Vision diagnostics. Diagnosis, effective treatment and prevention of eye diseases Cost of vision diagnostics

Surprisingly, a huge arsenal of examinations and diagnostic procedures is aimed at such a small organ of vision: from simple alphabetic tables to obtaining a layer-by-layer image of the retina and optic nerve head using OCT and a detailed study of the course of blood vessels in the fundus during FA.

Most studies are carried out according to strict indications. However, when going to see an ophthalmologist, be prepared to spend from half an hour to an hour or more, depending on the number and complexity of the tests you need and the workload of your doctor.

Determination of visual acuity and refraction

Visual acuity is determined for each eye separately. In this case, one of them is covered with a shield or palm. At a distance of 5 meters you will be shown letters, numbers or signs of various sizes that you will be asked to name. Visual acuity is characterized by the smallest signs that the eye can distinguish.

Next, you will be given a frame in which the doctor will put different lenses, asking you to choose which one allows you to see more clearly. Or they will install in front of you a device called a phoropter, in which lenses are changed automatically. Refraction is characterized by the power of the lens, which provides the highest visual acuity for that eye, and is expressed in diopters. Positive lenses are required for farsightedness, negative lenses for myopia, and cylindrical lenses for astigmatism.

Automatic refractometry and aberrometry

Based on the analysis of the wavefront of the eye, the aberrometer determines even imperceptible optical imperfections of its media. These data are important when planning LASIK.

Visual field examination

It is carried out using a device - a perimeter, which is a hemispherical screen. You are asked to fixate the mark with your eye and, as soon as you notice with your peripheral vision the luminous dots appearing in different parts of the screen, press the signal button or say “yes”, “I see”. The visual field is characterized by the space in which the eye, with a constantly fixed gaze, detects visual stimuli. Characteristic visual field defects occur due to eye diseases, such as glaucoma, as well as when the optic nerve and brain are damaged by a tumor or as a result of a stroke.

Measuring intraocular pressure

Non-contact measurement is carried out using an automatic tonometer. You are asked to place your chin on the stand of the device and fixate your gaze on the luminous mark. The autotonometer releases a stream of air in the direction of your eye. Based on the cornea's resistance to air flow, the device determines the level of intraocular pressure. The technique is absolutely painless, the device does not come into contact with your eyes.

The contact method for measuring intraocular pressure has been accepted as standard in Russia. After instilling the “freezing” drops, the doctor touches your cornea with a weight with a colored area. The level of intraocular pressure is determined on paper by the diameter of the imprint of the unpainted area. This technique is also painless.

Since glaucoma is a disease associated with increased intraocular pressure, regular measurement of it is a necessary condition for maintaining the health of your eyes.

Cover test

There are many methods for diagnosing strabismus. The simplest of them is the “cover” test. The doctor asks you to fix your gaze on an object in the distance and, alternately covering one of your eyes with your palm, watches the other to see if there is an orientation movement. If it occurs inwardly, divergent strabismus is diagnosed, if outwardly, convergent strabismus is diagnosed.

Biomicroscopy of the eye

A slit lamp or biomicroscope allows you to examine the structures of the eye under high magnification. You are asked to place your chin on the stand of the device. The doctor illuminates your eye with the light of a slit lamp and, under high magnification, first examines the anterior part of the eye (eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, lens), and then, using a strong lens, examines the fundus of the eye (retina, optic nerve head and blood vessels). Biomicroscopy allows you to diagnose almost the entire range of eye diseases.

Retinal examination

Using an ophthalmoscope, the doctor directs a beam of light into your eye and examines the retina, optic nerve head and blood vessels through the pupil.

Often, for a more complete view, you are first instilled with drops that dilate the pupil. The effect develops after 15-30 minutes. While they last, sometimes for several hours, you may experience difficulty focusing on nearby objects. In addition, the eye's sensitivity to light increases; it is recommended to wear sunglasses on the way home after the examination.

Vision is considered one of the greatest values in a person’s life, and few people think about it when they are in good health. But as soon as you encounter any eye disease at least once, you want to give all your treasures for the very opportunity to see clearly. Timely diagnosis is important here - vision treatment will be effective only if the correct diagnosis is made.

