All about microbial eczema. Everything you need to know about microbial eczema Causes of microbial eczema

Eczema refers to inflammatory diseases of the skin that are not transmitted from person to person, being completely non-contagious. As a rule, eczema is presented in a chronic form with temporary exacerbations.

The medical history of this disease can be hereditary or allergic, it can develop under the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors. Also, the culprits that provoke eczema include neuroendocrine, immunological and psychovegetative disorders.

Microbial eczema, the treatment and symptoms of which we will consider today, most often occurs in humans with weakened immune defenses. With a low level of immunity, the body becomes more susceptible to pathogens that enter it.

This is primarily about such common pathogens as staphylococci and streptococci.

1. Sycosiform - observed in people with inflamed hair follicles. Weeping, inflamed, itchy red patches form on the skin. It is localized in the area of ​​the chin, upper lip, armpit, as well as the genitals.
2. Varicose - develops on the legs with a neglected case of varicose veins.
3. Nummular - has lesions of a round shape, with a diameter of 1 to 3 cm, with serous-purulent crusts. Most often it appears on the hands.
4. Mitotic - appears when there is a fungal infection on the skin and nails.
5. Paratraumatic - develops around a long-standing injury, especially long-term non-healing wounds.
6. Eczema of the nipples - formed in women during breastfeeding, as well as against the background of scabies. It is characterized by the appearance of red, inflamed spots around the nipple, which become very wet.

The appearance of eczema may indicate problems with the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, malfunctions in the humoral regulation of the body. Also, with the disease, dysgammaglobulinemia, a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes, and an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes are observed. These symptoms mean that the true cause of the disease is immune deficiency.

Risk factors

People at risk include:

• under stress;
• with digestive problems;
• with disorders of the endocrine system;
• with weak immunity;
• with manifestations of allergic diathesis;
• with allergic diseases;
• with a low level of personal hygiene.

It should be noted that it is the latter factor that plays a huge role in the pathogenesis and initiation of the disease. In most cases, lesions are localized on the legs and arms due to their high sweating and poor hygiene in these places.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of microbial eczema include an inflammatory lesion of the skin, accompanied by various rashes (papules or vesicles), as well as weeping erosion. The process of rash is usually accompanied by severe itching.

The foci have large scalloped edges and merge over time, leaving no healthy skin in the affected area. A large number of purulent crusts are concentrated on the surface of the foci of inflammation of microbial eczema.

Improper treatment of microbial eczema or traumatic effects on lesions can lead to the appearance of secondary allergic rashes. Such rashes are distinguished by polymorphism and are represented by red-edematous spots, vesicles, pustules and papules.

With the progression of the process, these rashes merge, forming areas of weeping erosions, and spread to previously healthy areas of the skin. Thus, microbial eczema is transformed into true.

Microbial eczema: photo

How this ailment looks like in the photo, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the pictures.

Treatment of microbial eczema

When microbial eczema is discovered, the main task of treatment involves maintaining the body as a whole, because eczema, as a rule, has a chronic course, so it is very rarely possible to completely get rid of it.

Treatment of microbial eczema on the legs or arms depends on the medical history and the results of the studies. It is aimed primarily at the treatment of the underlying pathology and the impact on the chronic focus of inflammation.

Depending on the causes of the origin of the disease, it is required to treat fungal skin lesions, pyoderma, sycosis or other relevant pathology. In the case of varicose microbial eczema, treatment includes taking drugs to improve blood circulation.

1. Careful personal hygiene, but the exclusion of prolonged contact with water for skin areas with microbial eczema.
2. Prevention of overheating of the body, as well as injury to the affected area.
3. Elimination of foci of chronic infection.
4. Wearing underwear made from natural fabrics.
5. The diet is predominantly lacto-vegetarian with the addition of meat dishes, cereals, fruits, with the exception of citrus fruits. Limit fluid intake, alcohol, canned and spicy foods.
6. With varicose form of microbial eczema - wearing thick rubber stockings or bandaging the legs, treatment of varicose veins.

In addition, treatment includes taking antiallergic drugs, sedatives, antiseptic and antibacterial agents.

Local therapy

At home, you can use a topical treatment for microbial eczema on the hands or feet, it is as follows:

1. Lotions are made from lead water, as well as a 1% solution of resorcinol, treatment with Castellani liquid.
2. When eczema was provoked by a bacterial pathogen, ointments are used that include antibiotics, for example, Bactroban, Dettol.
3. If the foci of inflammation have slight weeping spots, drugs containing tar, naphthalene ointment are used.
4. In the case of a fungal pathogen, antifungal ointments are used, for example, Exoderil, Loceryl.

For a more severe form of the disease, it is necessary to use the usual therapy with the use of hydrocortisone ointment and glucocorticosteroid agents, which will help you stop the recurrence. In certain cases, these methods of taking these drugs are used constantly with additional supporting vitamin B and C intramuscularly.

After removing the acute phase and stopping the process, irradiation should be applied to the affected area of ​​the skin with therapeutic ultraviolet radiation. To consolidate the success of the treatment, therapeutic mud is used. It is necessary to protect the skin from exposure to frost, snow, sun, rain, and also cover them with aseptic dressings.

It turns out that every third person on earth at least once, but faced with eczema. This is a disease that affects the skin and is expressed by severe itching, redness. One of the varieties of this disease is microbial eczema. Photos of this disease can be seen in the pictures below. The appearance of the affected foci is not very pleasant: they become covered with crusts, get wet, and look unaesthetic. Microbial eczema differs from other infectious skin diseases in that it is caused not only by the microorganism itself, but by malfunctions in the human immune system. And this greatly complicates the process of recovery.

Kinds

Microbial eczema can be:

- Acute - lasts from several weeks to 3 months. A bright red spot appears on the skin, it itches, gets wet.

- Subacute - lasts from 3 months to six months. Here, not only reddening of the skin is observed, but also its compaction, the appearance of peeling.

- Chronic - lasts more than 6 months. The affected skin is very dense, the color is very different from the surrounding tissues.

Where can it appear?

Microbial eczema, a photo of which can be seen in the article, occurs:

- In places of chronic pyoderma.

- Around trophic ulcers.

- In the area of ​​poorly healing wounds.

- Near abrasions, fistulas.

- On sick legs (varicose veins).

Reasons for the appearance

Before starting the treatment of microbial eczema, it is necessary to find out what was the reason for the development of this disease. The causes of the disease may be as follows:

- Inheritance.

- Weakening of the immune system.

- Consequences of allergies.

- Diseases of the internal organs.

- Violation of the hormonal background.

- Frequent stress, nervous disorders, depression.

- Impact on the body of adverse natural factors.

Who is at risk? People with high susceptibility to pathogens of microbial eczema - streptococci. They often:

1. Neglect personal hygiene.
2. They have problems with the digestive tract, as well as the endocrine system.
3. Experiencing stress.
4. They are constantly sick, the defenses of such people are exhausted.

Microbial eczema - hands

It appears as a result of complications of pustular skin diseases, it is formed around wounds, ulcers, fistulas, burns. Treatment of microbial eczema on the hands is a lengthy exercise, since a person usually comes into contact with various objects, household chemicals, without putting on gloves. The therapy of this disease is different for each patient, because people have a different type, severity of the disease. Also, when choosing a method of treatment, the doctor takes into account the age of the patient, his general state of health.

In general, the treatment of microbial eczema on the hands should be comprehensive. The specialist prescribes the following groups of drugs:

1. Enterosobents to reduce intoxication. It can be such preparations in the form of tablets as "Atoxil", "Polysorb".
2. Antibiotics. These can be aminoglycosides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones.
3. Hormonal treatment. Preparations "Prednisolone", "Dexamethasone".
4. Vitamin therapy. Be sure to prescribe ascorbic, folic acid, vitamins of groups E and B.
5. Antihistamines. These can be drugs such as Zirtek, Loratadin, Erius, Lomilan, etc.
6. Immunostimulants - "Timogen", "Plasmol", etc.

