Characteristics in an official business style. Formal business style of speech

Used to compose documents, letters and business papers in institutions, courts and in any type of oral business communication, this is an official business style of speech.

general characteristics

This is a long-established, stable and rather closed style. Of course, it too underwent some changes over time, but they were insignificant. Genres that have developed historically, specific syntactic turns, morphology and vocabulary give it a rather conservative character.

To characterize the official business style, the language must be given dryness, compactness of speech, conciseness and the removal of emotionally charged words. Linguistic means already exist in a complete set for every case: these are the so-called language stamps or cliches.

List of some documents that require official business style:

international treaties;
government acts;
legal laws;
various regulations;
military regulations and charters of enterprises;
instructions of all kinds;
official correspondence;
various business papers.

General characteristics of linguistic style

Genres can be diverse, content can be different, but the official business style also has common essential features. First and foremost: the statement must be accurate. If the possibility of different interpretations is allowed, this is no longer an official business style. There are examples even in fairy tales: execution cannot be pardoned. The only thing missing is a comma, but the consequences of this error can go very far.

To avoid such situations, there is a second main feature that the official business style of documents contains - this is the language standard. It is he who helps to choose lexical, morphological, syntactic language means when drawing up business documents.

The order of words in a sentence is particularly strict and conservatistic; here much goes against the direct word order inherent in the structure of the Russian language. The subject precedes the predicate (for example, the goods are sold), and definitions become stronger than the word being defined (for example, credit relations), the control word comes before the controlled word (for example, allocate a loan).

Each member of a sentence usually has a place unique to it, which is determined by the structure of the sentence and its type, its own role among other words, interaction and relationships with them. And the characteristic features of the official business style are long chains of genitive cases, for example: the address of the Head of the Territory Administration.

Vocabulary of style

The dictionary system includes, in addition to commonly used bookish neutral words, certain clichés - clericalisms, that is, linguistic cliches. This is part of the formal business style. For example: based on a decision, incoming documents, outgoing documents, upon expiration of a deadline, control over execution, and so on.

Here we cannot do without professional vocabulary, which includes neologisms: shadow business, arrears, black cash, alibi, and so on. The official business style also includes the inclusion of some archaisms in the lexical structure, for example: this document, I certify with it.

However, the use of polysemantic words and words that have a figurative meaning is strictly prohibited. There are very few synonyms and they are included in the official business style extremely rarely. For example, solvency and creditworthiness, supply and delivery, as well as collateral, depreciation and amortization, subsidy and appropriation.

This reflects social experience, not individual experience, so the vocabulary is generalized. The conceptual series prefers generic concepts that fit well into the official business style. Examples: arrive instead of arrive, arrive, fly in, and so on; a vehicle instead of a car, plane, train, bus or dog sled; settlement instead of a village, a city, the capital of Siberia, a village of chemists, and so on.

So, the following elements of lexical constructions belong to the official business style.

A high percentage of terminology in the texts: legal - law, owner and property, registration, transfer and acceptance of objects, privatization, deed, lease, and so on; economic - costs, subsidies, budget, purchase and sale, income, expenses, and so on; economic and legal - sequestration, implementation period, property rights, loan repayment, and so on.
The nominal nature of the construction of speech due to the large number of verbal nouns, most often denoting a material action: shipment of goods, deferment of payment, and so on.
High frequency of prepositional combinations and denominate prepositions: to the address, by force, in relation to the matter, by measure, and so on.
Changing participles into adjectives and pronouns to enhance clerical meanings: this contract (or rules), current prices, appropriate measures, and so on.
Regulated lexical compatibility: the transaction is only concluded, and the price is set, the right is granted, and the payment is made.

Morphology of style

Morphological features of the official business style include, first of all, the frequency (repeated) use of certain parts of speech, as well as their types, which help in the language’s desire for accuracy and ambiguity of statements. For example, these:

nouns that name people based on action (tenant, taxpayer, witness);
nouns that call people by position or rank, including women strictly in the masculine form (salesman Sidorova, librarian Petrova, sergeant Ivanova, inspector Krasutskaya, and so on);
particle non- in verbal nouns (non-compliance, non-recognition);
the use of derivative prepositions in a wide range (due to, in connection with, to the extent of, by virtue of, on the basis of, in relation to, and so on);
constructions in the infinitive (to provide assistance, to conduct an inspection);
present tense of verbs in a different meaning (a fine will be charged for non-payment);
complex words with two or more stems (employer, tenant, repair and maintenance, material and technical, below-mentioned, above-mentioned, and so on).