In the modern world, there are a large number of different techniques that make it possible to identify any problem with the eyes at the first signs of the disease. All of them make it possible to determine the nature of the threat and the tactics of further treatment. Such studies are carried out using special equipment in ophthalmology clinics.

Despite the fact that the process of a complete examination by an ophthalmologist takes only an hour, it is better to allocate more free time for additional diagnostics. The whole problem lies in the fact that during the period of the study, the eyes are instilled with a special solution that dilates the pupil. This helps to see more of the lens for a better inspection. The effects of these drops can last for several hours, so you should avoid any activity during this period.

Why see an ophthalmologist?

There may come a time in any person’s life when they have to seek help from an eye doctor. Such a decision is determined by a number of factors that become possible during a visit to the ophthalmologist.

Comprehensive vision diagnostics.
Professional equipment and high-quality consumables.
Reasonable price for the services provided.
and choice of treatment method.
The presence of a special database where all information about any patient is stored.
Individual approach and appointment of required examinations.
Surgery followed by rehabilitation.
Consultation of related specialists.

It should be remembered that a person’s vision can deteriorate for various reasons. Only a modern examination will help to find and eliminate them.

General information

Vision diagnostics are necessary to make an accurate diagnosis or simply identify the causes that impair vision, as well as to select the optimal course of treatment for each individual patient. An integrated approach to this issue will help to identify the true cause of poor vision, because many eye diseases have similar symptoms.

To do this, a comprehensive vision diagnostics is carried out, studying a whole list of various indicators:

visual acuity test;
finding the refraction of the eye;
establishment ;
condition of the optic nerve;
measuring the depth of the cornea of the eye, etc.

Also, the list of comprehensive examinations must include an ultrasound of the internal structures of the eye to check for the possibility of pathologies.

Preparing for the examination

A complete vision diagnosis or partial examination can only be carried out after proper preparation. To do this, you should initially consult a doctor who can see whether the vision problem is a concomitant symptom of some other disease. This applies to diabetes mellitus or the presence of a chronic infection in the body. When compiling an anamnesis, it is necessary to take into account the issue of the patient’s heredity, which can affect his well-being at a certain period of life. Before going to the ophthalmologist itself, no special preparation is needed, except that it is better to get a good night’s sleep so that you can adequately interpret the results obtained during the examination.

Vision diagnostic methods

At the moment, ophthalmology has made great progress in understanding the eye as a separate element of the whole organism. Thanks to this, it is possible to more accurately and quickly treat a wide variety of eye problems, for which innovative techniques are used. It’s simply impossible to list them all, but it’s worth taking a closer look at the most popular and popular ones.

Visometry

Vision diagnostics begins with the traditional method - determining acuity and refraction. For this, special tables with letters, pictures or other signs are used. In this case, halogen sign projectors are considered the most common, although in recent years halogen sign projectors have come first. In the latter case, doctors are able to check the acuity of binocular and color vision. Initially, the test is carried out without correction, and then together with a lens and a special spectacle frame. This solution allows the doctor to diagnose the problem as accurately as possible and select the optimal treatment to eliminate it. Patients can usually regain 100% vision after this.

Tonometry

The most common procedure of ophthalmologists, which involves measuring intraocular pressure. Such vision diagnostics are very important when glaucoma appears. In practice, such research is carried out by contact or non-contact methods. In the first case, a Goldman or Goldman is used, which needs to measure the degree of deflection of the cornea of the eye under pressure. With the non-contact method, the pneumotonometer determines intraocular pressure using a directed stream of air. Both methods have a right to exist and can make it possible to judge the possibility of a number of specific eye diseases. This procedure is considered mandatory for people over 40 years of age, since it is at that age that the risk of developing glaucoma increases.

Ultrasound examination of the eye and orbit

Ultrasound of the eyes is considered a non-invasive and highly informative research method, providing the opportunity to examine the posterior segment of the eye, the vitreous body and the orbit. This technique is carried out solely on the recommendation of the attending physician and is considered mandatory before performing certain operations or cataract removal.

At the present time, conventional ultrasound has been replaced by ultrasound biomicroscopy, which studies the anterior segment of the eye at the micro level. Using such an immersion diagnostic procedure, you can obtain comprehensive information about the structure of the anterior part of the eye.

