Fibrocystic mastopathy of the discharge. Fibrocystic mastopathy: what is it, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

The female breast is not only a matter of pride for the fair sex, but also an object of concern, and one of the main indicators of failures and improper functioning of the reproductive system, as well as a kind of litmus test for the state of a woman's hormonal levels.

This article highlights the main points and nuances of a common disease - fibrocystic mastopathy. This disease occurs in almost every second middle-aged woman, and is a borderline pathology, with the neglect of which, there is a risk of degeneration into an oncological disease.

What is mastopathy?

In addition to this reason, it should be especially noted that mastopathy can occur as a result of failures in the normal functioning of the kidneys and adrenal glands, improper functioning of the liver, and improper functioning of the pituitary gland, which is responsible for the production of prolactin in women.

The fact that over the past hundred years the number of women suffering from mastopathy has increased many times due to many factors:

Until the 20th century, a healthy woman of childbearing age was either pregnant or breastfeeding, which, according to many experts, favorably influenced the natural hormonal background of the female body. The invention of various chemical and pharmaceutical agents, abortion at various times, as well as other interventions in the reproductive system, have dramatically negatively affected the hormonal background, and continue to affect each individual female organ.

Diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy

The most common type of fibrocystic mastopathy is its diffuse subspecies. This form is characterized by an increase in the amount of glandular tissue, and the formation of edema.

According to the symptoms and characteristic course of the disease, it is considered the simplest form of diffuse mastopathy:

Nodular fibrocystic mastopathy

The nodular form of the course of fibrocystic disease is much less favorable.

In this case, in addition to the disorders characteristic of the diffuse form of mastopathy described above, the presence of one or more nodes in the mammary gland, which most often represent a fibroadenoma or adenoma, is added.

It is a fairly common benign tumor that affects mainly women of reproductive age, less often adolescence.

This neoplasm can have various sizes, from a pea in diameter to a tumor reaching up to 15 cm.

Fibroadenoma rarely develops into a malignant tumor, according to medical analysts, this happens in only two percent of cases.

The situation is much worse with the nodular form of nodular fibrocystic mastopathy represented by nodes with proliferation of glandular tissue. Atypical hyperplasia is the medical name for this type of nodes. In cases of manifestation of nodes of this nature, mastopathy turns into oncology in every fifth woman

Mixed fibrocystic mastopathy

Mixed fibrocystic mastopathy- This is a collection of nodes, cysts and seals. Most often occurs in women under the age of 35 years. The early stage is very difficult to determine due to the absence of any discomfort in the area of ​​​​the mammary glands, and is most often determined only during an annual examination by a mammologist.

Over time, all formations begin to grow, which leads to compression of the nerve endings, the occurrence of pain, a feeling of heaviness and fullness in the chest area.

Features of bilateral fibrocystic mastopathy

As the name of this form of mastopathy implies, its main feature is the course of the disease in both mammary glands.

A completely natural moment is that with a bilateral course there can be all the same different forms of the course of the disease as with a unilateral one, but still more often women experience bilateral mastopathy with a diffuse nature of mastopathy in the initial stage.

This is due to the fact that the form with the formation of nodes is characterized by the formation of single or multiple cysts or nodes in one breast.

Symptoms

Initially, the symptoms of mastopathy are very mild: pain is weak, neoplasms may not be felt on palpation, and it is possible to detect mastopathy at the very beginning of the course of the disease only with regular mammological examination.

The main symptoms may be aching, with a possible release of milk from the breast.

These failures in milk secretion are called galactorrhea.

Galactorrhea with mastopathy can be of varying intensity:

• from meager and spontaneous,
• to discharge at the slightest touch on the chest,
• up to the presence of blood impurities in these secretions.

On palpation - the main symptom of mastopathy, in which it is necessary to contact a medical institution as soon as possible to establish a diagnosis and start treatment at the very beginning of the disease.

In the initial stages, the symptoms of the disease are very similar to premenstrual syndrome.

So, it is observed:

1. Headache
2. Irritability
3. Nausea
4. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract
5. Flatulence
6. Swelling of hands, feet and face.

The most serious symptom, and the reason for urgent medical attention in case of mastopathy, is discharge from the nipples with blood impurities. Most often, these discharges indicate the presence of intraductal formations, papillomas, manifesting and bleeding.

pain

With fibrocystic disease, the pain syndrome may not be based in the mammary gland itself. So, they can give to the shoulder blade, shoulder and armpits, and have varying degrees of strength.

The degree of soreness is determined by various factors, such as:

• the individuality of the pain syndrome of a woman,
• disease stage,
• the size of neoplasms and their location in the mammary gland.

Allocations

with mastopathy, they can have a different composition and intensity.

They can be:

• fickle;
• spontaneous;
• meager;
• spontaneous.

Their nature depends on many factors, and each individual case of the course of the disease.

Sonography

Sonography is nothing more than a study of the mammary glands on devices. Sonography for the detection of mastopathy is carried out using modern sensors with increased resolution up to 10 MHz.

Ultrasound helps:

Ultrasound imaging contributes not only to the fixation and analysis of examinations, but also allows you to track the dynamic changes in the course of the disease. In addition, it is worth noting that echography is a harmless and informative examination.

Diagnostics

The most favorable period for the diagnosis of mastopathy is 5-12 days of the menstrual cycle.

