How to treat visual impairment. A sharp drop in vision: causes of deterioration in visual function

Thanks to his vision, a person receives almost 90% of the information about everything that surrounds him. That is why it is so important to take care of your eyes throughout your life.

However, not everyone can boast of good vision. According to statistics, today 130 million inhabitants of our planet have it rather bad. The reasons for this are sometimes congenital, as well as acquired health characteristics.

In most cases, vision deteriorates gradually and very slowly. Thanks to this, people have time to adapt to this or take all the necessary measures that can stop this process.

However, there are times when a person notes that his vision has dropped sharply. For many, this causes panic, depression, and significantly worsens the quality of life. Why does a person suddenly stop seeing well and how to restore health to the eyes?

Main reasons

Can vision go down? Of course, yes. Moreover, such a phenomenon can be different - temporary or permanent. In the first case, such a risk factor for human health does not pose. Complaints that vision has dropped sharply can come from people after a long sitting at a computer monitor.

Often the same symptom is observed with overwork or excessive overexertion. In such cases, complaints that vision has dropped sharply arise due to prolonged exposure to negative factors on the eyes. In addition, the causes of this symptom can be stress, as well as lack of sleep. There is no need to worry in such cases. If for these reasons vision has fallen sharply, what should be done to restore it? A person needs only to relax, without straining his eyes.

Parents often worry that their child's vision has dropped sharply. The reasons for this phenomenon will be discussed below.

In childhood, a real scourge of the eyes is a spasm of accommodation. This is the so-called false myopia, which provokes overwork of the muscle that serves as a regulator of the curvature of the lens. At an early age, the development of congenital myopia, or true myopia, often occurs. This happens, as a rule, at school due to a sharp increase in eye strain.

However, it is always worth remembering that our body is a rather complex, interconnected system. That is why not always the fall in vision can be associated with the eyes. And if there was no load on this organ, then you should go for a consultation with a doctor and check your general condition. After all, a person begins to see poorly, for example, due to diabetes, pituitary adenoma and other diseases. In general, all causes of sudden visual impairment can be divided into two groups. Among them are ophthalmic, which are directly related to the eyes, as well as general, provoked by the state of the body.

Varieties of pathology

There is a certain classification of the process, which is characterized by symptoms that confirm that vision has dropped sharply. Among these states:

1. Accommodation problems. In this situation, the clarity of vision is reduced. The person begins to look at objects, increasing the distance.
2. Problems with peripheral vision. In this situation, a person is not able to clearly see objects that are in the lateral part of his eyes.
3. Refractive problems. With such a deterioration in vision, it is difficult for the eyes to distinguish objects that are at a distance.
4. Violation of adaptation. In this case, it is difficult for the eyes to quickly get used to the lighting, which is changing rapidly. In this case, it becomes difficult for a person to distinguish the colors of objects.
5. characteristic violations. Such problems are accompanied by clouding in the lens area and the appearance of spots on the cornea. In this case, doubling of objects is often observed, as well as the formation of areas sensitive to light.

Be that as it may, if vision has fallen sharply, the causes of the pathology must be established immediately. After all, such a symptom is a kind of signal for action.

Ophthalmic factors

If vision has sharply fallen in one eye or in two at once, then diseases of the organs of vision can serve as the reason for this. Sometimes a similar problem occurs in those people who have a predisposition to such pathologies.

If for these reasons vision has fallen sharply, what to do in this case? First of all, you need to contact a specialist to exclude the possibility of an ophthalmic disease. Let's take a look at the most common ones.

Cataract

Why did my eyesight drop? This could happen due to the development of one of the pathologies of the lens, the most common of which is cataract. The elderly are at risk. However, such a disease can also be congenital.

It is believed that irreversible changes in the lens caused by cataracts develop due to metabolic disorders. Injuries can have a negative impact, as well as the influence of free radicals.

The first symptom of a cataract is decreased vision. What to do in this case? You should contact an ophthalmologist and start treatment immediately. If the disease is not stopped, then blindness is likely to develop. Conservative therapy in this case is ineffective. Elimination of cataract is possible only during the operation.

Acute infections

Such pathologies, as a rule, affect not one, but both eyes at once. Infections can be fungal, viral, or bacterial in nature. Consider some of the pathologies included in this group.

Ulcers of the eyes

A similar disease, due to which a sharp decrease in vision occurs, is formed as a result of infection. Sometimes mechanical damage contributes to its development.

Treatment of a corneal ulcer is carried out using drops with antibacterial action, as well as anti-inflammatory and hormonal drugs.