There are several techniques for performing this procedure, depending on which the eyelid can be closed or open. In the first case, the sensor moves over the eyeball, and superficial anesthesia is performed to avoid unpleasant sensations. When the eyelid is closed, you only need to apply a little special liquid to it, which is removed at the end of the procedure with a regular napkin.

In terms of time, this method of studying the condition of the eye takes no more than a quarter of an hour. Ultrasound of the eye has no contraindications regarding its purpose, so it can be performed on children, pregnant women and even people with serious illnesses.

Computer vision diagnostics

The noted method of diseases is considered one of the most accurate. Thanks to his help, you can find any eye disease. The use of specific medical devices makes it possible to assess the condition of all structures of the visual organ. It is worth noting that such a procedure is performed without direct contact with the patient, and therefore is completely painless.

Computer diagnostics, depending on the patient’s age, can last from 30 minutes to an hour. To do this, the person applying for the announced study will have to take a position near a special device that will fix their gaze on the image that appears. Immediately after this, the autorefractometer will be able to measure a number of indicators, the results of which can be used to judge the condition of the eyes.

Computer vision diagnostics can be prescribed by an ophthalmologist to assess the patient’s eye condition for the presence of diseases or pathogenic processes, determine the most optimal treatment plan, or confirm the need for subsequent surgical intervention.

Ophthalmoscopy

Another method for studying the human eye, in which particular importance is attached to the choroid of the marked organ, as well as the optic nerve and retina. During the procedure, a special ophthalmoscope device is used, which directs a beam of direct light onto the eye. The main condition for this method is the presence of a maximum that makes it possible to examine the hard-to-reach peripheral parts of the retina. Thanks to an ophthalmoscope, doctors are able to identify retinal dissection and peripheral dystrophy, as well as fundus pathology that does not manifest itself clinically. To dilate the pupil, you just need to use some short-acting mydriatic.

Of course, this list of existing methods for diagnosing visual problems is far from complete. There are a number of specific procedures that can only detect certain eye diseases. But only the attending physician can prescribe any of them, so at the very beginning you just need to make an appointment with an ophthalmologist.

Diagnosis of eye problems in children

Unfortunately, eye diseases can occur not only in adults - children also often suffer from similar problems. But in order to conduct a high-quality examination of a baby frightened by the mere presence of a doctor, you need to have an assistant. Vision diagnostics in children is carried out in almost the same way as in adults, but the child’s head, arms and legs must be fixed in one position to obtain the most accurate results.

It is worth noting that the diagnostic methods in this case will be identical to those stated above, however, an eyelid lifter may be needed. Children from 3 years old undergo pyrometry in the form of a fun game with colorful pictures. If it comes to instrumental research, it is worth using anesthetic eye drops.

For a better examination of the child, it is worth consulting a pediatric ophthalmologist who has special training.

Where to go for diagnostics?

If the question of carrying out one of the methods for diagnosing eye diseases has become a priority, it’s time to contact an ophthalmologist. But where can a vision diagnosis be made so that it is accurate, correct and really makes it possible to understand the root causes of vision problems?

Of course, the most experienced specialists in this regard are located in the capital, where many ophthalmological medical institutions with special innovative equipment are located. This is why even regional ophthalmologists prescribe vision diagnostics in Moscow. The best clinics in Russia located in this city will help you make the correct diagnosis as quickly and accurately as possible and decide on subsequent treatment tactics. Considering the reputation of modern medical institutions in the capital and the number of clients turning to them, it is worth highlighting the following options.

Moscow Eye Clinic.
Konovalov Ophthalmological Center.
MNTK "Eye Microsurgery".
Excimer Medical Center.
Medical center "Okomed".

All that remains for a person who has vision problems is simply to contact one of the indicated institutions and get the necessary help.

In ophthalmology, thanks to modern equipment and the latest medical techniques, eye examinations take a short time, are painless and give very accurate results in identifying diseases of the eye organ.

Vision examination

Basic methods for diagnosing eye diseases are available to everyone

At an appointment with an ophthalmologist, the patient is examined with basic standard diagnostic methods, which include checking visual acuity, measuring intraocular pressure, examining the cornea and retina.

If necessary, a more accurate and in-depth study is prescribed using modern devices using laser technology and computer programs.

