Inhibition of thinking and perception. Inhibition of thinking, movements and the mental sphere: causes, symptoms

S.N. Mosolov points out that such depressions with a predominance of apathoanergic symptoms in recent years are very common among other depressions and often turn out to be torpid to pharmacotherapy. It is assumed that their increase is associated with drug pathomorphism of depression.
The author identifies two variants of apathetic depression: 1) anergic depression, which is characterized by a decrease in emotional response to ongoing events, vitality, indifference; 2) abulic depression, in which mental inertia dominates (patients complain of laziness, "life by inertia").
In parallel with apathoanergic symptoms, depression and anxiety are always present in the clinic. Suicidal tendencies are rare. Feelings of self-pity and indifference to the child prevail. Somatovegetative symptoms are mild.
As with melancholic depression, retardation of motor skills and thinking, monosyllabicity, brevity of answers can be observed. Patients lie in bed for a long time, take little care of themselves, become sloppy. After getting out of a depressive state, they note that it was hard for them mentally, they suffered. Undoubtedly, such a state is not the true emotional emptiness inherent in patients with schizophrenia with an increase in the apatoabulic defect. The reversibility, curability of such depressions indicates that both in terms of structure and prognosis, these are other conditions.

Depersonalization (anesthetic) depression. An extensive literature is devoted to the clinic, analysis and evaluation of this variant of depression. Yu.A. Nuller and colleagues, as well as H.JI. Ilyin raise the question of isolating this syndrome into a special clinical form in the group of affective psychoses.
The condition is characterized by a feeling of one's own change, unrecognizability of the surrounding world, a painful feeling of the absence of emotions of alienation.
There is, as it were, an inversion of depression into suffering from the lack of sensual coloring of the perception of the external and internal world.
Depersonalization should probably be considered primary in such depression. Patients with a neurotic level of depression understand that the world around them remains the same - their perception of the world and themselves is changing, and this causes suffering.
Therefore, it is correct to call such depression depersonalization. Psychomotor retardation in this form of depression, if it is expressed, is insignificant. Depressed mood may be accompanied by anxiety, suicidal thoughts and attempts.
Patients experience a violation of communication with the environment. The world fades, colors, sounds, smells become less bright. Everything seems gray, lifeless, often unreal, seen as if through a transparent partition.
Sometimes patients complain about the "film before their eyes", but they immediately emphasize that they see all the details well. The passage of time slows down, at times there is a feeling that time has stopped.
At the same time, there is a feeling of own change, emotional inferiority, lack of empathy with other people (“The heart is petrified”; “I can’t love as before” - what is called mournful, or painful, insensitivity in literature (anaestesia dolorosa psychica).
The ability not only to love, to empathize is lost - patients experience excruciating anhedonia (inability to enjoy life), indifference to food (food becomes “like grass”), they have no feeling of hunger, sleep, physical pain, sexual satisfaction.
The ratio of the components of such depression is different, and all of its listed components are not always fully represented.
It should be emphasized that the phenomenon of depersonalization in the form of mournful insensitivity is present in an undeveloped form in the structure of almost all forms of postpartum depression, both psychotic and non-psychotic.
First of all, this refers to the feeling that mothers have for newborns. With mild depression, women say that instead of loving the child, they feel only pity or curiosity (“I love with my mind, I understand that he is mine”).

From time to time, every person notices that his brain does not function perfectly enough. This can be expressed in memory problems, slowing down the speed of reactions and impaired thinking. It is worth recognizing that in most cases such violations are temporary and are explained by completely natural causes: fatigue or illness. But in some cases, mental retardation is a pathology, so it is extremely important to determine its causes in time and choose an adequate treatment.

Pathological mental retardation has the medical name "bradypsychia". Do not confuse this phenomenon with apathy or inertia of thinking. These conditions are based on other mental and pathophysiological disorders. Bradypsychia should be considered as a symptom that in most cases develops in old age. However, in some situations, very young people, and even children, may encounter the problem of mental retardation.

Why does mental retardation occur, what are the reasons for this?