Keratitis

This pathology is an inflammatory process that affects various structures of the eyeball. In addition to viral and bacterial keratitis, they are also allergic, as well as toxic. After contacting a doctor and competently carried out treatment, vision, as a rule, is restored completely. However, after keratitis, cloudy spots on the cornea can sometimes remain. This phenomenon is accompanied by a persistent loss of vision.

Conjunctivitis

If a child's vision has dropped sharply, then the causes of this condition are often precisely these inflammatory diseases of the mucous membrane covering the sclera and the inner surface of the eye. Conjunctivitis also occurs in adults. Diagnosis of pathology is carried out by an ophthalmologist. The specialist conducts an external examination, instillation tests, biomicroscopy, as well as cytological and enzyme immunoassay of the conjunctiva scraping.

When the disease is confirmed, local treatment is carried out using eye ointments and drops. In addition, the conjunctival sac is washed with special solutions.

Leukoma

This disease has another name - thorn. The cause of the pathology, one of the symptoms of which is a sharp decrease in visual acuity, is inflammation or injury of the cornea of ​​​​the eye. The disease is also manifested by persistent clouding of the cornea.

Pathology often develops due to thermal or chemical eye burns, penetrating wounds, corneal ulcers, bacterial and herpesvirus inflammatory diseases, recurrent pterygiums of the 3rd-4th degree. One of the risk factors for the development of walleye is operative ophthalmic intervention. Congenital forms of the disease occur during intrauterine infection of the fetus. In addition to decreased vision, a patient with leukoma complains of increased lacrimation and photophobia. You can determine the pathology by the milky white color of the affected cornea. The only way to treat is surgery.

Optical neuropathy

If a person complains that his vision has dropped sharply in one eye, the reasons for this may be ischemic lesions. At the same time, a person does not feel pain syndrome. The examination reveals the pallor of the retinal membrane, as well as the presence of false edema of the optic nerve.

retinal migraine

Complaints that vision has dropped sharply occur in patients with discirculation in the region of the central artery of the eye retina. In this case, the patient, when looking at objects, has a blind area of ​​a certain size. This type of migraine can alternate with ophthalmic. In this case, with a sharp headache, visual dysfunctions occur in the form of flickering or sparks before the eyes.

Retinal detachment

A similar pathology occurs when the light-sensitive membrane in the eyeball detaches from the choroid. A similar process is accompanied by a decrease in vision, the appearance of a veil in front of the eye, the flashing of "lightning", "flashes", "sparks", "flies", etc. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out using tonometry, perimetry, visometry, ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy, ultrasound of the eye, as well as electrophysiological studies. Treatment is carried out surgically or using laser methods.

There are various causes of retinal detachment. So, pathology can be caused by thinning of this layer, eye injuries, tumor and inflammatory diseases of the organs of vision, heredity and other factors.

Retinal hemorrhage

The causes of this phenomenon, which causes a sudden drop in vision, are excessive physical activity, venous congestion, fragility of the walls of blood vessels, intraocular hypertension, or prolonged labor activity. Sometimes visually, this pathology is almost invisible. However, it is a great danger due to the presence of visual receptors in the retina. With any hemorrhage, an urgent appeal to an ophthalmologist is necessary, because in this case there is a high probability of detachment of the retina.

Symptoms of eye hemorrhage include:

• decreased clarity and visual acuity with a split image;
• limited movement of the eyeball;
• the appearance of a grid in front of the eyes and the flickering of "flies".

What to do if your vision has dropped sharply for this reason? First of all, see a doctor. Diagnosis of this disease is made by examining the fundus by a specialist using an ophthalmoscope. In addition, a general blood test is given, which will clarify the causes of hemorrhage. In the most difficult cases, surgery is performed.

Injuries

They can be chemical or mechanical. This group of pathologies also includes bruises of the eyeball. Thermal burns and fractures of the orbit provoke a decrease in vision. Foreign objects that have fallen into the eye are also considered injuries. Wounds caused by cutting and stabbing agents become especially severe. The loss of the eye's visual function is often the result of just such an impact. As for chemicals, when they enter the eye, as a rule, its deepest structures are affected. If an injury occurs, seek immediate medical attention.