Symptoms for mandatory contact with an ophthalmologist

For timely detection of eye diseases and treatment, it is necessary to pay attention to the following symptoms:

swelling and redness of the eyelids;
presence of itching and burning in the eyes;
pain when blinking;
redness of the inner surface;
severe tearing;
the presence of a film in front of the eyes, obstructing vision;
spots and spots before the eyes;
flickering light flashes;
blurry or foggy vision of objects;
duality of objects;
increased sensitivity to light;
long orientation in a dark room;
sudden disappearance of the image;
curvature or break of lines when looking at straight lines;
observation of dark spots in the field of view;
rainbow circles that blur around the light source;
difficulty focusing on near and far objects;
observation of spots in the center of the visual field;
beginning to squint their eyes;
poor vision of the peripheral zone.

Who should have their eyes checked?

Preventive examinations should be carried out regularly

People with 100% good vision should have it checked for preventive purposes once a year. For those who have vision loss due to certain reasons, it is necessary to undergo an examination by an ophthalmologist to correct their vision.

For those who wear lenses, an examination is necessary to identify adaptation of the lens material on the surface of the eye. To determine allergic reactions to this material. Clarify the correct care and storage of contact lenses.

It is necessary to visit an ophthalmologist for pregnant women at 10–14 weeks and 34–36 weeks. Pregnancy can cause changes in visual acuity or complications of existing eye diseases.

For people aged 40–60 years, it is advisable to schedule a visit to the ophthalmologist for preventive purposes once every 2–4 years. Over 65 years old – once every 1–2 years. Children need to be tested up to three times during the first year of life and as needed.

It is advisable for people with cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and diabetes, after eye injuries or taking hormonal medications to visit an ophthalmologist.

Examination methods

There are many serious diseases of the human eye organ that significantly affect the visual process. These are cataracts, glaucoma, retinal detachment and many infectious diseases.

Early diagnosis, as well as timely treatment, can prevent further development of diseases, partial loss of vision and blindness. The earlier the diagnosis is made and treatment started, the greater the percentage of vision that can be saved.

Basic examination methods

Basic and additional examination methods used:

Visometry is the determination of vision, its acuity using tables of letters, where letters of different sizes are written on each line. While reading lines, vision is established at the moment in percentage terms.
Tonometry is the determination of the existing pressure inside an organ. The method is aimed at identifying glaucoma.
Refractometry – determination of the refraction of the eye (optical power). It can detect myopia, farsightedness and astigmatism.
Color vision testing is aimed at recognizing color blindness and other color vision deviations.
The perimetry method diagnoses glaucoma and determines the degree of optic nerve death.
Biomicroscopy is a method of examining the constituent parts of the eye organ, such as the cornea, external conjunctiva, lens, iris, and vitreous body.
Ophthalmoscopy is a way to examine the fundus, retina, and nearby vascular tissues. Determines the degree of strabismus.
Gonioscopy is a contact technique that allows you to examine the front of the eye to detect a foreign body or neoplasm.
Pachymetry is a method of studying the cornea of the eye using instruments, measuring its thickness.
Skiascopy - a shadow test is carried out by observing the shadows on the surface of the pupil when a beam of light falls on it.
Campimetry is a method of studying central vision to determine the size of the blind spot.
To fully examine the eyeball, Goldmann lenses are used. This device consists of three mirrors. Using the lens, you can remove tumors on the retina and completely examine it.

Today, methods for examining the organ of vision are sufficient to accurately and correctly make a diagnosis by looking into the most inaccessible and deep layers of the visual organ.

Amblyopia

Amblyopia is a visual impairment that has a functional origin. It cannot be treated with various lenses and glasses. Vision deterioration progresses irreversibly. There is a violation of contrast perception and accommodation capabilities. Such changes can occur in one, and sometimes in both eyes. In this case, no pronounced pathological changes in the visual organs are observed.

The symptoms of amblyopia are as follows:

blurred vision in one or both eyes;
problems with visualizing three-dimensional objects;
difficulties in measuring the distance to them;
problems in learning and receiving visual information.

Astigmatism

Astigmatism is an ophthalmological disease that involves impaired perception of light rays by the retina. With corneal astigmatism, the problem lies in the irregular structure of the cornea. If pathological changes occur in the lens, the disease may be of the lenticular or lenticular type.

Symptoms of astigmatism are as follows:

blurry visualization of objects with jagged and unclear edges;
double vision;
the need to strain your eyes to better visualize an object;
headaches (due to the fact that the eyes are constantly under tension);
constant squinting.

