Reasons for frequent vomiting in a child. Doctor Komarovsky: what to do if a child is vomiting

Vomiting in itself is not a disease, but a symptom of sometimes very serious diseases or unwanted processes in the body. And if vomiting occurs in children, then parents should be especially vigilant. The causes of nausea can be determined by the consistency of the vomit and additional symptoms. Based on the diagnosis, there are different treatment tactics.

Infancy is associated with great fear among parents for the health of their child. The child does not speak, it is difficult to determine the cause of crying or anxiety. And vomiting in a baby often plunges parents into shock. Occurs as a reaction to an irritating factor or a sign of illness.

Don't mistake regurgitation for vomiting. Regurgitation often occurs in infants when the baby overeats. It does not affect your well-being or health in any way. Excess food is simply removed from the body. Not necessarily under pressure, milk can simply ooze from the corner of the mouth.

Sometimes a baby spits up because he swallowed a lot of air during feeding. The reason may lie in the wrong bite. Often occurs in first-time mothers with a flat or insufficiently defined nipple. It is difficult for the baby to latch onto the breast and he often smacks his lips. When air rises through the esophagus, the baby may burp, sometimes quite profusely.

Doctors even advise not to immediately put the baby down after feeding, but to hold him upright so that the air comes out and does not disturb the baby when he lies down.

• do not overfeed the child, although it is difficult to dose the infant’s feeding, but when artificial feeding or complementary feeding, you should adhere to the norm, even if the baby agrees to supplementation;
• there is no need to actively rock the baby immediately after feeding;
• It is better to bathe before feeding or after some time;
• if the child burps, give him a rest, lie quietly for about half an hour.

Vomiting may accompany the first feeding. If the trouble is one-time, then there is no need to panic. When vomiting accompanies every feeding, a doctor's consultation is required.

Important! For the first complementary foods, it is better to use food from one or two ingredients. To be sure to identify difficult-to-tolerate foods.

You should not change your formula without good reason. Frequent and/or sudden changes in formula can lead to vomiting in children under 1 year of age. It would be wise to consult a doctor about choosing the right mixture and gradually switching to another, if necessary.

Important! Artificial feeding is expensive for parents, but it is better to spend a round sum on healthy nutrition for the baby than on the treatment of various disorders.

Indigestion often frightens parents with sudden vomiting. At times it is accompanied by loose stools with pronounced food particles if the baby is already eating something other than breast milk or formula. It is recommended to review the child’s diet, perhaps taking a course of enzymes. Often indigestion occurs due to poor nutrition of the mother. The predominance of fatty, salty, spicy, sweet foods in the diet of a nursing mother has a detrimental effect on the baby’s fragile digestive system.

The eruption of baby teeth provokes infrequent and light vomiting. The baby swallows a lot of air when feeding due to pain in the gums. To alleviate the condition and prevent vomiting, use special gels and teethers. You can massage your gums.

A sharp change in climate often leads to both vomiting and diarrhea in children. Parents should be prepared for anything if they are going on vacation abroad with their baby.

Dysbacteriosis is another most common problem in young children. An unbalanced intestinal microflora, namely the predominance of pathogenic bacteria and fungi over beneficial ones, leads to disruption of food digestion and intestinal function in general. The patient is bothered by vomiting and the following symptoms:

• bloating, flatulence, round and hard tummy;
• constipation;
• poor sleep and anxiety;
• the skin peels off over large areas of the face and body, a rash appears in the form of individual pimples or plaques;
• dark plaque on teeth;
• eats poorly;
• coating on the tongue.

Important! Characteristic symptoms of dysbiosis: bad breath, diarrhea from yellow-greenish to dark marsh color with granular components.

Dysbacteriosis is most often provoked by intestinal viruses, food allergies or antibiotics. Depending on the root cause, treatment is determined and must be selected by a doctor. The symptoms are very similar to some gastrointestinal diseases, so the patient is referred for appropriate tests.

Vomiting in children after five years of age

Situations that do not require medical intervention include the following:

• feeding against will;
• emotional overload.

At this age, parents often have to convince their children to eat. It is especially difficult to teach healthy food. Many resort to persuasion and outright feeding against the will of the child. Often, pushing down “essentially healthy” food causes a gag reflex. The shock suffered remains in the child’s memory forever; the child experiences an aversion to such products, even in adulthood.

Vomiting due to nervousness is most often observed in females, in a ratio of 1:5. An unexpected spilling of contents out can happen at any moment associated with nervous tension. The cause is fear, anxiety before an exam or other event, emotional experiences due to family problems, quarrels, pressure on the child from parents. Usually, at an older age, children learn to control their emotions, which allows them to prevent vomiting or at least make it to the toilet.

At an early age, parents should protect their child from experiences that can cause drastic changes in their life, a change in environment that occurs when they begin visiting child care institutions.

You can periodically take valerian tablets. You should take the course before an expected stressful period in your baby’s life. For example, before school. You also need to support and help learn to control the situation and tame your emotions as quickly as possible. If your own strength is not enough, you can contact a neurologist.

Intolerance to certain foods, most often cow's milk and dairy products, is accompanied by urge without fever and diarrhea. Does not require special treatment. It is necessary to identify foods that the body is not able to digest and exclude from the diet.

Sometimes children try to induce vomiting on their own by attracting attention to themselves or showing their aversion to food. In such a situation, a psychologist and adult observation will help.

Dangerous vomiting. When you need qualified help

If you feel sick once or twice a day, your stool is a little thinner than usual or normal, and your baby sleeps peacefully, plays and eats, then there is no need to call an ambulance.

You definitely need a doctor when vomiting is accompanied by the following phenomena:

• I have a stomachache;
• fainting/unconsciousness;
• fever and lethargy;
• the vomit contains blood and may have a scarlet or brownish tint;
• if the child suffered a head injury or fell the day before;
• prolonged constipation/diarrhea;
• urges occur 2 or more times per hour.

Important! Sometimes blood gets into the vomit of infants from cracks in the mother’s nipples.

Food poisoning of questionable quality or food poisoning

The body is poisoned by toxins that are formed as a result of the breakdown of a significant amount of a certain type of bacteria under the influence of an acidic environment. An unacceptable concentration of harmful microorganisms is possible if the production technology, sanitary standards of production or storage are violated, after the expiration date.

Nausea usually appears within 2-5 hours after eating such food. Vomiting in this case has a number of features:

• strong heartbeat;
• cold hands and feet;
• before each attack of vomiting, the baby turns pale, cold sweat may appear;
• Abdominal spasms and vomiting are observed;
• Fever and diarrhea may occur.

Important! A clear sign of poisoning will be mucus or foam in the expelled masses and feces.

Severe poisoning is accompanied by a state of shock, loss of consciousness, malfunction of organs, and severe dehydration.

Intestinal infection is a common food companion in kindergartens, school canteens and other catering places. You can also become infected from a sick person or animal.

The first sign of infection is a change in the baby's behavior. Drowsiness and lethargy appear, or vice versa, the baby sleeps poorly and is constantly capricious. It happens that rotavirus does not manifest itself at all in the first stages, and then nausea appears. Remnants of undigested food and mucus can be found in the ejected stomach contents. Children complain of abdominal pain, infants tighten their legs or twist them.

Important! The baby has a hard, swollen belly, you can hear rumbling, and frequent loose stools with mucus and sometimes blood appear.

Occurs at temperatures from 37.2 to 40°C. In mild form it does not rise or fall.

A child can become infected due to dirty hands or toys. Toys should be washed in warm, soapy water as often as possible.

You can catch enteroviruses, rotoviruses, salmonella and other pathogenic E. coli in public transport and other places with large crowds of people. The main preventive measure is personal hygiene and food hygiene. You need to wash your hands more often. It is better to rinse vegetables and fruits that are bought at the market and consumed without heat treatment with boiling water before preparing the salad.