Other pathologies

A sharp deterioration in vision can be the result of not only eye diseases. Often, its causes are various ailments of the internal organs. Among them:

1. Toxic neuropathy. In case of intoxication of the body with alcoholic surrogates or products resulting from the breakdown of methyl alcohol, sometimes there is a partial loss of vision.
2. Intervertebral hernia and osteochondrosis of the cervical region. With the development of degenerative disorders in the area of ​​the spinal canal, vascular compression occurs. This is the cause of impaired blood supply to the eyes.
3. Tumor of the pituitary gland. With neoplasms, the place of localization of which is this endocrine gland, compression of the optic nerves and a decrease in the quality of visual perception occur.
4. Diabetes. With this endocrine disease, metabolic disorders occur and prerequisites for diabetic retinopathy arise with the formation of a large number of capillaries in the retina.
5. Hypertension. Such a disease negatively affects the capillary network and disrupts the process of transporting oxygen to the retina.
6. Traumatic brain injury. In cases where a fracture or injury occurred in the area located at the base of the skull, or in the visual center, the visual ability of a person will be instantly impaired.
7. Retrobulbar neuritis. This disease accompanies the inflammatory process that occurs in the nerve endings. Among the main symptoms of the disease are decreased vision, flashing of "sparks" and "flies" before the eyes, pain and burning in them. The disease affects either one eye, or both at the same time.

In the case of diagnosing the diseases listed above, the doctor prescribes their treatment, which will eliminate the symptoms of the pathology, including decreased vision.

Now, according to statistics, about 130 million people with poor eyesight live on the planet, and about 35-37 million of those who are not able to see at all. The reasons for this can be both congenital and acquired features of human health. Most often, the process of visual impairment is quite slow, gradual, and a person has time to either adapt to this, or take measures that can stop the process. But sometimes there is a sharp deterioration in vision. The reasons for this process may be different.

First signs

If the quality of vision has deteriorated sharply, then the person becomes not only unable to lead his usual way of life, but often falls into a depressive state, which can turn into panic. The thing is that each of us receives the lion's share (up to 90%) of information about the environment through the eyes. Reading, watching interesting videos and TV, surfing the Internet and even finding the right place on the street - for all this, well-seeing eyes are simply needed.

What happens when a person's vision deteriorates? The very first symptom is the inability to clearly see the surrounding objects, especially those located far away. Also, the images become blurry, a “veil” may hang before the eyes, and a cloudy look is felt. Problems begin with obtaining information visually, the inability to read, etc. The more vision deteriorates, the more difficult it becomes to navigate in space.

Attention! Sometimes visual impairment, especially sharp, may not occur due to the fact that some eye diseases have developed. Often the cause that caused this condition is some kind of pathology of organs that are not related to the eyes.

Table. Types of visual impairment.

Main reasons

Visual impairment can be different - temporary or gradual and permanent. If the character is temporary, then this factor does not pose a danger as such to health and is usually caused by ordinary overwork, excessive eye strain, and long sitting at a computer monitor. Thus, a sharp deterioration is due to the fact that there is simply a long-term effect on the eyes. Stress and lack of sleep can also dramatically worsen vision. In this case, there is nothing to worry about, just give yourself a well-deserved rest without straining your eyes.

Not always a sharp deterioration in visual function is associated with the eyes. The human body is a complex system where everything is interconnected. And if the eyes did not experience a strong impact, and the vision fell anyway, then it's time to start worrying about the general condition. For example, you can start to see poorly due to diseases such as diabetes, pituitary adenoma, Basedow's disease, etc.

Attention! If visual impairment is associated with other diseases, then it is usually accompanied by additional symptoms that you need to pay attention to. These can be headaches, skin pallor, irritability, etc.

In general, the causes can be divided into ophthalmic, that is, associated specifically with the eyes, and general, which are associated with the state of the body.

Video: Why does vision deteriorate? Nearsightedness and farsightedness

Ophthalmic factors

Among the ophthalmic problems that cause rapid and sudden deterioration of vision, we can distinguish:

• mechanical or chemical injury(such as eye socket fractures, bruises, injections, toxic substances in the eyes, burns, etc.). Among them, the most dangerous are injuries caused by piercing and cutting tools, as well as chemical liquids that have occurred due to the ingress of chemical liquids into the eye. The latter often affect not only the surface of the eyeball, but are also capable of damaging deep-lying tissues;

  

• retinal hemorrhage. Often this is due to an excessive level of physical activity, prolonged labor, etc.;
• various types of eye infections- bacterial, fungal or viral. It can be conjunctivitis,;

  

• retinal tear or detachment. In the latter case, there is first some deterioration in vision in one eye, a veil appears. In this case, only a special operation will help restore the retina;
• macular degeneration. In this case, visual impairment is observed in people over the age of 45 years. The disease affects the area of ​​the retina where the largest number of light-sensitive receptors is located. Often this is associated with beriberi;
• cataract- a common disease associated with damage to the lens. Usually observed in the elderly, congenital is extremely rare. Often it is associated with a deterioration in metabolism, injuries, etc. In a neglected form, it is treated surgically;

  

• optic neuropathy. In this case, there is no pain syndrome;
• farsightedness and nearsightedness are the two most common visual pathologies. Nearsightedness is often caused by heredity, changes in the shape of the cornea, problems with the lens, or weakness of the eye muscles. Farsightedness is caused by a small diameter of the eye and problems with the lens. It usually occurs in people aged 25-65 years.