Blepharitis

Blepharitis is a common inflammatory eye infection that affects the eyelids. There are many types of blepharitis. Most often the course is chronic, it is difficult to treat with medication. Blepharitis may be accompanied by other ophthalmological diseases, such as conjunctivitis and ocular tuberculosis. Purulent lesions of the eyelids and loss of eyelashes may occur. Treatment requires serious antibiotic therapy and identification of the root causes of the pathology.

Symptoms of blepharitis:

swelling in the eyelid area;
burning sensation, sand in the eyes;
severe itching;
loss of eyelashes;
feeling of dry skin in the eye area;
peeling on the eyelids;
the appearance of crusts and ulcers;
loss of vision;
photophobia.

Myopia or nearsightedness

Myopia is an ophthalmological disease associated with refractive error. With the disease, it becomes impossible to clearly see objects located at a great distance. The pathology consists in a violation of the fixation of rays on the retina - they lie not in the retinal zone itself, but in front of it. This causes image blur. Most often, the problem lies in the pathological refraction of rays in the visual system.

Symptoms of myopia:

blurriness of objects, especially those located at long distances;
pain in the frontal and temporal areas;
burning in the eyes;
inability to clearly focus the gaze on distant objects.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an ophthalmological disease that has a chronic form. It is based on a pathological increase in intraocular pressure, which leads to damage to the optic nerves. The nature of the damage is irreversible. Ultimately, there is a significant deterioration in vision, and its complete loss is also possible. The following types of glaucoma are distinguished:

open angle;
closed angle.

The consequences of the disease depend on the stage of its progression. In acute glaucoma, sudden and irreversible loss of vision can occur. Treatment of the disease should be carried out by an ophthalmologist together with a neurologist.

Symptoms of glaucoma:

the presence of dark objects in front of the eyes;
deterioration of lateral vision;
loss of vision in the dark;
differences in clarity;
the appearance of “rainbow” tints when looking at a light source.

Farsightedness

Farsightedness is an ophthalmological disease in which refractive error occurs, due to which light rays are fixed not on the retina, but behind it. At the same time, the ability to distinguish objects located nearby is significantly deteriorated.

Symptoms of farsightedness:

fog before the eyes;
asthenopia;
strabismus;
deterioration of fixation during binocular vision.
Rapid eye fatigue.
Frequent headaches.

Cataract

Cataract is a disease that is associated with increasing clouding of the lens of the eye. This disease can affect one or both eyes, developing on part of the lens or completely affecting it. Due to clouding, light rays cannot pass to the retina, inside the eye, resulting in reduced visual acuity, and in some cases, possible loss of vision. Older people often lose their sight. The youth category may also be susceptible to this disease. The cause may be previous somatic illnesses or eye injuries. Congenital cataracts also occur.

Symptoms of cataracts:

vision becomes blurry;
its severity is actively reduced;
there is a need to regularly replace glasses; the optical power of new lenses is constantly increasing;
very poor visibility at night;
increased sensitivity to bright light;
the ability to distinguish colors decreases;
difficulties with reading;
in some cases, double vision appears in one eye when the other is closed.

Keratoconus

Keratoconus is a degenerative disease of the cornea. When thinning of the cornea occurs, due to the influence of intraocular pressure, it protrudes forward, taking the shape of a cone, while the norm is a spherical shape. This disease often appears in young people; during the course of the disease, the optical properties of the cornea change. Because of this, visual acuity deteriorates significantly. At an early stage of the disease, vision correction with glasses is still possible.

Symptoms of keratoconus:

sudden deterioration of vision in one eye;
the outlines of objects are not clearly visible;
when looking at bright light sources, halos appear around them;
there is a need to regularly change glasses with enhanced lenses;
development of myopia is observed;
eyes get tired quickly.

Keratitis is a disease during which the cornea of the eyeball becomes inflamed, causing blurred vision. The most common cause of this disease is a viral infection or injury to the eye. Inflammation of the cornea can also spread to other areas of the eye.

There are three forms of keratitis:

light;
moderate;
heavy.

Considering the cause of keratitis, it is classified into:

exogenous (the inflammatory process began due to an external factor);
endogenous (the cause of inflammation is internal negative changes in the human body).

