How to do punctuation analysis of sentences examples. How to perform punctuation parsing of a sentence

Punctuation analysis of sentences ensures better understanding by schoolchildren of punctuation rules. It is based on three sequential actions, ultimately leading to an explanation of the conditions for choosing a particular punctuation mark. For punctuation analysis, you need to know the parts of speech, be able to find the grammatical basis and minor members in a sentence, and also hear the intonation with which it is pronounced. Correct punctuation ensures accuracy and clarity of expression.

Punctuation analysis begins with determining the nature of the sentence, which can be either simple or complex. Then one or more punctuation rules are established that operate in the sentence being analyzed. Each of them is subject to separate allocation. The result of punctuation analysis is a graphic diagram of the sentence.

How to perform punctuation analysis of a simple sentence?
A simple sentence in a diagram is indicated by square brackets, followed by one of five punctuation marks: a period, a question mark, an exclamation mark, an ellipsis, or a combination of a question mark and an exclamation mark.

The inside of the diagram shows a complication of a simple sentence. The grammatical basis is indicated by default.

1. Homogeneous members of a sentence are depicted in the diagram in the form of circles, inside which a graphic designation of a member of the sentence is placed. All members of a sentence can be homogeneous: subjects (one straight line), predicates (two straight lines), complements (one dotted line), definitions (one wavy line) and circumstances (dashed line with a dot between the lines). Along with them, the diagram indicates the punctuation marks and conjunctions related to them (conjunctive, adversative, comparative).
   Homogeneous members can be used in a sentence together with a generalizing word. In the diagram it is indicated by a circle with a bold dot inside.
   
2. Introductory words and phrases are depicted in the form of five small crosses, on top of which the inscription “vv.sl.” is placed, where “sl.” denotes both “word” and “phrase”. “Vv.pr.” is written above the introductory sentences.
   
3. The addresses on the diagram are reproduced in the form of a wavy line with the inscription “o.”
   
4. Interjections are written in the diagram with words (“alas”, “ah”, “Hurray!”, etc.).
   
5. To explain the placement of a dash between the subject and the predicate above the graphic representation of the grammatical basis, the part of speech and its grammatical form are indicated: “noun, ip.”, “noun. + noun”, “undefined f.gl.”, “number”, “noun. + number.” etc. The indicative words “this”, “here”, “means” are written in full on the diagram.
   The absence of a dash between the subject and the predicate should also be explained when analyzing the sentence punctuationally. In this case, it is enough to highlight the grammatical basis and those rules on the basis of which the dash is omitted: the presence between the subject and the predicate of a negative particle “not” or comparative conjunctions “as”, “as if”, “as if”.
   
6. Isolated members of a sentence are highlighted in writing with punctuation marks and are divided into five categories:
   • Separate definitions are depicted in the diagram as one wavy line inside two slashes “/ ~~~/”.
     If a separate definition refers to a personal pronoun, then the latter is indicated on the diagram with the sign “x”, above which is written “l.m.” All other parts of speech are indicated on the diagram with a simple “x”.
     Above the definitions expressed by the participial phrase, the inscription “p.o.” is placed.
     Two or more isolated definitions are highlighted in the diagram as homogeneous (a wavy line in a circle). An arrow is drawn from the word being defined to them.
     Above the separate definitions with concessive and causal meanings, “established meaning” is indicated. and “prich.zn” respectively. In the diagram, such definitions are depicted by two lines: the lower one – circumstances, the upper one – definitions.
     Agreed and inconsistent definitions in the diagram are separated from each other and signed as “agree”, “disagree”.
     
   • Detached applications are depicted on the diagram in the same way as stand-alone definitions. They can refer to a personal pronoun (“l.m.”), a common noun (“common”) or a proper name (“proper”). Isolated applications with the conjunction “how” are highlighted in the diagram by the bottom line of the circumstance and the top line of the definition, above which is written “conditional sign.” or “sign.quality.”
     
   • Separate additions are indicated on the diagram in the form of ordinary additions with the words “except”, “instead”, “including”, “besides”, etc. relating to them.
     