Other factors

Other factors often mean precisely some specific diseases of the body. For example, it could be diabetes. In this case, visual impairment is called "diabetic retinopathy". This symptom occurs in 90% of diabetics, especially those with type 1 diabetes. Visual impairment in this case is associated with damage to small vessels in the retina, which ultimately remains without a good blood supply.

Attention! With diabetes, complete loss of vision is also possible, so it is important for people suffering from this disease to visit an ophthalmologist regularly.

Various diseases of the thyroid gland can also reduce the clarity of vision. For example, toxic goiter or Basedow's disease. But with it there is another sign that is considered the main one - bulging eyes.

Sometimes vision can deteriorate due to problems with the spine. This is due to the fact that vision depends on the work of not only the brain, but also the spinal cord.

Attention! Often, vision problems develop in people with addictions - addiction to alcohol, smoking, etc.

Bilateral vision loss

This process can be observed in the following cases:

• ischemic neuropathy of the optical form when the retina is affected. Often occurs due to aortic arch syndrome with a sharp change in body position;
• bilateral infarction is often accompanied by color vision failure, this symptom is usually noted in the elderly;
• neuritis retrobulbar- one of the symptoms of widespread multiple sclerosis, occurs in about 16% of cases. Usually in this case, problems arise with central vision;
• increased intracranial pressure often accompanied by amblyopia, the duration of which can vary from seconds to minutes;
• when temporal arteritis the vessels of the head, eyes are affected, because of which vision deteriorates.

What to do if vision drops

Vision can be lost very quickly if nothing is done at the first signals of its deterioration. In most cases, this is due to inattention to one's health. How to act in order to restore the functioning of the visual apparatus or stop the process of vision deterioration?

Vision correction with contact lenses

Lenses vary in how long they are worn. For example, one-day lenses from Bausch + Lomb Biotrue® ONEday (Biotra one-day) are popular. They are made of HyperGel material (HyperGel), which is similar to the structures of the eye and tear, contains a large amount of moisture - 78% and provides comfort even after 16 hours of continuous wear. This is the best option for dryness or discomfort from wearing other lenses. These lenses do not need to be looked after, a new pair is put on every day.

There are also scheduled replacement lenses - silicone hydrogel Bausch + Lomb ULTRA, using MoistureSeal® technology (MoyschSil). They combine high moisture content, good oxygen permeability and softness. Thanks to this, the lenses are not felt when worn, do not damage the eyes. Such lenses need care using special solutions - for example, ReNu MultiPlus (Renu MultiPlus), which moisturizes and cleans soft lenses, destroying viruses, bacteria and fungi, is used to store lenses. For sensitive eyes, the ReNu MPS solution (Renu MPS) with a reduced concentration of active ingredients is optimal. Despite the softness of the formula, the solution effectively removes deep and surface dirt. For long-term moisturizing of lenses, solutions with hyaluronic acid, a natural moisturizing component, have been developed. For example, the Biotrue universal solution (Biotru), which, in addition to removing contaminants, bacteria and fungi, provides 20-hour moistening of the lenses due to the presence of a hyaluronan polymer in the product.

It helps to improve the condition of the eyes and a number of relaxing exercises. They will be especially useful for those who work a lot at the computer. The simplest exercise is to close the eyes and contemplate the imaginary nature. Sometimes people visualize just pleasant moments in life or dream.

Attention! Eyes can get tired not only because of work, but also because of emotional overstrain. Therefore, returning to the past and remembering pleasant moments will be a good idea to replenish internal resources and relax.

It is also important to take care of your diet. It must be balanced and provide the body with all the nutrients it needs to work.

It is also important to have regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist. At the first sign of visual impairment, you need to consult a doctor immediately to identify the causes and prescribe the correct treatment. It may also be necessary to visit other specialists if the visual impairment is not associated with ophthalmic processes.

Video: What to do if distance vision worsens

How to strengthen eyesight?

Step 1. Carrots are rich in vitamin A, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the eyes. Therefore, it is important to eat as many carrots as possible in different forms. It is also important to consume foods rich in iron and zinc.

Step 2 Surprisingly, action games will help strengthen your eyes. This is reported by the results of a study conducted by scientists published in 2007. The eyes seem to train when they follow the active actions taking place on the screen. So you need to change your favorite genre of games to "action".

Step 3 It is required to include several walks in the fresh air in the daily routine, and during the holidays it is imperative to get out into nature.

Step 5 You need to visit an ophthalmologist regularly to check the condition of the eyes. This will help prevent the development of any diseases and take timely measures to improve vision if necessary.