Style syntax

The characteristics of the official business style consist of the following syntactic features:

Simple sentences are used with many series of homogeneous members. For example: An administrative penalty may include fines for violations of labor protection and safety regulations in construction, industry, agriculture and transport in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
There are passive structures of this type: payments are made strictly at the specified time.
Nouns prefer the genitive case and are strung with beads: the results of the activities of customs control units.
Complex sentences are filled with conditional clauses: in cases of subscribers’ disagreement with the processing of their personal data in terms of the methods and purposes of processing or in full, subscribers sign a corresponding statement when concluding a contract.

The sphere of official business style in genre diversity

Here, first, you need to highlight two areas of subject matter: official-documentary and everyday-business styles.

1. The official documentary style is divided into two categories: legislative documents related to the work of government bodies - the Constitution, charters, laws - this is one language (J), and diplomatic acts related to international relations - memoranda, communiqués, statements, conventions are a different language (K).

2. Everyday business style is also subdivided: correspondence between organizations and institutions is the j language, and private business papers are the k language. The genres of everyday business style include all official correspondence - commercial correspondence, business letters, as well as business papers - autobiography, certificate, act, certificate, statement, protocol, receipt, power of attorney, and so on. Standardization, characteristic of these genres, facilitates the preparation of papers, saves language resources and prevents information redundancy.

Standardization of business papers

Specially selected words in an official business style ensure communicative precision, giving documents legal force. Any piece of text must have a single interpretation and meaning. For such high accuracy, the same words, terms, names are repeated many times.

The form of the verbal noun complements the features of the official business style with an analytical expression of actions and processes: instead of the word “supplement” the phrase “make additions” is used, instead of “decide” - “make decisions” and so on. How much harsher it sounds to be “responsible” instead of just “responsible.”

Generalization and abstraction to the highest degree and at the same time the specific meaning of the entire lexical structure are the main features of the official business style. This inconceivable combination, used simultaneously, gives the document the possibility of a single interpretation and, in the totality of information, legal force. The texts themselves are full of terms and procedural vocabulary, and, for example, appendices to contracts contain nomenclature vocabulary. Questionnaires and registers, applications and specifications help terminology to be deciphered.

In addition to emotionally charged text, the use of any swear words, reduced vocabulary, jargon, or colloquial expressions in documents is unacceptable. Even professional jargon is inappropriate in the language of business correspondence. And most of all, because it does not meet the requirements of accuracy, since it is assigned strictly to the sphere of oral communication.

Oral business speech

The unemotional and dry logic of texts, the standard arrangement of material on paper differs significantly from oral speech, which is usually emotionally charged and asymmetrical according to the principles of textual organization. If oral speech is emphatically logical, the communication environment is clearly official.

The peculiarities of the official business style are that oral business communication, despite the professional topic, should proceed in the sphere of positive emotions - sympathy, trust, respect, goodwill.

This style can be considered in its varieties: clerical and business style is simpler, but the language of public administration, diplomatic or legal requires special attention. The areas of communication in these cases are completely different, so the style of communication must also be different. Statements, protocols, orders, decrees - everything that is thought out, written down, read, is not as dangerous as oral negotiations, business meetings, public speaking, and so on. The word, like a sparrow, cannot be caught if it flies out.

The main features of the formal business style of speech are brevity, accuracy and influence. To achieve these goals, you will need an appropriate selection of words, correctly composed structures, correct syntax, and standardization in your mind of entire blocks of prepared speech. Just as in written business text, there is no place for emotionally charged vocabulary in oral speech. It is better to choose a neutral one, to be closer to the standards of clerical language means in order to accurately state what is planned.

Requisites

The most striking characteristic of the official business style is not even the text itself, but all the essential elements of its design - the details. Each type of document has its own information set, provided for by GOST. Each element is strictly assigned to a specific place on the form. The date, name, registration number, information about the compiler and all other details are always located the same way - some at the top of the sheet, others at the bottom.

The number of details depends on the content and type of document. The sample form shows the maximum details and the order in which they are located on the document. These are the State Emblem of the Russian Federation, emblems of an organization or enterprise, images of government awards, code of an organization, enterprise or institution (All-Russian classifier of enterprises and organizations - OKPO), document form code (All-Russian classifier of management documentation - OKUD) and so on.

