How to put a verb into the indicative mood. Imperative, subjunctive, indicative mood

Indicative mood

Mood, denoting that the action is thought of by the speaker as affirmed or denied, as quite real, actually happening, having happened or about to happen. The indicative mood differs from other moods in that it has tense forms.

The indicative mood can be used in the imperative sense:

a) to express an order that does not allow for either objection or refusal. You go to the doctor, write out a prescription from him and by three o’clock you will definitely return home with the medicine;

b) to encourage joint action (forms with the affix -te add a hint of polite invitation). Come quickly with me(Krylov). Let's go, my friend!(Chekhov). The same meaning is expressed in combination with the incentive particles give (give) and let's (let's). Let's fly away(Pushkin). Let's go(Chekhov).

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what the “indicative mood” is in other dictionaries:

indicative mood- The mood of the verb, denoting the actual action being performed in the present, future or past tense. Verbs in the indicative mood represent an action that: 1) took place in the past; 2) takes place in the present; 3) will take place in... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

See indicative... Five-language dictionary of linguistic terms

- (lat. modus indicativus) expresses the presence or absence of an unconditioned (objective) action, within one time or another, as if in contemplation of an action; various relations of the subject to this action are not determined by him and... ... Wikipedia

Mood- Mood is a grammatical category that expresses the attitude of the action named by the verb to reality from the point of view of the speaker. Mood is a grammatical way of expressing modality (V.V. Vinogradov). The grammatical meaning of the forms... ... Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary

Morphological category of conjugated (personal) forms of the verb. Represents an event as real in one of three verb tenses. The verb in the indicative mood changes according to persons and numbers, in the past tense according to gender. Expressed by a set of personal... ... Literary encyclopedia

See indicative mood (in the article mood) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Indicative- INDICATIVE. A verb form or a set of verb forms showing that the action or state denoted by the stem of the verb is thought by the speaker as actually happening, having happened, or about to happen. I.N... Dictionary of literary terms

INTENTION, inclinations, cf. 1. Action under Ch. tilt tilt and tilt tilt. 2. The form of the verb expressing how the action is presented as real, desired, required, etc. (gram.). Indicative. Imperative... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

TILT, I, Wed. In grammar: a system of forms (paradigm) of a verb expressing the relationship of an action to reality. Indicative, imperative, subjunctive n. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

MOOD, a grammatical category of a verb (see VERB), the forms of which express differences in the relation of the content of the statement to reality or in the relation of the speaker to the content of the statement (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood (+MP3), L. P. Kuznetsova. This textbook contains grammatical exercises on the use of indicative tenses (modo indicativo). The book provides keys to exercises for translation from Russian... eBook
• Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood, Kuznetsova Larisa Petrovna. This textbook contains grammatical exercises on the use of indicative tenses. The book provides keys to exercises for translating Russian into Spanish.…

In the Russian language there are subjunctive, imperative and indicative moods. The beauty for us, as native speakers of the Russian language, is that by the name we intuitively understand the essence of these grammatical categories, even if we cannot explain it from a linguistic perspective. used when there is a certain condition for performing an action. we use when we command or order someone to do something, and the indicative mood when we tell something, express thoughts. But this is a philistine approach. Let's look at the category of mood from the perspective of linguistics.

So, any, and not just the indicative, mood expresses the relationship of action to reality from the position of the one who speaks. Therefore, we can consider mood an intentional category, that is, depending on the speaker’s goal. To determine mood, the position of the subject is always determined first, since it determines whether the action is desired, possible, or intended.

The reality and possibility of action in 3 tenses - present, past and future - expresses the indicative mood. Example:

I never thought that Beijing is such a beautiful city.

Looking through old photographs, he involuntarily recalled the past.

It seems that nothing can be returned.

Wearily leaning on a stick, the old man hobbled along the snow-covered alley.

Next week I will go and talk to him, and by then you have all the documents ready.

Signs of the indicative mood are endings that indicate the person and the indicative mood can be perfective or imperfective and have the form of gender and number.

The indicative mood in English is close to that in Russian. It performs the same functions and also shows that an action can be carried out at different times.

The imperative mood shows the expression of will to a second person, the addressee of the message. The inclination can act as an order, a request. All forms of the imperative mood are used in the 2nd person exclusively in the active voice.