Step 6 It is important to limit the time spent at the computer or watching TV. Loads on the eyes should be strictly dosed. If this is not possible, then it is required to periodically interrupt and do exercises for the eyes.

Step 7 Sports and exercise will help strengthen the eyes. It is recommended to add at least 1-2 workouts per week to your schedule.

Step 8 Done if necessary.

Video: Causes of vision loss

Vision is a great gift that nature has given to man. And, of course, you need to protect it. Otherwise, you can lose many of the joys of life. Therefore, at the slightest sign of visual impairment, it is important to immediately take care of helping the eyes.

Read our article.

The texts of business papers, the computer screen, and in the evening also the “blue light” of the TV - with such a load, few people's eyesight does not deteriorate. Can this process be stopped? Experts believe that a lot depends on us.

Why does vision weaken? Reason 1

Lack of work of the eye muscles. The image of objects that we see depends on the retina, the light-sensitive part of the eye, as well as on changes in the curvature of the lens - a special lens inside the eye, which the ciliary muscles cause to become either more convex or flatter - depending on the distance from the object. If you constantly focus on the text of a book or a computer screen, then the muscles that control the lens will become lethargic and weak. Like all muscles that do not have to work, they lose shape.

Conclusion. In order not to lose the ability to see well far and near, you need to train the eye muscles by regularly performing the following exercise: focusing your eyes either on distant or close objects.

Reason 2

Retinal aging. The cells in the retina of the eye contain the light-sensitive pigment with which we see. With age, this pigment is destroyed and visual acuity decreases.

Conclusion. To slow down the aging process, you need to regularly eat foods containing vitamin A - carrots, milk, meat, fish, eggs. Vitamin A dissolves only in fat, so it is better to add sour cream or sunflower oil to carrot salad. Fatty meats and fish should not be completely avoided. And it is better to drink milk not only skimmed. A special substance that restores visual pigment is found in fresh blueberries. Try to treat yourself to these berries in the summer and stock up for the winter.

Reason 3

Deterioration of blood circulation. Nutrition and respiration of all cells of the body is carried out with the help of blood vessels. The retina of the eye is a very delicate organ, it suffers at the slightest circulatory disorders. It is these violations that ophthalmologists are trying to see when examining the fundus.

Conclusion. Get regular check-ups with an ophthalmologist. Circulatory disorders of the retina lead to serious diseases. If you have a predisposition to this, the doctor will prescribe you drugs that improve the condition of the vessels. There are also special diets that allow you to maintain blood circulation in good condition. In addition, you need to take care of your blood vessels: a long stay in a steam room or sauna, procedures in a pressure chamber, pressure drops are not for you.

Reason 4

Eye-strain. Retinal cells suffer both when exposed to too bright light, and from stress in low light.

Conclusion. To save your light-sensitive cells, you need to protect your eyes from too bright light with sunglasses, and also do not try to look at small objects and read in low light. It is very harmful to read in transport - uneven light and swaying have a bad effect on vision.

Reason 5

Dryness of the mucous membrane of the eye. For clarity of vision, the purity of the transparent shells through which the beam of light reflected from objects passes is also very important. They are washed with special moisture, so we see worse when the eyes are dry.

Conclusion. For visual acuity, it is useful to cry a little. And if you can’t cry, special eye drops are suitable, which are close in composition to tears.

The main enemy is the screen

Working with a computer makes the eyes strain especially hard, and it's not just about the text. The human eye is similar to a camera in many ways. To take a clear "shot" of the image on the screen, which consists of flickering dots, he needs to constantly change focus. Such a setting requires a lot of energy and an increased consumption of the main visual pigment - rhodopsin. Nearsighted people use this enzyme more than those who see normally. Therefore, a situation arises that is extremely unfavorable for your eyes.

Not surprisingly, as a result, myopia begins to increase. At the same time, a feeling of depth of the visible image is created on the computer screen, which is especially dangerous. Why do artists rarely have myopia? Because they constantly train their eyes, looking from a sheet of paper or canvas to distant objects. Therefore, when working with a computer, one should not forget about the safety rules that are required when working with text.

Specialists of the Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases. Helmholtz believe that "computer glasses" equipped with special filters that bring the color characteristics of monitors closer to the spectral sensitivity of the human eye can be very useful. They can be both with diopters and without. Eyes armed with such glasses are much less tired.

The following technique is also useful for training vision. Having picked up the printed text, slowly bring it closer to your eyes until the outlines of the letters lose their clarity. The inner muscles of the eyes tense up. When the text is gradually pushed back to arm's length, without ceasing to look at it, they relax. The exercise is repeated for 2-3 minutes.

