Exam history of the first world war. Reason for global confrontation
Period 1914–1918 associated primarily with the First World War - a large-scale event that captured the most powerful powers in its whirlpool.
The war began after the assassination of the heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand, by Serbian conspirators in the Bosnian city of Sarajevo in June 1914. Austria declared war on Serbia, in response Russia, as the guarantor of Serbia's independence, began mobilization - putting the armed forces on alert.
The real reasons for the outbreak of the war of 1914–1918. there were contradictions between groups of capitalist states, the struggle for spheres of influence, markets, which led to the redivision of the world. On the one hand, it was Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, which formed the Triple Alliance, on the other, England, France and Russia, united in the Entente. Nicholas II believed that Russia was well prepared for war, and therefore could not let its allies down. In the manifesto on entry into the war, Nikolai noted that Russia was ready for war and called on all the people to go to defend the Motherland. The consequence of the declaration of war was a national upsurge in Russia, increased respect for Emperor Nicholas II as the defender of the people, an increase in anti-German sentiment in the country, and the renaming of the capital to Petrograd.
The people perceived the war positively.
However, the development of military operations was weak, already in 1915 the war took on a positional character, the only success of the Allied forces was the disruption of the plan for a lightning attack on Germany. The most striking event of the military campaign was the Brussilovsky breakthrough, the reasons for which were the attempts of the Russian high command to break through and defeat the Austrian troops in the area of Lutsk and Kovel. On July 4, 1916, the troops of the Southwestern Front under the command of General A.A. Brusilova went on the offensive. Brusilov managed to occupy Bukovina and Southern Galicia, overcoming an extremely fortified position that was considered impregnable by the enemies. As a result of the “Brusilov breakthrough,” the Germans urgently withdrew 11 divisions from the Western Front and sent them to help the Austrian troops.
Unfortunately, a single success did not determine the course of the entire war, the army was demoralized, there was no hope for the sovereign, and things had not been calm within the country for a long time. The soldiers left their fronts and after the October Revolution, on March 3, 1918, a separate peace treaty was concluded in Brest, that is, without the participation of the allied countries. The head of the Soviet delegation was Sokolnikov, but L.D. played a major role in the signing. Trotsky, who put forward the concept of “no peace, no war, disband the army.” It was because of Trotsky’s idea that Russia lost vast territories without fighting, and signed peace on absolutely unfavorable terms. The consequence of the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty was the isolation of Russia, the loss of a huge part of the territories of the Baltic states, Belarus, Ukraine, and the obligation to pay a huge indemnity. The “predatory peace” entailed dissatisfaction with the policies of the Bolsheviks both inside and outside the country.
Opinions about Russia's role in the First World War vary; for the most part, this war has been forgotten due to the influence of Soviet ideology. Contemporaries, including W. Churchill, believed that Russia suffered the greatest losses in the war, taking the main blow.
What was the reason for the dissolution of the First State Duma?
1) revolutionary sentiments of Duma deputies
2) the establishment of a military dictatorship in the country
3) refusal of the Duma to adopt the Declaration of the Rights of Working and Exploited People
4) expiration of the period of its activity established by law
Explanation.
The reason for the dissolution of the First State Duma in July 1906 was the revolutionary sentiments of the deputies who were in opposition to the government.
Answer: 1
What was the consequence of the events called “Bloody Sunday”?
1) creation of the Supreme Administrative Commission
2) the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War
3) the collapse of the workers’ faith “in the good Tsar-Father”
4) convening of the Constituent Assembly
Explanation.
“Bloody Sunday” - the shooting by tsarist troops of a peaceful demonstration in St. Petersburg on January 9, 1905 - led to the collapse of the workers’ faith “in the good Tsar-Father” and dispelled the monarchical sentiments of the workers.
Answer: 3
Disagreements led to the split of Russian Social Democrats into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks in 1903
1) about the program and charter
2) on participation in the activities of the State Duma
3) about the overthrow of the autocracy
4) about participation in the Congress of the Second International
Explanation.