Puncture for fibrocystic mastopathy

are a kind of bubbles filled with liquid. And the liquid they fill, depending on the stage and cause of their occurrence, may be different.

To identify the nature of the fluid in the cysts of the mammary glands, it is used, or, as it is also called, a biopsy of the mammary glands.

This survey can be carried out in various ways. The most common method at the present stage is a puncture with the additional help of ultrasound.

The largest of the cysts is located on the ultrasound machine, a sensor is aimed at it, and the needle puncture enters the center of the neoplasm.

This allows you to get the most informative sampling of the material under study. The results of the puncture in this way are much better, and the time for manipulations associated with the examination is noticeably reduced.

Puncture for fibrocystic mastopathy can be performed both in public medical institutions and in certified private medical centers. After the biopsy, the resulting material is sent for cytological and histological analysis.

Also, a biopsy can be performed to remove fluid from the formations, or to inject drugs directly into the focus of the inflammatory process.

Carrying out a puncture does not provide for any preliminary preparations for the examination, however, in order to obtain a better result, experts recommend not using drugs that have a blood clotting effect, such as aspirin, before it.

Which doctor should I contact?

Visits to the mammologist for consultations and for preventive purposes, in principle, should be carried out annually to identify any pathologies, and in general to detect the disease at the earliest stages.

If any discomfort occurs, or suspicion of mastopathy during self-examination, an urgent appeal to a mammologist is necessary.

If the suspicions are confirmed, the scheme for contacting further doctors, and the general selection of treatment is determined strictly individually.

The attending physician independently determines the consultations and examination of which doctors are necessary in this case, the course of the disease.

Most often, in addition to mammological studies, the patient will need to contact a gynecologist, endocrinologist, neurologist and therapist. This will help to establish all the information about the woman's health, the causes of the disease, and determine further actions for the patient's speedy recovery.

In advanced cases, or if characteristic signs are found, the patient will need to be examined by an oncologist and pass all the necessary tests

Treatment

The methods and intensity of treatment largely depend on the time of detection of mastopathy, the degree to which the disease is located in a particular case. It is worth noting that the surgical treatment of this disease is the most extreme way, moreover, it does not eradicate the cause and focus of its occurrence.

The first step in the treatment of mastopathy is the normalization of the functions of the organs that affect the course of the disease, as well as the normalization of the patient's hormonal background.

The most common method of treating mastopathy is conservative observation with periodic examinations to monitor the development of the disease, and the appointment of a list of drugs that contribute to a speedy recovery.

The main purposes in the treatment of mastopathy:

Preparations

Commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of various types of mastopathy include:

1. anti-inflammatory drugs;
2. drugs that stimulate the outflow of venous blood;
3. antioxidant drugs;
4. preparations with natural extracts that regulate prolactin balance and improve the hormonal balance of the female body.

The treatment regimen is always strictly individual and can be detailed and calculated exclusively by the attending physician, a mammologist or a mammologist-oncologist.

In cases of a severely advanced stage of mastopathy, the mammary glands undergo surgical intervention.

With any disease, the body does not receive the minerals and vitamins it needs, which is why the complex treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy, in addition to taking medications, involves taking vitamin-mineral complexes. When choosing vitamins, you should avoid self-medication and consult with your doctor.

The selected vitamin complex must meet the following criteria:

Vitamin complexes must necessarily contain vitamins of groups A, E, C, D and B.

Also, in addition to taking vitamin-mineral complexes, the body of a woman suffering from mastopathy should receive foods, fruits and vegetables enriched with natural non-synthetic vitamins of these groups. Such as apricots, carrots, cheese, Brussels sprouts, sweet peppers, currants, rose hips, various types of fish, nuts and meat.

Massage

For quite a long time, scientists considered mastopathy a complete contraindication for massage not only of the chest area, but also of the back, but after a series of studies it turned out that massage not only does not harm the health of patients, but can also improve the clinical picture of the disease.

It can also slow down the degeneration of benign neoplasms into oncological ones. However, the decision on preventive massage for mastopathy should be carried out by a mammologist.

The goals of massage for diseases of the mammary glands are:

However, there are a number of clear contraindications for massage with mastopathy:

1. Suspicion of malignancy of neoplasms;
2. The presence of damage to the skin of the mammary glands, both of a traumatic nature, and damage associated with various inflammatory processes;
3. The presence of allergic rashes on the chest;
4. Patient's fever.

It is important to know that massage of the mammary glands should exclude the use of any force, and be carried out exclusively with soft kneading movements, by a specialist who knows the technique and features of massage for mastopathy.

The most effective massage for the cystic form of the disease.

There are also various self-massage techniques that allow you to identify the disease yourself even at the earliest stages. However, when performing a massage at home, a woman must strictly follow all the rules so as not to harm the mammary glands, and also have a clear understanding of palpation.

Mastopathy as a disease involves certain changes in the diet of a woman, and the introduction of a certain diet.

So, cocoa, chocolate and coffee should be excluded from the patient's diet.

The principles of therapeutic nutrition should be introduced, as well as the exclusion of all products containing methylxanthines in one way or another.

The diet of a woman with mastopathy should be rich in vegetables and fruits, which are the main sources of fiber and vitamins.

It is also worth adding fermented milk products, cereals, products that include bran and seafood to the menu as a source of vitamin E.

Removal of fibrocystic mastopathy

Medical removal of fibrocystic mastopathy- this is an extreme, radical way to eliminate the disease.