Diseases not related to the gastrointestinal tract can cause vomiting. Nausea can occur with pneumonia, bronchitis, severe runny nose, and otitis media. High intoxication, fever, and the use of antipyretics can provoke vomiting. Usually there is no diarrhea, but in children under one year of age it can occur.

Important! Characterized by infrequent vomiting, 1-2 times. Usually at a high temperature or in the first days of an exacerbation of the disease: severe sore throat, choking cough, acute ear pain. The stool is not watery, but slightly thinner than normal, there is no blood or foam.

Intestinal intussusception is the formation of folds and weaves of the intestine, which impedes or completely blocks the lumen. Feces and gases accumulate, the abdomen becomes hard and increases in size.

Important! At first, there is no general deterioration in the condition. The child complains of cramping pain, and after the attack passes he feels well again.

As the situation worsens, the frequency of attacks increases, the pain is pronounced, and the patient does not even allow himself to be touched. Then vomiting appears and a characteristic sign of such a disease is stool in the form of mucus streaked with blood.

It is more often observed in infants at 5-12 months of life. A child at this age is characterized by uneven development and growth, which explains the spread of pathology among children under one year of age. The introduction of complementary foods may also be a reason. Improper feeding and excess fiber lead to impaired peristalsis and, as a result, intussusception.

No matter how the picture of the disease develops, the baby should be shown to the surgeon. Most often, the area is straightened surgically, but in the early stages a more flexible method is possible. The intestines are straightened by introducing a large amount of air.

The acetone crisis has not been uncommon among young children in the last couple of decades. The reasons for the deterioration of the condition are the accumulation of ketone bodies in the baby’s blood. In simple terms, substances that the body could not digest enter the bloodstream, and intoxication begins.

Most often this happens if the child has undergone treatment with antibiotics, antipyretics, or due to poor nutrition. When a baby eats fried, smoked, spicy and other heavy foods or unlimited consumption of sweets with a high content of dyes, preservatives, and flavoring additives is allowed, a crisis may occur. It is synthetic additives that are difficult for the immature gastrointestinal tract to digest. It is necessary to limit the child’s access to snacks (crackers, chips, etc.); up to 3 years of age, do not give sweets that are sold in stores and supermarkets. It is better to replace them with dried fruits, fresh vegetables and fruits, special children's or biscuits.

Excitement can also provoke a crisis. If a child is very emotional, loved ones must create an optimal psychological climate. Before exciting events, it is better to take a course of valerian tincture. Valerian tincture does not help after the first dose, but shows its effect during the accumulation of a certain amount in the body. Therefore, if a child is going to kindergarten for the first time, does not want to leave his mother and is capricious, then it is better to start taking the tincture 2-3 weeks before the next trip to preschool.

Important! Diabetes mellitus is also one of the provoking factors of the acetone crisis.

If a child is prone to increased acetone, the pediatrician should select the treatment of any ailment taking into account this feature.

Important! The main symptom, in addition to vomiting, is the characteristic smell of acetone from the mouth. Urine or feces may have the same odor.

Vomiting is usually preceded by lethargy and apathy of the baby. The patient may complain of pain in the navel area, the skin takes on a pale, unhealthy appearance, raspberry-bluish circles appear under the eyes, and the lips become brightly colored. The doctor, by palpation, that is, feeling the abdomen, notices an enlargement of the liver.

Vomiting begins suddenly and repeats after every attempt to give water or food to the baby. Between attacks, the patient can play as if everything is normal. The vomit initially contains food fragments, then only bile, and attacks become more frequent over time.

Parents of children prone to this should have test strips in their home medicine cabinet to determine the concentration of the substance in the blood. 4 degrees are noted, indicated on the packaging of the test strips. “+” and “++” - vomiting is not frequent. You can deal with it yourself. The first day the child is hungry. It is soldered by the spoonful with Regidron and Borjomi without gas. The next day, you can give your child a dried cracker made in the oven from regular white bread. If vomiting does not recur, the baby is offered a tablespoon of oatmeal or rice porridge, later rice soup without frying, lean buckwheat porridge, baked apples, dried fruit compote, chamomile tea. You can drink Regidron for another 2-3 days or until the acetone completely disappears. Drinking plenty of fluids helps eliminate ketone bodies.

Important! When treating at home, the acetone level should be constantly monitored. If the number of pluses does not decrease, but increases, the parents encountered the disease for the first time, they should go to the hospital.

Three or four pluses cannot be treated at home. The patient is given a drip to relieve intoxication. Sometimes once is enough; in more severe cases, drops are applied for 2-3 days in a row. As soon as the concentration drops to two pluses, the dropper is canceled. A strict diet with the gradual introduction of boiled meat and porridge in water lasts for several weeks. At the first stage, the disease may occur without fever, but along with the loss of a large amount of fluid, the mercury column of the thermometer will jump.

In addition to the above reasons, vomiting can be caused by the following pathologies:

• gastritis;
• appendicitis;
• peritonitis;
• stomach ulcer;
• brain diseases;
• shake;
• foreign body, happens in children from one year old, when the baby puts everything in his mouth;
• abnormal structure of the gastrointestinal tract: pyloric stenosis, pyloric spasm;
• helminthic infestation.

Important! The article contains reference information only. The doctor must decide how to treat a sick child.

What to do to stop vomiting

The initial action of parents when their baby is vomiting should be to call a doctor. You should especially not hesitate if there are traces of blood in the vomit.

Important! It is prohibited for children to take any medications before being examined by a doctor. In addition to special solutions for gastric lavage and decongestion.

What parents should do before the ambulance arrives:

• do not panic and create a calm, comfortable environment around the child;
• ventilate the room;
• put the baby in bed on its side so that when the next urge to vomit occurs, liquid does not enter the respiratory tract (this is especially important at night); the baby can be held in a semi-vertical or vertical position;
• keep a small container near your bed;
• The child should be allowed to rinse his mouth and wash himself after each attack;
• there is no need to try to feed the patient.

Important! Frequent bouts of vomiting dehydrate the body. It is necessary to ensure that losses are replenished with small portions of fluid.

In order for the liquid to be retained, you need to let the child drink a little at short intervals, preferably every 5 minutes. Regidron and similar drugs help well. It is suitable for both infants and older children. Children under one year old can be given water from a pipette, and older children can be given water from a teaspoon. Alkaline mineral water is also suitable.

In case of poisoning with medications, household chemicals or food, the child’s stomach should be rinsed before the ambulance arrives. A weak saline solution heated to 37-38 degrees or Regidron is suitable. The volume of liquid must be at least 700 ml. The child is given a large amount of liquid to drink and is waited for to vomit. The procedure is repeated until during the next attack only the solution comes out, without food or other substances, or until the ambulance arrives.

Important! Do not rinse the stomach and/or induce vomiting in case of poisoning with gasoline, alkali or acid.

Substances not intended for human consumption can cause burns. You need to give the child 1-2 glasses of warm water and wait for the ambulance to arrive.

You should not rinse the stomach of an unconscious or semi-fainting child, as well as infants under one year old.

You should not give painkillers until the doctor arrives. The nature of the pain is an important symptom by which the doctor will make a preliminary diagnosis.

When vomiting blood, some online sources advise placing a cold heating pad (ice pack) on the stomach or allowing the child to swallow a small piece of ice. Low temperatures cause blood vessels to constrict, which can stop bleeding. Other resources do not recommend doing any warming or cooling manipulations, since this not only blurs the clinical picture, but can cause harm. The clinical picture is a set of symptoms by which the doctor can judge the causes of vomiting.

Although even on our website you will find many useful recommendations on how to identify appendicitis and get rid of colitis, you should not experiment if you are not sure of the reasons. In a difficult situation, you should have the phone number of your pediatrician or ask for advice when calling an ambulance.