The split of Russian Social Democrats into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks in 1903 resulted from disagreements about the program and charter at the Second Congress of the RSDLP. As a result, in the elections to the central bodies of the party, Lenin’s supporters received a majority of votes and began to be called Bolsheviks, Martov’s supporters remained in the minority and were called Mensheviks.
The correct answer is indicated by number: 1
Answer: 1
1) limitation of the legislative power of the king
2) nationalization of landowners' land
4) the decision of the Socialist Revolutionary Party to stop fighting the government
Explanation.
The consequences of the publication of the Manifesto on October 17, 1905 include the establishment in Russia of the State Duma - an elected legislative representative body of power. That is, there was a limitation of the king’s legislative power.
The correct answer is indicated by number: 1
Answer: 1
What are the reasons for the defeat of the Russian army in the Russo-Japanese War?
1) economic and military-technical backwardness of Russia
2) commissioning of the Trans-Siberian Railway
3) dissolution of the First State Duma
4) activities of the Entente
Explanation.
The reason for the defeat of the Russian army in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904−1905. there was economic and military-technical backwardness of Russia. The war ended with the signing of the shameful Peace of Portsmouth.
The correct answer is indicated by number: 1
Answer: 1
The defeat of the Russian fleet at Tsushima in 1905 was caused by
1) the presence of the US Navy in the Far East
2) military-technical backwardness of the Russian fleet
3) interference of foreign diplomacy
4) a strike by the lower ranks of the ship's personnel
Explanation.
The defeat of the Russian fleet at Tsushima in 1905 was caused by the military-technical backwardness of the Russian fleet, as well as the economic lag of Russia from European countries and Japan. The question of modernizing the Russian army and navy arose.
Answer: 2
Russia's failures in World War I were caused by
1) international support from Germany
2) crisis in army supplies
3) an agreement on mutual assistance in the event of hostilities with Serbia
4) the creation of the Triple Alliance
Explanation.
Russia's failures in the First World War were caused by a crisis in the supply of the Russian army, which began in 1915. Russia was unable to overcome the crisis (“shell famine”) until the end of the war.
The correct answer is indicated under number: 2
Answer: 2
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2013 in history.
What was one of the reasons for the First Russian Revolution of 1905−1907?
1) difficult working conditions and lack of rights for industrial workers
2) defeat in the First World War
3) government nationalization of enterprises and banks
4) the growing conflict between the Tsar and the State Duma
Explanation.
The First World War - 1914-1918, the nationalization of enterprises and banks began by the Soviet government in 1918. The State Duma appeared during the revolution.
The correct answer is indicated by number: 1
Answer: 1
What event happened during the First World War?
1) Battle of Tsushima
2) Brusilovsky breakthrough
3) defense of Port Arthur
4) defense of Shipka
Explanation.
Battle of Tsushima - 1905, Russo-Japanese War; Brusilov breakthrough - 1916, World War I; defense of Port Arthur - 1904, Russian-Japanese War; defense of Shipka - 1877−1878, Russian-Turkish war.
The correct answer is indicated under number: 2
Answer: 2
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. Main wave. Center. Option 1.
What was one of the consequences of the All-Russian political strike in October 1905?
1) granting political rights and freedoms to the population of Russia
2) creation of a government responsible to the State Duma
3) convening of the Constituent Assembly
4) creation of factory legislation
Explanation.
On October 17, the Tsar issued a Manifesto on granting political rights and freedoms to the population of Russia and on elections to the State Duma, fearing the unprecedented scale of the strike movement.
The correct answer is indicated by number: 1
Answer: 1
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. Main wave. Siberia. Option 3., Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. Main wave. Siberia. Option 3.
1) establishment of a republic in the country
2) creation of factory legislation
3) allowing the legal activities of political parties
4) dissolution of social democratic organizations
Explanation.
With a manifesto of October 17, 1905, the tsar introduced political rights and freedoms in the country and allowed the activities of political parties.
The correct answer is indicated under number: 3
Answer: 3
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. Main wave. Ural. Option 4.
What was one of the consequences of the All-Russian political strike in October 1905?