Of course, bradypsychia cannot develop on its own; certain reasons necessarily contribute to this. But it is worth recognizing that the pathophysiology of this process is still not clear to scientists. Experts have determined that thinking, behavioral reactions, emotional background and other achievements of our mind are interconnected with the functioning of the limbic system, which is one of the parts of the nervous system. And this section just still has not succumbed to a full decoding. That is why doctors cannot answer the question about the exact causes of bradypsychia, but they give an answer under what ailments it can develop.

One of the common causes of mental retardation is considered to be various vascular pathologies. Acute or chronic disorders in the cerebral circulation, which develop due to the progression of atherosclerosis, hypertension, as well as embolism or thrombosis of blood vessels in the head, cause the destruction of the substance in the brain. Pathological processes violate the integrity of the structures responsible for the speed of thinking.

Also, mental retardation is a natural symptom of Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. A patient with such a pathology does not notice the changes that occur with his body. This disease is manifested by a number of symptoms, including not only mental retardation, but also slow and confused speech, etc.

In some cases, bradypsychia becomes one of the manifestations of epilepsy. Typically, this symptom is observed in patients who are in the later stages of the development of the disease. In this case, patients are also characterized by other signs of a change in thinking. The same situation is typical for patients with schizophrenia.

In some cases, inhibition of thinking becomes one of the manifestations of depressive states and depression. This somatic disease can have many symptoms, which are often disguised as somatic problems - ranging from headaches to problems in the activity of the heart.

Inhibition of thinking is often recorded in patients with hypothyroidism. This pathological condition is an insufficient functioning of the thyroid gland.

Among other things, it is worth mentioning toxic bradypsychias as a separate group. Such pathological conditions are considered to be the result of intoxication of the body with a variety of substances, which can be represented by alcohol, metal salts, drugs, or toxins of microorganisms.

How is mental retardation corrected, what treatment helps?

Therapy of mental retardation itself depends on the causes of the development of such a disorder. In any case, doctors say that the maximum workload of the brain helps to improve its activity. It has been established that nerve cells that have not been used in a lifetime simply die due to uselessness. Accordingly, there is a significant decrease in the reserves of the psyche. It is known that in principle it is possible to learn something new at any age, however, after a person reaches thirty years of age, this task becomes more difficult, since there is a slowdown in the development of new interneuronal connections. Therefore, you need to constantly occupy yourself with something so that the brain does not wean itself from working. An excellent occupation will be the study of new languages, the solution of various problems, as well as the development of different sciences. It is worth noting that physical activity also helps keep the brain in a constantly working condition.

Correction of mental retardation may involve vascular therapy. Doctors prescribe to the patient a variety of medications of this type, which are able to partially restore the activity of the vessels of the brain.

Special compounds that stimulate the functions of brain cells can help spur brain activity. Such medicines can be represented by nootropics and neuroprotectors. Some of them can be used even in early childhood, but the right to select such drugs is best left to a specialist.

If you find that your thinking is becoming sluggish, it is best to seek the advice of a doctor as soon as possible. It may well be that such a condition is the result of serious violations and requires special correction.

Ekaterina, www.site

P.S. The text uses some forms characteristic of oral speech.

Lethargy is a pathological condition that is a symptom of physiological or mental illness. Manifested by such signs as: reduced reaction of a person; stretched speech; slow flow of thoughts and movements. Sometimes the patient may involuntarily ignore the world around him and be in a state of stupor for a long time.

If thinking is disturbed, this symptom is called ideational, and if it manifests itself in speech, then motor.

Inhibited human behavioral reactions, as well as all mental processes occurring in the body, can be triggered by various reasons: diseases of a different nature; ; the action of tranquilizers that cause such a reaction; stressful conditions; and sadness.

In medicine, this condition is referred to as bradypsychia (many mistakenly assume apathy). However, this is a different disease with different mental and pathophysiological bases. Bradypsychia is often diagnosed in older people. But, it also occurs in young people, and there are reasons for this.

Etiology and classification

To date, the causes of the appearance are not fully understood. Violation of behavior, thinking and psychological states can occur with various diseases of the brain. In some patients, this manifests itself with disorders in the nervous system. Therefore, the following diseases are indicated as causes.