   • Isolated circumstances are depicted on the diagram as a single dotted line with dots, enclosed in slashes. Above them it is indicated how they are expressed: a participle (“d.”) or a participle phrase (“d.o.”). An arrow is drawn to isolated circumstances from the word being defined.
     Circumstances expressed by phraseological expressions are signed as “phraseol.”. They are not distinguished by punctuation marks in writing.
     Above the circumstances expressed by nouns with prepositions, prepositions and prepositional combinations are written (“despite”, “provided”, etc.).
     
   • Clarifying members of a sentence are indicated on the diagram in the form of certain members of the sentence - definitions, circumstances, additions, etc. Each of them is asked a question to which they answer: “when?”, “what?”, “which?” and so on. In addition, the diagram indicates related conjunctions that explain words and phrases.
     
7. Comparative turnovers are highlighted in the diagram in the same way as isolated circumstances. The inscription “compare” is placed above them.
   

1. In complex sentences, outside the square brackets denoting simple sentences that are equal to each other, connecting and disjunctive conjunctions are indicated along with punctuation marks. The general minor member or introductory word is also taken out of brackets and underlined either as a circumstance with the inscription “general.”, or as an introductory word.
   The placement of a dash between simple sentences is explained by the inscriptions “result”, “res.cm.d.” (sharp change in action), etc.
   
2. In complex sentences, the main simple clause is indicated by square brackets, and the dependent (subordinate) clause is indicated by round brackets. During punctuation analysis, conjunctions (“union”), conjunctive (“conjunct.sl.”) and demonstrative words (“ukaz.sl.”) are written and indicated on the diagram. Conjunctive words in subordinate clauses and demonstratives are mainly emphasized as certain members of the sentence.
   If there are several subordinate clauses, each of them is accompanied by an index arrow from the clause to which they are subordinated.
   
3. In non-union sentences, above the punctuation marks connecting simple sentences, appropriate conjunctions are placed in parentheses.
   

1. Direct speech comes before the words of the author:
2. Direct speech comes after the words of the author:
   
3. Direct speech is interrupted by the words of the author:

   “P, – a, – p.”

   “P, – a. - P".

   "P? - A. - P".

   "P! - A. - P".

   
   

Modern schoolchildren, in accordance with the educational program, study several types of analysis: phonetic, lexical, morphological, morphemic, syntactic and punctuation analysis of sentences. Each of them has its own distinctive features and difficult to understand points.

Definition

Many students and their parents wonder what punctuation analysis of a sentence means. It is designed to find and clarify punctuation marks in a sentence. The ability to perform punctuation analysis of a sentence can increase the student’s overall literacy level. Analysis of simple (PP) and complex (SP) sentences has its own distinctive features.

Parsing a simple sentence

1. Read the text provided for analysis.
2. Assign a number to all punctuation marks present in the text.
3. Indicate the punctogram that completes the sentence and explain the reason for its placement.
4. Identify and explain all the signs found in the sentence.

It is according to this plan that punctuation analysis of the sentence is carried out. A sample parsing is presented below.

Analysis examples

Let’s take the punctuation analysis of a sentence as an example:

1. I can trust this secret to a person who knows how to keep his mouth shut.

2.Haven't you seen people running down the street holding flags, posters, and balloons?

Step one. The sentence is interrogative in terms of the purpose of the statement and intonation. That's why it ends with a question mark.

Step two. By assigning a number to punctuation marks, we determine their number in a sentence:

Haven't you seen people running down the street (1), holding flags (2), posters (3), balloons (4)?

Step three. The sentence has one grammatical basis you did not see.

Comma number one highlights the participial phrase. Commas numbered two and three separate homogeneous members of the sentence flags, posters, balloons, expressed by additions.

Analysis of a complex sentence

Punctuation analysis of a sentence of this kind is somewhat more complicated.

1. Read the sentence.

2. Assign a serial number to all punctuation marks in the sentence.

3. Indicate the paragraph ending the sentence and explain its placement.

4. Indicate punctuation marks at the SP level and explain the reason for their use.

5. Explain the placement of punctuation marks in parts of the joint venture.

Analysis examples

As an example, we suggest conducting a punctuation analysis of the sentence:

1.We will probably not see Sergei again, since the insult inflicted on him is unlikely to be easily forgotten.

Step one. There is a period at the end of the sentence, because the purpose of the statement is narrative, and the intonation is non-exclamatory.

Step two. The numbering showed the presence of five punctuation marks in the sentence:

Probably (1), we will not see Sergei again (2), since the insult (3) inflicted on him (4) is unlikely to be easily forgotten (5).