1) creation of factory legislation
2) allowing the legal activities of political parties
3) dissolution of social democratic organizations
4) establishment of a republic in the country
Explanation.
With the manifesto of October 17, 1905, the tsar introduced political rights and freedoms in the country and allowed the activities of political parties.
The correct answer is indicated under number: 2
Answer: 2
Source: Unified State Examination in History 05/30/2013. Main wave. Ural. Option 5.
What was one of the reasons for Russia's defeat in the First World War?
1) lack of allies in the war
2) crisis in army supplies
3) mutual assistance agreement with Serbia in case of hostilities
4) creation of the Triple Alliance
Explanation.
The main reason for the defeats of the Russian army during the First World War was the crisis in the supply of the army, which arose due to the general crisis in the country.
The correct answer is indicated under number: 2
Answer: 2
Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam 2014 in history.
What was one of the reasons for the failures of the Russian army in the First World War?
1) significant numerical superiority of enemy troops
2) the inability of domestic industry to meet the needs of the army
3) Japan’s performance on the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary
4) the surrender of France at the early stage of the war and the liquidation of the Western Front
Explanation.
The enemy did not have a significant advantage in the number of troops.
Japan took part in the First World War on the side of the Entente.
France did not capitulate early in the war, or at all, but, together with its allies, won victory.
But the domestic industry was actually unable to meet the needs of the Russian army.
The correct answer is indicated under number: 2
Answer: 2
What was the consequence of the adoption of the Manifesto on October 17, 1905?
1) limitation of the legislative power of the king
2) the decision of the Socialist Revolutionary Party to stop fighting the government
3) convening of the Constituent Assembly
4) proclamation of Russia as a republic
Explanation.
As a result of the Manifesto, a new legislative body appeared in the country, limiting the power of the king. Everything else is wrong: 2. the Social Revolutionaries never made a decision to stop fighting the government
3. The Constituent Assembly was convened in 1918;
4. Russia was declared a republic in 1917.
The correct answer is indicated by number: 1
Answer: 1
What was one of the consequences of Russia’s socio-economic lag behind leading Western countries at the beginning of the 20th century?
1) lack of railways
2) the need to import food to Russia
3) insignificant volume of oil production in Russia
4) dependence on foreign investment
Explanation.
Due to Russia's lag, the country was forced to attract foreign investment, since its own funds were not enough.
The rest is wrong:
1. There were railways.
2. Russia exported food.
3. The volume of oil production was significant.
Correct answer: 4.
Test on the topic: “The First World War”
1. The cause of the First World War was:
a) the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo
b) contradictions between the world's largest powers over the redistribution of an already divided world
c) England’s desire to increase its colonial possessions
d) military conflict between Austria-Hungary and Serbia
2. The Triple Alliance included:
a) Russia, France, England
b) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
c) Germany, France, Italy
d) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Japan
a) the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Franz Ferdinand, was killed
b) Austro-Hungarian troops invaded Serbia
c) the date of England's entry into the war
d) Germany's declaration of war on Russia
4. The losses of the armed forces of all participating countries in the First World War were:
a) 5 million people
b) 20 million people.
c) 10 million people
d) 7 million people.