We must not forget that microbial eczema on the hands is treated more slowly than on the legs. After all, the lower limbs may not come into contact with chemicals, detergents, etc. But with hands, a person daily washes dishes, washes clothes, etc. Therefore, doctors give such recommendations to patients for a speedy recovery:

- If possible, limit, and it is better to stop using products for washing floors, dishes.

- Water should not be hot, the optimum temperature is 37 degrees.

Microbial eczema on the lower extremities

The disease can also begin on the legs if microbes get into wounds and abrasions. Symptoms of the disease on the lower extremities - the appearance of purulent vesicles, redness, itching. Microbial eczema on the legs is treated in the same way as on the hands. Antibacterial, antiseptic and antifungal drugs are prescribed. Medicines are used externally and internally. If the disease is accompanied by varicose veins, then the treatment of microbial eczema on the legs is supplemented by wearing special compression underwear - stockings, socks, tights, which tone up blood flow. The doctor also advises the patient:

- Do not load your legs.

- Avoid walking long distances.

- Wear well-ventilated shoes to get rid of rashes on your feet.

- Wear natural socks.

- At night, fit a small roller or pillow under your feet.

Popular topical antibiotic for microbial eczema

The drug for the local treatment of diseases resulting from bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues, which is successfully used in medicine, is called "Bactroban". Instructions for use of this medication are as follows:

- Apply ointment 2 to 3 times a day. Apply a small amount of the product to the problem area, put a bandage on top.

- Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after application.

The duration of therapy with this ointment is up to 10 days, depending on the severity of microbial eczema. If no improvement occurs within 5 days, then the patient needs to consult a doctor to change the treatment regimen.

Cream "Bactroban", instructions for the use of which must be in the package with the medication, can be used both as monotherapy and in combination with other drugs.

Corticosteroid drug

An effective ointment with anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and anti-edematous effects, successfully used for dermatitis, psoriasis and eczema, is called "Lokoid". The active ingredient is hydrocortisone 17-butyrate. Cream "Lokoid", the price of which is quite high, given that the ointment is sold in tubes of only 30 g, is used as follows:

- Apply the product to problem areas 1 to 3 times a day. With the improvement of the skin condition, reduce the use of the drug to 3 times a week.

- Apply the ointment with massaging movements. The therapeutic course is set individually and depends on the patient's condition and the course of the disease.

Attention! Dermatologists prescribe patients to apply ointment from 30 to 60 g for 1 week, and it costs about 350 rubles. for a tube. Given that the Lokoid drug, the price of which may initially seem low, is spent rapidly - a package for 7 days - it is easy to calculate how much money a person will have to spend if his course of therapy is 3 weeks. It turns out that from 1050 to 1800 r. And that's just for this ointment. But it is necessarily used together with other drugs for complex therapy.

Solution "Soderm"

This is another remedy that is used to treat microbial eczema. The drug belongs to corticosteroid medicines. Soderm solution relieves itching and pain. You can use the product up to 4 times a week. Treatment of microbial eczema with this solution can bring side effects to a person, for example, allergic reactions will appear in the form of itching, spots, excessive hair growth in unwanted places.

The drug "Soderm" is prohibited to use in such cases:

- People who have skin tuberculosis, smallpox, acne, skin manifestations of syphilis.

- Children under 1 year old.

- For skin reactions after vaccinations.

- With individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

A solution is used to treat microbial eczema on the head. The patient independently applies a small amount of the drug using a special nozzle on the scalp affected by the disease.

Cancellation means "Soderm" should be gradual.

Ointment "Triderm"

Treatment of microbial eczema with this drug gives a good result if a person uses the cream 2 times a day without interruption for 2 weeks. Means "Triderm" has the following effects:

- anti-inflammatory;

- antibacterial;

- antiallergic;

- antipruritic;

- antifungal.

This drug is quite effective, it quickly relieves inflammation on the skin, but in some cases it is forbidden to use it:

- With such diagnoses as chicken pox, herpes, skin tuberculosis, skin manifestations of syphilis.

- For open wounds.

- Toddlers up to 2 years old.

Use the cream with caution for pregnant women, especially in the 1st trimester, for children over 2 years old.

Physiotherapy methods

In addition to the use of ointments, creams for microbial eczema, dermatologists also prescribe drugs for oral administration, diet. Also, the patient can be offered one of the options for physiotherapy:

- Laser treatment.

- Electrophoresis with drugs.

- Irradiation with ultraviolet light.

- Exposure to ozone.

People who successfully get rid of microbial eczema must take preventive measures in the future so that the problem does not return again. Be sure to increase immunity, exclude from the diet those foods that may be allergens, and observe personal hygiene.

Ignoring the problem

If a person does not go to the doctor, does not respond to a disease such as microbial eczema, ignores the treatment (ointment, pills, physiotherapy, folk remedies) prescribed by a specialist, this can lead to serious consequences and cause:

- Spread of red, itchy patches to other areas of the skin.

- The appearance of Kaposi's eczema, a herpes infection.

- The development of a chronic form of microbial eczema, from which it is impossible to get rid of.

Also, such sad consequences can be observed in those patients who independently try to eliminate the disease. Only a specialist after a series of tests, an assessment of the general health of the patient, can prescribe the correct treatment regimen. Therefore, if you suspect this skin disease, you do not need to try to pick up drugs on your own, you must urgently go for a consultation with a dermatologist.

Conclusion

In this article, the reader got acquainted with such an unpleasant problem as microbial eczema. Not a single person is immune from this disease, because various factors can serve as the causes of its appearance: from frequent stress to unfavorable living conditions. It is necessary to treat microbial eczema in a complex way: take medicines, lubricate problem areas with ointments, such as Triderm, Lokoid, Bactroban. Also, do not forget about diet and personal hygiene. A timely appeal to a dermatologist will help not to start the problem and not to transfer it into the category of chronic ailments.

Humanity has long been familiar with the problem of microbial eczema. In the process of researching this variety of eczema, experts encountered many difficulties. It was difficult to determine the symptoms and causes, the diagnosis was ambiguous, and even the choice of treatment (such an important point) was not always correct. At present, most of the difficulties are in the past. The clinical picture of the disease is known and clear. There is a clear classification of types of microbial eczema. A large list of various kinds of medicines and medicinal ointments has been released and tested in practice. Although microbial eczema looks terrifying in the photo, it is not a verdict and the fight against it is being effectively conducted.

Microbial eczema, photo

Microbial eczema, causes

Microbial eczema is secondary disease, its development begins against the background of an existing pathology (skin with existing non-healing wounds). Often, microbial eczema develops after a previous mycotic or streptococcal lesion on the skin. Injury prone to infection can also trigger the onset of the disease.

One of the most common causes of microbial eczema is superficial dilation of the veins of the extremities, accompanied by obstructed blood flow. You can also highlight the re-examatization of festering skin areas.

Infection (bacterial), occurring after all the above processes, very often has a long incubation period and leads to sensitization of human organs (an allergic reaction to an infectious bacterium appears). This is very alarm call. The appearance of this reaction in a patient means that a pathology is developing at the level of immunity and, most likely, disorders of the endocrine and autonomic systems.

The main causative agents of microbial eczema are:

• Epidermal staphylococcus aureus
• Hemolytic streptococcus
• Streptococcus aureus
• Candida fungus

If you do not pay special attention to the treatment of microbial eczema, then the disease will move to another level and develop into true eczema. In this case, eczematous manifestations will appear without previous ulcers or wounds, the disease will take on the character of a chronic disease.

Microbial eczema, symptoms

Microbial eczema is distinguished by the fact that the lesions are located asymmetrically, the center of the focus is covered with festering crusts, upon opening of which an erosive zone similar to a well is observed, with weeping inside.

The boundary of the affected area is a curvilinear outline formed by the detached epidermis. The affected area is colored blue-red, this is due to infiltration of the skin.