Mastopathy- the disease is diverse, and has many manifestations and forms of development, so there is no unambiguous answer to the question of whether surgical intervention is necessary in the treatment of mastopathy.

Surgical removal of mastopathy is necessary only in cases where the presence of nodes and glandular tissues, as well as the size of the neoplasms and the degree of neglect, are a direct indication for the removal of foci.

Many doctors consider pregnancy to be the best way to cure fibrocystic breast disease, and even recommend that women become pregnant in order to recover from breast diseases.

The thing is that during pregnancy, a woman’s body releases a lot, which contributes to the treatment of the disease, and the restoration of hormonal balance in the female body.

An important factor is also the fact that during the bearing of a child, the female body receives a kind of impetus to renew cells and improve the functioning of all vital systems.

Statistical studies show that more than 80 percent of women after pregnancy are completely cured of mastopathy. Also contributes to the cure of prolonged lactation.

This is due to the fact that during breastfeeding, the process of renewal of mammary gland tissues is accelerated, and fibrosis and seals resolve on their own.

After the birth of a child, a woman with a history of mastopathy must have a preventive consultation with the attending mammologist, since the risk of lactostasis and congestion in the diseased breast is very high, and can cause further development of the disease.

Mastopathy and menopause

There is no specific age interval at which a woman can begin, just as there is no specific moment at which a woman can develop mastopathy.

However, doctors note that the signs of the manifestation of mastopathy in the fair sex with menopause appear much brighter.

During menopause, they can no longer be confused with signs of pregnancy, or with premenstrual syndrome.

During menopause, women undergo huge hormonal changes, which can cause the formation of mastopathy, and the risk of this disease increases several times.

Treatment of mastopathy during menopause is developed exclusively on an individual basis, and most often it is a combination of various drugs, hormonal and non-hormonal in nature. For the treatment of mammary glands, courses of antioxidants, vitamin A or beta-carotene, homeopathic remedies with proven effectiveness, can also be prescribed.

Mastopathy and IVF

The opinions of specialists about in vitro fertilization in fibrocystic mastopathy are sharply different.

From the opinion that this step can serve as a degeneration of benign neoplasms into an oncological disease, to the opinion that pregnancy that occurs with the help of IVF will normalize the hormonal state of the female body and contribute to a complete cure for the disease.

The danger of in vitro fertilization with mastopathy lies in the fact that during the preparatory procedures for artificial insemination, a woman is prescribed strong stimulating hormonal therapy, which can both cause new pathologies in the mammary glands and increase existing neoplasms.

What is dangerous?

Mastopathy of any kind and at any stage can serve as a favorable environment for the development of oncological diseases, and as you know, breast cancer is the most common and leading cause of death among women.

Therefore, you should be attentive to your health, and conduct annual examinations for diseases of the mammary glands, as well as conduct an independent examination of the breast.

The mammary glands are composed of several types of tissue, including glandular, connective and adipose, and the ratio of these tissues, as well as the shape and size of the breast, change throughout life.

But in some cases, the histological structure of the mammary glands is disturbed, certain types of tissue begin to grow, cysts, seals and tumors form.

The most common disease associated with such pathologies is called fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands, or FCM.

The diagnosis of fibrocystic mastopathy, or FCM, is the general name for benign diseases of the mammary glands, which are characterized by the development of seals and cysts in the structures of the organ. Most often they occur due to a violation of the ratio between epithelial and connective tissue.

This pathology is observed in about half of women of reproductive age, and with age (after 40-45 years), the likelihood of developing FCM increases.

Despite the fact that fibrocystic mastopathy refers to benign pathologies, some forms of the disease have a fairly high risk of malignancy, that is, the transformation of benign neoplasms into malignant ones.

Causes of FKM

Among the reasons for the development of fibrocystic mastopathy are:

• hormonal changes (precocious puberty, menopause);
• pathological course of pregnancy, its absence or frequent abortions;
• lack or early interruption of breastfeeding;
• metabolic disorder (diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, overweight);
• violations of the liver;
• diseases of the genitourinary system, gynecological diseases;
• improper or uncontrolled intake of hormonal drugs.

As a rule, the development of the disease requires the presence of several factors from this list, and an unhealthy lifestyle and frequent stress increase the risk.

Classification

Fibrocystic mastopathy can have several forms: some are characterized by the predominance of glandular tissue, others by the growth of fibrous tissue or the appearance of cysts. In addition, a mixed and nodular form of the disease is distinguished, each of which has its own characteristics and symptoms.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast depend on the form of the disease, its severity, the general health of the woman and other factors.

In the early stages of the disease, there may be no symptoms at all.

But as the pathology develops, women experience unpleasant sensations of a different nature.

1. Pain in the chest. Pain in FKM can be intense or weak, pulling, stabbing or sharp. At the beginning, discomfort may occur before the onset of menstrual bleeding, which women usually regard as a manifestation of premenstrual syndrome, but subsequently the pain becomes a constant companion. Sometimes the pain is so strong that even the slightest touch on the chest causes great suffering.
2. Feeling of heaviness in the mammary glands. One of the symptoms of FCM is a feeling of heaviness, hardening and swelling of the breast, and this symptom can also disappear or appear depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle.
3. The presence of nodules and seals in the structure of the mammary glands. Neoplasms can resemble small nodules ranging in size from a few millimeters to a walnut, which are filled with fluid. Usually they are palpable under the skin even with self-palpation of the chest.
4. Discharge from nipples. A characteristic, but optional symptom of mastopathy, which can also have different intensity. Sometimes discharge occurs only after squeezing the nipple, or appears on its own, as evidenced by stains on clothing. They can have a different shade, depending on which the doctor determines the stage of the pathological process and concomitant diseases.

