Balkan region. Balkan Peninsula holiday map

Peninsula in Southern Europe. The area is about 505 thousand km2. The greatest extent from west to east is about 1260 km, from north to south 950 km. It is washed with the W. Adriatic and Ionian seas, with the E. Black, Marmara, Bosphorus and Dardanelles, Aegean... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Balkan Peninsula- Balkan Peninsula. Rhodes Island. View of the ancient acropolis. BALKAN PENINSULA, in southern Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Yugoslavia, most of Greece, part of Romania, Slovenia, Turkey, Croatia). Area 505 thousand... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

In South Europe. The name comes from the oronym Balkan Mountains or Balkans, which was used in the past (from Turkic, balkan, a chain of steep mountains); Nowadays the mountains are called Stara Planina, but the name of the peninsula has been preserved. Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary.... ... Geographical encyclopedia

In the south of Europe. 505 thousand km². It juts out into the sea for 950 km. It is washed by the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Ionian, Marmara, Aegean and Black seas. The northern border runs from the Trieste Hall. to the river Sava and further along the Danube to the mouth. The shores are strong... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

In the south of Europe. 505 thousand km2. It juts out into the sea for 950 km. It is washed by the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Ionian, Marmara, Aegean and Black seas. The northern border runs from the Gulf of Trieste to the river. Sava and further along the Danube to the mouth. The shores are strong... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

The southeastern tip of Europe, on which the European possessions of Turkey, the Principality of Bulgaria, the kingdoms of Serbia and Greece and the regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina occupied by Austria under the Berlin Treaty are located. See these articles. MAP OF THE BALKAN... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Balkan Peninsula- Balkan half island... Russian spelling dictionary

Balkan Peninsula- in South Europe. The name comes from the oronym Balkan Mountains or Balkans, which was used in the past (from Turkic, balkan, a chain of steep mountains); Nowadays the mountains are called Stara Planina, but the name of the island has been preserved... Toponymic dictionary

Balkan Theater of Operations World War I ... Wikipedia

Books

• Slavic sword
• Slavic sword, F. Finjgar. The novel by the Slovenian writer Franz Saleška Finjgar refers to that critical moment in the history of the Slavic tribes, when they, having crossed the Danube, poured into the Balkan Peninsula to...

He knows a lot about traveling by train, since traveling around Italy by train is everything to us))) This, by the way, is far from our best and most interesting video! Go to YouTube channel Aviamania and, so to speak, get acquainted with the assortment. And don't forget to subscribe and click on the bell!

Montenegro on the world map: what about the products?

In Montenegro, in many shops and supermarkets you will hardly find goods from local producers. Most of the assortment is imported. There are many Serbian, Croatian and Italian products here. By the way, thanks to low prices compared to most European countries, you can buy quality items inexpensively here.

Aviamania plans to check the assortment and prices on store shelves and tell you what for what and where)

Montenegro on the world map: the smallest and largest country

The people of the country themselves love her selflessly. This is not surprising; even V. Vysotsky in his poem regretted that he only lives once. Many people dream of being born in Montenegro and enjoying its beauty. The Montenegrins themselves joke about the area of ​​the country in a very funny way.

They say that Montenegro has so many mountains and they are so high that if you “smoothed” them, the area of ​​the country would exceed the area of ​​Russia.

A beautiful story, but you understand...

Montenegro on the world map:

The name Montenegro or Black Mountain is completely justified. It is nature that is the calling card of Montenegro and attracts tourists from all over the world. Those who come here leave a piece of their heart in the small hospitable country.

Airmania wants to convey to the maximum through its videos everything that the amazing country of Montenegro will open for us!

See you again on the pages of the site and YouTube channel!

The Balkan region is often called the “powder keg” of Europe. And not by chance. In the 20th century, wars and conflicts of various scales broke out here every now and then. And the First World War began right here, after the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was killed in Sarajevo. In the early 90s, the Balkan countries experienced another serious shock - the collapse of Yugoslavia. This event significantly redrew the political map of the European region.

Balkan region and its geography

All the Balkan countries are located on a relatively small area of ​​505 thousand square kilometers. The geography of the peninsula is very diverse. Its coastline is heavily dissected and washed by the waters of six seas. The territory of the Balkans is predominantly mountainous and heavily indented by deep canyons. However, the highest point of the peninsula - Mount Musala - does not even reach 3000 meters in height.