Microbial eczema is accompanied by:

• Swelling of the dermis
• Spongiosis
• Sclerosis of the dermis
• Massive acanthosis
• Lymphoid infiltration with the formation of plasma cells
• Exocytosis with the appearance of blisters in the epidermis

Often, manifestations of microbial eczema are localized in places of trophic ulcers, on the stump due to amputation, around fistulas. Also on the limbs and between the folds of the patient's skin. Quite often, elderly people suffer from microbial eczema..

Microbial eczema, types

Based on the characteristics of the course of the disease and the affected area, microbial eczema is classified into the following types:

• Post-traumatic(appears against the background of injuries, surgeries, burns, abrasions, provided that the healing processes of the skin are disturbed. It is characterized by all the fundamental signs of microbial eczema)
• Varicose(is a consequence of varicose veins, as well as improper blood flow. Accompanied by a weakened immune system. The main area of ​​localization is the legs)
• Nummular(coin-like, plaque - characterized by a rounded shape of the affected areas, up to three millimeters in size. The foci are a clearly defined border, usually bloodshot, covered with purulent crusts. The most common area is the hands, although it can also occur on other parts of the patient's body)
• Sycosiform eczema(distributed in patients with inflamed follicles in the hair zones. Inflammation, as a rule, is bright scarlet in color, with weeping, accompanied by severe itching. Favorite localization is the hairy area on the face (beard, upper lip), pubis, armpits. In advanced stages , possibly spreading to areas without hair)
• Eczema of the nipples(The name of the species accurately reflects the area of ​​the lesion. Women who are breastfeeding and people suffering from scabies are susceptible to this disease. Inflammations are redness with clearly defined boundaries, weeping is present, cracks may form in the places of foci)

Microbial eczema treatment

Only a specialist can accurately diagnose a developing disease and develop an effective treatment algorithm. Do not try to self-medicate unless absolutely necessary.

Paramount in the treatment of microbial eczema itself, is the understanding of the origin of the disease, that is, the identification of the disease that provoked microbial eczema, the so-called root cause disease.
The treatment of such a pathogen is reduced to the implementation of course and local therapy, specific measures directly depend on the disease - the causative agent of microbial eczema. In parallel with the treatment of the primary disease, therapy is carried out aimed directly at the treatment of foci of microbial eczema.

During the acute course of the disease, accompanied by abundant weeping, dressings soaked in astringent solutions (one percent solution of resorcinol, lead water) are used. With a small weeping, subacute period, with a predominance of peeling, it is advisable to use various pastes: ichthyol, naphthalan.

A good effect, in both periods, show creams and ointments, based on corticosteroids. In cases of the chronic stage of the disease, due to a clear infiltration of the affected areas, tar-containing preparations or naftalan ointments are used (gradually increasing the concentration from two to five percent to ten to twenty-five percent). Even in the chronic stage, a beneficial effect is exerted by: warming compresses and warm baths.

In situations where eczema is difficult to treat and exacerbation is very common, X-ray therapy or Bucca radiation therapy may be prescribed. Of the medications, can be prescribed: valerian, bromine, trioxazine, elenium. As well as intravenous injections: sodium bromide, calcium gluconate, calcium chloride.

With a large number of exacerbated weeping foci that are difficult to respond to standard treatment procedures, therapy with adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosteroids is possible. It is necessary to mention an important aspect of such treatment, it cannot last more than seven days. For more effective treatment of microbial eczema, it is recommended to observe the patient in the dispensary.

In opposition to microbial eczema, along with the above drugs, antiallergic and antihistamine drugs (desloratadine, diazolin, chloropyramine, suprastin, loratadine), soothing drugs and vitamin B are actively used. Antifungal and antibacterial ointments are also widely used.

Along with the aforementioned drug therapy, well proven physiotherapy treatment. It represents such methods as: exposure to foci - ozone, magnetic field, UHF - therapy, UV radiation, laser - therapy.

There are simple rules, the implementation of which, in combination with complex therapy in the treatment of eczema, will enhance the effectiveness:

• Hygiene
  
• Diet
• Cotton clothing and underwear
• Prolonged exposure to fresh air
• Frequent airing of rooms
• Calm lifestyle, no physical activity
• Timely rest and long sleep
• Reducing stress, psychological stress

With a careful and responsible approach to the cure of microbial eczema and compliance with the whole range of measures, the prognosis for curing the disease is favorable, although in elderly and debilitated patients, a long and complicated course of the disease can sometimes be observed.

Microbial eczema is one of the varieties of dermatitis that develops secondarily, that is, against the background of a disease, usually a fungal or microbial nature. If in other forms of the disease pyoderma is a complication, then for microbial eczema this phenomenon is standard, appearing already at the first stages of the disease. How is it different from other types of dermatitis, contagious or not, and how to treat microbial eczema on the legs and arms?

Features of the disease

Up to 27% of cases of eczema occur in this type of disease. Its localization is always indirectly associated with injuries, cuts on the skin, abrasions or trophic ulcers. Often it is provoked by fungal infections, lymphostasis or varicose veins.

The causative agent of the disease is a number of bacteria and fungi. As a rule, they affect the body for a long time, reduce its protective properties, provoking sensitization. Under the influence of these factors, the process of occurrence of eczema is accelerated.

ICD-10 microbial eczema code: L20-L30.

Microbial eczema can only be contagious if the patient has contracted herpes. In such cases, the disease can be transmitted through contact.

• Children are most susceptible to microbial eczema, as they are much more likely to receive various injuries.
• In adults, the course of the disease is often associated with the primary disease.

Microbial eczema on the legs (photo)

Classification and forms

Microbial eczema is divided into several types:

1. Post-traumatic. The main factor in development is the presence of injuries on the skin. The reason for the appearance in this case of eczema is the low immune defense of the body or slow healing processes. The latter is inherent in some diseases, such as diabetes.
2. Nummular. It differs in plaque lesions with a diameter of up to 3 cm. They usually focus on the upper limbs. The rashes themselves have a weeping surface, a clear edge. The skin on the site of eczema is edematous and hyperemic, on the plaques themselves there are layers of serous or purulent crusts.
3. sycosiform the form sometimes develops along with sycosis in a number of patients. The rashes are red, itchy, and they are located in the areas characteristic of the disease - on the pubic region, beard, armpits, lips.
4. Varicose eczema of the microbial form appears against the background of venous insufficiency or with already developed varicose veins. The impetus for the development of the disease is often maceration, trauma in this area, or the appearance of a trophic ulcer.
5. Microbial eczema of the nipples occurs during lactation with frequent injuries of the nipples, but sometimes it can also develop with scabies. They become covered with cracks, they form foci with red skin, itchy and weeping. Crusts form on the nipples themselves. The whole process takes a long time and is treated very difficult.

You can subdivide the disease and localization:

• on foot,
• on the beard
• on hands,
• in the pubic area
• on the neck,
• on the upper lip
• on the stomach
• in the armpit,
• on the brushes
• on the nipples
• between fingers.

In the following video, the doctor will talk about what microbial eczema is:

Causes of microbial eczema

The main reason for the development is associated with the presence of a pathology that provokes microbial eczema. Usually these are fungal or infectious lesions, against which the protective function of the skin, and sometimes the body, deteriorates.

Pay attention to allergic predisposition or burdened heredity, since in these cases the likelihood of microbial eczema is much higher.

Symptoms

The affected area is usually located on the lower extremities, which is often due to poor blood circulation. The foci of rashes themselves are so large that there may not be areas of healthy skin between them. In the inflamed area of ​​the skin, there are both weeping areas and pustules with serous or purulent contents.

Eczema of this type is also characterized by an abundant amount of purulent crusts that grow. During the disease, severe itching is felt.