How to treat vomiting

Cerucal stops vomiting well. The instructions indicate that the drug is suitable for treating children over 3 years of age. But doctors allow its use at an earlier age. The doctor calculates the dose and constantly monitors the patient, since the medicine has a number of side effects that are especially dangerous for the youngest patients.

Important! Cerucal is prescribed in severe cases, when harm from dehydration can cause much greater damage to the health and life of the baby.

The drug is effective against rotaviruses and intestinal infections, stops vomiting, starts intestinal motility, and helps with constipation. The components of the drug block impulses that enter the vomiting center of the brain, and also stimulate the contraction of the smooth muscles of the stomach. Thus, they promote the rapid passage of food into the intestines, and not back.

Does not apply:

• with intestinal obstruction;
• peritonitis;
• brain tumors;
• vomiting blood;
• epilepsy.

For pain and diarrhea, you can give your baby Smecta.

Anton palaznikov

Gastroenterologist, therapist

Work experience more than 7 years.

Professional skills: diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system.

Vomiting is not a separate disease, but its unexpected attack can greatly frighten not only the child, but also his parents. The question immediately arises of how to stop vomiting in a child and whether this should be done.

Vomiting is a common unpleasant phenomenon in children, in which there is an uncontrolled release of stomach contents through the nose and mouth, accompanied by a characteristic sound.

This happens due to physical contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm. Nausea often develops first; it is not accompanied by pain, but is very uncomfortable. Along with the contents of the stomach, liquid comes out in large volumes, so there is a risk of dehydration.

Only with the correct reaction of parents and the help of doctors can complications of this condition be avoided.

This disorder occurs as a response of the body to harmful toxins and substances ingested. It develops when:

• poisoning;
• infectious lesion;
• inflammation in the appendix;
• disruption of metabolic processes in the body;
• pathologies of the nervous system;
• overeating;
• consumption of large quantities of spicy, fatty foods;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• inhalation of toxins;
• swallowing objects.

In infants, the gag reflex develops as a result of swallowing air while eating or putting fingers in the mouth.

Types of pathological condition

Before you start stopping vomiting, you should determine its type:

1. Functional - the safest. It is the body's reaction to food that is not suitable. If a child is vomiting without fever, this condition can be treated at home, subject to medical recommendations.
2. Cardiac – develops against the background of heart failure, the skin turns pale, and appetite worsens. To stop this condition, only qualified medical assistance is required.
3. Abdominal – develops due to inflammation in the abdominal cavity.
4. Cerebral - develops in diseases of the brain, while the reflex is voluntary and most often appears in the morning.
5. Psychogenic – develops due to a sharp change in the emotional background. This usually happens after eating; weakening, paleness of the skin and increased heart rate appear.

The main causes of vomiting

It is imperative to find out the causes of vomiting, and only then decide what to do. Some pathologies require strict dietary control. Without this, the condition will worsen and recovery will not occur for a long time.

In children, the body is more susceptible to negative influences from the outside and may react sharply to the inclusion of new foods in the diet.

The main reasons include:

1. 1. Acute food poisoning due to ingestion of spoiled or low-quality food. Failure to maintain personal hygiene can also cause acute poisoning.
   2. Poisoning by acids and alkalis, chemicals, medications or poisons. Children try to taste everything, so they put into their mouths whatever they can get their hands on. Such intoxication is very dangerous and can cause internal bleeding, cardiac arrest and a fundamental disruption in the functioning of internal organs.
   3. Indigestion, when the organ tries to push out food that irritates it. This happens when you overeat or include new unusual foods in your diet, as well as fatty or smoked foods.
   4. Intestinal infection - manifested by copious discharge of vomit accompanied by watery diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain.
   5. Congenital intolerance to certain foods. This happens when you react to lactose or gluten. But this condition is diagnosed already in infancy, which means that parents clearly know what food to choose for their baby.
   6. Acetonemic syndrome is a condition that develops with severe weakness of the body, with poisoning or intoxication. It is manifested by the simultaneous development of vomiting and diarrhea in the child - not everyone understands what to do in such a situation. At the same time, the mouth and urine smell of acetone. This condition is most often observed in children under 6 years of age, after which they outgrow it. But until it outgrows, it is necessary to treat the syndrome even with minimal manifestations.

1. Inflammation in the digestive system– cholecystitis, gastritis, duodenitis, pancreatitis. Until about 15 years ago, medicine believed that the disease could develop in children only after 10 years. But in the modern world, due to the decline in food quality and poor environment, chronic forms of gastritis, for example, can be found in a two-year-old child.
2. Peptic ulcer disease - with its development, the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum is injured, ulcers and erosions form on their surface. Sometimes the pathology manifests itself as early as 3 years of age or even earlier due to the negative impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on the body.
3. Pathologies of the central nervous system - meningitis, cerebral edema, encephalitis, increased intracranial pressure. The vomiting process during the development of the listed diseases is accompanied by characteristic neurological signs, for example, headaches and dizziness, impaired consciousness, and convulsions.
4. Rotavirus is a common disease in children and is accompanied by vomiting and fever.. The degree of increase depends on the severity of the disease. Parents should clearly understand how to stop a child from vomiting due to rotavirus and quickly alleviate the child’s condition.
5. Pyloric stenosis is a congenital disease when the sphincter of the stomach narrows, preventing a large volume of food from passing into the duodenum. The disease is mainly detected in infants up to one month old. It is characterized by profuse belching after each meal, when in the vomit you can see coagulated milk that has not been digested since the last meal.
6. Sunstroke. Children do not fully develop proper thermoregulation, so the risk of heat stroke increases compared to adults.
7. Acute forms of surgical pathologies – intestinal obstruction, appendicitis.
8. With influenza or ARVI, too high a temperature provokes vomiting in children under 5 years of age. Also, pathologies are often accompanied by a strong cough to the point of vomiting in the child - many parents do not know what to do in such a situation.
9. Gastrointestinal bleeding can also develop in children. The vomit in this state is dark, and the whole process is accompanied by diarrhea.

What kind of vomiting happens?

The condition may indicate various pathological processes in the body; this will determine how to stop vomiting in a child. It happens:

• Mixed with mucus - normal for infants, this is a common sign of overeating, and mucus comes from the bronchi and nasal cavity. At an older age, this should not happen and the causes of mucus inclusions can be serious poisoning, pathologies of the central nervous system, inflammation of the gastric mucosa, or damage to the body by viruses.
• Mixed with bile– acquires a yellow-green tint, leaving a bitter taste in the mouth. This is a clear sign of food poisoning or overeating, eating fatty and smoked foods in large quantities.
• Mixed with blood– when blood inclusions are found in the vomit, you should urgently call an ambulance, because such a condition indicates the development of internal bleeding of the upper esophagus. If the blood is scarlet, the pharynx or upper part of the stomach is damaged; if it is dark brown, the intestines are damaged.

What to do: first aid rules

Parents should not panic when their child is poisoned by vomiting. You need to decide what to do in your right mind, to assess the situation, try to remember what factors provoked the pathological condition. After calling a doctor, you need to follow the rules of behavior and understand how you can help:

1. First of all you need provide the body with enough water. Children who are too young can be given a drink from a pipette or spoon to prevent dehydration. You should drink with special solutions, for example, one of the most effective preparations for mixing a solution is.
2. When blood is found in the vomit, you can let the baby swallow a small piece of ice, and put an ice pack on the abdominal cavity - this will at least reduce the intensity of internal bleeding. But in such a situation it is forbidden to give drink.
3. After relief occurs, you need to help your baby: rinse your mouth, wash your face so that stomach acid does not cause irritation.
4. Medicines should be used with caution so as not to harm the body; it is better to use medications after examination by a doctor.
5. Temporarily withhold food.
6. Provide bed rest and comfort, place the baby on its side so that the contents of the stomach do not flow into the airways.