Symptoms of keratitis:

fear of light;
frequent tearing;
reddened lining of the eyelid or eyeball;
blepharospasm (the eyelid contracts convulsively);
there is a feeling that something has got into the eye, the natural shine of the cornea is lost.

Computer vision syndrome

Computer vision syndrome is a set of pathological vision symptoms caused by working at a computer. To one degree or another, computer vision syndrome occurs in approximately 60% of users. This happens mainly due to the specifics of the image on the monitor. Incorrect ergonomics of the workplace, as well as non-compliance with the recommended computer work schedule, contribute to the occurrence of these symptoms.

Symptoms of computer vision syndrome:

There may be a decrease in visual acuity;
increased eye fatigue;
problems focusing on distant or close objects;
split image;
photophobia.

Pain, stinging, burning, hyperemia (redness), tearing, and dry eyes are also possible.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva (mucous membrane) covering the outer surface of the eyeballs, as well as the surface of the eyelids in contact with them. Conjunctivitis can be viral, chlamydial, bacterial, fungal or allergic. Some types of conjunctivitis are contagious and are quickly transmitted through household contact. In principle, infectious conjunctivitis does not pose a threat to vision, but in some cases it can lead to serious consequences.

Symptoms of conjunctivitis vary depending on the type of the disease: Hyperemia (redness) and swelling of the eyelids.

discharge of mucus or pus;
tearfulness;
itching and burning.

Macular degeneration (AMD)

The macula is a small area located in the center of the retina of the eye, responsible for clarity of vision and accuracy of color perception. Macular degeneration is a chronic degenerative disease of the macula that exists in two forms: one is wet, the other is dry. Both cause a rapidly increasing decline in central vision, but the wet form is much more dangerous and is fraught with complete loss of central vision.

Symptoms of macular degeneration:

a cloudy spot in the middle of the visual field;
inability to read;
distortion of lines and contours of the image.

Floaters in the eyes

“Floaters” in the eyes - this phenomenon is also called destruction of the vitreous body. Its cause is local disturbances in the structure of the vitreous body, leading to the appearance of optically opaque particles perceived as floating “flies”. Destruction of the vitreous body occurs quite often; there is no threat to vision from this pathology, but psychological discomfort may occur.

Symptoms of destruction of the vitreous body: appear mainly in bright lighting in the form of extraneous images (dots, small spots, threads) smoothly moving in the field of view.

Retinal disinsertion

Retinal detachment is a pathological process of detachment of the inner layer of the retina from the deep pigment epithelial tissue and choroid. This is one of the most dangerous diseases that can be found among other eye diseases. If immediate surgical intervention is not performed during detachment, the person may completely lose the ability to see.

The main symptoms of this ophthalmic disease

frequent occurrence of glare and sparkles in the eyes;
a veil before the eyes;
deterioration of sharpness;
visual deformation of the appearance of surrounding objects.

Ophthalmic rosacea

Ophthalmic rosacea is a type of dermatological disease that is better known as rosacea. The main manifestations of this disease are slight irritation and dryness of the eyes, blurred vision. The disease reaches its climax in the form of severe inflammation of the surface of the eyes. Against the background of ophthalmic rosacea, keratitis may develop.

Symptoms of ophthalmic rosacea:

increased dry eyes;
redness;
feeling of discomfort;
fear of light;
swelling of the upper eyelid;
white particles on eyelashes in the form of dandruff;
barley;
loss of eyelashes;
blurred vision;
repeated infectious eye diseases, swelling of the eyelids.
terigum

Pterygum

Pterygum is a degenerative eye disease that affects the conjunctiva of the eyeball and, as it progresses, can reach the center of the cornea. In its acute form, the disease threatens to infect the central optical zone of the cornea, which can subsequently lead to a decrease in the level of vision, and sometimes to its complete loss. An effective method of treating the disease is surgery.

Symptoms of pterygum at the initial stage of the disease are completely absent. If the disease progresses, there is a decrease in the level of visual acuity, fog in the eyes, discomfort, redness, itching and swelling.

Dry eye syndrome

Dry eye syndrome is quite common these days. The main causes of the syndrome are impaired lacrimation and evaporation of tears from the cornea of the eyes. Very often, the disease can cause progressive Sjögren's syndrome or other diseases that have a direct effect on reducing the amount of tears, and can also cause infection of the lacrimal glands.