The greenish tint of the discharge indicates the attachment of a secondary infection, and the bloody or brown liquid is the most unfavorable symptom, as it may indicate the development of a malignant tumor.

Diagnostics

When symptoms of the disease appear, a woman should contact a mammologist as soon as possible to make a final diagnosis. Diagnosis includes external examination and palpation of the mammary glands, as well as x-rays or ultrasound (sonography).

Signs of cystic fibrous mastopathy

Ultrasound can detect even the smallest seals with a diameter of no more than 1-2 mm. If these diagnostic measures showed the presence of neoplasms, the doctor directs the woman to a tissue puncture to exclude cancerous tumors.

Soreness in the mammary glands can be felt both in healthy women and in the presence of pathologies. may indicate a change in the hormonal background, and may also be a sign of a neoplasm.

In what cases is the removal of breast fibroadenoma in a woman indicated, we will tell.

Scheduled for a breast biopsy? You can read more about the essence of the study and the methodology of the study.

FCM treatment

Therapy for fibrocystic mastopathy is prescribed exclusively by a doctor, and depends on the intensity of the symptoms, the type and stage of the disease, as well as its underlying cause.

Conservative treatment includes taking the following medications:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (with severe pain in the chest area);
• hormonal drugs (in particular, oral contraceptives) are prescribed in cases where the disease is caused by changes in the hormonal background;
• diuretics are necessary for severe swelling of the mammary glands;
• herbal medicine is effective in the early stages of the disease, when the symptoms are not too pronounced;
• multivitamins are indicated for general support of the body and supplying it with the necessary elements.

Taking medications for FCM requires constant medical supervision, careful monitoring of the "behavior" of neoplasms and general health.

Surgical treatment is prescribed only for the nodular form of the disease in cases where there is a rapid growth of neoplasms, there is a high risk of their malignancy (development into oncology) or in the presence of contraindications to drug therapy. In this case, a part of the breast is removed under general or local anesthesia.

Many women use folk remedies for the treatment of FCM, mainly herbal decoctions of the red brush, sage, nettle, hemlock.

Despite the fact that they are considered safe for health, it is necessary to consult a specialist before use.

Pregnancy and FCM

Many women with a similar diagnosis (especially those who do not have a history of pregnancies) are worried about how mastopathy will affect the course of pregnancy and whether it is possible in this case to conceive and give birth to a healthy child.

It should be noted that pregnancy with FCM is not only possible, but also desirable, since hormonal changes occur in a woman's body for nine months, which can serve as a stimulus for the normalization of hormonal levels.

Especially useful for women suffering from mastopathy, prolonged breastfeeding, as it brings significant relief, and in some cases, cysts and seals completely resolve.

Prevention of mastopathy

In the presence of hormonal disorders or gynecological pathologies, it is urgent to consult a doctor and undergo appropriate treatment.

Nutrition should be balanced, but varied, and include vegetables (especially cabbage, spinach and tomatoes), fruits, berries, and legumes.

Fatty meats, high-cholesterol foods, junk food, and sugary sodas should be kept to a minimum and, if possible, eliminated altogether. Finally, every woman should familiarize herself with self-diagnostic methods that can detect breast diseases in the early stages and minimize the risk of complications.

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The only remedy for MASTOPATHY recommended by our subscribers!

A common pathology, manifested as a result of the appearance of cysts and seals in the mammary gland, does not always become an object of concern for women. This is fibrocystic mastopathy, or in an abbreviated version - FCM, the disease is invisible at first, but far from harmless, so you need to know about it.

Varieties of fibrocystic mastopathy

In medical practice, 3 forms of mastopathy similar in clinical manifestations are considered.

• Mastalgia. It is considered the initial manifestation of fibrocystic mastopathy without seals, but with the appearance of severe pain localized inside the mammary glands.
• Nodal form. Concentrated in a specific sector of the mammary gland.

Diffuse mastopathy. This type of pathology has pronounced signs in the form of seals and cysts throughout the area of ​​​​the mammary glands. According to the classification, it is divided into certain subspecies:

• fibrous mastopathy, characterized by the presence of seals;
• cystic mastopathy with a predominance of cysts;
• fibrocystic mastopathy with the presence of almost equal proportions of both types of pathological formations.

Diagnostics

Self-examination through regular palpation of the entire volume of the mammary glands should become an obligatory ritual for women of different ages. Often it is precisely such simple manipulations that make it possible to detect mastopathy.

Professional diagnostic methods include several highly effective types:

• Ultrasound can detect the presence of cysts and pathogenic nodes.
• Mammography, thanks to the images obtained in two projections, gives an accurate picture of the disease.
• MRI is prescribed in particularly difficult cases to clarify the diagnosis if mastopathy is suspected.
• Ductography is an additional X-ray examination of the ducts, into which a special contrast agent is first introduced. The indication is the appearance of bloody discharge in the absence of obvious tumor formations.
• A biopsy is required to exclude suspicion of malignant neoplasms.
• Doppler sonography gives an idea of ​​the state of the vessels.