5. The event dates back to 1916:
a) Battle of the Marne
b) the use of chemical warfare agents (gases) in the area of Ypres
c) Battle of Verdun
d) signing of a truce in the Compiegne Forest
6. The following took part in the First World War:
a) 38 states
b) 21 states
c) 33 states
d) 34 states
7. Date of conclusion of a separate peace between Soviet Russia and Germany:
8. Match the country that took part in the First World War and its purpose in the war.
9. Establish a correspondence between the participating country and its plans for the war
For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
10. Match the date and event
For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
11. Match the date and event
date | |
A) Italy’s entry into the war on the side of the Entente B) Battle of the Marne. Stabilization C) the “great retreat” of the Russian army on the Eastern Front D) Turkey's entry into the war.Opening of hostilities in the Black Sea and Transcaucasia D) Bulgaria's entry into the war E) Verdun operation G) Battle of the Somme H) Brusilovsky breakthrough AND) naval war with England TO) Jutland naval battle | 2) Summer 1915 6) February–March 1916 7) June-August 1916 8) 1915 9) May 1916 10) Autumn 1916 |
For each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second and write it down in the table with the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
12. Place the events of the First World War in chronological order
A) Truce of Compiegne
B) Bulgaria's entry into the war
B) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Germany and Russia
D) massive Entente offensive on the Western Front
D) US entry into the war
13. Name the countries that are part of the Entente
1) Germany
2) Italy
3) Russia
4) Türkiye
5) France
6) England
Answer: ______
14. Name the provisions characterizing the results of the First World War
1) Economic crisis, famine, devastation in European countries
2) Stabilization of the economy in European countries
3) Collapse of empires: German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman
4) More than 10 million dead
5) Defeat of the Entente countries
6) Defeat of Germany and its allies
Answer: _________________
15. Read the passage and name the emperor who gave this speech.
“Following its historical behests, Russia, unique in faith and blood with the Slavic peoples, has never looked at their fate indifferently. With complete unanimity and special strength, the fraternal feelings of the Russian people towards the Slavs awakened in recent days, when Austria-Hungary presented Serbia with demands that were obviously unacceptable for a sovereign state...
Forced by the existing conditions to take the necessary precautions, We command that the army and navy be brought to martial law, but, valuing the blood and property of our subjects, we made every effort to achieve a peaceful outcome of the negotiations that had begun...
Now we no longer have to stand up for our unjustly offended kindred country, but to protect the honor, dignity, integrity of Russia and its position among the Great Powers. We unshakably believe that all our faithful subjects will stand together and selflessly to defend the Russian land.”
Answer: ________________
ANSWERS:
1. b
2. b
3. g
4. in
5. in
6 a
7. in
|
Municipal budgetary educational institution "Lyceum No. 12 of Leninogorsk" Municipal entity "LMR" RT Tests, tests, educational tasks on the topic “The First World War 1914-1918.” Work completed History and Social Studies Teacher Kremenskaya A.A. Explanatory note 3 Crossword 4 Quiz 4 Test 1 6 Test 2 11 Part B 12 Part C 14 Military puzzle 17 References 17 Explanatory note On August 1, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia. This was done after the Russian government refused to fulfill the terms of the German ultimatum of July 31, 1914. The ultimatum demanded the cancellation of the mobilization started by Russia, which was announced in view of the start of mobilization in Austria-Hungary, which contained a direct threat to the security of our country. On August 1, 1914, our country began to participate in one of the largest and bloodiest wars in human history, which claimed 10 million lives. Russia's losses in the First World War amounted to: over 2 million killed and died at the fronts, over 3 million prisoners; The losses of the civilian population of the Russian Empire exceeded 1 million people. The relevance of this event was that as a result of the First World War, the old system of world order was replaced by a fundamentally different one. This event became the last war of the Russian Empire. It is with participation in this war that the colossal political changes that have occurred in our country are associated. To understand the changes that have occurred in the country, you need to know the events of the First World War. Assignments on the topic “The First World War” are intended for students in grades 9-11. Restoring and preserving the historical memory of the First World War. Expand and deepen knowledge of historical facts on this topic; To arouse interest in the events that took place in the world during the First World War; Introduce participants to the events of the First World War; To instill in students a sense of patriotism and respect for the merits of the older generation, who selflessly defended the interests of the Russian state; Instill a love for the history of your native country. Crossword puzzle on the topic “First World War” Quiz 3. At the beginning of the 20th century, was Russia part of a military-political bloc directed against England or Germany? (Germany) 4. 