Diseases of the blood vessels: acute or chronic pathologies of the blood flow of the brain in atherosclerosis, hypertension, embolism and thrombosis of the vessels of the head. Such diseases affect the parts of the brain responsible for the speed of thinking.

The specialist conducts and prescribes such an examination:

visual examination of the patient;
collecting an anamnesis of the disease (carried out to clarify the received brain injuries, neuroinfections and to find out about the presence of such a pathology in the patient's immediate family);
laboratory blood and urine tests;
detecting the level of pituitary hormones;
cerebral angiography;
psychiatric tests;
electroencephalography;
rheoencephalography;
positron emission tomography;
magnetic resonance imaging of the brain;
lumbar puncture and many other methods.

Diagnosis of changes in speech is carried out by assessing the structure of the organs of voice formation and speech production.

The letter is checked by copying the text, writing a dictation and reading. In addition, the patient's manual motor skills, his sensory abilities and intellectual development are studied.

Before making a diagnosis, a differential diagnosis should be made, the difference between lethargy and stuttering and dysarthria.

Depending on the cause of the appearance of such a condition, the doctor will decide on the method of therapy and hospitalization of the patient.

Treatment

Therapy of this pathology is carried out with the help of conservative treatment and radical measures.

Radical surgery refers to surgery if such a patient has a neoplasm of the brain or nervous system. In the course of treatment, removal is carried out with the subsequent prescription of drugs. After, the patient undergoes rehabilitation.

As a medication, he is prescribed:

painkillers;
sedatives;
antibiotics in the treatment of an infectious disease;
nootropic;
antidepressants;
tranquilizers;
means for restoring glucose levels;
a complex of vitamins and minerals (selected individually).

Psychotherapy is carried out as an adjunct to drug treatment. Modern methods of such therapy will help to establish the true cause of inhibition. The doctor forms a new behavior for the patient during stressful situations, and also corrects the personal assessment.

It is strictly forbidden to engage in self-medication, so as not to aggravate an already difficult situation. Before visiting a psychotherapist, you can apply preventive measures. All drug prescriptions and dosages should be performed only by a qualified specialist. Therefore, you should definitely consult a doctor for medical help.

If the patient will fully comply with all the recommendations and prescriptions of the doctor, provided that the treatment was started in a timely manner and correctly selected, then his full recovery is possible.

If necessary, take medications to lower it. If the phenomenon appeared after taking strong sedatives, then it must be stopped by stopping their intake. In this case, lethargy will pass by itself without a trace and all reactions will be restored.

Forecast and prevention

The prognosis of this condition will be favorable if it was diagnosed in the early stages of development, moreover, if the correction of the condition was started on time.

As a preventive measure, the main thing is to prevent damage to the central nervous system during puberty. The same applies to head injuries, infectious diseases and asthenic syndrome. It is important that the child learns to speak correctly, and for this, role models are needed.

The main thing to remember is that the work of the brain depends on its workload. Unused cells die because they are no longer needed. Because of this, naturally, the "reserves" of the psyche are reduced. During his life he must be loaded with work. For example: learn a new language, master science.

In addition, one should adhere to the “work-rest” regimen, avoid stressful situations and nervous tension, and carry out timely treatment of diseases of a different nature.

35 years .

Education:1975-1982, 1MMI, San-Gig, highest qualification, infectious diseases doctor.

Science degree: doctor of the highest category, candidate of medical sciences.

Lethargy is a symptom of certain diseases, usually of the central nervous system and the brain, or a consequence of a strong psycho-emotional shock. Such a state of a person is characterized by the fact that he has a decrease in the speed of reaction to actions addressed to him or produced by himself, a deterioration in concentration, more stretched, with long pauses in speech. In more complex cases, there may be a complete lack of reaction to surrounding events.

Such a state of a person should not be confused with or a chronic depressive state, since the latter is more of a psychological factor than a physiological one.

The true causes of lethargy can only be established by a qualified doctor. It is strongly not recommended to carry out treatment at your own discretion or ignore such a symptom, as this can lead to serious complications, including irreversible pathological processes.