Mastopathy, including the fibrocystic variety in the uncomplicated version, practically does not become an obstacle to the normal course of pregnancy. It was noted that a decrease in the production of estrogens during this period makes it possible to smooth out the manifestations of the pathology.

Causes of mastopathy

The dominant impetus for the appearance of pathologies of the mammary glands is hormonal imbalance. Its essence lies in the excess of estrogen levels with a deficiency of progesterone. Hormonal negative harbingers of pathology may appear in the form of prolactin production in excess of the norm, which, in turn, becomes a catalyst for increased sensitivity to estrogens.

A number of factors precede failures in the hormonal system, which subsequently become provocateurs of mastopathy:

• late birth of the first child (30 years and older);
• failure to breastfeed;
• taking hormone-containing dosage forms;
• miscarriages;
• inflammation, as well as polycystic ovaries;
• vitamin deficiency;
• irregular periods;
• stress "bursts";
• abortions;
• obesity;
• early menopause;
• pathology of the stomach, liver, thyroid gland, intestines.

Women who have gone through several births are at risk, and they also require close monitoring of a patient with congenital disorders of the functioning of the reproductive system. In order to assess the consequences of a rather serious illness and to undergo treatment for mastopathy in a timely manner, it is necessary to be examined more often in the presence of osteochondrosis, localized in the thoracic region, as well as smoking ladies.

Symptoms of FCM

The onset of pathological changes in the mammary gland often goes unnoticed, since the signs of mastopathy practically do not manifest themselves or are disguised as the usual discomfort that accompanies the menstrual cycle. The growth of nodular seals in parallel with the appearance of one or many cysts over time signals itself in various ways:

• Edema due to obstructed venous flow provokes more than usual swelling before menstruation with marked roughening of the breast.
• Pain manifestations of varying severity and nature, radiating to the shoulder, shoulder blade area, to the armpit area.
• Painful soreness of the nipples.
• Discharge, often irregular, with a whitish or brownish tint. Bloody marks require an immediate visit to a specialist.
• Some patients have pain in regional lymph nodes with signs of swelling.

A complex of therapeutic measures for mastopathy

Therapy in case of detection of FCM is always complex, allowing to treat the disease in several important areas:

• bringing the hormonal background back to normal with the help of medicines;
• leveling stress manifestations;
• diet therapy.

Having made a diagnosis with the establishment of the root cause of mastopathy, the doctor decides which group of medications will be needed to normalize the hormonal balance and, if possible, cure the identified fibrocystic mastopathy. It can be:

• means that help eliminate malfunctions in the functioning of the thyroid gland;
• drugs that smooth out the negative effects of excessive estrogens;
• medicines aimed at restoring liver function;
• homeopathic medicines.

Non-hormonal herbal medicines that allow you to treat the initial manifestations of breast pathology are selected by a specialist. Taken according to a well-designed scheme, they give good results. Timely treatment of mastopathy leads to a decrease in pain, softening of the nodes. The cystic, excessively enlarged membrane gradually resolves. The list of such medicines includes both local preparations and their combinations selected by the doctor:

• Mamoklam;
• Mastodinon;
• Klamin;
• Mastoprof - tea;
• Fitolon;
• Mastopol;
• Cyclodynon.

In order for the treatment of mastopathy to be effective, an indispensable condition is the inclusion in the complex of vitamins E, A, along with mineral trace elements in the form of selenium, iodine. Painkillers are needed if the pain is of a pronounced acute nature. According to indications, sedative drugs are selected, which make it possible to treat nervous breakdowns.

For external rubbing, an extensive list of creams, as well as gel-like formulations, is offered. High efficiency in FKM gives treatment with Mastocrel. Its structural formula includes only natural components - horse chestnut, nettle, celandine. It contains aloe and walnut.

If gentle methods are ineffective, then it is necessary to treat complicated forms of fibrocystic mastopathy with additional contraceptives that are part of the progestogen group. Their dosage form is quite diverse - injections, subcutaneous implants, tablets with a specific dosage regimen.

Hormone therapy helps to stabilize many processes. The prescribed treatment is carried out strictly according to individual indications, taking into account the diagnosis, the key signs of mastopathy and the identified root causes. In the absence of ovulation in women under 35 years old, it helps to normalize hormonal fluctuations and level mastopathy Marvelon, as well as Jeanine, taken according to a specific scheme.

Approximately before the end of the menstrual cycle, gestagens are taken - Duphaston, Utrozhestan. Their task is to treat breast disease by supplementing the missing progesterones. Popular in medical practice is the hormone-containing gel Progestogel, as well as Mamma-gel, which has a vegetable-oil base with extracts of geranium, thuja, and exotic tea tree.

Dieting

An important role in medical practice in the elimination of FCM is assigned to a well-organized diet. Coffee or tea lovers need to reduce their consumption so that substances that provoke swelling of the mammary gland do not enter the body.

Particular trouble delivers women who have been diagnosed with fibrocystic mastopathy, sluggish peristalsis. Due to untimely emptying in the rectum, estrogens are absorbed back into the circulatory systems. The hormonal balance in the body is disturbed, and the disease progresses rapidly. It will complement the treatment and it will be useful for the body to introduce sufficient amounts of natural products with fiber into the daily menu (this helps to eliminate problems with the intestines).