Candidate of Medical Sciences Alexander Mikhelashvili advises to pay special attention to the eyes at a time when long weeks of “light starvation” have depleted our visual strength, and new forces have not yet been developed due to spring beriberi. At this time, the retina especially needs nutrition, because it has to spend much more visual pigment than usual. In this case, blueberry preparations will come to the rescue, which, by the way (only in the form of jam) during the Second World War, was given to pilots of the British Royal Air Force to improve vision during night flights.

Gymnastics for the eyes

1. Close and open your eyes tightly. Repeat 5-6 times with an interval of 30 seconds.

2. Look up, down, to the sides, without turning your head, 3 times with an interval of 1-2 minutes. Do the same with your eyes closed.

3. Rotate the eyeballs in a circle: down, right, up, left and in the opposite direction. Repeat 3 times with an interval of 1-2 minutes.

Do the same with your eyes closed.

4. Close your eyes tightly for 3-5 seconds, then open them for 3-5 seconds. Repeat 6-8 times.

5. Blink rapidly for a minute.

6. It is also useful to hang a bright calendar, photograph or picture at a distance of 1-2 m from the desktop (this place should be well lit) in order to look at it from time to time during classes.

7. Extend your arm in front of you and look at the tip of your finger at a distance of 20-30 cm for 3-5 seconds. Repeat 10-12 times.

8. This exercise also has a good effect on the eyes: standing up to the window, look at the glass for some point or scratch (you can stick a small circle of dark plaster), then look, for example, at the television antenna of a neighboring house or a branch of a tree growing far away.

By the way

In order for the text to cause minimal “harm” to the eyes, the distance from the eyes to the paper with a straight back should be about 30 cm, and it is better if the book or notebook is located at a right angle to the eye, that is, the table surface should be slightly inclined, like a desk.

An effective remedy for restoring vision without surgery and doctors, recommended by our readers!

Violation of the normal operation of visual functions is a loss of the ability to see the surrounding things, phenomena and objects. If the first signs of such a disease appear, it is necessary to contact a treating specialist who will establish the causative factor and be able to select an adequate rational treatment. This is especially important in the formation of such phenomena as pain in the head, the appearance of bright spots or flies in front of the eye area. The doctor will tell you how to stop the deterioration of vision, what measures to take to treat it, what to do to make the function better and more efficient.

Varieties of the pathological process

If vision has deteriorated, this picture can have several varieties, depending on the causative factors.

Problems with normal accommodation - in this situation, there is a deterioration in clarity when a person examines objects at a remote distance.

Difficulties with peripheral vision - in this situation, the person suffers from the fact that he loses the ability to clearly detect objects that are on the side of the eyes.

A refractive error involves a deterioration in the ability of the eyes to distinguish certain objects that are at a distance, as a result, the eyes experience difficulty in adapting to lighting.

Adaptation disorders - the eyes cannot rationally and quickly enough get used to the lighting, which tends to change rapidly. This makes it difficult to distinguish between different colors.

Characteristic disorders - they are accompanied by the appearance of spots and fogging from the side of the lens, while doubling can be observed, the formation of departments that are sensitive to light.

In any case, a sharp deterioration in vision is a kind of signal for action and involves the timely determination of the causative factor.

Causes

The causes of visual impairment are diverse and exist in a fairly large number. Pathology arises and manifests itself against the background of the following phenomena:

• stressful situations and depressive states;
• pathological processes of the retina, lens, cornea;
• smoking and abuse of junk food, alcohol;
• age-related deterioration of vision after 40-45 years;
• eye injuries and tissue disorders;
• excessive fatigue and noticeable fatigue;
• prolonged stay at the computer.

In general, all causative factors can be pathological or physiological in nature. If in the first situation the causes are caused and generated by diseases, then in the second case a natural process is assumed caused by natural factors, for example, visual impairment during pregnancy.

Diseases in the area of ​​the lens

The lens is a biconvex lens of biological origin. It is related to all systems of the eye and forms its ability to focus on certain objects. When its properties change for the worse, a decrease in visual acuity is observed.

Cataract

This is the most common pathology, when it occurs, the natural lens becomes cloudy, which provokes a deterioration in visual function. There are no conclusively identified factors that cause a decrease in visual acuity, there is an assumption that they are associated with metabolic problems and the influence of free radicals. If symptoms of visual impairment are detected, it is important to visit a physician, as final blindness may occur.

farsightedness

This condition is pathological in nature and acts as a dominant symptom of other diseases, often it leads to a significant deterioration in visual function. The patient cannot see closely spaced objects; with age, the lens has the property of changing shape, so the contours are blurry, vision is reduced.