Step three. This proposal is complex. Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a subordinating conjunction because the. A comma stands at the border between the main and subordinate clauses.

Step four. In the main sentence, a comma is used to highlight the introductory word. probably. In the subordinate clause, commas separate the participial phrase inflicted on him.

2. I am sure that you will carry out this assignment because you value my location and want to advance in your career.

Step one. The sentence ends with a period because it is declarative, non-exclamatory.

Step two. There are four punctuation marks in the sentence:

I am sure (1) that you will carry out this assignment (2) because you value my location (3) and want to advance in your career (4).

Step three. This sentence consists of one main clause and two subordinate clauses, which are separated from each other by commas numbered one and two.

Step four. There is no punctuation in the main clause or the first subordinate clause. In the second subordinate clause, a comma at number three separates homogeneous predicates you appreciate And you want to advance.

If the student knows what punctuation analysis of a sentence means, he will not make gross mistakes in the placement of punctuation marks. By doing so, he will significantly improve his performance and increase his chances of getting a decent grade in his final exams. This is important, because how well a student passes them determines his future admission to a university. And even such a small thing as the wrong punctuation mark can deprive him of much-needed points.

What is punctuation analysis and how to do it, believe me, very urgently!?

1. 
   
   

   
   

2. Perform punctuation analysis - this means explaining the punctogram (graphically + analysis).
   An example of parsing a sentence according to the model adopted in school practice:
   1. Write a sentence, underline the paragraph.
   2. Briefly formulate the punctuation rule for this case (for this you should perform graphic work characteristic of a punctogram: emphasize grammatical basics, highlight a number of homogeneous parts of the sentence, etc.)
   3. Draw an outline of the sentence, including a non-graphic indication of the need for punctuation (or absence).

   By nature shy and timid, she (subject) was annoyed (predicate) with her shyness.

   Scheme: / isolated definition /, subject predicate.
   Characteristics: simple, complicated by a separate definition related to the personal pronoun.

3. Thank you
4. Perform punctuation analysis - this means explaining the punctogram (graphically + analysis).
   An example of parsing a sentence according to the model adopted in school practice:
   1. Write a sentence, underline the paragraph.
   2. Briefly formulate the punctuation rule for this case (for this you should perform graphic work characteristic of a punctogram: emphasize grammatical basics, highlight a number of homogeneous parts of the sentence, etc.)
   3. Draw an outline of the sentence, including a non-graphic indication of the need for punctuation (or absence).

   By nature shy and timid, she (subject) was annoyed (predicate) with her shyness.

   Scheme: / isolated definition /, subject predicate.
   Characteristics: simple, complicated by a separate definition related to the personal pronoun.

5. 
   

   Explanation of punctuation marks

   10 a comma separates a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase and standing after the word being defined

6. Punctuation analysis of a sentence
   Sentence punctuation scheme
   1. Name and explain the punctogram at the end of a sentence (period, question mark, exclamation mark, ellipsis, combination of characters).

   2. Name and explain punctograms at the level of a complex sentence (punctuation marks between simple sentences within a complex sentence).

   3. Name and explain punctograms at the level of a simple sentence.
   Sample punctuation analysis of a sentence

   Having asked (which one is more quiet), Pierre climbed onto the horse, grabbed the mane, 4 pressed the heels of his inverted legs to the horse’s belly and, 5 feeling (that his glasses were falling off) and (that he was unable to take his hands off the mane and reins), galloped after the general, 9 exciting the smiles of the staff ^ who were looking at him from the mound. (L. Tolstoy)

   Explanation of punctuation marks

   1. Period at the end of the sentence; a period is placed at the end of the sentence, since it is a declarative, non-exclamatory sentence that contains a complete message.