Two more natural features are characteristic of this region: the presence of a huge number of small islands off the coastline (mainly in Croatia), as well as the widespread occurrence of karst processes (it is in Slovenia that the famous Karst plateau is located, which served as the donor of the name for a separate group of landforms).

The name of the peninsula comes from the Turkish word balkan, which means “large and wooded mountain range.” The northern border of the Balkans is usually drawn along the line and Sava.

Balkan countries: list

Today, there are ten state entities in the Balkans (of which 9 are sovereign states and one is partially recognized). Below is a list of them, including the capitals of the Balkan countries:

1. Slovenia (capital - Ljubljana).
2. Greece (Athens).
3. Romania (Bucharest).
4. Macedonia (Skopje).
5. Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo).
6. Serbia (Belgrade).
7. Montenegro (Podgorica).
8. Croatia (Zagreb).
9. Republic of Kosovo (a partially recognized state with its capital in Pristina).

It should be noted that in some regional classifications Moldova is also classified as a Balkan country.

In the second half of the 19th century, all the Balkan peoples were under the yoke of Turkey, as well as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which could not contribute to their national and cultural development. In the 60-70s of the century before last, national liberation aspirations intensified in the Balkans. The Balkan countries, one after another, are trying to take the path of independent development.

The first of them was Bulgaria. In 1876, an uprising began here, which, however, was brutally suppressed by the Turks. Outraged by such bloody actions, which resulted in the death of about 30 thousand Orthodox Bulgarians, Russia declared war on the Turks. Ultimately, Türkiye was forced to recognize Bulgaria's independence.

In 1912, following the example of the Bulgarians, Albania also achieved independence. At the same time, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece created the so-called “Balkan Union” in order to finally free themselves from Turkish oppression. Soon the Turks were driven out of the peninsula. Only a small piece of land with the city of Constantinople remained under their rule.

However, after the victory over their common enemy, the Balkan countries begin to fight among themselves. Thus, Bulgaria, with the support of Austria-Hungary, attacks Serbia and Greece. The latter, in turn, received military support from Romania.

The Balkans finally turned into a big “powder keg” on June 28, 1914, when the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Prince Ferdinand, was assassinated in Sarajevo by the Serbian Princip. Thus began the First World War, which involved almost all of Europe, as well as some countries in Asia, Africa and even Central America.

Collapse of Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia was created back in 1918, immediately after the liquidation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The process of its collapse, which began in 1991, significantly redrew the then existing political map of Europe.

Slovenia was the first to leave Yugoslavia as a result of the so-called 10-day war. Croatia followed, but the military conflict between Croats and Serbs lasted 4.5 years and claimed at least 20 thousand lives. At the same time, the process continued and resulted in the recognition of the new state formation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

One of the last stages of the collapse of Yugoslavia was the referendum on the independence of Montenegro, which took place in 2006. According to its results, 55.5% of Montenegrins voted for secession from Serbia.

Kosovo's shaky independence

On February 17, 2008, it unilaterally declared its independence. The international community's reaction to this event was extremely mixed. Today, Kosovo, as an independent state, is recognized by only 108 countries (out of 193 UN members). Among them are the USA and Canada, Japan, Australia, most and some countries in Africa and Latin America.

However, the independence of the republic has not yet been recognized by Russia and China (which are part of it, which does not allow Kosovo to become a full member of the main international organization on the planet.

Finally...

Modern Balkan countries began their path to independence at the end of the 19th century. However, the process of border formation in the Balkans has not yet been completed.

Today, there are ten countries within the Balkan region. These are Slovenia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, as well as the partially recognized state of Kosovo.

The Balkan Peninsula (Balkans, in German Balkanhalbinsel) is actually “between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea”, the distance from end to end of the Balkan Peninsula is about 1400 kilometers. A wonderful map of the Balkan Peninsula, relief and states, is on Wikipedia.

See what the “Balkan Peninsula” is in other dictionaries:

In the mountainous expanses of the Balkan Peninsula, everything, of course, is European... In the general cultural sense, the Balkans are all of the above without taking into account Turkey and Italy: the first is usually attributed to Asia, the second to Southern Europe. From a tourist point of view, the Balkans are an ideally balanced region in terms of types of recreation.