Etiology

Inhibition of movements and thinking in a person can be observed in such pathological processes:

head injury;
malignant or benign formations in the brain;
diseases that affect the central nervous system;
mental disorders;

In addition, a temporary state of slow reaction, movements and speech can be observed in the following cases:

with alcohol or drug intoxication;
with and constant lack of sleep;
with frequent nervous strain, chronic;
under circumstances that cause a person to feel fear, anxiety and panic;
with a strong emotional shock.

Psychomotor retardation in a child may be due to such etiological factors:

vascular diseases of the brain;
stressful situations;
psychological disorders.

Depending on the underlying factor, this condition in a child may be temporary or chronic. It goes without saying that if such a symptom appears in children, you should immediately consult a doctor, since the cause of the pathology can be dangerous for the health of the baby.

Classification

There are the following types of inhibition according to the clinical picture:

bradypsychia - mental retardation;
mental or ideational retardation;
motor or motor retardation;
emotional retardation.

Establishing the nature of this pathological process lies in the competence of only a qualified doctor.

Symptoms

The nature of the clinical picture, in this case, will depend entirely on the underlying factor.

With damage to the brain and central nervous system, the following clinical picture may be present:

(hypersomnia), lethargy;
, which will increase as the pathological process worsens. In more complex cases, the elimination of pain syndrome is impossible even with painkillers;
memory impairment;
decrease in the quality of cognitive abilities;
the patient cannot concentrate on the performance of habitual actions. It is noteworthy that it is professional skills that are preserved;
sharp mood swings, traits appear in the patient's behavior that were not previously characteristic of him, attacks of aggression are most often observed;
illogical perception of speech or actions addressed to him;
speech becomes slow, the patient may find it difficult to choose words;
and, which is most often observed in the morning;
unstable blood pressure;

In a child, the general clinical picture, with this kind of pathology, can be supplemented by capriciousness, constant crying, or, on the contrary, constant drowsiness and apathy for the usual favorite activities.

It should be noted that the above symptoms are observed after. If there is a suspicion that a person has had a seizure, emergency medical attention should be called and urgently hospitalized. It is on the urgency and coherence of primary medical measures after a stroke that, to a greater extent, depends on whether a person survives or not.

In the event that a mental disorder has become the cause of a delayed reaction in an adult, the following symptoms may be present:

or drowsiness, which is replaced by an apathetic state;
unreasonable attacks of aggression;
a sharp change in mood;
causeless attacks of fear, panic;
suicidal mood, in some cases, and actions in this direction;
a state of chronic depression;
visual or auditory hallucinations;
delirium, illogical judgments;
neglect of personal hygiene, slovenly appearance. At the same time, a person can be firmly convinced that everything is in order with him;
excessive suspicion, feeling that he is being watched;
deterioration or complete loss of memory;
incoherent speech, inability to express one's point of view or specifically answer the simplest questions;
loss in temporal and spatial orientation;
feeling of constant fatigue.

You need to understand that such a human condition can progress rapidly. Even with a temporary improvement in the patient's condition, it cannot be said that the disease has been completely eliminated. In addition, such a state of a person is extremely dangerous both for him and for those around him. Therefore, treatment under the guidance of a specialized doctor and in an appropriate institution is in some cases mandatory.

Diagnostics

First of all, a physical examination of the patient is carried out. In most cases, this should be done with a person close to the patient, since, due to his condition, he is unlikely to be able to correctly answer the doctor's questions.

In this case, you may need to consult such specialists:

If the cause of this condition of a person is either the central nervous system, then an operation is performed to excise it, followed by drug treatment and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation of the patient will also be required after a stroke.
Medical therapy may include the following drugs:
- painkillers;
- sedatives;
- antibiotics if a disease of an infectious nature is established;
- nootropic;
- antidepressants;
- tranquilizers;
- drugs that restore glucose levels;
- vitamin and mineral complex, which is selected individually.
In addition, after completing the main course of treatment, the patient may be recommended to undergo a rehabilitation course in a specialized sanatorium.

Under the condition of the timely and correct start of therapeutic measures, their full implementation, almost complete recovery is possible even after serious illnesses - oncology, stroke, psychiatric ailments.