Sometimes wetting is not too pronounced. In such cases, large layers of scales form on the surface of the rash. It is very easy to remove them, as smooth skin remains under them without erosive areas.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is usually established already at the time of the first appointment and examination. A special role is played by the features of the clinical picture of the disease, namely, its course is secondary, that is, against the background of the main problem (trauma, varicose veins, etc.). Laboratory tests are carried out only to establish the causative agent of eczema, which is important for the individual selection of antibiotics. Bacteriological seeding can be replaced with scraping for pathogenic fungi, if there is a suspicion that it was they who became the causative agent.

Histological examination is prescribed only if there are difficulties with the diagnosis. For examination, a biopsy specimen is taken from the area of ​​microbial eczema. Its study allows to establish the presence of acanthosis, lymphoid infiltration, spongiosis, edema of the dermis.

Differentiate the disease from other types of eczema, familial pemphigus (benign course), reticulosis, dermatitis, psoriasis.

Treatment

Therapeutic way

The most important is the treatment of the disease that provoked microbial eczema. Therapy is different, so in this case, recommendations are given only by the doctor individually.

• For topical use, antimycotic and antibacterial agents, as well as agents with antipruritic effect, are used.
• Moisture is prevented with anti-exudative ointments.
• Antibacterial agents are good in the treatment of microbial eczema, especially those based on birch tar and naftalan oil. Additionally, they have a drying effect and promote healing.

The selection of ointments should be carried out only by a dermatologist, since some types of products may not be used. For example, if the disease is fungal in nature, then it is forbidden to use antibiotic-based gels.

Physiotherapy is used for the attenuation of an acute process. At this stage, procedures are usually used, such as:

• ultraviolet,
• laser therapy,
• ozone therapy,
• magnetotherapy.

Compliance with hygiene and a hypoallergenic diet are important stages of therapy and prevention of exacerbation of the disease. You need to try extra to avoid any injuries. Throughout the entire period of treatment, it is better to hide the foci of the disease under antiseptic dressings. Do not expose the skin to rain, frost, snow or sun.

The next section will tell about ointments and other medicines for the treatment of microbial eczema on the hands and feet.

A famous doctor tells about the treatment of eczema:

In a medical way

The selection of drugs for the treatment of eczema should be carried out by a doctor. The most commonly used drugs are:

• sedatives;
• B vitamins;
• Diazolin, Loratadin, Suprastin and other desensitizing agents;
• antihistamines.

If the inflammatory process begins to spread or transform into true eczema, glucocorticosteroids and strong antibiotics are connected to drug therapy. Read more about the treatment of microbial eczema with folk remedies at home.

Folk methods

Microbial eczema is not completely treated at home, therefore, folk recipes are not able to prevent it. The use of medications is mandatory, they cannot be replaced by any home-made remedies. It is rational to use them only as an additional component to drug therapy.

1. The use of fish oil as a lotion is effective. The duration of this procedure is limited to 3 days.
2. Allow to remove inflammation applications and lotions based on resorcinol, boric acid.
3. It is useful to make lotions based on natural antiseptics (for example, chamomile).

It is best to limit the local use of folk remedies because of the danger of aggravating the situation with inflammation. It will be much more useful to take general tonic decoctions inside, and if the patient has problems with blood circulation, then it is also worth using decoctions aimed at improving the functioning of the circulatory system.

Disease prevention

Of fundamental importance in therapeutic measures against microbial eczema is the timely treatment of all those pathologies against which its development occurs.

In the future, it is important to be attentive to your health, monitor the work of the circulatory system and exercise regularly. Careful hygiene and following the doctor's instructions are important steps in preventive measures.

Complications

If you avoid therapy for eczema, then this will gradually lead to the fact that allergic rashes will become permanent. Due to the susceptibility of the body to viruses, there is a risk of contracting herpes. Both diseases exacerbate each other so much that even a fatal outcome is possible.

The prognosis that nummular and other types of microbial eczema have is presented below.

Forecast

In general, the prognosis is considered to be favorable, since microbial eczema is treatable. Difficulties can arise only in the elderly or in those whose body is weakened. In such cases, therapy may be prolonged.

Improper therapy or repeated injury to the area with eczema worsens the prognosis, since the risk of a secondary wave of allergic rashes is higher. Both processes of the disease merge, aggravating weeping, and then spread to healthy skin. At this stage, weeping eczema flows into true.

Elena Malysheva will talk about how to treat microbial and other types of eczema:

Eczema is an inflammatory disease that appears on the surface of the skin and changes its appearance. The causes of this disease are not yet fully understood, despite the fact that it occurs quite often.

Symptoms and Causes

Infectious eczema most commonly occurs in teenagers and older adults. If a person has any disease that greatly depletes the immune system, then eczema may occur. Also, the reasons for its development include:

• any pathological condition of the skin of fungal, viral or bacterial origin;
• stitches left after surgery or injuries;
• abrasions, fistulas, ulcers;
• refusal to treat the fungus;
• lack of vitamins in the body;
• hormonal imbalance;
• weakening of the body's defenses;
• genetic component and too sensitive skin;
• varicose disease.

Infected eczema is a skin condition that occurs as a result of any damage to it. It is for this reason that this disease most often affects the arms and legs of a person - they are more than any other part of the body are injured. Various microbes easily penetrate into an open wound, and if they enter the deeper layers, eczema can develop.

The causative agents of the disease, as a rule, are staphylococci, streptococci and fungi. Treatment of eczema must begin with the elimination of the cause of its development.

The main symptoms of infection include the appearance of peculiar foci of thickened skin, which have obvious contours and an inflamed appearance. Due to the fact that there is a rejection of the upper layer of the skin, there may be peeling, bubbles with liquid contents, purulent crusts and cracks.

Skin manifestations are necessarily accompanied by severe itching, which is especially difficult for children to tolerate.. The child is able to injure already damaged surfaces by constant combing.

The disease goes through several stages in its development:

• Stage 1: the appearance of itchy red spots on the surface of the skin.
• Stage 2: infection, the appearance of a characteristic rash.
• Stage 3: the appearance of weeping due to the opening of the bubbles.
• Stage 4: formation of plaques with a crust.

With the further development of the disease, lesions can affect healthy areas of the skin. Typical manifestations of infected eczema can be seen in the photo.

Diagnostics

If signs of the disease are found, it is necessary to contact a dermatologist and undergo an examination:

• Bacteriological culture may be required to clarify the diagnosis. This is done in order to identify the exact causative agent of the disease. With the help of sowing, the susceptibility of microorganisms to antibiotics is also determined - this will help determine the further treatment.
• If there are reasons to assume the fungal nature of eczema, then you need to take a scraping for mycoses.
• In some cases, a histological examination of a skin fragment from the affected lesion may be required. This method allows you to exclude other diseases.

How to treat

After establishing an accurate diagnosis, the most important thing is the timely appointment of adequate treatment. Therapy will be aimed at eliminating the cause, as well as the impact on the lesions.

Medical therapy

Medical treatment includes:

• depending on which causative agent of eczema has been identified, antibiotics or antifungal drugs are prescribed;
• means against manifestations of an allergy;
• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• antiseptics;
• hormonal drugs;
• agents that regulate the immune system;
• sedatives;
• vitamins and minerals.

Taking medications is aimed at eliminating pronounced symptoms. After completing such a course, it is necessary to use special ointments and creams - this will help prevent the recurrence of the disease.

Listerine is considered to be a highly effective external agent of this action. It is good because it does not contain hormones and any chemical components.

Zinc-naphthalene ointment can quickly remove weeping, itching and inflammation, as well as heal foci of eczema. It is extremely effective due to its pronounced antibacterial and antiseptic action.

Methods of physiotherapy treatment

Physiotherapy is prescribed for infectious eczema on the legs and arms in conjunction with drug treatment:

All these manipulations are aimed at consolidating the results of drug therapy. It is also necessary to protect the skin from the negative effects of direct sunlight, snow, rain and frost..