   2. Punctuation marks between parts of a complex sentence; This is a complex sentence with three subordinate clauses:

   1 and 2 commas highlight the subordinate clause within the main one;

   6 and 8 commas highlight subordinate clauses within the main clause;

   7, a comma is not placed, because homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a single connecting conjunction and;

   3. Punctuation marks between similar parts of a sentence; separation of circumstances and definitions:

   3 and 4 commas separate homogeneous predicates connected without a union;

   5 a comma separates a separate circumstance expressed by a single gerund;

   9, a comma separates a separate circumstance expressed by an adverbial phrase;

7. Punctuation analysis - explanation of the conditions for placing punctuation marks.
   (grammatical, semantic...)
8. I don't know
9. Perform punctuation analysis - this means explaining the punctogram (graphically + analysis).
   An example of parsing a sentence according to the model adopted in school practice:
   1. Write a sentence, underline the paragraph.
   2. Briefly formulate the punctuation rule for this case (for this you should perform graphic work characteristic of a punctogram: emphasize grammatical basics, highlight a number of homogeneous parts of the sentence, etc.)
   3. Draw an outline of the sentence, including a non-graphic indication of the need for punctuation (or absence).

   By nature shy and timid, she (subject) was annoyed (predicate) with her shyness.

   Scheme: / isolated definition /, subject predicate.
   Characteristics: simple, complicated by a separate definition related to the personal pronoun.

10. Sample punctuation analysis of a sentence

    Having asked (which one is more quiet), Pierre climbed onto the horse, grabbed the mane, 4 pressed the heels of his inverted legs to the horse’s belly and, 5 feeling (that his glasses were falling off) and (that he was unable to take his hands off the mane and reins), galloped after the general, 9 exciting the smiles of the staff ^ who were looking at him from the mound. (L. Tolstoy)

    Explanation of punctuation marks

    1. Period at the end of the sentence; a period is placed at the end of the sentence, since it is a declarative, non-exclamatory sentence that contains a complete message.

    2. Punctuation marks between parts of a complex sentence; This is a complex sentence with three subordinate clauses:

    1 and 2 commas highlight the subordinate clause within the main one;

    6 and 8 commas highlight subordinate clauses within the main clause;

    7, a comma is not placed, because homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by a single connecting conjunction and;

    3. Punctuation marks between similar parts of a sentence; separation of circumstances and definitions:

    3 and 4 commas separate homogeneous predicates connected without a union;

    5 a comma separates a separate circumstance expressed by a single gerund;

    9, a comma separates a separate circumstance expressed by an adverbial phrase;

    10, a comma separates a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase and standing after the word being defined.

11. I didn't understand a bit
12. Instructions
    1
    Start analyzing the sentence by explaining why a particular punctuation mark (period, exclamation point, question mark, ellipsis, etc.) was chosen at the end of the sentence. To do this, it is necessary to determine the purpose of the statement in the sentence and its emotional connotation.
    2
    If a sentence contains a complete message, then it is declarative. If something is asked, then the sentence is interrogative, and if there is an incentive to action, a request or order, then it is motivating. Exclamatory intonations require an exclamation mark. When speech is interrupted by a pause or there is an understatement in it, then an ellipsis is added.
    3
    Next, determine whether the sentence structure is simple or complex. If the sentence is complex, find out how many parts it consists of and what is the connection between them - coordinating, subordinating, conjunction or non-conjunctive. This way you can explain the reason for choosing the characters that separate all these parts.
    4
    Analyze the functions of punctuation marks in a simple sentence or marks in each part of a complex sentence in turn. Find and explain the highlighting and separating signs in a sentence or its parts.
    5
    Emphasizing or emphasizing marks (comma, dash, colon, double signs - brackets, quotation marks) are used to highlight components that complicate a simple sentence. These are introductory words, phrases and sentences, addresses, homogeneous members of a sentence, separate definitions or applications, circumstances and additions, clarifying and explanatory members of a sentence.
    6
    Separating or dividing marks are used to separate homogeneous members of a sentence in a simple construction or to separate simple sentences in a complex one (comma, semicolon, dash, colon).
    7
    If the sentence contains direct speech, find and highlight the words of the author and, in fact, the direct speech itself, which can be in any position before the author’s words, after them, or interrupted by them. Remember that if direct speech occurs before or after the author's words, four punctuation marks are placed (to display the construction of direct speech). If direct speech is interrupted by the words of the author, the law of seven is observed, that is, seven punctuation marks in the display of direct speech.
    8
    To facilitate punctuation analysis of a sentence, complete its punctogram graphically. If your sentence contains several paragraphs, explain each of them separately.
    9
    Emphasize the grammatical basics, highlight homogeneous parts of the sentence. Draw an outline of the sentence, making a graphic designation of places where punctuation marks are necessary.
13. Perform punctuation analysis - this means explaining the punctogram (graphically + analysis).
    An example of parsing a sentence according to the model adopted in school practice:
    1. Write a sentence, underline the paragraph.
    2. Briefly formulate the punctuation rule for this case (for this you should perform graphic work characteristic of a punctogram: emphasize grammatical basics, highlight a number of homogeneous parts of the sentence, etc.)
    3. Draw an outline of the sentence, including a non-graphic indication of the need for punctuation (or absence).