Prevention

Unfortunately, there are no specific methods of prevention. You should observe the regime of rest and work, protect yourself from nervous experiences and stress, start treatment of all diseases in a timely manner.

The inhibition of the course of mental processes and behavioral reactions of a person can be caused by various reasons: fatigue, illness, exposure to tranquilizers that slow down organic processes, negative emotional states such as stress, depression, sadness, apathy.

Inhibition is a decrease in the reaction rate of an individual, a slowdown in the course of thought processes and the appearance of a drawn out speech with long pauses. In extreme cases, a person may completely stop responding to others and stay in a stupor for a long time. Inhibition may not be complex, but only concern thinking or speech. In the first case, it is called ideational, and in the second - motor.

Inhibition of thinking is scientifically called "bradypsychia". Not apathy and not inertia of thinking. These are completely different conditions, having different pathophysiological and mental foundations. Bradypsychia is a symptom that often appears in old age. In any case, for most people, mental retardation is associated precisely with unhurried and eloquent elders. However, it can also occur at a young age. After all, under each manifestation of ill health, certain reasons are hidden.

Causes of mental retardation

The pathophysiology of the process is extremely complex and not fully understood. Thinking, behavior, emotional background and many other achievements of the human mind are associated with the work of the limbic system - one of the sections of the nervous system. And the limbicus, just the same, cannot be deciphered to the proper extent. Therefore, in everyday practice, one can name only conditions - diseases in which bradypsychia is noted, but not answer the question of why it appears.

Vascular pathologies. Acute, and more often chronic disorders of cerebral circulation resulting from the progression of atherosclerosis, hypertension, embolism and thrombosis of the vessels of the head, are the cause of the destruction of the substance of the brain. In particular, the structures responsible for the speed of thinking also suffer.
Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. Narrower, but no less common pathologies, one of the manifestations of which is slowness of thinking. In addition to this depressing symptom surrounding the patient (patients themselves in the later stages of the development of this type of pathology do not notice any changes in themselves), there are many other, no less unpleasant. For example, thoughts become not only slow, but also viscous, a person becomes clingy, intrusive, speech is slow, often confused.

Epilepsy. In the later stages of the development of the disease, when doctors note the destruction of the personality as a result of the progression of the disease, lethargy takes place, like many other signs of a change in thinking.
Schizophrenia. Just as with epilepsy, bradypsychia is not an early sign of pathology in schizophrenia.
Depressive states and depression. A mental illness characterized by an abundance of symptoms, often masquerading as somatic problems, up to toothache or coronary heart disease. Among them there is also sluggishness of thought.
Hypothyroidism. Insufficiency of the thyroid glands. With this disease, the symptom described is extremely characteristic and appears one of the first to appear.
Toxic bradypsychia. Of course, there is no such group of diseases in the international classification of diseases. But the name still describes as clearly as possible the causes of the symptom - intoxication of the body, whether it be alcohol, metal salts, drugs or toxins of microorganisms.

Of course, with such a large number of diseases, the number of treatments must also be large. Unfortunately, until scientists have finally figured out how the brain works, there are not as many of these species as we would like. The temporary effect of inhibition in speech and thinking occurs when there is a lack of sleep, when the body is already exhausted, or as a result of the use of drugs and alcohol, which inhibit thought and motor processes. That is, the reasons can be divided into blocking activities and reducing the possibilities for its implementation.

Symptoms of lethargy

The image of the patient fits into the classical description of the melancholic: lethargy, slowness, drawn out speech, every word seems to be squeezed out with effort. It seems that thinking takes a lot of strength and energy from this person. He may not have time to respond to what was said, or even sink into a stupor.

In addition to a decrease in the rate of speech and thinking, there is a muffledness of what was said - an extremely quiet and calm voice, which occasionally breaks the silence. In movements and facial expressions, lethargy is noticeable, and posture is most often too relaxed. An individual may have a desire to constantly lean on something or lie down. It is not necessary that all manifestations of inhibition be observed during inhibition. Just one thing is enough to say that a person needs medical help.