1914 dates back to: the death of A.V.’s army. Samsonov or the offensive of the army of General A.A. Brusilova. (Death of A.V. Samsonov’s army) 5. Who are the “defencists”? (Socialists advocating the defense of the Motherland) 6. The position of the Bolsheviks regarding the First World War was expressed precisely in this slogan. (Transforming an imperialist war into a civil war) 7. It was after this gas attack that the gas mask became a mandatory part of a soldier’s equipment. (Gas attack near Ypres) 8. Which of the two allied countries entered the war earlier: Russia or France? (Russia) 9. In what battle were tanks first used? (on the Somme river) 10. In February 1915, William II wrote: “The waters around Great Britain and Ireland ... are declared to be in a military zone.” What did William II mean? (The beginning of the submarine war) 11. What did the main patriotic slogan of Russia sound like at the beginning of the war? (For faith, Tsar and Fatherland) 12. It was in this naval battle in March 1916 that the English fleet fought the German fleet. (Jutland naval battle) 13. After what battle did the strategic initiative in the war pass to the Entente countries? (After the battle on the Somme River) 14. Describing this young man, his friends noted his short stature and stoop,combined with strength and endurance. Wherein,he was “modest, gloomily aloof, experiencingI thirst for reading, which I spent my nights doing.” Notbeing the bearer of a famous surname, this young manthe tallest man in 1914 became perhaps the most popularlarny in the world; died in terrible agony in prison andwas buried in a common grave in 1918. Lateryears, he became a national hero of his country. What was this man's name? (Gavrilo Princip) 15. Which countries joined the Triple Alliance after Italy left it? (Türkiye and Bulgaria) 16.Under what name did the desire of the French and German armies to encircle each other in October-November 1914 go down in history? (Running to the sea) 17. It was this military operation carried out in 1916 that was lucky enough to be first called by its location, and then by the name of the military leader. (Lutsk breakthrough; Brusilovsky) 18. Name the commanders of the Russian army that launched the offensive in East Prussia in 1914 (Samsonov and Rennenkampf) 19. On the territory of which country, Russia’s ally, did the Russian Expeditionary Force fight since 1916? (in France) 20. What was the name of the first strategic bomber in Russia and the world, built shortly before the start of the war? ("Ilya Muromets") 21. French military doctrine (Plan 17) provided for the beginning of military operations against Germany with the liberation of these territories. What are these territories? (Alsace and Lorraine) 22. Which military operation was carried out earlier: the Brusilov breakthrough or the Galician operation? (Galician operation) 23. Name all the empires that ceased to exist after the First World War. (Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires) 24. It was these countries whose goal was to strengthen their influence in the Balkans. (Russia and Austria-Hungary) 25. During this battle, Germany used a new weapon - a flamethrower? Call it a battle. (Battle of Verdun) 26. It was this simple rifle that not only turned out to be better than all its competitors in this war, but was actively used even in the Second World War. (Mosin rifle, “three-line”) 27. As a result of the First World War, three revolutions took place in two countries, which went down in history under the names of the months in which they occurred. Name these countries and revolutions. (Russia and Germany. February, October and November revolutions) 28. Name the city in which a separate peace treaty was signed between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers. (Brest-Litovsk) 29. In April 1917, a statement was made that Russia would fight to the bitter end. What is the name of this speech that provoked a government crisis? (Milyukov's note) 30. The loss of these particular animals towards the end of the war was considered in some armies as a tragedy, the scale of which was greater than the loss of soldiers. (Loss of horses) Test 1. Choose 1 correct answer out of 4 proposed 1. The German master plan for the First World War was developed by: 1) O. Bismarck; 2) A. Schlieffen; 3) F. Ferdinand; 4) F. Shekhtel. 2. Indicate what is superfluous in the given sentence. In 1915 fought on the side of the Triple Alliance: 1) Austria-Hungary; 2) Bulgaria; 3) Germany; 4) Italy. 3. The Treaty of Versailles was signed in: 2) 1919; 4. Which event happened first: 1) Jung's plan; 2) Dawes plan ; 3) plan “Barbarossa”; 4) plan "Ost". 5. The reason for the outbreak of the First World War was: 1) the sinking of the American passenger ship Lusitania; 2) general mobilization in Russia; 3) assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand ; 4) the strike movement in Germany. 6. The Decree on Peace adopted by the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets contained a call for: 7. According to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918, Soviet Russia lost territories: 2) Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia 3) Poland, Lithuania, Finland