Stencilization

Machine processing, computerized office work - a new era in the process of standardization. Economic and socio-political life is becoming more complex, technological progress is gaining momentum, therefore the features of the official business style are to justify economically the choice of one language option from all possible and to consolidate it in practice.

Using a stable formula, an accepted abbreviation, and a uniform arrangement of all material, drawing up a document is much faster and easier. This is how all standard and template letters, tables, questionnaires, etc. are compiled, which allows information to be encoded, ensuring the informative capacity of the text, with the ability to expand its full structure. Such modules are implemented into the text of contracts (lease, work, purchase and sale, etc.)

From fifty to seventy percent of word usage in a document is procedural vocabulary and terminology. The subject of the document determines the unambiguity of the context. For example: The Parties undertake to comply with the above rules. The word “parties”, used outside the document, is very ambiguous, but here we can read a purely legal aspect - the persons who enter into the agreement.

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Formal business style- this is a type of literary language that serves the sphere of official business relations (the sphere of organization, management and regulation): relations between government authorities and the population, between countries, between enterprises, organizations, institutions, between individuals and society. The official business style operates primarily in writing, however, its oral form is not excluded (speeches by government and public figures at ceremonial meetings, sessions, receptions). The official business style stands out among other book styles for its stability, isolation and standardization.

Thinking type– generalized-abstracted, based on the use of concepts related to the legal sphere. Type of speech- a narrative in the style of stating the rights and freedoms of a citizen.

The purpose of formal business style- communication of information of practical importance, provision of precise recommendations and instructions.

Business style function- prescriptive and informational. It lies in the fact that this style gives the presentation the character of a document and thereby transfers the various aspects of human relations reflected in this document into a number of official business ones.

Main style features:

· the obligatory-prescriptive nature of the text structure;

· conciseness, economical use of language means;

· accuracy of the formulation of legal norms and the need for absolute adequacy of their understanding;

· the composition of the mandatory elements of document execution that ensure its legal validity;

· standardized nature of presentation, stable forms of arrangement of material in a certain logical sequence, etc.

Within the framework of the official business style, the following are distinguished: substyles (varieties):

1) diplomatic, implemented in the texts of the following genres: speeches at receptions, reports, communiqués, conventions, memorandums, international agreements and treaties, official communications;

2) administrative and clerical(everyday business), used in such genres, such as: clerical and official correspondence and business papers (orders, contracts, statements, powers of attorney, autobiographies, receipts, characteristics, protocols, etc.).

3) legislative, the language of documents related to the activities of government bodies (the Constitution of the Russian Federation, laws, charters).

Lexical features of official business style:

1. Language cliches (clichés, clichés), for example: raise a question, cassation appeal, recognizance not to leave, on the basis of a decision, incoming-outgoing documents, act of civil status, assign control over execution, act of disobedience, upon expiration of the deadline.

2. Professional terminology (legal, accounting, diplomatic, military, sports, etc.): arrears, alibi, black cash, shadow business.

3. Abbreviations, complex abbreviated names of government bodies, institutions, organizations, societies, parties ( Airborne Forces, Ministry of Emergency Situations, Air Force, Research Institute, LDPR, CIS, GVMU RF Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health), as well as abbreviations ( illiquid, cash(black), federal and so on.).

4. In an official business style, the use of polysemantic words, as well as words with figurative meanings, is unacceptable, and synonyms are used extremely rarely and, as a rule, belong to the same style: supply - delivery - collateral, solvency - creditworthiness.

Morphological features of official business style:

1. Nouns - names of people based on a characteristic determined by the action ( taxpayer, tenant, witness).

2. Nouns denoting positions and titles in the masculine form ( postman, accountant, laboratory assistant, controller, director, sergeant Petrova, inspector Ivanova).

3. Verbal nouns, as well as verbal nouns with a particle Not- (deprivation, clarification, non-compliance, non-recognition).

4. Derivative prepositions ( in connection with, due to, by virtue of, to the extent of, in relation to, on the basis of).

5. Infinitive constructions ( conduct an inspection, make a proposal, provide assistance, recommend, take note, remove from use).