Diagnosis of bradilalia

Persons with speech tempo disorders, including those with bradilalia, need a comprehensive medical and psychological and pedagogical examination, which is carried out by a neurologist, speech therapist, psychologist, psychiatrist. When examining a patient with bradilalia, a detailed study of the anamnesis regarding past diseases and brain damage is necessary; the presence of speech tempo disorders in close relatives. In some cases, to clarify the organic basis of bradilalia, instrumental studies are required: EEG, REG, MRI of the brain, PET of the brain, lumbar puncture, etc.

Diagnosis of oral speech in bradilalia includes an assessment of the structure of the organs of articulation and the state of speech motor skills, expressive speech (sound pronunciation, syllabic structure of the word, tempo-rhythmic side of speech, voice features, etc.). Diagnostics of written speech involves the performance of tasks for writing off the text and independent writing under dictation, reading syllables, phrases, texts. Along with a diagnostic examination of speech, with bradylalia, the state of general, manual and facial motor skills, sensory functions, and intellectual development are studied.

When making a speech therapy conclusion, it is important to differentiate bradilalia from dysarthria and stuttering.

Treatment for mental retardation

General preventive measures. The more the brain is loaded, the better it works. Nerve cells unused during life safely die off as unnecessary in the literal sense. Accordingly, the reserve of the psyche also decreases. Learning new things is possible at any age, but after thirty years it is significantly complicated by the slowdown in the development of new interneuronal connections. You can load the brain with anything, as long as it is not familiar to him. Learning a new language, solving mathematical problems, mastering new sciences, studying historical archives and understanding them. But! Solving crosswords, scanwords and the like is like memorizing a large Soviet encyclopedia. Dry information occupies only the cells responsible for memory, but not for thinking. Physical activity also helps keep the brain in a “working” state. With what it is connected, it is difficult to say.

vascular therapy. It is impossible to bring the vessels into a state corresponding to the age of twenty, however, partial recovery is possible, which is what doctors use when prescribing appropriate drugs.

Nootropics and neuroprotectors. A more specific treatment that helps nerve cells recover.

Psychotherapy is carried out only as a secondary adjunct to drug therapy. Modern psychotherapeutic techniques help to identify and eliminate the true cause of the disorder, form a new model of response to stressful situations, and correct personal assessment.

Before visiting a psychotherapist, the patient can only engage in prevention - all drug treatment has a significant number of contraindications, which are taken into account by the specialist, making a choice in favor of one or another remedy. It is imperative to consult a doctor in case of bradypsychia - there is not a single “easy” reason for such a state of mind.

Forecast and prevention of bradilalia

The prognosis for overcoming bradilalia is most favorable with the early start of corrective work and the psychological causes of speech tempo disturbance. But even after the development of normal speech skills, long-term observation by specialists is necessary, constant self-control over the pace of speech.

For the prevention of bradilalia, it is important to prevent perinatal lesions of the central nervous system, head injuries, neuroinfections, and asthenic syndrome. It is necessary to take care of the normal development of the child's speech, to surround him with the right role models.

Features of bradypsychia

Pathological inhibition of thinking is called bradypsychia. This phenomenon has no parallels with apathy or inertia of thinking, but suggests mental and pathophysiological disorders.

Bradypsychia is considered as a kind of neurological symptomatology, which in most cases is formed in people in old age. But sometimes people at a young age, as well as children, also experience inhibition in thought processes.

Poverty and insufficiency of mental processes is a symptom of many psychological or physiological pathological processes, manifested as a decrease in the speed of reaction, slow speech, slowness of thinking and motor activity. In difficult situations, the individual is not able to respond to what is happening and is in an apathetic state or stupor for a long time. The following types of inhibition are distinguished:

complex;
ideation;
motor.

Inhibition can also be speech and mental, having psychological factors. Weak and involuntary movements can cause motor retardation. There are problems with memory, failures. In many cases, such conditions are provoked by a neurological disease, constant fatigue, or psychological pathological processes.

Slowness of movements and emotional retardation is a pathological process, the causes of which can only be detected by specialists. They also recommend appropriate therapy.