Folk remedies

Alternative methods of treating microbial eczema are good as additional measures to combat this disease. Herbs and decoctions are suitable for internal use:

Medicinal plants used in the form of lotions and compresses on foci of eczema can have a good effect:

• Oak bark, St. John's wort, mint and string are brewed together. This decoction is used in the form of compresses.
• Black radish should be cut into thin slices, applied to wounds.
• Cucumber circles are used for compresses. They can be tied to wounds with a bandage and left overnight.
• Lotions from fish oil are used in liquid form for application to a bandage and applied to sore skin areas.

Baths have a good healing effect. 1 tablespoon of creolin is added to 7 liters of water. In the bath, hands or feet soar for 10-15 minutes. Then you need to let the skin dry without wiping it. The procedure can be repeated for three weeks.

Prevention

Preventive measures to combat infectious eczema include:

• Personal hygiene. Shower should be taken twice a day using products for your skin type. In no case should you take other people's hygiene products. Periodically, you need to change personal hygiene items (washcloth, toothbrush). It is mandatory to wash your hands after visiting crowded places. All emerging wounds must be carefully treated with antiseptics..
• Maintaining proper nutrition is an important point in preventing eczema. The diet should include foods rich in vitamins, eat a sufficient amount of fruits, but avoid too much consumption of citrus fruits - they are characterized by increased allergenicity.

Hardening procedures have a good effect - this contributes to the overall strengthening of the body.

People who experience skin diseases will forever remember the torment - unbearable itching and rashes that can drive you crazy. Appearance also brings a lot of experiences. After all, I don’t want to explain to everyone I meet that microbial eczema is practically harmless to others.

The diagnosis is unpleasant for the patient and proceeds with inflammation of the epidermis in the head, body and limbs. Severe itching, pain and the general unimportant condition of the sick person make him quick-tempered and irritable.

Microbial eczema in the photo 6 pieces

Microbial eczema on the hands (see photo) and other areas of the body, a kind of disease. It has a secondary nature of the flow. It develops on already diseased surfaces, where bacterial or fungal lesions are connected. Inflammatory changes caused by infection are superimposed on already manifested background symptoms.

Diagnostics is carried out in order to determine the microorganisms responsible for what is happening. Examine the tank. sowing of the separated elements or taking a scraping, determining the fungi. The pathogenic flora that causes this type of eczema joins in about 25% of cases of the total mass of patients.

Causes of microbial eczema

Very often, the culprit of infection, determined during sowing, is hemolytic streptococcus. He is not the only one. Infection can be caused by:

• Staphylococcus aureus.
• Klebsiella.
• Neisseria meningitis or gonorrhea.
• Candida fungus, etc.

The limbs are often affected. Since this is an associated infection, it affects places already affected by chronic manifestations. Microorganisms enter tissues through damaged areas. They multiply rapidly, creating inflammation localized in the foci. This often occurs around traumatized wounds that do not heal for a long time: postoperative wounds, fistulas, trophic ulcers and other poorly healing injuries.

Microbial eczema on the legs is common and relatively difficult to treat. Appears due to a disease - varicose veins, lymphostasis or long-lasting fungal infections.

The result of secondary pathology is well-marked mass rashes. They make the owner uncomfortable. For an effective fight, it is important to find out the etiology. There are moments conducive to the easy onset of the disease. In patients with microbial eczema, the causes lie in the following features:

1. In disorders of the autonomic and nervous systems.
2. Neuroendocrine diseases.
3. Congenital strong skin sensitivity.
4. Hypovitaminosis.
5. Genetic predisposition to allergies.
6. Weakness of the immune system.

A weakened body with accumulated allergens, which, in turn, are provocateurs for infections, runs the risk of turning the disease into a chronic one. This form threatens with constant unpleasant health problems and long-term treatment.

Photo of microbial eczema on hands and feet

Having no education in the field of medicine, rarely seeing such problems, it is difficult to imagine the possible amount of infection and the type of affected skin areas. Next, you can make an objective opinion about microbial eczema on the legs, the photo has a rather unpleasant picture. Severe redness, purulent discharge, dried yellowish-brown crusts, cracks, papules and other unsightly elements create an overall picture.

Therefore, if you find yourself predisposed to allergic manifestations: redness, diathesis and any initial stages of skin lesions - be sure to go to a dermatologist! It is better to prevent a disease than to bring it to a state that is difficult to treat.

microbial eczema is an inflammatory skin disease that is allergic in nature. The disease develops due to the activity of pathogenic microorganisms against the background of weakened immunity. It is a concomitant disease and occurs on areas of the skin that were previously affected by any pathologies. The etiology and pathogenesis of microbial eczema has not yet been fully determined and they continue to be studied. Dermatosis code according to ICD-10 - L30.

Varieties and atypical forms

There are several varieties of infectious eczema, depending on the clinic:

1. For nummular or nummular eczema on the skin there are small rounded inflammatory, edematous and weeping plaques about 1-3 cm in size.
2. herpetiform variety disease occurs due to the activation of the herpes virus.
3. Varicose or hypostatic dermatosis accompanied by varicose veins, venous insufficiency and ulceration of skin around diseased vessels.
4. Paratraumatic eczema is activated due to violations of the process of tissue regeneration after injuries, surgical intervention and improper skin treatment in the postoperative period.
5. Papillary variety of the disease develops in women during lactation and is characterized by the appearance of weeping plaques and cracks on the nipple.
6. Sycosiform dermatosis occurs in patients with inflammatory processes in the hair follicles and is localized only in the hairline (chin, head, upper lip, armpits, pubis).
7. Mycotic eczema manifested against the background of a fungal infection.
8. Occupational dermatosis occurs as a result of prolonged contact of the patient with harmful chemicals in the workplace.

Causes

The standard reasons for the development of microbial dermatosis can be called:

• weakening of the immune system;
• fungal skin lesions;
• neuroendocrine pathologies;
• violation of innervation in the area of ​​inflammation;
• allergic reactions;
• genetic factor, heredity;
• bacterial infection.

The development of the disease is provoked by concomitant factors (exogenous and endogenous):

• violation of the integrity of the skin, severe injuries, fistulas;
• arthritis;
• immunodeficiency;
• stress, nervous tension and psycho-vegetative disorders;
• diseases of the digestive tract;
• lymphostasis;
• brain pathology;
• violation of peripheral blood supply;
• insufficient personal hygiene;
• phlebeurysm;
• hypersensitivity to fungal microorganisms;
• diabetes;
• private infectious diseases;
• violations of the kidneys;
• the presence of a vegetative infection in the body (chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis);
• constitutional violations, etc.

The direct causative agents of dermatosis, which trigger the mechanism of the disease, include:

• streptococci (especially b-hemolytic streptococcus);
• fungi;
• Proteus;
• staphylococci (epidermal and golden staphylococcus aureus);
• meningococci;
• gonococci;
• klebsiella.

Symptoms

Symptoms of microbial eczema depend on its variety, but there are signs that are characteristic of all types of pathology. Visually, dermatosis manifests itself in the formation of pathological areas of erythema with clear boundaries.

Erythema is a severe reddening of the skin due to excess blood flow in the capillaries. Along the edges of these structures, the skin begins to gradually exfoliate.

A characteristic feature of bacterial eczema is the asymmetry of the localization of lesions, which tend to merge. As the disease progresses, there is no healthy skin between the vesicles. In the center of the inflamed area is a purulent or catarrhal papule with weeping formations.

In the future, the scalloped edge will be covered with elements of dying epithelium and hard crusts. As the boundaries between the foci of infection are blurred, screenings will form: accumulations of barren hills and abscesses. Skin formations are accompanied by burning and severe itching.

Localization of papules and vesicles depends on the focus of inflammation, but most often they occur:

• on the lower and upper limbs due to their increased traumatism;
• in the area of ​​the nipples in women;
• on cheeks and chin.

Most often, the foci of infection are located in one specific place, but in the absence of proper therapy, extensive inflammation of the skin can develop - a severe complication of nummular eczema, which requires urgent treatment in a hospital.