Dr. Komarovsky talks about how and what to feed a child in this state:

When to call an ambulance immediately

Sometimes it is simply impossible to treat such a disorder at home, the attacks do not end, and the baby is already exhausted. It is especially important to understand what to do if the child has vomiting, diarrhea and fever at the same time. In this situation, the help of a doctor is required.

The reason to immediately call a doctor should be:

• a strong increase in temperature that continues to rise;
• unpleasant odor, greenish tint of vomit, presence of blood streaks;
• diarrhea;
• convulsions;
• increased frequency of attacks.

How to stop vomiting in children by age

The vomiting process must be stopped in the following cases:

• A newborn spits up often and in large quantities - more than a tablespoon.
• Vomit contains mucus, bile and blood.
• The baby refuses any food. Information for parents if...
• Uncharacteristic behavior – weakness, drowsiness.
• Paleness of the skin.
• Increased heart rate.
• Coldness of hands and feet.
• Severe pain.

It describes in detail which antiemetic drugs are recommended for which age and how to use them correctly. Attention is also paid to folk remedies for relieving vomiting.

In infants under 1 year of age

When vomiting develops before the age of one year, you should definitely consult a doctor. Such a child is not able to explain himself what is wrong with him and what is bothering him. If the child does not sleep all the time, you need to understand the reasons for this and take appropriate measures, more information -. Self-medication can lead to disastrous results.

The main reason for the gag reflex in children under one year of age is the underdevelopment of the lower esophageal sphincter - this is the muscle that allows food to pass from the stomach to the esophagus.

Weakness of the sphincter can also manifest itself as abdominal pain and irritation of the throat mucosa. As you grow older, everything goes away on its own.

Sometimes a baby often spits up due to overfeeding, since the milk does not have time to be digested. This means you need to reduce the portions a little, then look at the body’s reaction.

When a pathological condition is accompanied by high fever and frequent loose stools, an infection has occurred. You need to urgently call a doctor or an ambulance.

In children after one year

After identifying the cause that requires stopping vomiting, you need to take the following actions:

• When a gag reflex occurs, the child is raised vertically - sitting or standing. The head is turned to the side to prevent the risk of choking.
• After an attack, you can rinse your stomach with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or at least warm boiled water.
• To replenish fluid in the body need to drink a lot– it is better to use special solutions for this purpose.
• If the pathological condition is a consequence of food poisoning, then activated carbon, Enterosgel, Smecta will help remove the remaining toxins.
• When a child has vomiting and fever, this is an alarming symptom. It is imperative to contact your doctor.
  In this condition, it is forbidden to give antipyretics- they will come out along with the vomit. It is better to use injections or rectal suppositories.

When is it forbidden to stop gagging?

Vomiting is a protective reaction of the body to the penetration of toxins and other unnecessary substances. Therefore, in case of poisoning, it is forbidden to prevent vomiting until it becomes transparent.

The vomiting process is not dangerous, but harmful substances can cause great harm if they remain in the body. There is no need to give antiemetic medications until the gastric secretions become clear.

You should also not purchase questionable drugs; you should always consult a doctor before use.

State normalization rules

In order to stop vomiting in a child at home, it is permissible to use special medications. It should be stopped only when the frequency exceeds 3 times per hour or when there is mucus or blood in it.

1. For soldering children of any age if vomiting develops, you can use the drug Regidron with many minerals and other useful components in the composition. It quickly restores the ratio of missing microelements, normalizes the functioning of organs and systems, and balances the microflora. It is produced in powder form for dissolution in 1 liter of water. The amount of solution for use is calculated according to the formula - 10 ml per 1 kg of body weight.
2. If you don’t have a solution at hand, it’s acceptable to drink Borjomi or Essentuki mineral water. Having previously released the gas.
3. To remove toxins, you need to use medications with an absorbent effect.– activated carbon, Smecta, Atoxil, etc.
4. If vomiting develops during the day, but there has not been a single bowel movement, this process needs to be induced. An excellent children's remedy are glycerin suppositories.
5. After 5 years, you can give drugs to restore the functions of the digestive tract - Motorix, Mezim, Pancreatin.
6. When you can’t stop vomiting, you should call an ambulance. Usually, in this situation, doctors give a one-time injection of the drug Cerucal. This immediately stops the pathological process and allows the patient to be examined.
7. Motilium has a good effect on the condition after vomiting. It stimulates intestinal function and improves the process of gastric emptying.
8. If an intestinal infection develops with vomiting and diarrhea, Enterofuril tablets are prescribed. This is an intestinal antiseptic that kills pathogenic bacteria in the lumen of the organ. Thanks to this, the drug helps cure infection in children and adults.
   Enterofuril only destroys pathogens, but does not help replenish lost fluid, so it is used together with solutions.
9. Motilak will quickly stop the vomiting process. It has an antiemetic and prokinetic effect for any origin of nausea and vomiting.
10. Phosphalugel quickly helps when the vomiting process is accompanied by severe abdominal pain. The product absorbs, neutralizes acids, and envelops the mucous membrane. It also reduces the activity of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, maintaining normal digestion and preventing the re-release of stomach contents.

What to do if you have persistent vomiting

Vomiting in a young child is very dangerous due to the risk of dehydration. Most often, parents cannot independently determine the reasons. It is recommended to call a doctor or ambulance immediately after development.

Parents must know the first rules of how to stop vomiting in a 3-year-old child on their own. But if attempts are not successful, then you need to urgently call a doctor. Especially if a rare, intense deterioration of the condition occurs, cramps and diarrhea develop.

The doctor determines the cause and specifies the pathology. Even if a child is vomiting without fever, what to do in such a situation should be decided by a specialist. You won’t be able to do anything at home on your own, and you can’t hesitate.

What to do after assistance has been provided

After the attack stops, the child is carefully examined by a pediatrician. In case of poisoning or mild condition, treatment at home is allowed, be sure to follow all the doctor’s recommendations.

Treatment is as follows:

• Drawing up a suitable menu, excluding spicy, fatty, smoked foods. Products should be light and easily digestible. You need to feed a little, but often. If you have a baby, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the causes of loose stools in a child.
• Drink plenty of water - plain water, alkaline mineral water, a solution based on Regidron and weakly brewed black tea.
• Taking enzymes is needed to restore digestion.
• Taking probiotics helps restore intestinal microflora.
• Taking antispasmodics is required to relieve intestinal colic and abdominal pain.
• Taking sorbents - they need to be taken for some time after attacks in order to remove remaining toxins from the intestines.

Prevention

The main rule of prevention after completion of treatment is personal hygiene. You should always wash your hands before eating, and start feeding no earlier than 5 to 7 hours after the last attack.

Breast milk is best suited for restoring a baby’s body, and when a child vomits at 3 years of age or older, rice or buckwheat with milk, fruit and vegetable purees.

Food should be semi-liquid, boiled or baked so that nausea does not recur. Ideal helpers during the recovery phase are soups, natural juices, and lean meats.

conclusions

There are many known causes of vomiting in children. If it develops, you should seek help from a doctor, since it is not always possible to determine the cause on your own, and the chosen treatment can cause great harm.

You can use antiemetics only after consulting a pediatrician, as they provoke many side effects. Before the doctor arrives, it is allowed to give sorbents and water. In addition to the article, watch a visual video that tells you how to quickly stop vomiting in a child.

Dear readers, I think everyone will agree that vomiting in children is quite common. And, without a doubt, it always indicates certain disturbances in the functioning of the body. In today's conversation with doctor Tatyana Antonyuk, we will find out what provokes this phenomenon, how to stop vomiting in children and how dangerous it can be. I give the floor to Tatyana.