1) Austro-Hungarian army; 2) the Russian army; 3) Anglo-French army ; 4) the German army. 9. Indicate what is superfluous in the given sentence. In 1916 The following major military operations took place: 1) the battle of Verdun; 2) Battle of Galicia ; 3) Jutland naval battle; 4) Brusilovsky breakthrough. 10. Causes of the First World War. 1) Exacerbation of inter-imperialist contradictions 2) The struggle for the redivision of the world 3) Creation of two military-political alliances (Entente and Triple Alliance) 4) All answers are correct 11. What goals did Russia have in the First World War? 1) Capture of new colonies belonging to England and France 2) Establish dominance in the Balkans, in the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits 3) Divide the Ottoman Empire 4) Return Alsace and Lorraine 12. Which countries were part of the Triple Alliance? 1) England, France, Russia 2) USA, Russia, Serbia 3) Belgium, China, Spain 4) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy 13. What was the name of the severe form of influenza that claimed 27 million lives? 1) Italian 2) Spanish 3) American 4) English 14. The largest battle where 2 million people died? 1) Verdun meat grinder 2) Battle of the Marne 3) Battle of the Somme 4) Poisoning in the Ypres area 15. The Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian army in the initial period of the First World War was: 1) Nicholas II 2) Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich 3) S.D. Sazonov 4) A.A.Brusilov
1) the death of the army of General A.V. Samsonov 2) offensive of the army of General A.A. Brusilov 3 ) US entry into the war 4) exit from the war in Italy
1) occupied Berlin 2) occupied Paris 3) were driven out of Warsaw by the Germans 4) were defeated in East Prussia 18. In the summer of 1915, the new commander-in-chief of the Russian army became: 2) M.V. Alekseev 3) Nicholas II 4) S.D. Sazonov
1) the beginning of the First World War 2) the death of the Russian army in East Prussia 3 ) offensive of the Russian army on the Southwestern Front 4) end of the First World War
1) parties supporting participation in the war until victory 2) Bolsheviks who agree with the slogan of the defeat of their government in the war 4
) a faction in the Duma that united all supporters of waging a “defensive” war 21. The position of the Bolsheviks regarding the First World War was expressed in the slogan: 2) turning the imperialist war into a civil war 3) protection of the Fatherland from the German invasion 4) proclamation of “civil peace” 22. The commander-in-chief of the Southwestern Front in 1916 was: 2) Ya.G. Zhilinsky 3) A.V. Samsonov 4) P.K. Rennenkampf
2) lack of shells 3) the presence of German spies at the royal court 4) mediocrity of military leaders 24. First World War: 1) led to the rise of the revolutionary movement 2) strengthened the government’s position 3) led to the decline of the revolutionary movement 25. The Decree on Peace adopted by the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets contained a call for: 1) a world without annexations and indemnities 2) a separate peace with Germany 3) turning the imperialist war into a civil war 4) Russia’s accession to the Treaty of Versailles 26. According to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918, Soviet Russia lost territories: 2) Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia 3) Poland, Lithuania, Finland 4) Estonia, part of Poland, Armenia Test 2. Choose 1 correct answer out of 5 suggested 1) Serbia 2) Germany 3) Russia 4) England 5)France 2. On what date did Germany declare war on Russia? 3. How many fronts were formed at the beginning of the war? 1) 3 2) 4 3) 5 4) 6 5) 1 4. How many days did the First World War last? 1) 1544 2) 1554 3) 1553 4) 1545 5) 1445 5. Which country was called the world creditor? 1) France 2) England 3) USA 4) Germany 5) Russia 6. How many people died during the First World War? 1) 10 million people 2) 20 million people 3) 27 million people 4) 19 million people 5) 9 million people Part B Match countries with the goals they pursued in World War I A) Russia B) Germany 2) achieve world domination B) France D) England 4) strengthen influence in Europe Answer: A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 Match dates and events: Dates Events 1) conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk peace 2) the beginning of the First World War 3) Russia’s entry into the war 4) surrender of Austria-Hungary 5) surrender of Germany A-3; B-2; IN 1; G-5 3. Arrange in chronological order the introduction to the First world war of the following countries: A) England B) France IN THE USA D) Russia
4. Place the events in chronological order: B) East Prussian operation B) Galician operation D) evacuation of Russian troops from Warsaw D) Gorlitsky breakthrough
5. Fill in the missing words The German press, characterizing the countries that participated in the First World War, wrote about them: “a representative of the most extreme absolutism” (1), “the mother of revolution and the guillotine” (2), “the oldest constitutional state in the world” (3). Which countries do these characteristics apply to?