Myopia

This condition implies a noticeable deterioration in visual acuity when considering objects located far away. Such a factor may manifest itself in the course of specific features. The disease can be of a genetic nature, visual impairment is often observed in schoolchildren and adolescents, adults. Over time, if appropriate measures are not taken, even more significant deterioration may occur.

Diseases of the eye retina

This part of the eye is located behind and contains a set of nerve endings that perceive light rays and form a picture from them. To complete the picture, it must have zones of contact with the choroid, otherwise vision is noticeably impaired. Symptoms may be supplemented by headache, fever, redness, itching.

Macular degeneration

This pathology most often manifests itself in individuals who have reached the age threshold of 55 years or more, with damage to the place on the retina. With such a deterioration in vision, the symptoms are characterized by problems when looking at letters, blurred, fuzzy objects.

Retinal detachment

The function of normal vision may also deteriorate for a more global reason. In this case, several characteristic signs are observed: loss of visual acuity, the appearance of a veil before the eyes, the appearance of flashes, sparks. If drug therapy does not bring the desired result within the required time, a surgical method of treatment is prescribed.

Detachment of the vitreous body

The deterioration of far and near vision can also be caused by the functioning of the vitreous body. It is a substance that fills the inside of the eye and attaches to the retina. Most often, the disease manifests itself in the elderly, causing the fact of deterioration of vision after 40 years. As additional signs, several additional phenomena are distinguished in the form of the appearance of a veil, blurred visual function, flies, sparks and lightning.

Diabetes

Partial loss of vision in diabetes mellitus is a completely normal phenomenon, especially if the disease occurs in complicated forms. The disease is associated with the fact that there is a lesion of small vessels of fiber. In the capillaries, the development of atherosclerosis is observed, blood can stagnate. As basic signs, one can single out an inactive decrease in vision at the initial stage, but subsequently its sharp deterioration is observed, and the patient suffers from loss of vision in one eye or in both organs.

Clouding of the cornea

This process involves the formation of an infiltrate on the surface of the organ, which leads to a violation. This can be caused by a computer and can cause symptoms such as headache, redness and itching in the eyes, cloudy spots. As the cause of the disease, experts distinguish cicatricial changes.

Ulcerative disease of the cornea

Vision deteriorates due to the formation of a depression in the area of ​​​​the cornea, which is provoked by trauma, cracks or infectious processes. As symptoms, eye and headache may appear, which does not subside for a long time, growing every time, while outwardly no defects are observed.

Keratitis

This disease is an inflammatory process in the cornea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe eye, causing visual impairment. It includes a large group of diseases that cause a characteristic symptomatic picture. The disease can take the form of a bacterial, viral, fungal type. As signs, factors such as headache, gluing of the eyes in the morning, noticeable redness in the conjunctiva can be distinguished.

pituitary adenoma

The pituitary gland is a gland involved in the functioning of the endocrine system, located near the place where the optic nerves pass. The phenomenon suggests a benign tumor, implying specific disorders. As symptoms, various visual field disorders can be distinguished, while the eye can only see half of the area. Parts of the face may be enlarged, for treatment only the method of surgical intervention is used.

Diffuse goiter of toxic type

With deterioration of vision, this disease can become the cause, in another way it is referred to as Basedow's disease. The fatty tissue located inside the orbit grows noticeably and pushes the eye outward, causing a violation of the axes of the eyes and their normal position. A characteristic symptom of the disease is bulging eyes, double vision, sweating, headache and whirling, mood swings, weight loss. If you correctly approach the health complex, you can achieve the disappearance of all signs of this disease.

burns

They can be chemical or thermal in nature, the degree to which vision is lost depends on the severity of the damage to the eye. Signs include marked pain, loss of visual function, and a burning sensation. Symptoms also include headaches and blurred vision.

In this case, we are talking about damage to an organ by means of piercing or cutting objects, a traumatic phenomenon is quite dangerous, since it can lead to complete loss of vision and is accompanied by severe pain. To solve the problem, you can use eye drops with an antibiotic composition and make an appointment with a doctor.

Hemorrhage in the retinal area

This phenomenon can occur during an injury, due to noticeable physical exertion, as a result of childbirth, there is also a fact of visual impairment during pregnancy, venous stasis, and increased blood pressure. As the main symptom, it is possible to single out the vision by the injured person of a spot frozen in the field of vision.

Hemorrhage in the eye

In this case, there is an accumulation of blood in the orbit, as a result of this process, the protrusion of the eyeball occurs. As signs, one can single out a noticeable deterioration in the function of vision, the occurrence of double vision, and a violation of the location of the axes.

Strabismus

In another way, this phenomenon is called strabismus, it is most often formed in childhood and implies the inability of the eyes to work smoothly and in parallel. In this regard, apples cannot occupy a normal position. Weakness of the eye muscles, although temporary and only manifests itself in childhood, can lead to poor vision and deterioration in general condition.