    By nature shy and timid, she (subject) was annoyed (predicate) with her shyness.

    Scheme: / isolated definition /, subject predicate.
    Characteristics: simple, complicated by a separate definition related to the personal pronoun.

14. parse the proposal
15. pygakpgFCPA
16. It is necessary to explain why this or that punctuation mark is in this place
    For example: I drink. We need to explain why there is a dot there.
17. It will be easier and clearer to simply underline all commas and periods (exclamation mark! or question mark?).
    And that's it.

Modern schoolchildren, in accordance with the educational program, study several types of analysis: phonetic, lexical, morphological, morphemic, syntactic and punctuation analysis of sentences. Each of them has its own distinctive features and difficult to understand points.

Definition

Many students and their parents wonder what punctuation analysis of a sentence means. It is designed to find and clarify punctuation marks in a sentence. The ability to perform punctuation analysis of a sentence can increase the student’s overall literacy level. Analysis of simple (PP) and complex (SP) sentences has its own distinctive features.

Parsing a simple sentence

1. Read the text provided for analysis.
2. Assign a number to all punctuation marks present in the text.
3. Indicate the punctogram that completes the sentence and explain the reason for its placement.
4. Identify and explain all the signs found in the sentence.

It is according to this plan that punctuation analysis of the sentence is carried out. A sample parsing is presented below.

Analysis examples

Let’s take the punctuation analysis of a sentence as an example:

1. I can trust this secret to a person who knows how to keep his mouth shut.

2.Haven't you seen people running down the street holding flags, posters, and balloons?

Step one. The sentence is interrogative in terms of the purpose of the statement and intonation. That's why it ends with a question mark.

Step two. By assigning a number to punctuation marks, we determine their number in a sentence:

Haven't you seen people running down the street (1), holding flags (2), posters (3), balloons (4)?

Step three. The sentence has one grammatical basis you did not see.

Comma number one highlights the participial phrase. Commas numbered two and three separate homogeneous members of the sentence flags, posters, balloons, expressed by additions.

Analysis of a complex sentence

Punctuation analysis of a sentence of this kind is somewhat more complicated.

1. Read the sentence.

2. Assign a serial number to all punctuation marks in the sentence.

3. Indicate the paragraph ending the sentence and explain its placement.

4. Indicate punctuation marks at the SP level and explain the reason for their use.

5. Explain the placement of punctuation marks in parts of the joint venture.

Analysis examples

As an example, we suggest conducting a punctuation analysis of the sentence:

1.We will probably not see Sergei again, since the insult inflicted on him is unlikely to be easily forgotten.

Step one. There is a period at the end of the sentence, because the purpose of the statement is narrative, and the intonation is non-exclamatory.

Step two. The numbering showed the presence of five punctuation marks in the sentence:

Probably (1), we will not see Sergei again (2), since the insult (3) inflicted on him (4) is unlikely to be easily forgotten (5).

Step three. This proposal is complex. Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a subordinating conjunction because the. A comma stands at the border between the main and subordinate clauses.

Step four. In the main sentence, a comma is used to highlight the introductory word. probably. In the subordinate clause, commas separate the participial phrase inflicted on him.

2. I am sure that you will carry out this assignment because you value my location and want to advance in your career.

Step one. The sentence ends with a period because it is declarative, non-exclamatory.

Step two. There are four punctuation marks in the sentence:

I am sure (1) that you will carry out this assignment (2) because you value my location (3) and want to advance in your career (4).

Step three. This sentence consists of one main clause and two subordinate clauses, which are separated from each other by commas numbered one and two.

Step four. There is no punctuation in the main clause or the first subordinate clause. In the second subordinate clause, a comma at number three separates homogeneous predicates you appreciate And you want to advance.