Good afternoon, readers of Irina’s blog! Vomiting is not an independent disease; it is a signal about the process of intoxication of the body, the presence of illness or various malfunctions in the functioning of internal organs. There can be many reasons why it occurs. Vomiting is often accompanied by other symptoms, can be repeated and carries the risk of dehydration, but may also not be dangerous for the baby.

In most cases, it is a protective reaction of the body to a number of negative factors. When impulses arrive from the stomach, liver, and intestines, a reflex expulsion of food occurs. The period before the onset of vomiting is characteristic: the child feels nausea, his salivation increases, and his breathing quickens.

Most parents perceive vomiting as a sign of food poisoning, but it can have other causes. Vomiting in a child without fever and diarrhea occurs with the following pathologies.

Pylorospasm

These are spasmodic attacks in the stomach that occur against the background of underdevelopment of the nervous system. Usually seen in newborns and infants. In addition to profuse vomiting, the baby has restless behavior, poor sleep and insufficient weight gain. Vomiting during pylorospasm should not be confused with normal regurgitation, which occurs in all infants and is not a pathology.

Central nervous system disorders

Their main cause is disruptions caused by intrauterine developmental pathologies, fetal hypoxia, and prematurity. An attack of vomiting in this case is not associated with food intake and is accompanied by dizziness, severe weakness, and convulsions.

Intestinal obstruction

In this case, vomiting occurs against the background of severe pain and cramps in the stomach. Blood may appear in the stool. Intestinal obstruction occurs due to infection by worms, in the presence of polyps or tumors.

Entry of a foreign body into the esophagus

If the baby is not able to talk about his feelings, symptoms such as increased salivation, pain in the neck, and shortness of breath in the child will help to suspect the presence of a foreign body.

Inflammatory processes in the digestive organs

Babies may complain of nausea, heartburn, pain and bloating. You can see mucus and bile in the vomit.

Traumatic brain injuries

They often occur in infants and children of primary preschool age, since children in this category are especially active and cannot yet control their actions. If after a fall your child vomits, is agitated, or, conversely, lethargic, you should definitely consult a doctor!

Autotenic syndrome

It occurs as a result of the accumulation of large amounts of acetone in the blood. In this condition, vomiting is sudden and uncontrollable, increasing the risk of severe dehydration.

Also, vomiting in a child without fever can be one of the symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, epilepsy, migraine and other neurological disorders.

When does vomiting and diarrhea occur in a child?

Diarrhea is a symptom that often accompanies vomiting in food poisoning and some other pathological conditions. These include:

• metabolic disorders, when vomiting and diarrhea indicate lactose or gluten intolerance or may be a sign of food allergy;
• attack of appendicitis. Vomiting occurs simultaneously with severe pain in the right side and around the navel;
• food poisoning or intestinal infections. Severe vomiting with further dehydration occurs with dysentery, rotavirus, and salmonellosis. The presence of poisoning or intestinal infection is indicated by diarrhea with a foul odor, mucus and foam;
• dysbiosis. Violations of the beneficial properties develop after long-term use of antibiotics, with reduced immunity. The child is bothered by frequent diarrhea, stomach cramps, and skin rashes.

Poisoning usually occurs when eating poisonous berries or mushrooms, low-quality or expired products, or alcohol-containing substances. Vomiting and diarrhea occur when there is an overdose of medications, or when a child comes into contact with household chemicals or dangerous dyes (on toys, clothes). Nitrates and pesticides, which are generously applied to vegetables and fruits, can provoke vomiting and diarrhea. Accumulating in the body, they cause poisoning.

What is psychogenic vomiting

Children are very sensitive and emotional, so vomiting can occur as a result of fear or extreme anxiety. Some young children are prone to so-called demonstrative vomiting, when the child feels disadvantaged and lonely and thus subconsciously tries to attract the attention of adults.

In teenage girls, vomiting may be a symptom of anorexia or bulimia. With the listed violations, the child needs the help of a psychologist.

How to stop vomiting in a child at home

The first symptoms of poisoning are observed within a time period of 4-48 hours after ingestion. The child must be shown to a doctor if vomiting lasts more than a day, is aggravated by an increase in body temperature, or appears in other family members.

Vomiting that occurs always indicates a serious pathology if blood and mucus are visible in it, and the child is diagnosed with clouding of consciousness, impaired coordination of movements, and incoherent speech.

Often parents do not know what to do if their child is vomiting and begin to panic. This, of course, should not be done; you need to make sure that the child is in a position where vomit cannot enter the respiratory tract.

Babies should be turned on their side and held semi-vertically; infants should be kept in an upright position. If vomiting occurs without fever in a child, you should not rush to immediately give medications. Without a preliminary examination and identification of the cause, they can only cause harm. Also, there is no need to do gastric lavage before consulting a doctor.

If your child is poisoned and is vomiting, the most important thing to do is make sure he drinks plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. After each episode of vomiting, you need to give the child some water to rinse the mouth.

If the baby has all the signs of poisoning, but there is no vomiting, parents can induce it themselves. To do this, the child is given water or milk to drink, and then pressed with a finger or spoon on the root of the tongue. If vomiting was caused by poisoning with detergents, artificial vomiting should not be induced so that acids and alkalis do not cause burns to the mucous membranes.

In this video, Dr. Komarovsky tells what to do if the temperature rises with diarrhea and vomiting.

The use of medications is possible only after consultation with a pediatrician. The doctor prescribes the most optimal remedy and determines the dosage depending on the age and weight of the child.

Cerucal

"Cerucal" is one of the most effective remedies for vomiting and nausea in children. It is produced in the form of injection solutions or tablets, which are intended for children over 6 years of age. The child's weight must be at least 20 kg. The usual dosage of Cerucal tablets for children with vomiting is 0.5-1 tablet three times a day.

The drug is taken 30 minutes before meals, washed down with plenty of liquid. Children under 6 years of age or those who weigh less than 20 kg are prescribed the medicine in the form of injections. Contraindications include kidney pathologies.

Motilium

The drug is available in tablets or a sweet suspension, which is prescribed to children under 5 years of age. The active substance of the drug is domperidone. It blocks the vomiting center of the central nervous system, stimulates the passage of food into the stomach, and prevents the development of congestion in the intestines.

The drug is approved for use by newborns with excessive regurgitation and cyclic vomiting. However, during treatment, the small patient must be under the supervision of a doctor.

According to the Motilium instructions, for children with vomiting, the dosage is 0.25-0.5 ml per kilogram of the child’s weight. The drug is taken 3-4 times a day half an hour before meals. Contraindications: intestinal obstruction and gastric bleeding. The drug is prescribed with caution to children with neurological problems.

Smecta

The drug belongs to the group of sorbents. The therapeutic effect of “Smecta” for vomiting in children is as follows: the active substance creates a protective film, preventing the absorption and spread of toxins and bacteria. The product is not absorbed into the blood, so it is absolutely safe even for newborns.

The drug is produced in the form of sachets, the contents of which must be diluted in tea, water or infant formula. Duration of treatment – ​​from 3 to 7 days.

Regidron

High fever and vomiting in a child cause severe dehydration. This can be dangerous not only for the health, but also for the life of the baby. "Regidron" for children with vomiting is prescribed to normalize the water and acid-base balance.

The release form of the drug is powder in sachets, which is diluted in water. When using the drug, it is important to follow the recommended dosages, starting with small doses. Contraindications for use: diabetes mellitus, renal failure.

Enterofuril

The antimicrobial drug has proven itself in the fight against food poisoning. "Enterofuril" for vomiting in a child without diarrhea gives an effective result, is not absorbed in the intestines, and activates the immune system. The release form for children is a suspension with a pleasant aroma. Children over 3 years old can be prescribed the drug in tablet form.