They will help smooth out the signs of FKM and normalize the outflow of blood through the veins of rowan berries, rose hips, which contain vitamin P along with many useful substances. Cherries and raspberries are also included in this series, the use of which eliminates puffiness. Doctors recommend limiting animal fats that affect estrogen levels. Forbidden with mastopathy alcohol, you can not eat fried, pickled, spicy foods, drink carbonated drinks.

Surgery

The decision on surgical intervention is made when a complete and accurate diagnosis is made. Surgical treatment becomes necessary if a large fibroadenoma is detected, and there is also a serious threat of malignant degeneration of the detected tumor. Also, such an intervention will be needed if fibrocystic formations rapidly increase in size. It is possible to remove nodular mastopathy in case of its recurrence.

There are 2 types of operations:

• Enucleation refers to a gentle technique for removing benign formations of small sizes. A short incision is made and the tumor is removed by exfoliation. All functions are fully preserved.
• Sectoral resection of the mammary gland involves excision of part of the surrounding tissues in parallel with the removal of the tumor. Such an operation is shown for large formations when signs of fibroadenoma degeneration are detected.
• Laser ablation allows you to purposefully burn out fibrous cells without injuring healthy tissues. The operation does not require a long recovery period, it is often performed on an outpatient basis. Such treatment of FCM is considered safe and does not leave traumatic consequences.

Folk remedies

Comprehensive treatment, which includes drugs of natural origin, enhances the effect of drugs and effectively eliminates fibrocystic mastopathy.

• In a dark place for 7 days, insist on 70% alcohol juice of aloe and radish mixed with corn oil. All ingredients are taken in equal volume fractions. Drink half an hour before meals three times a day, 1 tablespoon. Promotes the resorption of tumors.
• It is useful for mastopathy 1 hour before bedtime to drink brewed mint, you can mix it with lemon balm. Cabbage leaves have a beneficial effect on the condition of the chest, which, after cutting off the hard veins, are applied to the chest, you can - directly into the bra. It is convenient to do such a therapeutic compress in the evening and leave until the morning. There is a break after 2 weeks. If the disease progresses, the course of treatment is repeated after 20 days.
• You can use a mixture of pumpkin and cabbage for a compress from mastopathy by scrolling them in a meat grinder. After applying it to the chest, cover it with a moisture-proof film from above and carefully fix it with a wide bandage. Washes off after 2 hours. Enough 7-mi daily procedures.
• Infuse for 10 days in a glass dish 100 g of crushed dry burdock leaves, filled with 300 ml of refined sunflower oil. Such a tool is used to lubricate the chest.
• Make a phytocollection of sage, nettle, wormwood and plantain (in a ratio of 1:1:2:2, respectively). In the morning, pour a pinch of the product with 1 cup of boiling water, cover with a towel. Strain after 1 hour. Drink in 3 doses during the day.
• You can boil 100 g of dill seeds in half a liter of milk. Insist under a warm blanket for 2 hours. After straining, divide into 3 servings, which are drunk half an hour before meals. It helps with cystic form of mastopathy. The course lasts 3 weeks, then you need to take a week break. Repeat if necessary again.

Consequences of FKM

Timely noticed fibrocystic mastopathy does not significantly affect the normal functioning of the mammary glands. Of course, pain and general weakness give women severe discomfort.

The danger appears if the diagnosis indicates, along with an increase in the size of the tumor or cyst, their degeneration into a malignant formation. Signs of cancer are not always detected, but the likelihood of pathological changes is quite high, therefore, if fibrocystic mastopathy is suspected, you should consult a doctor for help as soon as possible and treat FCM strictly following their recommendations.

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Before proceeding with the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM) of the mammary glands, we will explain in detail what this disease is.

The duration of the operation is 40 minutes.

Diet for mastopathy

When treating fibrocystic mastopathy, doctors pay attention to the patient's nutrition. After all, products can affect the hormonal regulation of metabolic processes in the body.

Healthy foods:

• cabbage - it contains all the necessary vitamins necessary for fibrocystic mastopathy. Blocks the entry of estrogen into the tissues. Cabbage is best eaten raw;
• oranges, apricots, lingonberries and blueberries - contain many vitamins, macro- and microelements. In summer, you need to include fruits and berries in your diet.
• vegetables (especially tomatoes, dill and spinach) - rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals that affect the gastrointestinal tract.

From drinks you need to drink milk, tea or a drink from fruits / berries.

If you have been diagnosed with fibrocystic breast disease, then you need to be attentive to high-calorie foods.

Eliminate from your diet

• any kind of meat;
• crisps;
• sweet drinks;
• fast foods;
• foods containing cholesterol and sugar.

Mastopathy or fibrocystic disease is a pathology that causes a benign growth of breast tissue. Most often, fibroadenomatosis is diagnosed in women suffering from neuroendocrine disorders, dysfunction of the organs of the reproductive system.

The main cause of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands is a violation of the level of sex and thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland. In patients, an increase in the concentration of prolactin, androgens and estradiol in the blood is detected. At the same time, the content of progesterone, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone is lowered, but there are no characteristic manifestations of hypothyroidism. Usually fibrous mastopathy appears against the background of the following pathologies:

• adnexitis - inflammation of the appendages;
• diseases of the thyroid gland, liver;
• diabetes.

High levels of prolactin contribute to the growth of breast tissue. This condition is accompanied by a violation of the menstrual cycle, lack of ovulation, ovarian dysfunction.