There are verbs from which it is not formed. These are “to be able”, “to see”, “to want”. The fact is that these verbs denote an action that cannot be controlled by a person. Some linguists consider the indicative mood as a type of imperative, or rather, its forms and combinations with the particle “let”. For example:

Leave the children alone, let them play.

Let it be as it will be, there is no need to change anything.

And also poetic forms with the particle “yes”:

Long live the peaceful sky, happiness and sun!

The examples described are called synthetic forms of the imperative.

The subjunctive mood expresses a theoretically possible action. This is action
can be realized if certain conditions are met. The mood is formed by adding the particle “would” to the verb, that is, analytically:

If only mushrooms could grow in your mouth!

Each part of speech has some of its own morphological features that characterize its grammatical properties. Knowing these distinctive features will allow you not only to use word forms correctly, but also to write them correctly. The characteristics influence, for example, the choice of suffixes for participles and gerunds and personal endings for nouns. To describe a verb, aspect (perfect and imperfect), reflexivity, transitivity, tense, number, person, gender and mood are used. The last characteristic helps to determine other unstable properties of this part of speech and makes it possible to find out whether one or another form of the verb can be formed. What are the subjunctive, imperative and indicative moods? What is their role?

Definition

First, you need to understand what inclination is. According to dictionaries, this is a grammatical category denoting the relationship of action to reality. In the Russian language there are three, as mentioned above, moods. It's a complicated formulation, isn't it? Let's try it simpler.

Each of the three moods is responsible for a specific situation. For example, to describe a possibility, an unreal, hypothetical action, the subjunctive mood is used (“I would go”, “I would read”, “I would draw”), which can be recognized by the particle “would”. In order to order something, there is an imperative mood ("tell me", "go away", "breathe"). The indicative mood of the verb allows you to report any action that occurred in the past, present and future - this is precisely the advantageous difference between this type of mood and others.

A little more theory

Let's move on to the times. As already mentioned just above, the indicative mood can exist in any tense of the Russian language, only the form of the verb will change from this ("read - read - will read", "wrote - will write"). But there is one clarification here, noticeable already in the examples: for verbs of the imperfect form, both past, present, and future tenses are available, while the perfect form forms only past and future forms. Try forming the present tense for the verb “to speak.” And make sure that you can do this only when its appearance changes. Thus, the form of the indicative mood allows you to understand what form a given verb has (easier to say, does it answer the question “what to do?” or “what to do?”).

Other moods

A useful clarification: not only the indicative mood allows us to talk about the tense of the verb. In the case of the subjunctive (by the way, it is also called conditional), everything is simple: exclusively past, formed with the help of the suffix “l” (“I would read”, “I would go”, “I would rest”, “I would knit”). Consequently, words have only number and gender, no person. The particle “would”, which serves as a kind of beacon of this type of mood, can appear both before and after the verb, and, in principle, can be found in any part of the sentence.

The indicative and imperative moods have person and number, but in the case of the latter one cannot talk about gender: for “orders” only the second person (“you/you”) is available in the singular and plural (“refuse/refuse”, “pour/pour” , "leave/leave"). By the way, there is one caveat here: using the particle “let” or “yes” you can translate any verb in the third person (“he, she, it, they”) into the imperative mood (“let him return,” “long live”).

Nuances

Sometimes it happens that the indicative mood of a verb can be used in the imperative sense. Some researchers note that we can talk about the transition of one mood to another in the case when an order is expressed that does not tolerate objections (“will you go”, “will you say”), or to indicate an incentive for joint action (“let’s start”, “let’s go” ). In the latter case, the particles “come on”/“let’s” and intonation emphasis on the verb are also used, explaining its meaning in context. Compare: “Tomorrow we will go to the mountains” and “Let’s go for a ride!” - the same word, but the shades of meaning are different.

Repetition

Now let's try to consolidate information about all types of inclination.

Subjunctive (also conditional) is a hypothetical action, a possible situation. It is formed by adding the particle “would” (“b”) to the past tense verb, has no person, changes only in numbers and gender: “would have said”, “would have drunk”, “would have thrown”.

Imperative - order or instruction. Verbs of the second person singular and plural are used, but sometimes the third person with the particle “let” is allowed: “speak”, “refuse”, “let him sing”, “long live”.