Comorbid disorders

Bradypsychia is the result of damage to the central nervous system, which is responsible for brain activity. Depending on the element of the lesion, different types of disorders develop. These include:

bradybasia - slow walking;
bradythymia - slowing down the change of emotions;
bradykinesia - slow pace and limited range of motion;
bradypraxia - slow focus of action;
bradylexia - slow reading;
bradyphasia, bradilalia are a slowdown in speech, at the same time it is almost always correct, it is observed both in adulthood and in childhood (often the occurrence of bradilalia is noted in patients on the mend);
impaired articulation may also develop, with a long conversation, a person develops fatigue.

When bradypsychia is a consequence of Parkinson's disease, it is necessary to focus on the symptoms of the underlying pathological process. It includes a feeling of fatigue, anxiety, sleep disturbance, etc.

Causing factors and diseases

The pathophysiology is very complex and not fully understood. It is only known that thinking, behavior, emotional component and other functions of the human brain are associated with the activity of the limbic system. In everyday practice, only conditions are distinguished - diseases during which bradypsychia and its accompanying deviations are observed:

The short-term effect of lethargy appears after lack of sleep, due to exhaustion of the body, or as a result of the use of drugs and alcohol that depress thinking and movement. The reasons can be divided into those that block the activity of the brain and those that reduce the possibilities for its implementation.

Naturally, with such an abundance of provoking diseases, treatment can also be different.

What does it look like?

The image of the "inhibited" patient falls under the typical characteristics of the melancholic: weakness, slowness, protracted speech, each word is pronounced with effort.

You may get the feeling that the thought process takes a large amount of strength and energy from a person who does not have time to react to information or is completely immersed in a stupor.

In addition to a decrease in the speed of speech and thought processes, a muffledness of the spoken words is observed - a very quiet and calm voice, sometimes breaking the silence. Weakness is visible in movement and facial expressions, posture is often too relaxed.

A person has a desire to find support all the time or lie down.

Not all symptoms are always observed. Just one thing is enough to recommend a person to seek medical help from specialists.

Diagnostic criteria and methods

People with speech tempo disorders, including bradylalia, need complex medical and psychological-pedagogical diagnostics carried out by a specialized specialist. During the examination, the patient's history should be studied in detail, which concerns previous diseases and brain lesions, as well as the presence of failures in the rate of speech in relatives.

In certain situations, in order to find out the organic basis of the disease, it is necessary to conduct instrumental studies, including:

The study of oral speech involves an assessment of the structure of the organs of articulation and the state of motor skills, expressive speech (pronunciation of sounds, syllables, words, tempo-rhythmic side, voice features, etc.). Diagnostics of written speech involves the execution of tasks for writing off the text and writing from dictation, reading. In addition to a diagnostic examination of speech function, they conduct a study of the general condition, manual motor skills, sensory functions, and intelligence.

At the time of diagnosis, it is necessary to differentiate this disease from dysarthria and stuttering.

What does modern medicine offer?

To carry out the proper treatment of the disease, you must first consult with a specialist. He will recommend effective treatment, as well as warn about the presence of contraindications to the use of certain therapies or any drug.

More often than others, the following methods of therapeutic and preventive action are used:

If emotional and mental retardation is caused by tranquilizers, then the abolition of any drugs is required. In most cases, reactions recover over time.

Summing up

The prognosis is relatively favorable with an early onset of correction and the presence of psychological causes of disorders of motor activity and speech motor skills. However, after the restoration of skills, one should be observed by doctors for a long time, constantly independently control their movements and train of thought.

As preventive measures, damage to the central nervous system should be prevented, head injuries should be avoided, and asthenic syndrome should be detected in time.

Pathological inhibition of thinking involves various mental and pathophysiological disorders. This phenomenon should be qualified as a symptomatology, which in most situations is formed in the elderly. But in certain cases, a similar problem can manifest itself in childhood and in young people.

If you find inhibition of thought processes, you should immediately seek advice from doctors. It is likely that such a condition is the result of dangerous malfunctions in the central nervous system and needs special correction.

What is retardation

In serious cases, a person completely stops responding to the surrounding atmosphere and stays in apathy or stupor for a long time. There are several types of inhibition:

complex;
ideator (thinking);
motor (motor).