The provoking factors of fibrocystic mastopathy include:

• hereditary predisposition;
• late birth;
• the woman did not breastfeed the child;
• irregular sex life;
• a large number of abortions;
• stress, nervous disorders;
• mammary gland injuries.

In such women, the risk of developing symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy increases by 7–8 times, the treatment of which requires an individual, integrated approach.

Clinical symptoms of the disease

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast (FCM) has the following symptoms:

• chest pain that worsens during menstruation;
• secretion of a clear or bloody secret from the nipples;
• the appearance of areas of compaction in the mammary gland.

The pain syndrome may be present constantly or appear during menstruation. Nodes are single or multiple, depending on the form of the disease. These formations can be identified by palpation.

Forms of mastopathy

Mastopathy of the mammary gland is diffuse and nodular. In the diffuse form, a fibrous lesion of the connective tissue occurs, many small cysts are formed, inside of which there are cystadenomas (papillomas). There may be hyperplasia of the lobules and tubules, cell sclerosis. Most often there is a bilateral lesion of both mammary glands.

The diffuse fibrocystic form of mastopathy is characterized by breast compaction, the formation of a large number of cysts of small size, soft, elastic to the touch. Symptoms intensify during menstruation and practically disappear after the end of critical days. There is a feeling of heaviness, fullness, unexpressed pain. The x-ray clearly shows the cysts, which can be up to 6 cm in diameter.

With a nodular form of mastopathy, rounded seals are formed inside the gland: fibromatosis, adenofibroma, adenosis, fibroadenoma. Neoplasms are mobile, elastic, not associated with the skin, gradually increase in size. Symptoms appear the same regardless of the menstrual cycle.

Fibrocystic and nodular mastopathy can develop simultaneously, causing tissue proliferation and the formation of cysts, seals. Any form of the disease can serve as a provoking factor for the degeneration of atypical breast cells into a cancerous tumor. Therefore, women should regularly conduct an examination with a mammologist for the timely detection of the disease.

Diagnostic methods

How is fibrocystic mastopathy diagnosed and treated? The doctor performs an examination of the patient, palpates the chest, regional lymph nodes, collects an anamnesis. Violation of the menstrual cycle, hereditary predisposition, previous abortions, pathological births are important. The doctor finds out the relationship of menstruation with pain, the appearance of discharge from the mammary glands, the color and consistency of the secret.

Additionally, ultrasound, chest X-ray, mammography, pneumocystography of the mammary glands are prescribed to detect changes in the connective tissue, nodes, cysts. Diagnostic studies for women of reproductive age who do not take oral contraceptives are carried out on the 8-14th day of the menstrual cycle, when menstruation completely ends.

Cystic mastopathy of the mammary glands is determined by digital mammography. This diagnostic method can show the smallest cysts and seals, detect the disease at an early stage.

With fibrocystic mastopathy, ultrasound determines the compaction of the connective tissue, the expansion of the ducts of the mammary glands, and the multiple formation of small cysts. Before pneumocystography, fluid is removed from the cyst cavity with a thin needle, then the resulting cavity is filled with gas. After that, an x-ray of the mammary gland is taken in several projections. The study can show the size, parameters of the cyst, analyze the internal walls of the capsule and the degree of pathological processes.

To exclude a cancerous tumor, to distinguish cysts from adenomas, a fine-needle biopsy of the contents of the cysts, secreted from the glands, is performed. A biochemical blood test helps to determine the level of sex and thyroid hormones.

Systemic hormonal treatment of mastopathy

How to treat fibrocystic mastopathy in women? The traditional method of therapy is carried out with a diffuse form of the disease and after surgery, for this, both hormonal and non-hormonal agents are used. In the presence of concomitant diseases, it is necessary to consult a specialized specialist and conduct appropriate treatment.

Taking hormones is indicated when the balance of androgens, estrogens, prolactin, thyroxine or thyrotropin is disturbed. Preparations and dosage are selected by the attending physician, and constant monitoring of hormonal balance is necessary. Fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland lends itself well to this method of treatment.

How to treat the disease? As drugs for systemic hormone therapy use:

• Antiestrogens (Tamoxifen, Fariston) reduce the activity of estrogen receptors in breast tissues, reducing the biological activity of the hormone.
• Combined monophasic oral contraceptives suppress the process of ovulation, the synthesis of androgens, estrogens. Marvelon, Femoden with fibrocystic mastopathy are taken for at least 3 months. If necessary, Primolut is additionally prescribed.

• Prolactin secretion inhibitors - Bromocriptine, Parlodel are indicated for elevated prolactin levels. Begin reception with the minimum dosages. The drugs have many side effects.
• Gestagens (Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Norethisterone) inhibit the pituitary-ovarian connection, reducing the effect of estrogens on breast tissue. Such drugs are especially indicated for patients with uterine myoma, anovulatory bleeding.

• Danazol with fibrocystic mastopathy inhibits the production of gonadotropic hormone, promotes the alignment of gland tissues. But the drug has many side effects, after its use relapses occur.
• Analogues of gonadotropin (Norkolut, Pregnin) lower the level of testosterone, estrogen. The indication for their appointment is a severe form of fibrocystic mastopathy, if other methods of therapy have not given positive results.