Photo of microbial eczema: what it looks like

Pictures of bacterial eczema.

Stages of manifestation of eczema.

Diagnostics

Components of the diagnosis of microbial eczema:

• visual inspection;
• collecting the necessary data during the survey;
• laboratory research.

To confirm the diagnosis, an additional collection (scraping) of a histological biopsy is usually carried out for further examination of the tissue and determination of the intensity of inflammation.

Acute eczema is characterized by:

• violation of the process of keratinization;
• intercellular edema in the epidermis;
• swelling of the functional dermal layer.

Chronic eczema manifests itself:

• strenuously in the process of keratinization;
• thickening of the layers of the epidermis (especially spiny);
• infiltration around the vessels.

Also, with the help of biopsy microscopy, causative agents of dermatosis are detected.

Also, when studying eczema, the delivery of the KLA is shown for:

• immunoglobulins,
• eosinophils,
• T-lymphocytes.

Treatment of microbial eczema

Drug therapy for microbial eczema is indicated only as directed by a doctor after appropriate diagnostic measures have been taken and the pathogen has been identified. In some cases, complex studies of the body will be required to determine the true cause of the pathology (examination by a neurologist, gastroenterologist, ENT, etc.). Taking pills without prior research can only exacerbate the pathology and lead to its degeneration into a chronic form.

Complex therapy includes:

• local treatment;
• oral medication;
• physiotherapy;
• compliance with the daily routine;
• proper nutrition.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy procedures:

• reduce itching and burning;
• reduce inflammation;
• anesthetize;
• correct the functioning of the immune system;
• normalize metabolism;
• reduce the excitability of the central nervous system;
• restore the regeneration of the epidermis.

Physiotherapeutic methods are used as standard in the treatment of microbial dermatosis:

• transcranial electrical stimulation;
• endonasal electrophoresis with antiallergic drugs;
• electrosleep;
• helium-neon laser irradiation;
• ultrasound;
• UV irradiation;
• inductothermy of nerve ganglia;
• ultratonotherapy of infiltrates;
• selective phototherapy;
• magnetotherapy;
• PUVA therapy;
• ultraphonophoresis with hormonal drugs;
• paraffin applications.

The exact treatment is prescribed only by a doctor based on the diagnostic measures taken.

Ointments

Local therapy drugs are prescribed based on an analysis of the patient's clinic, the presence of concomitant pathologies and the severity of symptoms.

In the treatment of eczema, the following medications are traditionally prescribed:

• Clobetasol - a cream that eliminates swelling and itching, suppresses the hypersensitivity reaction of the skin and partially relieves the manifestations of the inflammatory process;
• Advantan - ointment that relieves itching and swelling;
• Triamcinolone - a cream that suppresses the generation of inflammatory mediators;
• Prednisolone - a gel that reduces the inflammatory process;
• Hydrocortisone - hormonal anti-allergic cream;
• Akriderm is an anti-allergic drug that reduces tissue synthesis of mediators;
• Ichthyol is an ointment that, in addition to the standard regenerating properties, has antiseptic and stimulating properties in relation to skin capillaries;
• Dexpanthenol - a cream that activates enzymatic and healing processes;
• Fucorcin is an anti-inflammatory drug indicated for the formation of hard crusts;
• Fenistil gel and other non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (Gistan, Eplan, Radevit);
• pastes with antibiotics, boron, zinc and sulfur to accelerate the formation of crusts;
• antiseptic solutions (boric acid solution, resorcinol, lead water) - for the treatment and cleansing of inflamed areas;
• antibiotic ointments:
  • tetracycline ointment;
  • Bactroban;
  • Dettol;
  • Drapolene;
  • erythromycin ointment;
• antifungal ointments:
  • Loceryl;
  • Exoderil;
• drugs that counteract the production of calcineurin (with a general skin lesion):
  • Tacrolimus;
  • Pimecrolimus.

Pills

Drug therapy takes first place in the treatment of microbial eczema, because. It is aimed at eliminating the internal cause of the disease, which does not always lie in a specific pathogen.

It should be borne in mind that uncontrolled medication can lead to complications and the development of concomitant diseases, therefore, all medications should be taken only as prescribed by the local therapist, dermatologist, pediatrician (if we are talking about children), allergist or ambulance doctor in case of emergency therapy. All drugs prescribed for dermatoses can be divided into several groups depending on their mechanism of action.

Antihistamine medicines

Antihistamines reduce itching, burning and other manifestations of allergies. Anti-allergic drugs temporarily anesthetize and calm the patient. By blocking histamine receptors, these medications reduce pronounced tissue swelling.

These medicines include:

• diazolin,
• Suprastin,
• lordestin,
• Fenkarol, etc.

Glucocorticosteroids

Glucocorticosteroids suppress allergies and inflammation in tissues, slow down the release of biologically active substances (including inflammatory mediators). They have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. These drugs also indirectly affect the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the body.

Most often, glucocorticosteroids are used for bacterial eczema:

• betamethasone,
• Dexamethasone
• Prednisolone.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics for microbial eczema are indicated if there is a bacterial infection.

Signs of a bacterial infection:

• the occurrence of pustular rash;
• discoloration of rashes and exudate;
• the formation of erosive plaque;
• the appearance of a specific smell;
• fever and other signs of intoxication.

Also, with extensive skin lesions, papules and vesicles become a gateway for any pathogenic microflora, and a weakened body is simply not able to fight active microorganisms. Antibacterial therapy must be preceded by a diagnosis of the pathogen, otherwise there is a risk of prescribing an inappropriate drug.

With microbial dermatosis, the following antibiotics are most often prescribed:

• erythromycin,
• oxacillin,
• doxycycline,
• Ampicillin, etc.

Sedative drugs

Normalization of the functions of the central nervous system in eczema is necessary even if not its pathology caused the onset of the disease. Spots on the skin in themselves are a stress factor, so the overexcitation and tension of the patient should be relieved with weak sedatives.

List of sedatives:

• motherwort;
• valerian;
• Nozepam;
• Phenazepam (has a pronounced sedative effect, it should be taken with extreme caution);
• Chlosepides, etc.

Diet

Patients with eczema should remove from the diet all foods that can cause allergies. It is advisable to include sour-milk products, boiled and stewed meat, vegetables (especially turnips and rutabaga), fruits (except citrus fruits), freshly squeezed juices and vegetable oils of various modifications in the daily menu. At least 2 liters of plain water should be drunk per day, as it helps to eliminate pathogenic microflora from the body.

Treatment with folk remedies at home

Folk remedies can be used only with the permission of a doctor. They should not replace drugs related to traditional medicine.

Three simple recipes for eczema:

1. To 100 grams of potatoes, previously grated on a fine grater, add 1 tsp. honey (preferably buckwheat) and mix thoroughly. Then the resulting mixture is spread on a bandage or gauze and fixed on painful areas. The procedure lasts at least 30 minutes.
2. Finely chopped cabbage and nuts (any, but better walnuts) in equal proportions should be mixed and the resulting product should be put on the inflamed area for half an hour.
3. You need to place one broken raw egg in a liter jar, then pour in a little water to cover the egg, and a little vinegar (1-2 teaspoons). Then the mixture should be thoroughly beaten until foam appears. This remedy should be smeared with a thin layer on the affected areas and left overnight.

Herbal preparations for immunity

A tablespoon of creeping wheatgrass roots is poured into 200 ml. hot water. Then the solution is boiled a little over low heat, after which it should be kneaded in a dark, cool place and let it brew for 12 hours. The resulting remedy is taken in a third of a glass 2 times a day to strengthen immunity in eczema.

For the same purpose, an infusion of red viburnum is prepared. 4 tablespoons of berries are crushed and poured into 400 ml. boiling water. Let it brew for 6-8 hours, after which they drink half a glass 3 times a day.