Glaucoma

This phenomenon most often occurs by the age of forty and is a group of diseases, the causal factors of which are many, but they have not yet been fully identified. If you do not take measures for adequate treatment, as a result, the optic nerve can atrophy, and complete blindness occurs. With the disease, a violation of the distribution of fluid is manifested, it accumulates, which provokes an increase in pressure inside the eye. Most often, this is not a disease of one eye, since it affects both organs.

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We receive more than 80% of information about the world around us through the eyes. Therefore, when vision deteriorates, many people start to panic. It will be possible to answer the question of why vision is falling only after a thorough diagnosis by an ophthalmologist. In this article, we will only consider the most common causes of visual impairment.

How to understand that vision is falling?

• Presbyopia.

So called age-related farsightedness, which develops in people over 45 years old. Its main cause is the loss of the lens of its elasticity and ability to change shape. As a result, the refractive power decreases, and it becomes difficult for a person to distinguish small print, to see objects located nearby. As changes in the lens progress, visual acuity without proper correction may decrease from year to year.

• Astigmatism.

With this refractive error, the light rays are collected not in one, but in several foci, due to which the image doubles or becomes blurry. The cause of astigmatism is the broken sphericity of the cornea or the curved shape of the lens. This ailment can be aggravated by myopia or farsightedness, in which case visual impairment becomes even more obvious. To correct astigmatism, special toric lenses are needed.

Is your vision reduced due to eye disease?

Various ophthalmic diseases can be the reason why vision deteriorates.

• Cataract.

One of the most dangerous diseases that without adequate treatment leads to blindness. It is an irreversible clouding of the lens that most often occurs in older people. If your central vision deteriorates and you look at the surrounding objects as if through a veil, this is a serious symptom indicating a cataract. The danger of the disease is that early symptoms may not be noticeable, because clouding begins with the peripheral regions of the lens and does not affect the optical zone for some time. However, the disease is constantly progressing and without treatment, vision will inevitably deteriorate.

• Retinal detachment.

Another serious disease, dangerous complete loss of visual function. If vision has deteriorated in only one eye, flashes or sparks flash before the eyes, a veil effect has appeared, these may be symptoms of retinal detachment.

• Diabetic retinopathy.

In diabetes, the functioning of the eyes is impaired and so-called diabetic retinopathy occurs. With this disease, the capillaries of the retina are affected, and the eye tissues do not receive the necessary blood supply. A sharp drop in visual acuity or its complete loss in one eye indicates irreversible changes in the functioning of the visual system.

• Keratitis.

This is an inflammatory disease of the cornea that causes it to become cloudy and can result in loss of the eye if not treated appropriately. With keratitis, vision deteriorates as a result of a decrease in the transparency of the cornea. With early diagnosis, keratitis can be effectively treated, and then the visual function will be fully restored. If therapy is started late, an eyesore may remain.

• Glaucoma.

The most dangerous disease leading to the destruction of the optic nerve and ending in blindness. Vivid symptoms of progressive glaucoma are a decrease in peripheral vision, a gradual expansion of the affected area and limited visibility. At risk for the development of glaucoma are people over 60 years of age; those who have increased intraocular pressure; patients with diabetes mellitus, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular diseases. Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness in the world, so if you notice a deterioration in peripheral vision or other symptoms, you should immediately contact an ophthalmologist.

• Macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration of the retina is a lesion of the macula - the central zone of the retina, which leads to a gradual loss of vision. With this pathology, a person's perception of the shape, size, color of surrounding objects is disturbed. For example, a table leg may have an uncharacteristic shape and differ from the other three. When viewed from a different angle, one distortion disappears, but another appears. Also, for macular degeneration, the perception of objects in a reduced form is characteristic, flashing dots or luminous dashes may appear before the eyes. Sometimes visual acuity with such distortions may remain normal. With wet macular degeneration, retinal detachment can occur, and then vision deteriorates sharply, and a veil appears before the eyes.

This is not a complete list of dangerous eye diseases that affect vision. However, it is dangerous to make diagnoses without having a medical education. Only an experienced doctor can accurately answer the question why you began to see worse.

Bad eyesight is a reason to see a doctor

In addition to refractive errors, ophthalmic diseases, there are many other reasons why vision deteriorates. In any case, when the first symptoms appear, you should definitely consult an ophthalmologist.

The specialist will carry out diagnostic measures, establish the exact cause of vision problems and prescribe adequate treatment. In many cases, early diagnosis helps to save the situation, stop the progression of dangerous diseases, and correct existing disorders.