6. Present tense verbs in the meaning of a commonly performed action ( a fine will be charged for non-payment…).

7. Imperfective verbs (as more abstract in meaning) predominate in genres of business speech of a more general nature ( constitution, codes, charters and etc.). Perfective forms are used in texts with more specific content ( orders, instructions, minutes of meetings, resolutions, acts, contracts). They are used in combination with modal words in the meaning of obligation and express a categorical command, permission ( must inform, has the right to prescribe, is obliged to convey, undertakes to provide), as well as the statement ( the court considered, took measures, made a proposal; organized, paid, completed etc.).

8. Adjectives and participles in business speech, often used in the meaning of nouns ( sick, resting), short forms of adjectives are also productive ( must, obligated, obligatory, necessary, accountable, jurisdictional, responsible).

9. Compound words formed from two or more stems ( tenant, employer, logistics, repair and maintenance, above, below).

Syntactic features of official business style:

1. The syntax of the official business style reflects the impersonal nature of speech ( Complaints are submitted to the prosecutor; Passengers are transported). In this regard, passive constructions are widely used, which allow focusing attention on the actions themselves ( According to the competition, five patients were admitted).

2. Strict and specific order of words in a sentence, which is caused by the requirement of logic, consistency, and accuracy of presentation of thoughts in business texts.

3. The use of simple sentences with homogeneous members, and the rows of these homogeneous members can be very common (up to 8-10), for example: ... fines as an administrative penalty may be established in accordance with Russian legislation for violation of safety and labor protection rules in industry, construction, transport and agriculture.

4. Stringing the genitive case, that is, using a chain of nouns in the genitive case ( results of the activities of the tax police...).

5. The predominance of complex sentences, especially complex sentences, with conditional clauses: If there is a dispute about the amount of amounts due to the dismissed employee, the administration is obliged to pay the compensation specified in this article if the dispute is resolved in favor of the employee.

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….3

General characteristics of official business style…………………………..4

Dynamics of the norm of official business speech…………………………………..6

Varieties of official business style……………………………………7

Summary……………………………………………………………………………………….9

CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………….11

LITERATURE………………………………………………………………………………..12

APPENDIX……………………………………………………………….13

Communication is heterogeneous; it is divided into many spheres, many areas.

A speech by a lawyer in court, a report in a scientific circle, a poem, an open letter, etc. - all speech genres perform different content and stylistic tasks, therefore their language and speech form are different.

But there are tasks (functions) that unite groups of speech genres that are characteristic of the entire language. It is known that the language existed at first only in oral form. At this stage, it was characterized by a single function - the function of communication. Then, in response to the demands of society, social practice becomes necessary to regulate life within the state and enter into agreements with neighbors. As a result, the official business function of the language develops and business speech is formed. Other functions also appear - scientific and informative, forming the scientific style, aesthetic, forming the language of fiction. Each function requires special qualities from the language, for example, accuracy, objectivity, imagery, etc. And the language develops the corresponding qualities over time. This is how the development, differentiation of language and the formation of functional styles occur.

“The clerical language,” wrote G.O. Vinokur, “is man’s first attempt to master the element of language, to subjugate all these unruly particles, conjunctions, pronouns, which do not fit into a harmonious, smooth period.”

The origin of Russian official business speech begins in the 10th century, from the era of Kievan Rus, and is associated with the execution of agreements between Kievan Rus and Byzantium. The language of contracts and other documents was precisely the language from which the literary language was later developed.

Modern official business style is one of the book styles and functions in the form of written speech - speeches at ceremonial meetings, receptions, reports of government and public figures, etc.

The official business style serves purely official and extremely important areas of human relationships: relations between government and the population, between countries, between enterprises, organizations, institutions, between individuals and society.

It is clear that, on the one hand, the content expressed in the official business style, given its enormous importance, must exclude any ambiguity, any discrepancies. On the other hand, the official business style is characterized by a certain, more or less limited range of topics.

The correlation (official business situation - the corresponding genre of the document) means that the content of the document covers a variety of real business circumstances, corresponding not to a single circumstance, but to their entire type-situation. As a result, the form and language of documents in an official business style appear to be standardized (corresponding to a single model), and the very requirement of standardization permeates the entire sphere of business speech.

In the field of business speech, we deal with a document, i.e. with a business paper that has legal force, and this fact itself determines the written nature of the implementation of linguistic means in an official business style.

In linguistics, it is customary to contrast two types of texts: informative (scientific, business) and expressive (journalistic, artistic). The fact that business speech belongs to the first type explains some of its features, and above all, its stylistic character. The ultimate informative purpose of a business text is reflected in the writer’s desire for the most strict and restrained nature of the presentation, and thereby in the desire to use stylistically neutral and/or bookish elements.