Dry eye syndrome can occur due to eye burns, the use of certain medications, cancer or inflammatory processes.

Symptoms of dry eye syndrome:

large lacrimation or, on the contrary, a complete absence of tears;
redness of the eyes;
discomfort;
fear of light;
blurred images;
burning in the eyes;
decreased visual acuity.

Chalazion

A chalazion is a tumor-like inflammation of the meibomian gland. The disease can occur due to blockage of the sebaceous glands or their swelling. Swelling may occur due to the accumulation of a large amount of opalescent fluid. This disease occurs in people of any age. In its shape, the tumor is similar to a small ball, but during the course of the disease it can increase in size, and therefore put pressure on the cornea and distort vision.

Symptoms of chalazion: at the initial stage, chalazion manifests itself in the form of swelling of the eyelids and slight pain. At the next stage, slight swelling of the eyelid occurs, which does not cause any discomfort or pain. Gray and red spots may also appear on the inside of the eyelid.

Chemical burns to the eyes

Chemical burns to the eyes are one of the most terrible injuries to the eyeball. They appear due to the contact of acid or alkali on apples. The severity is determined by the type, amount, temperature and time of exposure of the chemicals, as well as how deep they penetrate into the eye. There are several degrees of burns, ranging from mild to severe.

Eye burns can not only reduce vision, but also lead to disability. If chemicals come into contact with your eyeballs, you should immediately seek medical help.

Symptoms of chemical burns:

Pain in the eyes;
redness or swelling of the eyelid;
sensation of a foreign body in the eye;
inability to open eyes normally.

Electroophthalmia

Electroophthalmia occurs due to exposure of the eye to ultraviolet rays. The disease can develop if you do not use eye protection while observing bright light. You can be exposed to ultraviolet rays while relaxing at the seaside, walking through mountainous snow-covered areas, or when looking at a solar eclipse or lightning. This disease also occurs from artificially generated UV rays. This could be reflection from electric welding, solarium, quartz lamps, reflection of light from a photo flash.

Symptoms of electroophthalmia:

redness and soreness of the eyes;
discomfort;
lacrimation;
blurred vision;
nervousness;
photosensitivity of the eyes.

Endocrine ophthalmopathy

Graves' ophthalmopathy, or endocrine ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune disease that leads to dystrophic infection of orbital and periorbital tissues. This disease most often occurs against the background of problems with the thyroid gland, but it can also occur independently.

Symptoms of endocrine ophthalmopathy: a feeling of constriction and pain in the eyes, increased dryness, color blindness, bulging of the eyeball forward, swelling of the conjunctiva, swelling of the periorbital part of the eye.

Episcleritis

Episcleritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the episcleral tissue of the eye, located between the conjunctiva and the sclera. This disease begins with redness of some parts of the sclera, most often located near the cornea. A large swelling occurs at the site of inflammation. There are simple and nodular episcleritis. The disease most often heals on its own, but relapses are also possible.

Symptoms of episcleritis:

slight or severe discomfort in the eye area;
their redness;
acute reaction to light;
clear discharge from the conjunctival cavity.

Barley is an inflammatory process of the membomian gland of a purulent nature. It occurs on the ciliary edge of the eyelid or on the hair follicle of the eyelashes. There are internal and external forms. Styes are caused by a bacterial infection, often due to Staphylococcus aureus. There are cases when the disease can become chronic (chalazion).

Symptoms of stye:

redness along the edge of the eyelid;
itching and swelling of the edge of the eyelid;
painful sensations when touched.

In addition, tear discharge may form, discomfort is felt, sometimes headaches, soreness in the body and fever, and general weakness.

Why is it so important to undergo a comprehensive high-tech vision diagnostics?

Comprehensive vision diagnostics is a necessary condition for maintaining visual acuity for many years. The VISION ophthalmology clinic uses innovative diagnostic equipment to detect eye diseases at the earliest stage, and the qualifications of doctors ensure an accurate diagnosis. The experience of our specialists and advanced examination methods guarantee the selection of effective treatment methods. We have been working for more than 11 years so that you can enjoy the bright colors of the world.

Why is early vision diagnostics using innovative equipment necessary?