The indicative mood is a description of an event that was happening at any moment. Exists in the past, present and future tense, in all persons, numbers and genders (for imperfective verbs, for the perfect - only in the past and future tense). Under certain conditions, it can transform into other types of inclination. For repetition, we will use a table that shows all forms of the verb “read”.

As you can see, everything is very simple. In fact, the mood of verbs is one of the simplest topics in the Russian language, so remembering all its nuances will not be difficult at all.

In the Russian language, there are three types of verb mood: indicative, imperative and conditional. The latter is also called the subjunctive. This is a very important classification because each form listed helps determine how what is mentioned in the sentence relates to reality. The chosen mood of the verb may imply a request or order that the action has happened, is happening or will happen in reality, and also that it is only desired or will take place if some necessary conditions are met.

The first type is indicative, which is also called “indicative”. This form means that the action has happened, is happening, or will actually happen. Verbs in the indicative mood change tenses. Moreover, for imperfective verbs, all three tenses take place: past, present and complex future (for example: thought - I think - I will think, I did - I do - I will do, I looked for - I look for - I will look for), and for the perfective form there are only two: past and simple future (for example: came up with - I'll come up with done - I'll do it, found it - I'll find it). In the future and present tenses, the vowel at the end of the infinitive stem disappears in some cases (for example: hear - hear, see - see).

Second type - conditional or subjunctive mood, which is also called “subjunctive”. This form means that the action did not actually happen, but is only desired, planned in the future, unrealizable, or will be realized if some necessary conditions are met. (For example: I would fly into space to study distant stars. In a year I would like to go to the sea. I would read other people's thoughts. I would go for a walk if the rain stops.) Verbs in the present and future tense are not used to form the conditional mood. It is composed exclusively with the help of a past tense verb (that is, the base of the infinitive, adding the suffix “-l-”), as well as the particle “would” or “b”. These particles can be found both before and after the verb, and can also be separated from it by other words. (For example: I would go to the museum. I would love to go to the museum). Verbs in the conditional mood change by number, and in the singular also by gender, but they never change by person and, as already stated, by tense. (For example: I would look, I would look, I would look).

Third type - imperative mood, which is also called “imperative”. This form means a request, advice, order, or encouragement to action. Verbs in the imperative mood are most often used in the 2nd person. In this case, they have a zero ending in the singular and a “-te” ending in the plural. They also do not change over time. The imperative mood is formed using a verb stem in the present or simple future tense, to which is added the suffix “-and-” or in some cases a zero suffix. (For example: Remember, you must do this! Stop doing nonsense! Watch this movie!)

It is also possible to use the 1st person plural form. It is used to encourage joint action in which the speaker will also participate. Then the imperative mood is formed using the infinitive of an imperfective verb or a perfective verb in the future tense, preceded by the following words: come on, let's. (For example: Let's go to the cinema. Let's cook breakfast. Let's try this dish.)

The 3rd person singular and plural forms are used to form the imperative mood when it is necessary to express an impulse to action of people not participating in the dialogue. In this case, it is formed using a verb in the form of the present or simple future tense and the following particles: yes, let, let. (For example: Let him buy bread. Let them come to me. Long live the king!)

From time to time, to soften the order, the particle “-ka” is added to imperative verbs (for example: Go to the store. Show me the diary. Bring me a book.)

In some cases, there are exceptions when mood forms are used in a figurative sense, namely in a meaning that is usually characteristic of another mood.

Thus, a verb in the form of the imperative mood can take on the meaning of the conditional mood (for example: Without his will, nothing would have happened. If he had not noticed the loss in time, disaster would have happened.) or indicative mood (for example: And she suddenly said that she had already seen this man. And he can do it his way!)

A verb in the indicative mood can take on an imperative meaning. (For example: Get up quickly, you'll be late! Let's go dig potatoes.)

A verb in the conditional mood can also take on an imperative meaning. (For example: I would tell it like it is. Would you help your friend in need?.)

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A variety of verbs lived in the Vocabulary Kingdom, in the Verb State. And this country was ruled by three sovereign-kings at once, three siblings under the name Verbal Moods. The older brother was called the Imperative Mood, the middle one was the Indicative Mood, and the younger brother was called the Conditional Mood of the Verb. All three king moods were a grammatical category of verbs.