"Enterofuril" is taken regardless of meals. It is not recommended for simultaneous use with sorbents. Side effects are very rare.

We invite you to watch a video in which Polina Dudchenko, family doctor, neonatologist, and lactation consultant, shares recommendations regarding situations where a child is vomiting.

The concern of parents who want to know what to feed their child after vomiting is understandable. During this period, you need to follow certain nutritional principles:

• do not force feed the child;
• drink plenty of fluids to reduce the risk of dehydration;
• introduce into the menu products that have a gentle effect on the digestive system;
• the first dishes after vomiting should be liquid dietary porridge made from rice, buckwheat or oatmeal;
• When choosing products, take into account the reasons that caused vomiting.

Breastfeeding does not stop during vomiting, but previously introduced complementary foods must be stopped until complete recovery.

What to feed a child after vomiting in the first days?

In addition to cereals, these can be:

• in the form of puree;
• boiled carrots and broccoli;
• homemade crackers or biscuits;
• bananas;
• boiled eggs;
• vegetarian vegetable soups;
• fruit jelly with starch.

Fish and meat dishes are canceled in the first 3-4 days of illness. If you are feeling well, they can be included in the menu in the form of steam cutlets or meatballs. Meals should be small, every three to four hours. During the week, all meals should be low-fat and dietary.

Vomiting is not a disease, but a symptom of a pathology of the digestive tract or a malfunction of the body. Sometimes the cause of a dangerous phenomenon is blockage of the esophagus by a foreign body, problems with nervous regulation.

Vomiting in a child is not always accompanied by diarrhea and fever. Not only the health, but also the life of the baby often depends on a timely and accurate diagnosis. Doctors' advice will be useful to all parents and grandparents.

Causes

There are enough factors that provoke the formation of vomit. Even without a high fever or stool disorder, the spilling of stomach contents indicates serious problems.

The appearance of vomiting once or twice is not dangerous, but frequent attacks or the simultaneous development of pronounced symptoms are a reason to call a doctor at home. Sometimes urgent hospitalization of a small patient is required.

Main reasons:

• intestinal obstruction. The problem appears in newborns, babies up to one year old and older adults. Pathology can be partial or complete, congenital or acquired. At the same time, pale skin, chills, weakness, severe abdominal pain, crimson-colored stools mixed with blood and mucus appear. Requires surgical treatment;
• inflammatory processes of the digestive organs. Gastritis, duodenitis, stomach ulcers, cholecystitis, colitis, and other gastrointestinal pathologies are often accompanied by unpleasant symptoms, including the appearance of vomit. Causes of diseases: unhealthy lifestyle, poor diet, addiction to “harmful” dishes and products, frequent stress,
• indigestion after taking the wrong medicine. Poisoning from stale food is often accompanied by diarrhea, and fever is not always present. It is important to consult a doctor in time to minimize toxic effects on the body;
• acute appendicitis. The main category of patients: preschoolers and schoolchildren; in infants the problem occurs in isolated cases. In addition to repeated vomiting, there is loss of appetite, frequent urination and defecation, sharp pain in the navel and right side. Sometimes the temperature rises slightly, the stool becomes more liquid;
• metabolic disease. Diabetes mellitus is one of the endocrine diseases in which the baby develops vomiting without diarrhea and high fever. Sometimes there is a negative reaction to cereals, glucose, cow's milk, and some fruits. In diabetes, it is important to monitor the course of the pathology and follow a diet. If you are intolerant to certain foods, you must completely avoid them;
• cerebral vomiting. A dangerous sign indicating congenital pathologies and neurological disorders. Vomit is erupted with varying frequency in cases of traumatic brain injury, tumors, concussion, epilepsy, encephalitis, meningitis;
• entry of a foreign object into the esophagus. Troubles happen most often to kids exploring the world. The larger the foreign body, the stronger the pain when swallowing, the more foamy formations in the throat. The child does not want to eat, cries, worries. Frequent eruption of stomach contents does not alleviate the condition. Ask your baby and find out if he has put anything inedible in his mouth. An urgent x-ray is required, the help of a surgeon (traumatologist);
• pylorospasm, pyloric stenosis, cardiospasm. Problems with the functioning of the stomach and intestines. Consultation with a pediatric gastroenterologist is required. In case of pyloric stenosis (congenital narrowing of the lumen between the duodenum and the stomach), surgical intervention is performed. The help of a surgeon is needed in case of ineffective treatment of cardiospasm (impaired motility of the esophagus);
• neurotic vomiting. The problem is psychological. The child demonstrates a negative attitude towards tasteless food and attempts to put pressure on the baby. Sometimes a child seeks parental attention in such a strange way. Some children vomit when they are very frightened or overexcited. Persistent neurotic vomiting requires correction of family relationships and psychotherapy sessions;
• acetone crisis. A dangerous pathology that occurs under the influence of various factors. There is a smell of acetone from the mouth, headache, weakness, nausea, profuse, sudden, often repeated eruption of stomach contents. Medical attention is required: an acetonemic crisis quickly leads to dehydration of the body, convulsions occur, and the child may lose consciousness. Most patients are children under 10 years of age;
• reaction to complementary foods. Single vomiting and upset bowel movements without fever sometimes occur as a reaction to a new type of food. Most often, the problem is caused by a large amount of food or excess fat. Temporarily discontinue the unsuitable product. Next time put less oil, give a small portion.

Diagnosis and treatment methods

If you notice negative symptoms, consult a doctor. If nausea and vomiting were caused by fatty foods or overeating, you can do without a visit to the pediatrician. In other cases Consultation with a pediatrician is required.

The following methods will help identify the cause of the problem:

• conversation with young patients (taking into account age);
• examination of vomit;
• examination of the digestive tract (x-ray, ultrasound, examination using a probe);
• laboratory test to confirm or refute the suspected diagnosis.

Which doctor should I contact?

• Visit your pediatrician first. The doctor will listen to the complaints of the parents and the child and refer you to specialists;
• neurologist. If you have cerebral vomiting, you cannot do without consulting this doctor. The doctor will prescribe physical procedures, tell you how to adjust your daily routine, and indicate acceptable physical activity. In case of a concussion, if tumors are detected, the doctor will refer you to a hospital;
• gastroenterologist The specialist deals with problems of the gastrointestinal tract. The success of treatment depends on strict adherence to the doctor’s recommendations, proper nutrition, and diet for a specific disease. It is important to take the necessary medications. A good help is decoctions of medicinal herbs. Therapy is carried out in a hospital setting or at home;
• surgeon. Often, the help of this specialist prevents sad consequences when a foreign body enters the esophagus, intestinal obstruction, cardiospasm, or pyloric stenosis.

Important! Methods and duration of therapy depend on the diagnosis and severity of the disease. You should not treat intestinal diseases on your own or refuse examination for neurological pathologies. Delay in starting therapy often causes dangerous complications in a young patient.

Possible complications

With severe, repeated vomiting, dangerous signs appear:

• dehydration. The loss of large volumes of fluid disrupts water-salt metabolism and impairs the functioning of the body. When the case is severe, loss of consciousness and convulsions are noted. Dehydration poses a serious danger to babies;
• danger of suffocation from vomit. Some fluid enters the respiratory tract and immediate assistance is required. The problem occurs with loss of consciousness, in newborns, children under one year old;
• weight loss. With severe dehydration and loss of appetite, body weight can drop to critical in a short period. In premature babies and infants, catastrophic lack of weight with persistent vomiting develops within a day;
• injury to blood vessels. Persistent vomiting provokes rupture of the vascular wall. For this reason, an admixture of blood appears in the vomit;
• aspiration pneumonia. A serious condition when vomit enters the lungs. Caustic gastric juice quickly corrodes lung tissue. The sooner a child is admitted to a hospital setting, the higher the chances of success of therapeutic manipulations. Signs of suffocation, frequent coughing, wheezing are a reason to immediately call a resuscitation team. In addition to pumping out mucus and injections of antihistamines, artificial ventilation of the lungs is often performed.