The above also determines the requirement of unambiguity, characteristic of business speech. This requirement predetermines the use of terms or close to unambiguous special language means in business speech, for example, decree, resolution - in clerical language, plaintiff, defendant - in legal language.

The requirement for logical and well-reasoned presentation in the field of syntax of business speech explains the abundance of complex constructions. This refers to the greater use of complex sentences with conjunctions conveying logical relations (subordinate clauses of causes, consequences, conditions), the productivity of all kinds of clarifications in the text (participial, adverbial phrases), differentiation of semantic relations with the help of complex conjunctions (due to the fact that) and prepositions ( for what).

The listed distinctive linguistic features of business style (stylistic, lexical, morphological, syntactic) organically fit into the written sphere of use of this style, into its characteristic genres of documentation. But this is not the only feature of the norms of the official business substyle.

Business speech is a set of standards of written speech necessary in official business relations. These standards include both forms of documentation (set, sequence and arrangement of details) and corresponding methods of speech presentation. The thesis about the high regulation of official business speech is confirmed not only in the mandatory requirements for the construction and preparation of documents, but also in the possibility of normalization - making changes to the rules for the construction and preparation of documents in the process of their unification. This applies to both sides of the document - its form and its language.

Currently, textual and linguistic norms of business speech are under pressure from the increasingly developing method of compiling, storing and transmitting documents using electronic computing technology.

The official business style is divided into 2 varieties, 2 substyles - official-documentary and everyday business. In the first, one can distinguish the language of diplomacy (diplomatic acts) and the language of laws, and in the second, official correspondence and business papers. (Annex 1)

THE LANGUAGE OF DIPLOMACY is very peculiar. It has its own system of terms, which has much in common with other terminologies, but also has a peculiarity - it is rich in international terms. In the Middle Ages in Western Europe, the common diplomatic language was Latin, then French (XVIII–early XIX). Therefore, in the language of diplomacy there are many terms of French origin: attaché - a position or rank of a diplomatic worker; muniqué is an official government statement on foreign policy issues.

There are also Russian terms - Russian diplomacy has a long history: ambassador, embassy, observer.

Only in diplomacy are etiquette words used. These are addresses to the chairmen of other states, designations of titles: king, His Highness.

The syntax of the language of diplomacy is characterized by long sentences, extended periods with branched conjunctions, with participial and participial phrases, infinitive constructions, introductory and isolated expressions. Often a sentence consists of segments, each of which expresses a complete thought, arranged in the form of paragraphs, but not separated from the others by a dot, but is formally included in the structure of one sentence. For example, the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has such a syntactic structure.

THE LANGUAGE OF LAWS is the official language, the language of government, in which it speaks to the population.

The language of laws requires, above all, accuracy. Another important feature of the language of laws is the generality of expression. The legislator strives for the greatest generalization, avoiding particulars and details.

The language of laws is also characterized by a complete lack of individualization of speech and standard presentation.

The law does not apply to an individual, specific person, but to all people or groups of people.

OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. Its example can be considered the telegraphic style, characterized by extreme rationality in the construction of syntactic structures. Stringing of cases, which is considered a serious stylistic flaw in other styles, is also not prohibited here. Here it also contributes to saving language resources and compactness of speech.

The main feature of the language of official correspondence is its high standardization. The content of business letters is very often repeated, since many production situations are the same. Therefore, it is natural to have the same linguistic design of certain substantive aspects of a business letter. For each such aspect, there is a certain syntactic model of the sentence, which, depending on the semantic and stylistic characteristics, has a number of specific speech options.

Today, the relevance of studying and applying this concept is difficult to overestimate. The role of business etiquette is important in the life of each specific organization, and is also of great importance at the international level. Competent ownership business style increases a person’s status and authority, opening up new career and personal prospects. It can be described as a formula for success, the result of which is influenced by a person’s speech, behavior and dress code.

Definition and origins of business style in speech

Business style in speech is a set of linguistic and other means that can be used in the field of official communications. Such relationships can arise between people, organizations and states. This format of communication has its roots in antiquity. During the era of the Kyiv state, documents began to appear that had legal force. Among other book styles, origins of business style originated already in the 10th century. To this day, it is used to draw up legislative documents, orders, agreements, and in official correspondence.