With microbial eczema, contact with allergens, active chemicals and other factors that can lead to serious complications should be limited. Due to the specificity of the disease in the acute period of dermatosis, contact with water should be avoided, and the skin should be cleaned with special medications.

Prevention

Standard preventive measures to prevent microbial eczema include:

• the use of detergents with a neutral pH level;
• compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
• use of a nail file for both hands and feet;
• wearing clothes made from natural materials;
• treatment of chronic infections;
• adherence to proper nutrition, etc.

Complications and consequences

The most well-known complications of microbial eczema include:

• accession of a bacterial and pyoccal infection;
• Kaposi's eczema (layering of the herpes virus);
• erythroderma;
• lymphangitis;
• pathology of the endocrine system;
• neurodermatitis;
• degeneration of microbial eczema into true eczema.

The consequences of bacterial eczema are:

• the appearance of deep furrows and scars;
• thickening of the skin at the site of the former focus of infection;
• strengthening of the papillary pattern;
• reddish-bluish nodes on the palms and inner surface of the feet.

Is it contagious and how is it transmitted

Infections with the microbial form of dermatosis occupy a small proportion of all cases of the disease, therefore, bacterial eczema cannot be considered a 100% contagious disease. It is not transmitted through a handshake or a kiss. Infection with eczema is possible only with the addition of fungal and bacterial infections.

Features in children

Bacterial eczema is most susceptible to:

• infants aged 2 to 6 months;
• teenagers in transition due to hormonal fluctuations.

Also, the development of the disease is influenced by the factor of hereditary predisposition and immunity. If the baby is under one year old, healthy, kept clean and fed with breast milk, the risk of developing dermatosis is reduced.

In adolescents, the disease develops against the background of factors characteristic of adult patients:

• the presence of diabetes;
• immunodeficiency;
• endocrine disorders;
• allergic diseases, etc.

All these pathologies are combined with hormonal changes, as well as stresses characteristic of adolescence, and often activate microbial eczema.

During pregnancy

Against the background of weakened immunity and hormonal changes during the period of gestation, a woman often develops dermatosis. This disease does not pose a danger to the life and health of the expectant mother and baby, but reduces the quality of life of a woman due to unpleasant symptoms: rash and itching. If the first symptoms of a skin disease appear in a pregnant woman, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Video about eczema

The video tells about five folk recipes for bacterial eczema on the hands. Real step-by-step recommendations for the fight against the disease are given.

Forecast

Dermatosis can and should be fought. You should not start the disease and think that it will pass on its own. With complex treatment and proper care, bacterial eczema will be completely cured without any marks on the skin.

Update: October 2018

Eczema belongs to a group of widespread skin diseases and is a chronic inflammation of the surface layers of the skin of a neuro-allergic nature. Eczema is characterized by polymorphism of rashes, a tendency to weep and a very persistent course, therefore, with eczema on the hands, treatment should be comprehensive, individual,

The disease brings significant psychological discomfort to its owner, since rashes are most often localized on open areas of the body (feet, hands and face). The disease proceeds cyclically, with periods of remission and exacerbation. The question of how to treat eczema on the hands is relevant, since many therapeutic areas have insufficient effectiveness, and the disease reminds itself again and again.

Why does eczema occur on the hands?

Some doctors still classify eczema as an idiopathic disease, i.e. with unknown etiology. Indeed, the true causes of the development of eczema have not yet been fully understood, but there are a number of factors that have been proven to play an important role in the occurrence of one or another type of eczema:

idiopathic eczema just is the type of eczema, the exact cause of which has not yet been established. There is an opinion that various internal and external factors play a certain role in its occurrence, such as:

• emotional and mental stress
• traumatic situations
• vegetative-vascular dystonia
• thyroid disease
• diabetes
• diseases of the digestive system
• hereditary factor

atopic eczema occurs in people with a significant tendency to allergic reactions (allergy to plant pollen, food, animal hair). Also at risk for this type of eczema are people with a hereditary predisposition to atopic diseases (for example, with bronchial asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, see).

Occupational eczema develops with prolonged negative effects on the skin of certain chemicals - chromium, nickel, formaldehyde, dyes, detergents. Occupational eczema initially manifests itself in a typical place of skin contact with a chemical irritant - on the hands, and then can spread to other areas of the skin.

microbial eczema affects areas of the skin with a long-term inflammatory process of microbial or fungal etiology.

There are also such types of eczema as seborrheic, which develops against the background of the persistent fungus Malassezia furfur on the scalp, and varicose eczema, which is localized on the skin of the lower extremities and develops due to poor blood supply against the background of varicose veins. As well as children's eczema, which is most often localized on the skin of the forehead, cheeks, chin. But these types of diseases very rarely occur on the hands.

The common causes of eczema on the hands are the influence of internal and external stimuli, coupled with a specific predisposition of the skin of a congenital or acquired nature, as well as features of the epidermis, expressed in the tendency to develop microbubble epidermitis, which is characterized by an increased susceptibility of the body to a number of irritants.

Some researchers have established the following provoking factors that affect the occurrence and progression of eczema:

• micronutrient deficiency
• lack of vitamin B6
• worm infestations (see,)
• deficiency of unsaturated fatty acids;
• impaired functioning of the kidneys of an exchange nature
• intestinal dysbacteriosis, inflammation of the gallbladder (see,)
• immunodeficiency, both congenital and acquired

Symptoms of eczema on the hands

• idiopathic eczema

characterized by a very palpable. Rashes are most often localized on open parts of the body, including on the hands - they can be erythematous, papular, vesicular and are characterized by symmetry. The acute process begins with small bubble rashes, which, when the process is chronic, merge and open, forming point erosions. The chronic course of the disease leads to skin lichenification.

• atopic eczema

• For occupational eczema

exposed areas of the body at the site of contact with the irritant (neck, face, forearms, hands) are affected. The progression of eczema leads to the spread of lesions to other areas of the skin. The manifestations of the disease are typical and very similar to idiopathic eczema.

• microbial eczema

most often acts as a complication of pustular skin disease and is localized around wounds, in places of burns, ulcers and fistulas. Initially, the process is limited - a unilateral lesion occurs with detachment of the horny part of the skin along the periphery and or exudate in the center, which then shrinks into crusts. Screenings of pustular elements appear near the main focus. With a long course of microbial eczema, symmetrical areas of the skin are typically affected. Itching is mild.

Treatment

How to treat eczema on hands? Chronic eczema of the hands and other parts of the body is characterized by a long course. Treatment is prescribed individually for each patient and takes into account the type of eczema, the severity of the inflammatory process and the individual characteristics of the patient (age, general condition, treatment results, etc.). The question of how to treat eczema on the hands can be answered in one word - comprehensively.

General drug therapy

Pathogenetic therapy is the main type of treatment, without which it is impossible to cure eczema on the hands. This type of therapy is aimed at leveling or weakening the negative influence of the external environment or altered functions of internal organs.

When eczema on the fingers is diagnosed, treatment often includes non-specific desensitizing therapy: autohemotherapy, blood transfusions, hirudotherapy, lactotherapy.

In severe eczema, hemosorption, enterosorption and plasmapheresis are performed.

Biostimulants are prescribed: course injections of extract or placenta, 1.0-1.5 ml each.

In case of severe neurotic disorders, the following is prescribed:

• the doctor may prescribe sodium bromide orally at 5-15 ml 3 r / day
• Bromocamphor also three r / day for 2 weeks
• only on prescription tranquilizers in small doses - Nozepam, Phenozepam, Chlozepid no more than 10 days
• sedative herbal remedies - Novopassit, Persen, Valerian, Peony tincture, Sedasen

Enterosorbents and drugs to reduce intoxication:

• Among the energy sorbents, one can single out Polyphepan, Multisorb, Enterosgel, Atoxil,) also in a short course of no more than 10 days
• Intravenous injections of sodium thiosulfate 10-20 infusions of 10 ml. or calcium chloride
• For mycotic eczema, hexamethylenetetramine solution
• Calcium gluconate intramuscularly 10-20 injections

hormone therapy

Persistent eczema of the fingers, between the fingers is treated with hormonal drugs, which are used only as directed by a doctor, in a short course, with the gradual withdrawal of the drug and only in cases of emergency. Taking corticosteroids has serious side effects and a number of contraindications, it can contribute to the development of infectious processes, exacerbation of chronic diseases, since it reduces immunity (see).