Inhibition can be speech and mental, that is, it has psychological causes. Sluggish and untimely motor reactions are caused by motor retardation. There may be problems with memorization, memory lapses. In most cases, such conditions are caused either by illness, chronic fatigue, or psychological pathologies.

Motor and emotional retardation is a pathology, the causes of which can only be identified by doctors. They prescribe the right treatment.

Causes and symptoms of mental retardation

Behavior, thinking of a person, his psychological state can be disturbed in pathologies of the nervous system and brain. The following also lead to ideational inhibition:

All these diseases, the symptom of which is mental retardation, must be diagnosed and treated. Temporary inhibition of movements and thinking appears after severe stress, fatigue, with prolonged lack of sleep.

The inhibition of motor and thought processes is characteristically manifested after drinking alcohol, even once. The same symptoms are sometimes caused by psychotropic drugs, as well as strong sedatives. When they are canceled, the inhibition disappears.

Causes and symptoms of motor retardation

Motor, as well as mental retardation, manifests itself as a result of psychological disorders, as well as all kinds of diseases. In the facial expressions and movements of the patient, sometimes or always lethargy is felt. The posture is usually relaxed, often there is a desire to sit down, lie down in bed, lean on something.

Sharp motor retardation appears as a result of a stroke, cardiac pathology, when urgent hospitalization is necessary. People with mental disorders, parkinsonism, epilepsy, chronic depression suffer from constant motor inhibition. Such pathologies also require identification and therapeutic correction.

Confusion in a child

This symptom is also typical for children. It may be chronic in some neurovegetative disorders, such as cerebral palsy, or appear spontaneously at high temperatures, after severe stress or impressions. In children, inhibition is often caused by:

vascular pathologies of the brain;
endocrine pathologies;
meningitis;
psychological disorders;
epilepsy;
encephalitis;
severe stressful situations.

Diagnosis of lethargy

In case of psychological disorders, as well as physiological pathologies due to inhibition of the mental, motor or speech reaction, a thorough diagnosis is necessary, that is, a medical and psychological examination.

Such patients are examined by speech therapists, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists and other specialists. It is necessary to accurately determine whether there are brain disorders, whether a person has had head injuries, or hereditary diseases. To determine the organic nature of the disease appoint:

PET and MRI of the brain;
blood tests.

Diagnostics of written and oral speech is also carried out. Perhaps a person suffers from stuttering, defects in sound pronunciation that lead to speech inhibition. The intellectual development of the patient, the state of sensory functions, general motor skills, the condition of the joints and muscles are also studied.

Treatment for lethargy

Activation of thought processes. To do this, they read new books, master languages, engage in creativity or solve mathematical problems. Such actions train the brain, activate mental activity.
Neuroprotectors and nootropics. Drug treatment aimed at restoring and strengthening nerve cells and tissues.
Vascular Therapy. Drugs help to clean the walls of blood vessels, this is especially important for the brain. As a result, motor activity is activated, and mental retardation gradually recedes.
Psychotherapy. It complements medical treatment. Modern methods of psychotherapy help to cope with the consequences of stressful situations, correct personal assessment, form the right models of response to certain moments.
Sports and fresh air. Moderate physical activity, walking on the street help the brain to rest, and nerve cells to recover due to the additional flow of oxygen.

If the lethargy is temporary, caused by intense heat, then tablets or syrups that reduce the temperature should be taken. The temporary lethargy caused by medications and strong sedatives is stopped by abandoning such drugs. Usually it passes without a trace, the body's reactions are fully restored.

Inhibition of emotions and movements (video)

What is inhibition of emotions and movements. How to correctly identify and treat pathology, we learn the doctor's recommendations from the video.

Prevention of lethargy

Pathology usually disappears without a trace if treatment is started in the early stages, when the underlying disease is detected. After competent psychological assistance, correct medical support, a person's reactions improve, both emotional and physical.

Constant self-control, visits to specialists are also necessary, especially if there were head injuries, there are chronic vascular lesions of the brain or psychological disorders that have gone into remission. With proper treatment of lethargy, the prognosis is favorable. 0 comments