Formal business style- a functional variety of language characterized by stability and standardization. It does not allow ambiguous and poorly structured sentences and phrases. Words are used exclusively in their literal meaning. Examples of this style include reports by figures at ceremonial and official meetings and sessions. It is also used in the working atmosphere at meetings, presentations, and meetings.

Forms of manifestation of business style

The official format finds its application in written speech, oral transmission of information, and wardrobe. The manner of dressing is a kind of calling card of a person, whether he is in the presidential post, manages a company or performs ordinary functions in it. In addition to the first impression, clothing can have a psychological impact on interlocutors. Business style clothing requires increased attention.

Corporate manners are manifested in human behavior. Components: the ability to remain calm and behave with dignity in an unusual situation, the will to act, the willingness to take responsibility, not be afraid to show flexibility, and be objective. Business style of behavior obeys certain: common sense, ethics, expediency, conservatism, efficiency and others.

Business speaking style

Company dress code and its functions

Every serious company has its own dress code. It helps to unify the appearance of employees, as well as maintain the company's image. has a positive effect on the company's reputation and creates a general impression of it in the eyes of clients. Each employee should have at least four suits in their wardrobe, which should be changed periodically. Wearing the same suit for two or more days in a row is not recommended.

Some large companies have specific and fairly stringent requirements. The dress code in the contract with the employee is given several pages with a detailed description of clothing and the materials from which it should be made. Compared to foreign companies, in the CIS countries they are more loyal to the uniform of employees. Separate requirements are established for mandatory business style for negotiations, presentations or off-site meetings. Friday is considered a “no tie day” if there are no important meetings scheduled for that day.

The introduction of a dress code affects not only the overall corporate culture. A tasteful wardrobe makes an employee more disciplined. He feels the personal responsibility that is entrusted to him when... Such people are more likely to succeed in negotiations.

The importance of maintaining a business style in business

In the world of business, it is extremely important to adhere to a certain set of rules and norms that dictate the manner of conversation and behavior in different situations. By adhering to these requirements, you can count on an effective meeting, negotiations, and signing of a contract. Even a dinner or meeting without ties should be held in an appropriate manner.

Maintaining business style is not something unattainable for beginners. Everyone can learn the basic principles according to which a meeting, conversation, or presentation should take place. The theory has long defined the basic models of behavior and described important principles and norms. For example, at the first meeting, the acquaintance algorithm is as follows: greeting, introduction and exchange of business cards.

In practice, difficulties may arise, since everything requires experience. Don't be afraid of your own mistakes. It is considered good form to directly ask for advice from a more knowledgeable person. At the same time, you should maintain an acceptable distance, avoid familiarity in behavior and not ingratiate yourself with your interlocutor.

Business style standards for meetings without ties

At such meetings, important issues are not resolved and documents are not signed. The informal atmosphere is conducive to discussing common prospects and plans for the future, casual conversations about family and hobbies. You can relax and step away from strict norms. Informal business attire allows you to wear more comfortable things. Whatever the free format of communication, the interlocutors must behave in a dignified and friendly manner in order to have a good time together.

MOSCOW HUMANITIES AND ECONOMICS INSTITUTE

Kirov branch

ABSTRACT

CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS SPEECH STYLE

Performed:

Gradoboeva O.V.

Faculty of Economics and Management

Extramural

4th year group ES

Checked:

INTRODUCTION 5

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE 6

Dynamics of the norm of official business speech 8

VARIETIES OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE 9

CONCLUSION 13

REFERENCES 14

APPENDIX 1 15

APPENDIX 2 16

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….3

General characteristics of official business style…………………………..4

Dynamics of the norm of official business speech…………………………………..6

Varieties of official business style……………………………………7

Summary……………………………………………………………………………………….9

CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………….11

LITERATURE………………………………………………………………………………..12

APPENDIX……………………………………………………………….13

INTRODUCTION

Communication is heterogeneous; it is divided into many spheres, many areas.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE

The origin of Russian official business speech begins in the 10th century, from the era of Kievan Rus, and is associated with the formalization of treaties between Kievan Rus and Byzantium. The language of contracts and other documents was precisely the language from which the literary language was later developed.

Modern official business style is one of the book styles and functions in the form of written speech - speeches at ceremonial meetings, receptions, reports of government and public figures, etc.