If the student knows what punctuation analysis of a sentence means, he will not make gross mistakes in the placement of punctuation marks. By doing so, he will significantly improve his performance and increase his chances of getting a decent grade in his final exams. This is important, because how well a student passes them determines his future admission to a university. And even such a small thing as the wrong punctuation mark can deprive him of much-needed points.

Punctuation analysis is one of the oral reviews of lessons. This is a test of knowledge of the rules and regulations of punctuation marks. Analysis, by analogy with others, has an order. Complexity depends on intonation features, the number of grammatical bases, and ways of expressing minor members. Let's see how do punctuation analysis of a sentence.

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What is punctuation parsing

Punctuation analysis is carried out according to a certain algorithm, but you should start with an understanding of the differences between analyzes that are similar in content:

• punctuation;
• syntactic;
• graphic.

Punctuation studies rules for arranging punctuation symbols in the Russian language. A generally accepted scientific concept is punctuation marks.

Syntax looks inside the semantic unit of the text and involves parsing it into major and minor members. Two branches of linguistics, syntax and punctuation, do not exist separately.

You can understand why there is a period or a comma only by understanding the structure of the syntactic structure. Graphic analysis shows how words, members of a sentence, their type and method of expression are related to each other.

Performing punctuation parsing is built on the basis of the assignment. Options for tasks that occur more often:

1. Parsing the finished text with the signs already placed.
2. Explanation of their setting.

Difficulties arise in any variant. Sometimes a task is added: draw a diagram. It helps you spot errors: missing or extra commas. The order of punctuation analysis:

1. Number each punctuation character.
2. Find a rule that explains the placement of a sign at the end of a sentence.
3. Explain the sign that combines parts if you are parsing a complex sentence (SP).
4. Find rules for symbols inside a simple sentence (SS).

Punctuation of the end of a speech unit

Punctuation marks that complete the semantic unit of the Russian language, depends on the type of statement:

• narration;
• question;
• exclamation;
• understatement.

In a narrative statement, simple or complex, there is a period at the end. In case of reticence, incompleteness of thoughts, understatement - ellipsis. Questions require posing an interrogative?. When an emotional background appears in speech – ! exclamations.

Punctuation at the end of a sentence can be combined:

• ? — !;
• ? — …;
• ! — …

Such variants and combinations are more often found in poetic works and artistic tests.

Punctograms PP and SP

In a simple speech construction there are various signs. You can consider the basic rules for setting them up.

The dash should be placed:

1. Between the main members, when they are expressed by one independent part of speech: nouns (in Im.pad.), cardinal numerals.
2. Between the subject and the predicate, when one member of the sentence is an indefinite form, and the other is a noun (in Im.pad.).
3. Before the index fingers: this, here.
4. Between the subject (noun) and the predicate (cardinal number). And vice versa.

Attention! A dash occurs in incomplete constructions when one of the main members is missing. The missing word can be mentally pronounced from the understanding of the first part.

Punctuation in the presence of homogeneous members

Commas are required:

• between homogeneous words, if they are listed without conjunctions.
• before adversative conjunctions;
• with repeated conjunctions (after each homogeneous part).
• pair connection (between pairs).
• before the second part of the double conjunctions.

There is no need to put commas, if homogeneous concepts are connected by meaning, are an integral expression, or with the following construction:

• [Ο yes (= "and") Ο].
• [Ο and Ο].

Semicolon; is necessary if the homogeneous members are not single words, but common ones, already separated inside by commas.

Sometimes a generalizing concept appears before homogeneous enumerations; then, in addition to commas, you will need to put a colon or a dash, both symbols. You can see in the diagrams how they should be installed:

• [Θ: Ο, Ο, Ο].
• [Ο, Ο, Ο - Θ].
• [Ο, Ο, Ο, Ο, Ο - in a word, Θ].
• [Θ: and Ο, and Ο, and Ο - ...].

Highlighting direct speech in writing

A special spelling of the Russian language is adopted for formatting of the speaker's speech. Direct speech is one of the difficult topics. There is a combination of several symbols: quotation marks, colons, commas, periods and others used to complete speech constructions. It all depends on the place of direct speech (P) in relation to the words of the author (A, a):

1. At the beginning: A: “P!”; A: “P?”; A: "P".
2. At the end: “P” - a.; "P!" - A.; "P?" - A.
3. In the center: “P, – a, – p.”

