications. Let's take a look at patient reviews.