How to help your child with vomiting

• If you have a negative reaction to food, stop feeding and wait a couple of hours. Next time, reduce the volume of breast milk per feeding; offer older children light, low-fat foods;
• if the baby is lying down, be sure to raise his head to an angle of 30 degrees. A simple technique will prevent liquid, mucus, and gastric juice from entering the respiratory tract;
• If there is profuse, persistent vomiting, do not put the baby down. Ideal position: semi-horizontal or vertical. Be sure to turn your head to the side;
• does the child feel well, after removing the vomit, the condition returned to normal, pain in the intestines, nausea went away? Wait an hour or two, observe the baby’s condition. If symptoms do not return, there is no need to call a doctor;
• Until the doctor comes, be sure to give your child something to drink. The portions are small: before a year, give 1-2 teaspoons of boiled water every 5 minutes, after a year - 3 teaspoons. For children aged 3 years and older, increase the volume to two tablespoons at the same interval.

Wrong actions

Remember this list, do not make similar mistakes:

• never rinse the stomach if the child has lost consciousness;
• You should not give an anesthetic for severe pain or abdominal cramps without a doctor’s examination;
• unauthorized use of antibiotics, potassium permanganate solution, and alcohol is prohibited;
• never give enzymes or drugs that improve stomach function (Motilium, Cerucal) without the doctor’s permission. The same advice applies to antiemetics;
• do not refuse to visit the doctor if the visit is “planned”, even if the baby is feeling well. Be sure to tell your pediatrician about problems with your stomach and intestines, regardless of whether there was fever or diarrhea with vomiting or not.

When is hospitalization required?

If the case is severe or a combination of several symptoms, call an ambulance. In a hospital setting, the child will receive qualified assistance.

Reasons for hospitalization:

• vomiting is combined with acute abdominal pain, severe bloating, and increased gas production;
• the child lost consciousness and had convulsions;
• vomit is abundant, liquid erupts in a fountain for a long time, nausea does not stop even after the stomach is emptied;
• a child vomits after a blow to the head, a fall from a slide, on a skating rink, or during outdoor games. Urgently contact a neurologist or neurosurgeon;
• against the background of uncontrollable vomiting, excessive agitation and impaired reactions to light and sound are observed. Sometimes the opposite state is observed: children are overcome by apathy, develop weakness, lethargy, urinate in small portions, less often than usual;
• in severe cases, the eruption of vomit is accompanied by a prolonged fever, which is not affected by fever pills.

Study the material, remember how to act if a child vomits due to various diseases. Vomiting without diarrhea and elevated body temperature is more common in children under 10–12 years of age. At this age, the body is very vulnerable, the role of timely, competent actions not only of the doctor, but also of the parents increases.

Recipe for anti-vomiting tea in the following video:

Vomiting in a child is an unpleasant and sometimes dangerous symptom that accompanies various diseases. With such a reflex act, the contents of the esophagus and stomach are released into the oral cavity. Severe vomiting in a child is also accompanied by nausea, anxiety, low blood pressure and sweating. All this brings severe discomfort and requires prompt intervention from specialists.

1. Why does vomiting occur once even in infants? In infants, it is often caused by foreign bodies entering the esophagus and stomach, as well as pathologies of the nervous system as a result of birth injuries. In the latter case, the attack is accompanied by severe headache, low pulse and even loss of consciousness. In a one-month-old baby, parents should be able to distinguish between vomiting and regurgitation. Each time after feeding, the baby is able to burp, and the food comes out with air in a small amount. Here, the main causes of the problem are poor nutrition and early complementary feeding.
2. At an early age, children may experience profuse vomiting after feeding due to weight loss and rare bowel movements. Perhaps this is a sign of a stomach abnormality, namely pyloric stenosis (pathology of the outlet of the stomach, or pylorus). They get rid of the problem through surgery. Vomiting can also be caused by spasms of the pylorus.
3. Vomiting in children in combination with rare stools indicates obstruction of the intestine that has not yet formed. At the same time, the stomach is very painful, and the baby’s skin is pale. Usually vomiting occurs almost every hour, as well as after eating.
4. The most common factor that provokes vomiting in children from seven months of age is poisoning. This may be due to poor quality food or medications, for example, strong antibiotics. Toxic vomiting is possible here. Violation of the diet, as well as the entry of allergenic or irritating elements into the stomach can also cause this phenomenon.
5. In the absence of fever, vomiting often occurs due to disturbances in the functioning of the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. Unexpected vomiting against a background of severe pain in the right side signals an attack of acute appendicitis.
6. Infection with viral infections and the development of stomach flu also lead to vomiting. A high temperature during a cold can either accompany vomiting or cause it on its own. With such diseases, dehydration, weakness, and loss of appetite are observed. Before the age of 5 years, vomiting occurs even during acute respiratory viral infections, pneumonia or tonsillitis. Vomiting in young children also occurs as a result of coughing attacks (read: Vomiting when coughing). This usually occurs with whooping cough or bronchitis.
7. Separately, it is worth noting that vomiting with a sore throat is caused not only by fever, but also by swelling of the tonsils and taking strong antibiotics. Sore throat provokes purulent plugs in the throat and forms a coating in the nasopharynx, triggering the gag reflex.
8. One-time vomiting is caused by the problem of overeating. Infants most often get rid of excess food by regurgitation, but older babies often suffer from stretching of the stomach, which receives more food than necessary. Therefore, there is no need to feed children at night, allow late heavy dinners and turn a blind eye to frequent consumption of fatty or spicy foods. If your baby has eaten too much, he may experience nausea, belching, and abdominal pain (see: abdominal pain when vomiting). Typically, such symptoms make themselves felt in the evenings.
9. Why is vomiting sometimes not accompanied by other symptoms? In emotional children, vomiting, benign, appears under severe stress or excitement. It is often used by a child to try to attract the attention of adults. Vomiting occurs as a result of hysterics when crying, neuroses, motion sickness in transport.

Kinds

Vomiting that occurs for various reasons is classified as follows:

Central

Central vomiting is caused by irritation of the corresponding vomiting center in the brain. Its causes are neurological diseases, brain injuries, migraines. These diseases are accompanied by severe headaches and lack of nausea. Within this category, there is, for example, kinetic vomiting (caused by disturbances in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus).

Hematogenous-toxic

Hematogenous-toxic vomiting occurs when the amount of harmful elements in the body increases and metabolic disorders occur. The causes are uremia, diabetes mellitus, liver failure, and poisoning. Toxic vomiting is often associated with taking antibiotics that are too strong for the child's body. A constant vomiting reaction has abundant liquid masses.

Psychogenic

Psychogenic vomiting is determined by emotional and mental disorders. This is a child’s body’s reaction to stress or an attack of neurosis. On nervous grounds, vomiting occurs in anticipation of important events, from resentment or fear. This symptomatology is also typical for adolescents suffering from bulimia or anorexia nervosa. Most often, vomiting due to nervousness is fixed as a conditioned reflex to a specific stimulus and has no health prerequisites.

Acetonemic

Acetonemic vomiting is periodic and uncontrollable vomiting caused by the appearance of acetone in the blood and urine. This causes a decrease in uric acid in the body. Frequent acetonemic vomiting in young children is often a sign of the development of salmonellosis or E. coli infection. It leads to dehydration and severe loss of salts, sometimes causing loss of consciousness and coma.

Reflex

Reflex vomiting is determined by pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, including gastritis, ulcers, and cholecystitis. Most often, periodic vomiting is associated with food intake (except for appendicitis and thrombosis).

Cardinal

Cardiac vomiting is caused by hypertensive crises or anemia. In this case, pressure changes, nausea and dizziness are observed.