Answer: Russia, France, England Read a fragment from an article by State Duma deputy P.N. Milyukov (dated 1915) and write the name of the country whose assistance from Russia it refers to.
Answer:__Serbia Part C
“... will begin with all failures being attributed to the government. A violent campaign against him will begin in legislative institutions, as a result of which revolutionary uprisings will begin in the country. These latter will immediately put forward socialist slogans, the only ones that can raise and group broad sections of the population, first a black redistribution, and then a general division of all valuables and property... The army, which lost...during the war the most reliable personnel, covered for the most part spontaneously by the general peasant desire for land, will be too demoralized to serve as a bastion of law and order. Legislative institutions and intellectual opposition parties, deprived of real authority in the eyes of the people, will be unable to restrain the diverging popular waves that they themselves raised, and Russia will be plunged into hopeless anarchy, the outcome of which cannot even be predicted.”
C2. Why was the “spontaneously common peasant desire for land” characteristic of the Russian army of the early 20th century? C4. August 4, 1914 Great Britain entered the war on the side of France and Russia. At the same time, not all the British were enthusiastic about this alliance, and some were generally against partnership with Russia. Thus, B. Shaw noted: “If we cannot defeat Potsdam without Russia’s help... then we should simply give Germany the best and count on an alliance with America for the sake of our place in the sun.”
C2. The majority of the population in Russia were peasants. In conditions of universal conscription, the soldiers were the same peasants. C3. The author can consider the liberal parties to be “opposition-intelligent”: the Octobrists and, especially, the Cadets, since the social support of this party was the Russian intelligentsia.
How, in your opinion, does this judgment of V.I. Lenin explain the causes of the First World War, its character?
We go with Germany: Our fists are big - We won't get lost anywhere.
Stand up for mortal combat With German dark power, With the Teutonic horde! (A. Bode)
What it brought us to: Until pure pole- Even if I'm choking on grief. …
What I did in Raseyushka: Shaved young people I shed tears all over Russia! How did the people's attitude towards the war change at its beginning and at its end? Answer: C6. At the beginning of the war, there was unity of the nation based on patriotic sentiments and confidence in victory. By the end of the war, there was disappointment and dissatisfaction with the government's policies, which led to defeats and large losses, a sharp deterioration in the standard of living, especially of the poor. The village suffered especially, losing labor, livestock, and cropland. Military puzzle At the beginning of the First World War, the uniform of British soldiers included a brown cloth cap. They didn't have metal helmets. After some time, the army command became concerned about the large number of head wounds. It was decided to replace the cap with a metal helmet. But soon the command was surprised to learn that the number of head wounds had increased. It should be noted that the intensity of the battles was approximately the same before and after the introduction of helmets. So why did the number of head wounds increase when soldiers began wearing helmets rather than caps? Answer: The number of reported head wounds has increased, but the mortality rate has decreased. Previously, if a shrapnel fragment hit a soldier in the head, it would pierce his cap, and the person would most likely die. This was recorded as a death, not an injury. After it was prescribed to wear helmets, the impact of shrapnel did not kill the soldier, but only wounded him. Therefore, the number of head wounds increased and the number of deaths decreased. Unified State Examination on the topic “The First World War. February Revolution of 1917" Part A. 1. What are the causes of the First World War? a) the desire of the leading world powers to redraw the world map in their interests b) the desire of the governments of countries involved in the war to distract their people from the revolutionary struggle c) the desire of the participating countries to take away colonies from the largest colonial power, Great Britain 2. What was the main result of the military campaign of 1914? a) signing of a separate peace by Germany and England b) Germany failed to implement its plan for a lightning war c) Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France 3. When did the February 1917 revolution begin in Petrograd? 