According to statistics, up to 65% of eye diseases proceed without symptoms for a long time, imperceptible to the patient. Therefore, it is important to regularly examine the entire visual apparatus: check visual acuity, the condition of the tissues of the eyeball, and the operation of the visual analyzer. The VISION clinic has technological capabilities for diagnosing all parts of the eye, including at the cellular level. This allows you to prescribe the necessary treatment in a timely manner and stop the processes leading to loss or deterioration of vision.

We take care of patients by selecting optimal diagnostic and treatment methods

Examination at the VISION clinic is suitable for patients of any age. Thus, the initial manifestations of retinal dystrophy can occur as early as 18-30 years of age. An optical tomograph allows you to obtain a 3D image of the structure of the retina and see the slightest changes in it. After 30 years, the prerequisites for retinal detachment, glaucoma, and the first stages of neoplasms are identified. And after 50 years, you can discover cataracts or macular degeneration - diseases that lead to complete blindness. Diagnosis always includes a consultation with an ophthalmologist, who will select the optimal treatment regimen or recommend surgery to correct vision. Surgical treatment can also be performed by experienced ophthalmic surgeons at our clinic.

Advantages of the VISION clinic

1.Highly accurate diagnostics

Use of modern equipment, including optical tomographs. Some of the diagnostic methods are unique.

2.Qualification of doctors

The clinic employs qualified specialists - ophthalmologists and ophthalmic surgeons who love their work and have expert knowledge. We do not have visiting doctors, only permanent employees.

3.Innovations in treatment

The latest methods of surgical and non-surgical treatment of myopia, cataracts, glaucoma and other pathologies. Compliance with the international quality standard GOST ISO 9001-2011.

4.Top level eye surgery

Ophthalmic surgeons with unique experience and the latest generation operating equipment provide a high chance of preserving and improving vision even in difficult cases.

5.Responsible approach

Our doctors are responsible for the accuracy of diagnosis and effectiveness of treatment. You will receive detailed advice about your eye health.

6.Transparent prices

There is a fixed price in accordance with the price list. There are no hidden co-payments or unexpected costs once treatment begins.

7.Social orientation.

Our clinic has loyalty programs and social discounts for veterans, pensioners, and the disabled. We want new ophthalmology technologies to be accessible to everyone.

8. Convenient location

The clinic is located in the center of Moscow, on Smolenskaya Square. From the metro station Smolenskaya Filevskaya line just 5 minutes on foot.

The cost of the examination includes a consultation with a highly professional ophthalmologist.

The level and depth of research enable the ophthalmologist, based on the analysis of the data obtained, to make a complete diagnosis, determine tactics, prescribe and carry out treatment, and also predict the course of certain pathological processes in the vascular, nervous and endocrine systems of the body.

A complete ophthalmological examination takes from one to one and a half hours.

Protocol for ophthalmological examination of patients at the VISION ophthalmological center

1. identifying complaints, collecting anamnesis.

2. Visual exploration anterior segment of the eyes, for diagnosing diseases of the eyelids, pathology of the lacrimal organs and oculomotor system.

3.Refractometry and keratometry- study of the total refractive power of the eye and cornea separately in order to identify myopia, farsightedness and astigmatism with a narrow pupil and in conditions of cycloplegia.

4. Measuring intraocular pressure using a non-contact tonometer.

5. Determination of visual acuity with and without correction, using a sign projector and a set of trial lenses.

6. Character Definition vision (binocularity)- test for hidden strabismus.

7. Keratotopography- study of the cornea relief using automatic computer keratotopograph in order to determine congenital, dystrophic and other changes in the shape of the cornea (astigmatism, keratoconus, etc.).

8. Selection of glasses taking into account the nature of visual work.

9. Biomicroscopy- examination of the structures of the eye (conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens, vitreous body, fundus) using a slit lamp - biomicroscope.

10. Gonioscopy- examination of the structures of the anterior chamber of the eye using a special lens and biomicroscope.

11. Schirmer test- determination of tear production.

12. Computer perimetry- study of peripheral and central visual fields using automatic projection perimeter (diagnosis of retinal and optic nerve diseases, glaucoma).

13. Ultrasound of the eye for studying internal structures, measuring the size of the eye. This study allows us to detect the presence of foreign bodies, retinal detachment, and eye tumors in opaque internal environments.