The name comes from the oronym Balkan Mountains or Balkans, which was used in the past (from Turkic, balkan, a chain of steep mountains); Nowadays the mountains are called Stara Planina, but the name of the peninsula has been preserved. 505 thousand km2. It juts out into the sea for 950 km. It is washed by the Mediterranean, Adriatic, Ionian, Marmara, Aegean and Black seas. See these articles. Ivan Asen II, Jesse Russell. Slavic sword, F. Finjgar.

The Balkans as a space of problematic supranational identity

There are no geographical grounds for the isolation of the Balkan Peninsula; The Balkans are an exclusively geopolitical category. During the years of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the Balkan Peninsula was not yet clearly isolated as a geopolitical space in the geopolitical consciousness. Until the Ottoman conquest, South-Eastern Europe was not a “civilizational periphery”: the foundations of European culture were laid here, in the Balkans. This, in fact, is the area where a typical Balkan cultural landscape and a Balkan city are concentrated. All three historical regions that make up present-day Croatia - Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia - have strong ties to the civilizational traditions of Central and Western Europe. The definition of the Danube as the northern border of the Balkan Peninsula was supported by the majority of scientists. The modern Turkish state occupies only 3.2% of the territory of the Balkan Peninsula. 4.The geographical location of the ethnic or state territory of a people on the Balkan Peninsula does not automatically mean belonging to the Balkan cultural identity.

The Balkan Peninsula narrows to the south and is divided into rugged capes and chains of islands. Cities such as Athens are full of reminders of the ancient Greek civilization, which significantly influenced the development of the entire world. Every year tourists come here from all over the world.

5. The policy of Western states in the Balkans during the Eastern crisis. 5. Bismarck’s attitude to the national liberation struggle of the Slavic peoples. The purpose of the lesson is to analyze the causes and consequences of the Balkan wars of 1912-1913. The main sources are the texts of diplomatic documents. Be able to show on a map territorial changes in the Balkans (changes in the borders of Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia). It is necessary to have a good understanding of the course of the Second Balkan War and the changes in borders after the defeat of Bulgaria, which subsequently predetermined its pro-German orientation.

In terms of ethnic composition, the Balkans are among the most diverse places on the continent. In addition to ethnicity and language, the Balkan region is also quite diverse in terms of religion. In the past, the Balkans was a land of numerous conflicts that stemmed from the great internal differences on the peninsula.

Unlike other Mediterranean countries, the Balkan country is less separated to the north from the European mainland. The border between the Balkan and Alpine countries is drawn according to the average January isotherm of +4 ... +5 0 C. At this temperature, evergreen plants are preserved. According to genetic and geomorphological characteristics, the mountains of the Balkan region are united into two systems: Dinaric west and Thracian-Macedonian east. The peculiarities of the geographical location and topography of the region determine the formation of three continental types of climate here: Mediterranean, sub-Mediterranean and temperate. The Mediterranean climate itself is characteristic only of a relatively narrow strip of the western and southern coasts of the Balkan Peninsula.

The Balkan Peninsula is still one of the poorest and most economically backward parts of Europe. Integration processes are currently taking place in the Balkans.

The northern border of the peninsula is considered to be a conventional line drawn along the Danube, Sava and Kupa rivers, and from the source of the latter to the Kvarner Strait. Geographical location, culture, science, Islam, politics, earthly aspirations and ambitions tear the Balkans between East and West. Faith - and only the Orthodox faith - lifts this peninsula above the East and West.

It seemed that the Balkan Peninsula was returning to normal life. Tamerlane's power frightened the Ottoman Empire. Already at the beginning of the twentieth century. The countries of the Balkan Peninsula decided to completely get rid of the influence of the Turks. In the 90s of the last century, Yugoslavia broke up into a number of states that exist to this day (one of them, Kosovo, is partially recognized).

Geography of the area

The Balkan Peninsula has exceptionally varied terrain, although most of its area is occupied by mountains. Therefore, the Balkan Peninsula is one of the most seismic zones in Europe, together with the island of Iceland. The coasts of Croatia and Greece are especially dissected. The southernmost part of the Balkans is occupied by the Peloponnese peninsulas.

The Dalmatian coast, which covers the western parts of the peninsula, is considered the most picturesque and green part of the Mediterranean. Greece however is considered a tourist paradise with its exceptionally beautiful white sandy beaches and crystal clear bays. The Black Sea coast is completely different.