4. What are the main results of the February Revolution? a) the monarchy fell b) dual power arose c) democratization of the country began d) the Constituent Assembly was convened 5. What is the meaning of order No. 1? a) the establishment of dictatorships in the proletariatb) democratization of the army beganc) the State Duma was liquidated 6. What was the main reason for the April crisis of the Provisional Government? a) Miliukov’s note on the continuation of the warb) Lenin's speech at the First Congress of Soviets c) breakthrough on the front of General Brusilov 7. Why did the Russian army fail during the First World War? a) poor supply of the army with weapons and ammunition b) there was scattered action of the fronts c) England and France violated the treaty of alliance 8. What are the results of the First World War for Russia? a) the internal political and economic situation in the country has sharply deteriorated b) Russia achieved the goals for which it participated in the war c) during the war in Russia the First Russian Revolution will occur 9. What events became the reason for the riots in February 1917 in Petrograd? a) demonstration of women in honor of International Women's Day b) the dismissal of 30,000 striking workers from the Putilov plant c) performance of soldiers of the Petrograd garrison 10. What two authorities appeared in Petrograd during the February Revolution? a) Constituent Assembly b) Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies c) Provisional Government d) State Council 11. What changes did the Declaration of the Provisional Government, adopted on March 3, 1917, bring to the life of Russia? a) introduced broad civil rights and freedoms b) provided the peasants with land c) brought Russia out of the First World War 12.What was the composition of the Entente on the eve of the war? a) England, USA, France; b) England, Russia, France; c) England, Russia, Italy. 13. Germany declared war on Russia: a) June 28, 1914; b) 07/28/1914; c) August 1, 1914; d) 08/3/1914 14. The Brusilov breakthrough took place in: 15. The Verdun operation took place in: a) 1914, b) 1915; c) 1916; d) 1917 Part B 1. Arrange events by year: A) 1914; b) 1916; c) 1918 1. Battle of the Somme; 2. Brusilovsky breakthrough; 3. first gas attack near Ypres; 4. US entry into the war; 5; Battle of the Marne; 6. Battle of Jutland; 7. Battle of Verdun; 8. Miliukov’s note on Russia’s participation in the war to a victorious end; 9. Peace of Brest-Litovsk; 10. Truce of Compiegne; 2.Write the name of the historical event. Russia renounced all territories occupied by German troops. It was obliged to demobilize the army and pay compensation for damage caused to the property of German citizens on its territory. 3. The causes of the February revolution were. 1 . The agrarian question was not resolved 2. Russian participation in the First World War 3. Lack of labor legislation 4. Creation of the Provisional Government 5. Creation of the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies 4. Relate. 1. G.E. Lvov A. Minister of Justice 2. A.I. Guchkov B. Minister of Foreign Affairs 3. P.N. Milyukov V. Chairman of the Provisional Government 4. A.F. Kerensky G. Minister of Military Affairs D. Minister of Finance 5.The reasons for the June and July crises were the authorities. 1. Mass protests by workers 2. Unsuccessful counter-offensive at the front 3. A sharp deterioration in the economic situation of the country 4. Abdication of Nicholas II from the throne 5. Resignation of G.E. Lvov 6. Select events related to the 1917 revolution. 1. Bloody Sunday 2. The fall of the autocracy 3. Establishment of dual power 4. Manifesto “On Improving Public Order” 5. Kronstadt uprising Part C Read the text and complete the tasks. To the garrison of the Petrograd district to all soldiers of the guard, army, artillery, navy for immediate and precise execution, and to the workers of Petrograd for information.
C1. Write the title of the document and the date of its adoption. C2. Reveal the main provisions of the document characterizing relations with the military. C3. What event led to the adoption of this document and what is its significance for the military? C4. Below are 2 points of view on the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. Indicate which of the above points of view seems preferable to you. Give at least three facts and provisions that can serve as arguments confirming your chosen point of view.
C5. . Compare the historical events of the revolution of 1905 and the revolution of 1917. Name at least 2 general provisions and at least 3 differences in their activities. |