As a result of the use of systemic hormonal therapy, the signs of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland decrease, seals dissolve, diffuse tissue growth stops, pain is relieved, and the menstrual cycle is restored.

The treatment is long, it can take from 3-6 months to 2 years, the effectiveness is 70-95%. The regimen for taking hormonal drugs is selected by the doctor, taking into account the causes and severity of the disease.

Conservative methods of treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy

Women in whom fibrous tissue changes do not cause discomfort do not need special therapy. It is enough to conduct an analysis that excludes oncology, regular mammography, and lifestyle changes.

Non-hormonal treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy is indicated if the form of the disease is moderately severe. Therapy consists in the need to abandon bad habits, exercise, and maintain proper nutrition. It is necessary to refuse:

• animal fats;
• fried and smoked food;
• semi-finished products;
• alcohol;
• strong tea;
• coffee;
• completely eliminate carbohydrates.

The diet should contain more fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy products and seafood. If the functioning of the thyroid gland is disturbed, the consumption of meat is limited.

To reduce the pain syndrome in fibrocystic mastopathy, women are prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Brufen), they are taken in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. The indicated means reduce puffiness, inflammation, and promote the resorption of seals.

Scientists have proven that disruption of the digestive tract contributes to the development of cancer and fibrocystic mastopathy of the breast, since the deterioration of peristalsis slows down the process of estrogen utilization. Therefore, women need to consume foods rich in vegetable fiber, at least 1.5 liters of fluid per day.

Conservative treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy must necessarily include the intake of vitamins PP, E, A, B, C, selenium, zinc, sedatives. The vitamin-mineral complex has a beneficial effect on hormonal balance, improves blood circulation, and helps reduce swelling of the mammary gland. Selenium, zinc, tocopherol have an antioxidant effect, prevent the degeneration of cells into malignant tumors.

In the premenstrual period, women suffering from bilateral fibrocystic mastopathy may experience significant swelling of the face and limbs. Such patients are shown taking diuretic drugs, diuretic herbal teas, and salt intake should also be limited.

Plant adaptogens are effective in mastopathy - Eleutherococcus, Radiola pink. These drugs saturate the body with vitamins, increase immunity, strengthen the nervous system, and normalize blood pressure. You need to take the medicine for at least 4 months.

Surgical method of treatment

If other methods of treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy do not give results, the disease progresses, then surgery is indicated. Resection of large nodes is carried out, after which the material is sent for histological examination. In case of detection of cancer cells, the mammary gland is completely removed, chemotherapy is prescribed. If the seals are benign, a course of conservative therapy is carried out after the operation.

When, as a result of diagnostics by pneumocystography, the growth of the epithelium inside the cyst is detected, the presence of atypical cells, surgical intervention and subsequent drug treatment are prescribed. In the case of multiple formation of cysts or nodes, an extended resection or subcutaneous mastectomy is performed.

After the therapy, women are forbidden to stay in the sun for a long time, visit the sauna, solarium, and take physiotherapeutic procedures. It is important to avoid stress, maintain immunity.

Folk remedies for mastopathy

How to cure fibrocystic mastopathy with folk remedies? Non-traditional methods can only be used in combination with the main treatment and with the permission of the attending physician. Phytotherapy, homeopathic remedies help strengthen the body's immune defenses, normalize hormonal levels, and restore the menstrual cycle.

White cabbage has earned positive reviews among women. The plant is rich in zinc, selenium, contains all the necessary vitamins for tissue metabolism. Unique vitamin U has antitumor properties, has a powerful antioxidant effect.

Cabbage leaf is applied to the mammary gland as a compress at night. Pre-lubricated with honey or butter. The procedure is done daily from the moment of the onset of menstruation for 7 days. This recipe should not be used by women who are allergic to bee products.

Since the disease can be caused by stressful conditions, it is useful to drink soothing decoctions from valerian, motherwort, and lemon balm in the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland. Tea from blackcurrant, rosehip, citrus fruits, chokeberry contributes to the normalization of blood circulation, blood pressure, and strengthening of blood vessels.

Treatment with folk remedies restores the functioning of the ovaries, helps with infertility, uterine bleeding. One such method is red brush therapy. This medicinal plant contains essential oils, bioflavonoids, minerals and vitamins that normalize the balance of sex hormones and metabolic processes in the body. After applying the red brush, women note a decrease in soreness of the mammary glands, a cessation of the growth of nodes, discharge from the nipples.

Prevention of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands

Women of reproductive age before menopause need to undergo mammography once every 2 years, examination by a gynecologist and mammologist. After menopause, preventive measures are shown annually.

At home, regular self-examination and palpation of the mammary glands should be carried out. A change in size, the appearance of discharge from the nipples, painful knots in the chest is a reason for an urgent visit to the doctor. Fibrocystic mastopathy at an early stage is manifested by compaction of the gland, pain during menstruation. A woman may find nodules. After the end of menstruation, the symptoms disappear.

It is important to choose the right bra, you should give preference to natural cotton materials. Underwear should not squeeze and deform the chest.

An important measure for the prevention of mastopathy is the timely treatment of infectious, inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, the prevention of abortion. During lactation, the development of mastitis should not be allowed.

Fibrocystic form of mastopathy is a disease that requires urgent treatment. Delaying a visit to the doctor, uncontrolled intake of medications can worsen the condition of a woman, lead to the degeneration of benign nodes into a cancerous tumor.

Bibliography

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