Especially dangerous is their prolonged or frequent uncontrolled use. When eczema is localized only on the hands, fingers, it can be limited to using only local hormonal agents, but in case of generalization of the inflammatory process, oral hormone therapy can also be prescribed, it lasts no more than 10-15 days in moderate, controlled doses:

• corticotropin 40 units daily (800–1000 units per course)
• prednisolone 20-40 mg daily
• triamcinolone 10 mg daily
• dexamethasone 2.5 tablets daily

vitamin therapy

Vitamin therapy is indicated for the treatment of any kind of eczema on the hands. However, given the latest research by scientists, preparations containing synthetic vitamins should be treated very carefully (see):

• Vitamin E (oil solution)
• Ascorbic and nicotinic acid
• Vitamins of group B in injections
• Folic acid

Antihistamines are indicated for any type of eczema on the hands:

• In an acute process, parenteral administration of diphenhydramine, chloropyramine, promethazine is indicated.
• With moderate severity, 1 tablet orally for 2 weeks 3 r / day
• Then you can use drugs of the 2nd and 3rd generation, such as ebastine (Kestin 300 rub. 10 pcs), cetirizine (Cetrin 150 rub. Zirtek, Zodak, Parlazin), Loratadin (Clarisens, Claritin, Lomilan, Loragexal, Loratin), fexofenadine (Telfast , Feksadin) desloratadine (Erius, Lordestin, Desal) see full.
• It is also possible to use Ketotifen, a mast cell membrane stabilizer.

Immunomodulators

• Phagocytosis stimulants, these include Polyoxidonium, Likopid, Prodigiosan
• Thymomimetics are Timogen, Timalin, Immunofan
• According to indications, use is possible - Vitreous humor, Humisol solution, Plasmol, placenta extract, they can be used to treat eczema on the hands and body only in a chronic process.

With dysbacteriosis, indigestion

When eczema is combined with pancreatitis, other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, gastroduodenitis, bile salts, enzyme preparations, pepsin are prescribed - these are Pancreatin, Ermital, Creon, Festal, Solizim, Enzistal, Panzinorm forte, Micrasim, Pangrol, Gastenorm, Pepfiz, Biozim. If eczema on the hands is accompanied by a violation of the intestinal microflora (see), courses of probiotics are used, such as Lactobacterin, (see).

For microbial eczema

In the presence of a purulent process with microbial eczema, antibacterial agents are used. For maximum effectiveness of the treatment, it is better to pre-sow the flora and determine the resistance and sensitivity of the eczema pathogen to specific antibiotics. Macrolides, 2nd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides are commonly used. When a fungal infection is attached, either local treatment with antimycotics - ointments, creams is indicated.

Local drug therapy

Various aqueous solutions, powders, suspensions, pastes and ointments are shown. The choice of a specific dosage form and method of local treatment of eczema on the hands is determined by the type of eczema and is based on the prevalence, localization and severity of inflammatory elements.

microbial eczema- with this type of skin lesion, the following solutions are applied to cortical formations, pustules:

• Dyes - "brilliant green", a solution of gentian violet, methyl violet
• It is possible to use aerosols and creams of polcortolone, panthenol, levovinizol (see list)
• In extreme cases, a short course of treatment in the form of lotions with solutions of ethacridine lactate, resorcinol

With limited forms of eczema, for example, of the hands, weakly astringent agents and itching compounds with an anti-inflammatory effect in the form of dressings or lotions are indicated:

• Burow's liquid
• lead water
• resorcinol solution 1–2%
• zinc or copper sulfate solution 0.1%
• silver nitrate solution 0.25%
• 2–5% phenol solution
• 0.5–1.0% menthol solution
• citric acid solution 1%
• podophyllin ointment for eczema on the hands 0.1%
• diphenhydramine paste 2-5%

In the case of an acute process, powders made of white clay, zinc oxide, and wheat starch have a good effect. After the acute phase subsides, indifferent pastes and ointments, zinc oil are prescribed.

If there is edema, weeping, erythematous lesions, the presence of erosion, in addition to resorcinol, use lotions from solutions of galascorbin, boric acid, tannin, from medicinal herbs - decoctions of St. John's wort, chamomile.

When the acute inflammatory process begins to subside, mixtures are used - Paste Lassar, zinc paste, it is possible to add additional antipruritic, antiseptic agents to them, such as naftalan paste, ichthyol, boron-zinc. In the case of chronic eczema on the hands, the following ointments can be added to the zinc ointment - boron-naftalan, methyluracil, dermatol, which enhance the anti-inflammatory effect.

Also, according to indications, corticosteroid ointments for eczema on the hands are used, among which are Elokom, Skin-cap (it contains a powerful corticosteroid drug, which is not indicated in the instructions), Celestoderm, Advantan, Flucinar (see the full list of all hormonal ointments with their side effects in the article). With microbial eczema, it is better to use not pure hormonal ointments, but with the addition of antimycotics, antibiotics or antiseptics - Lorinden C, Celestoderm with Garamycin, Trimistin, Travocort, Kremgen.

Physiotherapy procedures

Physiotherapeutic techniques contribute to the resolution of inflammatory elements and are an important component of treatment. Apply:

• 2-4-chamber baths
• baths with mineral water
• aerotherapy, electrosleep
• diphenhydramine inhalations
• general galvanization
• diadynamic therapy
• segmental exposure to ultrasound
• ultraviolet irradiation
• ultraphonophoresis of external medicines
• , ozokeritotherapy
• , ozone therapy
• low frequency magnetic field
• acupuncture
• paraffin applications

diet therapy

It is recommended to give up spicy and salty foods, strong meat broths, egg whites, fried meats, game, smoked meats, preserves, cheeses, sausages, spices, coffee, chocolate, alcoholic beverages. The preparation of protein products (meat, fish) should be carried out in a dietary way. In general, a light milk-vegetarian diet is indicated.

Folk remedies for eczema

When there is eczema on the hands, folk remedies are very effective and are used as an addition to the main treatment or act as an alternative to such treatment if it is ineffective.

• Baths with salt

Dry hand eczema is well treated with salt water. Salt (preferably sea salt) is added to hot water, about 2 tablespoons per 1 liter of water. Such baths for eczema on the hands are made in a basin with a solution and are there until the water cools down. You can do this procedure daily until a noticeable improvement occurs.

• homemade emulsion

With weeping eczema, homemade emulsion helps. One chicken egg is driven into a small jar, 50 ml of vinegar (table) and water are added. This mixture is then thoroughly mixed until emulsified. The affected areas of the skin are lubricated with this mixture at night and covered with a cloth on top. In the morning, the dried film cannot be washed off, and in the evening it is necessary to repeat the procedure. Within about a week, weeping resolves and dry skin peels off.

• Kalanchoe juice

A good therapeutic effect is provided by the juice of Kalanchoe officinalis, which should be regularly lubricated with the affected skin.

• Coltsfoot

To relieve unpleasant symptoms in the form of itching and treat eczema, coltsfoot helps, which must be passed through a meat grinder and fresh milk added to it. The affected areas are lubricated with the resulting composition at night and snatched with cellophane. Relief occurs after 2-3 procedures.

Anti-relapse treatment and prevention of exacerbations

During the period of remission, course treatment with histoglobulin is carried out. Impeccable observance of personal hygiene rules and timely treatment of intercurrent diseases are important. Compliance with the diet helps to significantly prolong the period of remission. Affected areas of the skin should be protected from any negative impact, both when doing household chores and in production.