The elder brother, Glagola, was strict, he constantly ordered something to everyone, demanded something, forced someone. “Go there, do that, go to work, go to bed!” - that's all we heard from him. And when he was angry, he would briefly exclaim: “Sleep! Be silent! Step by step!”

No, of course, he was an extremely fair ruler. And he treated those who did not need orders quite nicely, expressing his request calmly and civilly. For example: “Please, plant more rose bushes in my garden!” or “Please make fried chicken for lunch today!”

And it also happened when he was in the most wonderful mood and affectionately suggested to someone: “Let's go to the movies! Let's play! Long live scented and mint soap. Be healthy!”

The verbs used by the sovereign, the Imperative Mood, could change according to gender and number, but had no tenses. For example, “prepare” is the 2nd person plural, and “prepare” is the 2nd person singular. “Let's cook” - 1st person plural.

Verbs in the imperative mood of the singular 2nd person have their own form, unique only to this mood: they add the postfix “and” to the verb base or use a method of formation without a suffix: “to speak - speak”, “to laugh - laugh”.

The ending “those” is added to the plural: “speak”, “laugh”.

But, if the Imperative Mood did not address his interlocutor, but meant third parties who did not directly participate in the dialogue, the verbs in speech had the form of the 3rd person, either singular or plural in the indicative mood, but with the addition of the words “let”, “let them” or “yes”: “let them go,” “let them come,” “let there be light.”

Of course, we have already noticed that in anger the elder brother threw out sharp short orders, expressing them: “sit!”, “be silent!”

When he was in a good mood and invited his subjects or friends, for example, to have a little fun, he used to invite the plural of the 1st person of the indicative mood of the perfect form in combination with the words “come on” or “let’s”: “let’s go”, “come on” Let's have lunch."

The middle brother, Indicative Mood of the Verb, was also an honest, fair man, in general, a realist. He spoke in a common and understandable language, using in his speech verbs of all known persons and numbers, as well as in all existing tenses. Verbs in the indicative mood denote a real action occurring at the present time, in the past or planned in the future.

And even if the sovereign named Indicative Mood was joking or simply lying, fantasizing, then this was in no way reflected in his speech. He used the same verbs with which he spoke about true things. It was only possible to guess that at the moment the king was telling a fairy tale, and not narrating his latest fiction or an amazing, fantastic story that he had just composed.

While talking, he used verbs in all possible persons, numbers, genders and tenses. For example, in the present tense this part of speech could be conjugated: “I think” - 1st person, “you count” - 2nd person, “he counts” - 3rd person. And in numbers it also changed. If in the proposed version the verbs were singular, then “we count,” “you count,” and “they count” are defined as plural verbs.

And the third brother was a very soft and indecisive ruler. Yes, he, in fact, did not give any orders, did not issue decrees. Most often, the Conditional Mood of the Verb gave cautious advice to his brothers: “It would be better, my dear brother, Imperative Mood of the Verb in the Russian Language, if you ordered less, and were gentler with your subjects...” or “If I were you, I would walk around more.” fresh air".

Sometimes the Subjunctive Mood (and it had such a name) was attacked by daydreaming. He went into the field and imagined all sorts of amazing things.

“If I had wings, I would fly above the earth like a bird!” By the way, the verbs that he used in his speeches could change according to gender and number. The tense y is not determined, but the verb in the subjunctive mood has a form with the particle “b” or “would”.

The brothers were very friendly with each other. Therefore, sometimes they used in their speech those forms of verbs that were characteristic of a different mood. That is, for example, the imperative mood was often found in the meaning of the indicative mood: “Here she takes it and turns her head in his direction.” And sometimes the form of the imperative mood can even have the meaning of a subjunctive: “If you hadn’t come on time, you might not have caught me.”

And in some cases, a verb in the indicative mood suddenly turned into an order, that is, it was used with the meaning of an imperative mood: “Well, why are you up? Let's go, let's go!"

The form of the conditional mood also sometimes has an imperative meaning: “You should talk to Natalya, she has accumulated so many gaps!”

And so they ruled their wonderful kingdom happily ever after. And they still rule to this day.