External features

Based on the nature of vomit, several types of diseases are distinguished:

Yellow vomit

It is observed in diseases of the esophagus, poisoning and stomach flu. Added to this are loose stools, fever and abdominal pain. Vomit that is yellow in color often contains bile and leaves a bitter aftertaste. In this case, there is a possibility of diseases of the liver, pancreas and bile ducts. (More details in the article: vomiting bile).

Mixed with blood

This type of vomiting indicates internal bleeding. If the masses are pink, then small vessels may rupture due to gastritis. Scarlet, brown or almost black vomit indicates dangerous bleeding from large gastric vessels.

Fountain

This vomiting is the biggest concern for parents. In addition to pyloric spasms, the problem is also associated with diseases of the endocrine system. First of all, we are talking about acute adrenal insufficiency. In this case, loose stools, low blood pressure and weight loss are observed. Sometimes a baby vomits like a fountain as a result of improper latching on the breast during feeding. Bloating and colic can overstimulate the digestive system and cause excessive vomiting.

Against the background of a rash

The appearance of vomiting reactions against the background of a rash usually indicates a severe allergy. The rash occurs throughout the body or affects individual parts: cheeks, ears, buttocks. Red spots are accompanied by itching, vomiting is also combined with loose stools. Separately, it is worth mentioning the rash caused by meningococcal infection. In this case, in addition to vomiting, the child is bothered by a very strong fever; the spots do not turn pale when pressed on the skin. Meningococcal meningitis is extremely dangerous and leads to infection of the brain.

With water

Often the cause of vomiting water in preschool children is teething. In addition, the gag reflex is observed during colds, when a large amount of mucus irritates the throat. Vomiting water also occurs due to allergies, as well as from the influence of gastric juice on the walls of the stomach. In the latter case, the reflex occurs only with a long interval between meals.

With foam

Vomiting with foam due to weight loss and a huge appetite indicates a helminthic infestation. Sometimes similar symptoms accompany brain infections due to disorders in the central nervous system. There is no nausea, but headache, convulsions and loss of consciousness occur. In rare cases, vomiting with foam is caused by mental disorders. If vomiting with foam appears in the evenings, the cause may be malnutrition.

With feces

Feces released during an attack of vomiting indicate obvious problems with intestinal patency.

With mucus

The main source of vomiting with mucus is snot. Therefore, it is important for the baby to breathe through his nose. When a small child has a cold, the ability to blow his nose is impaired. The masses flow down the throat and activate the gag reflex. Usually the snot that provokes this phenomenon does not have other pronounced symptoms. But with strong crying, vomiting is quite possible.

Clear vomiting is associated with diseases of the central nervous system.

Getting rid of illness

1. The most popular medicine that helps relieve vomiting is Motilium, which blocks the nerve endings of the corresponding center. "Cerucal" is prescribed for disorders of the intestines and pylorus, and "Phosphalugel" is prescribed for inflammation of the gastric walls. Smecta and No-shpa help relieve spasms that lead to vomiting.
2. If a child has vomiting caused by irritation of the corresponding center of the brain, antibiotics should be prescribed and, if necessary, excess fluid should be regularly pumped out of the body. The course of treatment also requires diuretics and antispasmodics that relax the muscles.
3. Parents are often at a loss, not knowing how to stop their child’s vomiting if it is caused by psychogenic factors. It is best to invite your baby to breathe deeply and slowly, drink some water, and get distracted. It is necessary to make sure that the child understands the pointlessness of vomiting to attract attention. Sedatives, such as motherwort or valerian, also help in treatment. It is worth taking time to take a children's vitamin complex. Treatment can be carried out by a psychotherapist and psychologist.
4. To get rid of acetonemic vomiting, it is important to give your child plenty of fluids. Salt mixtures that are sold in pharmacies are best suited. Take the solution after each attack of vomiting in small sips. In addition, you need to drink tea, compote, rosehip decoction. It is also important to follow a light diet - without spicy and fatty foods.
5. In case of poisoning, treatment should begin with gastric lavage. Sometimes 2-3 glasses of warm water are enough to induce vomiting. A liter of boiled water can also be mixed with a teaspoon of salt and soda. However, if poisoning with gasoline, phenol, acid or alkali is suspected, such a procedure cannot be carried out. To relieve intoxication, you can give activated carbon based on the calculation: 1 tablet for every 10 kg of weight.
6. It is best to place the baby on his right side, with his head raised, so that vomit does not enter the respiratory tract. For any illness that causes vomiting, the child does not need to be fed on the first day. Instead of food, it is better to give various liquids. You should drink water or electrolyte 3 hours after the last vomiting. When fluid absorption stabilizes, you can switch to milk. After 12 - 24 hours, it is already possible to feed the baby with his usual food.
7. Vomiting and severe rash due to allergies require immediate exclusion of irritating foods. The body needs sorbents that remove the allergen. Antiallergic drugs should also be included in the course of treatment. Finally, you can relieve the rash with moisturizing gels and creams. Treatment can be carried out by a dermatologist or pediatrician.
8. According to the recommendations of traditional medicine, there are several ways to stop vomiting in a child. In particular, green tea, potato juice, infusions of peppermint or dill are great help. You can also brew ginger root and lemon balm.

Let's sum it up

• When a child starts vomiting, you need to take into account the age of the sick baby, and also pay attention to the accompanying symptoms. It is important to notice an increase in temperature, weight change, and loose stools. Such signs help identify a possible disease.
• Treatment of the gag reflex should begin after determining the type of vomit. There are central, toxic, reflex, acetonemic, cardiac and psychogenic vomiting. Each of the varieties has its own nature of origin, and therefore is eliminated in different ways.
• The nature of the masses plays a major role in determining the causes of vomiting. Thus, yellow discharge most often occurs with sore throat, intestinal flu and poisoning. The most dangerous is vomiting like a fountain and with blood.
• To help your baby with vomiting, you need to try to avoid dehydration. This is especially important when the child vomits every hour and quite profusely. It is not worth giving food on the same day, but saline solutions and plain water help both with gastric lavage and with restoring the body. It is best to give liquid every hour, gradually increasing the volume. When you feel better, you can allow cereals and fruits.
• The child’s head should always be higher than the body, including when lying down, to avoid suffocation due to vomit entering the lungs.
• If you know that the cause of vomiting is a digestive problem or stomach cramps, you can give your baby appropriate medications that relieve inflammation and relax muscles.
• Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor, especially if vomiting is frequent and accompanied by weakness, nausea and diarrhea.

1. Up to 6-7 months, a child’s regurgitation looks like vomit. In this case, food residues may contain water or particles of incompletely digested milk. In this case, the feeding process should be made more regular and frequent.
2. When taking antibiotics, vomiting occurs without fever. The medicine may not be suitable for the baby in composition, be of poor quality, or simply have such a side effect. Also, fever is not typical when vomiting due to food, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and dysfunction of the central nervous system.
3. Severe nausea, but without loose stools, accompanies vomiting with gastritis. A sudden reaction of the body occurs with the release of bile. Nausea and vomiting in a small child are characteristic of pyloric spasms of the pylorus, migraines and headaches. In the latter case, the head is spinning.
4. Loose stools combined with vomiting indicate food poisoning. A few hours after eating, the child begins to feel chills and the temperature rises. At the same time, the face turns pale and the limbs become cold.
5. The complex of all the main symptoms - vomiting, nausea, loose stools and high temperature - indicates inflammation of appendicitis. Poor appetite, abdominal pain and general weakness should seriously alert parents.
6. Unreasonable vomiting, which is not accompanied by other symptoms, often appears due to nervousness. In this case, the discharge is of a heterogeneous color, sometimes transparent, the process is not accompanied by pain, but is often associated with the child’s crying and hysterics.