Greece - located on the peninsula and nearby islands;. Romania - located in the east, completely located on a peninsula.

On the outskirts are the Lower Danube and Middle Danube plains. The southern territories are mostly occupied by Greece. Most of the plain is located in the Maritsa River basin. The northern and northwestern territories border with Montenegro and Serbia, the eastern ones with Macedonia, and the southern and southeastern ones with Greece. The territory also contains several large lakes, which stretch along the border areas with Greece, Macedonia, and Yugoslavia.

Relief. The surface is predominantly mountainous. To the west of the massif along the coast of the Adriatic Sea stretches the Dinaric fold-cover system (Dinarides), which continues in Albania and Greece with the arched Hellinide system. The southern part of the peninsula is dominated by subtropical brown, mountainous brown typical and carbonate soils; On the Adriatic coast, red terra rossa soils are common.

The areas of karst development in the Dinaric Highlands are in places almost devoid of vegetation cover.

Or rather in the southeastern part of it. It is washed on three sides (east, south and west) by the Mediterranean Sea. Accordingly, the seas in the east are the Aegean and Black, in the west the Adriatic. The coastline of this territory is very unclear, the adjacent islands are widely scattered. In principle, the picture clearly shows which states are included in the Balkan Peninsula (all those that are not marked in light green). I will only note that it also includes a partially recognized state - Kosovo, which is located on the territory of Serbia.

Lower Danube lowland. Postojnska, east of Trieste. Sophia Basin. Along with this, there are areas that were originally treeless.

Important transport routes connecting Western Europe with South-West Asia (Asia Minor and the Middle East) pass through the territory of the Balkan Peninsula.

List of Balkan countries. Tourism: capitals, cities and resorts. Maps of foreign countries in the Balkans region.

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The southeast of Europe, washed by the waters of the Mediterranean and Black Seas, the Balkans is a kind of corner for soulful neighborly gatherings in a friendly way. In the mountainous expanses of the Balkan Peninsula, everything, of course, is European... but still completely native: taverns, potatoes and sweet peppers, Orthodox churches, cross-stitch on linen napkins, related languages ​​and friendship strengthened in Soviet times and still not weakening. Balkan nepotism is special: a brotherhood of Slavic peoples bound by a socialist past, united in the face of an external formidable “enemy” in the surroundings of their native landscapes - the same valleys and picturesque mountains, birch trees bending in the wind and fat herds wandering through the meadows with the indispensable shepherd, equipped with a pipe and rubbish and bast shoes. So there is nothing surprising in the fact that we are drawn to the Balkans again and again - both abroad, it seems, and our native expanses at the same time, plus a real kinship of souls.

Let's look at the hard facts for a second. In a geographical sense, the Balkan Peninsula consists entirely of Bulgaria, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece, Montenegro and Macedonia, as well as most of Serbia, half of Croatia, a third of Slovenia and just a little bit of Romania, Turkey and even Italy (province of Trieste). In a general cultural sense, the Balkans are all of the above without taking into account Turkey and Italy: the first is usually attributed to Asia, the second to Southern Europe. As for the coasts and the various waves washing them, the Balkans can boast of truly biblical diversity: only a convinced skeptic would say that there are only two seas here. In fact, not only the Mediterranean and Black Seas were noted here, but also the Adriatic, Ionian, Marmara and Aegean - six in total! - choose to suit any water transparency, sand graininess and pebble hardness.

Balkan happiness

From a tourist point of view, the Balkans are an ideally balanced region in terms of types of recreation. Here, perhaps, there is nothing with the prefix “super”, but what is available is quite enough to satisfy vacationers with a wide variety of needs. In short, a holiday in the Balkans means quite nice beaches surrounded by almost native nature (sand or pebbles plus coniferous forests, deciduous groves and low mountains on the horizon), ample opportunities for treatment at thermal springs, not an outstanding, but quite interesting “excursion” ( what are the macabre castles alone worth!) - and all this at divine prices, often without a language barrier, with Slavic hospitality and all sorts of “avec plaisirs”. In addition, the Balkan countries are a real center of recreational childhood: there are a lot of children’s and youth camps and a whole bunch of schools teaching foreign languages. So if you are wondering where to take an anxious grandmother with a restless grandson for the mutual benefit of both, do not hesitate: you won’t find a better place in Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia and Montenegro!