The use of quotations in written speech follows the rules established for direct speech.

Punctograms of the Russian language

The most common punctuation symbol in Russian linguistics is the comma. What rules will have to be explained during punctuation analysis:

• isolation of minor members: additions, definitions, applications, circumstances;
• clarifying members;
• highlighting comparisons and phrases;
• constructions with the conjunction “how”;
• addresses, introductory words, interjection expressions.

Punctuation analysis a complex expression begins with a clarification of the form:

• coordinating connection of parts;
• subordinate;
• without the help of unions.

Punctuation analysis of a sentence diagram and example

[Pierre, 1 (who knew) 2 that she was very stupid, 3 with a strange feeling of bewilderment and fear, sometimes attended her evenings and dinners, 4 where politics, 5 poetry and 6 philosophy were discussed.7]. (L. Tolstoy)

Explanation of the rules for placing signs complex sentence:

7 – Point. The purpose of the statement is narrative, non-exclamatory in intonation and represents a complete thought. The explanation excludes the possibility of others: ?, …, !

1,2 – a comma connects parts of a complex structure: type – complex. Three subordinate clauses: who knew that she was very stupid, where it was said.

1 – a comma separates the subordinate clause “who knew”.

2 – completes the subordinate clause.

3 – continuation of the main main part.

4 – beginning of the third subordinate clause.

5 - comma for homogeneous additions “about politics, poetry and philosophy.”

6 – no emphasis required: there is a conjunction “and”.

[But before, in all acts of self-sacrifice, she joyfully realized 1 that she, 2 sacrificing herself, 3 thereby raised her worth in the eyes of herself and others and became more worthy of Nicolas, 4 (whom she loved most in life); 5 but now her sacrifice had to consist in 6 giving up that 7 which for her was the whole reward of the sacrifice, 8 the whole meaning of life]. 9 (L. Tolstoy)

A period is the end of a declarative sentence.

The beginning of the subordinate clause. There are 4 subordinate clauses in total.

2, 3. Participial phrase.

3.Continuation of the subordinate clause.

Beginning of the second clause.

5.Semicolon. A combination of two sentences, the first part of which has a large number of punctuation marks.

The beginning of the subordinate clause.

The beginning and end of the subordinate clause.

Clarification.

Attention! An example analysis shows that one sign can be explained by several rules, but some of them are applied only under one specific condition.

The order of punctuation analysis of a simple sentence

You can perform punctuation analysis as follows:

The student loved all academic subjects: 1 mathematics, 2 literature, 3 history.4

Explanation:

4 – Point. The statement is narrative.

1 – Colon. A generalizing phrase comes before a group of homogeneous additions.

2-3 – Commas. Homogeneous additions are connected using intonation, without conjunctions.

Sample analysis plan:

1. Write out a proposal.
2. Explain the ending sign.
3. Find and highlight the grammatical basis.
4. Explain the reasons for setting the symbols.
5. Make a diagram.

How to disassemble complex design:

1. Write out a proposal.
2. Explain the final sign.
3. Highlight grammatical basics.
4. Explain the reasons for the need for signs between parts.
5. Explain each sign in the PP.
6. Create a graphic diagram.

Examples of how to do punctuation analysis of a sentence:

I rang the bell, 1 the door opened, 2 but no one was visible behind it.3

Explanations:

3 – Period, narrative sentence.

1 – comma between PP.

2 – comma before the adversative conjunction “but”, between two simple ones.

The teacher gave instructions to Andrey, 1 because he was sure 2 that he could do such a thing, 3 he would do an excellent job 4 and 4 present the result, 5 without violating the deadlines. 6

6 is a period, because the purpose of the statement is storytelling.

1 – beginning of the first subordinate clause.

2 - the beginning of the second subordinate clause.

3 – differentiation of homogeneous subordinate clauses.

4 – signs are not needed, homogeneous predicates are connected by the conjunction “and”.

Example of punctuation analysis of a sentence

Punctuation, what it is, how to do punctuation work

Conclusion

Punctuation analysis requires knowledge of the rules and the ability to see the structure of the text. Each character needs to be explained from the position of the structure of the speech unit. What does it mean to perform punctuation analysis? Explain to yourself and the examiner the correctness of the choice of punctogram.