Dynamics of the norm of official business speech

VARIETIES OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE

THE LANGUAGE OF DIPLOMACY is very peculiar. It has its own system of terms, which has much in common with other terminologies, but also has a peculiarity - it is rich in international terms. In the Middle Ages in Western Europe, the common diplomatic language was Latin, then French (XVIII - early XIX). Therefore, in the language of diplomacy there are many terms of French origin: attaché - a position or rank of a diplomatic worker; muniqué is an official government statement on foreign policy issues.

There are also Russian terms - Russian diplomacy has a long history: ambassador, embassy, observer.

Only in diplomacy are etiquette words used. These are addresses to the chairmen of other states, designations of titles: king, His Highness.

THE LANGUAGE OF LAWS is the official language, the language of government, in which it speaks to the population.

The language of laws is also characterized by a complete lack of individualization of speech and standard presentation.

The law does not apply to an individual, specific person, but to all people or groups of people.

BUSINESS PAPERS (application, autobiography, receipt, power of attorney, certificate, etc.) should be written briefly and clearly (Appendix 2)

Business papers are drawn up in a certain form. The style usually excludes complex designs. Each new thought should begin with a paragraph. All words are written in full, with the exception of generally accepted abbreviations.

SUMMARY

The official business style is one of the functional styles of the modern Russian literary language: a set of linguistic means, the purpose of which is to serve the sphere of official business relations (business relations between organizations, within them, between legal entities and individuals). Business speech is implemented in the form of written documents, constructed according to rules that are uniform for each of their genre varieties. Types of documents differ in the specifics of their content (which official business situations are reflected in them), and, accordingly, in their form (the set and arrangement of details - the content elements of the text of the document); They are united by a set of language tools traditionally used to convey business information.

Signs of business documentation:

1. The specificity of the culture of official business speech is that it includes mastery of two norms of different nature:

1) textual, regulating the patterns of document construction, the patterns of development of its content scheme, and

2) linguistic, regulating the patterns of selection of linguistic material to fill the content scheme of the document.

Distinguishing between these two types of norms of business speech helps to understand the direction and stages of mental work on the text of a document: understanding the official business situation → selecting a document genre that corresponds to it → understanding the norms of text construction that correspond to the genre of the document → choosing linguistic means that correspond to the genre and form of the document.

2. The document form (a diagram reflecting the semantic-information structure of the text) provides its compiler with a certain set of details and their certain composition (the sequence and order of their placement in the text of the document). The most common (common to a number of documents) details are: (1) the addressee of the document; (2) the addressee of the document; (3) title of the document; (4) title to the content of the text of the document; (5) a list of appendices to the document; (6) signature; (7) date. The obligatory/optional nature of using certain details determines the rigidity/freedom of constructing the form of the document. The above allows us to characterize the “writer” as the compiler of the text of the document (according to its known samples): this applies both to the level of textual norms and to the level of linguistic norms.

CONCLUSION

In this work, a general description of the official business style of speech was given, as well as varieties and two substyles of the official business style. In terms of the scale of its distribution and penetration into the speech practice of any activity, official business speech most affects the mass of speakers.

Business style is a set of linguistic means, the function of which is to serve the sphere of official business relations, i.e. relations that arise between state bodies, between or within organizations, between organizations and individuals in the process of their production, economic, and legal activities. Thus, the scope of business speech can, in principle, be represented as a wide network of current official business situations and as a set of corresponding genres of documents.

Official business speech is one of the most important styles of the Russian literary language, playing a large role in the life of society. He makes his own special contribution to the treasury of the Russian literary language.

LITERATURE

Soglanik G.Ya. Text stylistics: Textbook. – M.: Flinta, Nauka, 1997.-256 p.

Culture of Russian speech. Textbook for universities / edited by Graudina L.K. and prof. Shiryaeva E.N. - M.: Publishing house NORMA, 2000, 560 p.

Schwarzkopf B.S. Culture of Russian speech and effectiveness of communication, 1996, section. 3, chapter 9

Golovach A.S. Paperwork, 2003

ANNEX 1

Formal business style division diagram

Formal business style

Official documentary

Everyday business

Language of diplomacy

Official correspondence

Language of laws

Business papers

APPENDIX 2

Example of writing a power of attorney

POWER OF ATTORNEY

I, Kulikova Anna Vasilievna, living at the address: st. Chernyshevsky, house 3, apartment 12, I trust Alexandra Ivanovna Shashkova, who lives at the address: st. Chernyshevsky, building 3, apartment 19, passport series 2345, number 123456789, issued... to receive the pension due to me for November 2007.