What types of vaccinations are there for measles and rubella? Measles-rubella-mumps vaccination: schedule, preparation, complications and contraindications

Hello again, my dear readers! Today we’ll talk about what should be instilled in our children from a very young age. Politeness, accuracy, ability to empathize, respect for elders? Undoubtedly. But in addition to moral values, there is another one - health. And it is necessary to maintain it not only with constant prevention, but also with medication.

I know that among you there are probably ardent opponents of vaccinations. We will also devote one of the topics to abandoning them. Let me make a reservation right away: I myself am one of the mothers who undergo all mandatory vaccinations with their children strictly according to schedule. However, I am loyal to those who are categorically against it. How many people, so many opinions.

I will try to explain why vaccinations are still important and necessary, we will be especially interested in revaccination: measles, rubella, mumps, at 6 years of age.

What kind of “beast” is a pig?

First, let's remember what kind of diseases these are, how they are transmitted and manifest in children.

Measles. A viral disease that is easily transmitted by coughing, sneezing, that is, by airborne droplets. You can recognize it by the following signs: runny nose, cough, general malaise, fever, and most importantly, a rash all over the body. The measles virus is very tenacious and pervasive. It is capable of traveling long distances, and if it gets into the body, it will most likely manifest itself soon.

Rubella. The route of infection is the same. Typically, symptoms begin to appear on days 10-11: fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, rash in the form of small spots. Children tolerate the disease quite easily.

Mumps. Popularly known as a pig. The face of the sick person, indeed, is more reminiscent of the muzzle of this animal: it is rounded, the salivary glands (submandibular and parotid) swell. The mumps virus is not so tenacious, and you can only become infected if you have direct contact with a sick person. The general condition worsens, the temperature rises, then the salivary glands enlarge. It becomes painful and difficult for the patient to chew and swallow food. Complications of mumps are quite dangerous for the reproductive system: inflammation of the testicles occurs in boys and men, and inflammation of the ovaries in girls, which can lead to infertility.

One injection is not enough

Unfortunately, universal pills for these three diseases have not yet been invented, so immunization remains the only way to combat them to this day. One vaccine is enough to counter three dangerous viruses at once. However, they do it more than once.

The first vaccination occurs at 1-1.5 years of age and is given in the thigh. The second, in accordance with the national vaccination calendar - for 6-7 years, is done in the forearm. If you were unable to meet the deadline, it is important to go to the hospital as soon as possible and get vaccinated. Growing up, the child communicates with more and more people, in kindergarten, school, on the street, in the sports section, and each of the interlocutors can be a potential carrier of the virus.

By the way, dear mothers, were you vaccinated yourself as a child? If not, then grab your medical insurance policy and run to the clinic. If you get sick, you will be in serious trouble. I apologize for the pun, but the complications of measles and mumps in adulthood are very difficult to bear.

So, we figured out when and where to get the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine.

"Reactive" consequences

Now let’s talk about how such a “triple” blow of the vaccine is tolerated. You need to be prepared for the fact that the reaction will be significant and resemble the disease in its lighter and slightly accelerated version. However, vaccination is the introduction of a virus into the body in a microscopic dose, so that antibodies are developed and the real infection cannot penetrate and harm.

Most children and adults tolerate MMR vaccination quite easily, but some may experience:

• Temperature (6-12 days after administration, it may rise to 39 degrees or higher; usually lasts up to 2-5 days with accompanying symptoms: chills, aches. If the fever is significant, then you can bring it down).
• Rash (a fairly rare occurrence; it may appear in the form of red spots on the body and limbs 7-10 days after vaccination).
• Enlarged lymph nodes (as a rule, they enlarge throughout the body, in most vaccinated people. This is not dangerous).
• Joint pain (usually observed in children and women; discomfort and pain are concentrated in the area of ​​the hands and fingers)
• Pain and numbness at the injection site (the “button” thickens and causes some concern, but this reaction of the body to the vaccine is completely normal; sometimes the injection site makes itself felt for several weeks).
• Swelling and pain in the scrotum. (sometimes boys and men experience just such a reaction. After some time, the pain and swelling go away without affecting reproductive function in any way).

How to avoid complications

Well-known pediatrician Dr. Komarovsky urges not to confuse the normal reaction to the vaccine and the side effects from it. Some vaccinations are easier to tolerate, others are more difficult. After CCP, it is rare, but complications do occur. Here are some of them:

• Allergies (swelling, redness). It is associated with the content of the antibiotic in the vaccine and the residual protein on which it was grown. It can go away on its own, but sometimes it requires treating the swollen area with ointments (troxevasin) or taking antihistamines.
• Cramps. Appear against a background of high fever 6-11 days after injection. You can alleviate the child’s condition with antipyretic drugs, but if it worsens, it is better to see a neurologist. The doctor must make sure that there is no damage to the organic nervous system.
• Diseases associated with drug administration. They are quite rare, but it is better to know about them. Serous meningitis (non-purulent inflammation of the meninges) can develop due to the anti-mumps component of the vaccine. Measles post-vaccination encephalitis (damage to brain tissue, more often in children with immunodeficiency).

To avoid sad consequences, it is important to know when it is better to postpone the MMR vaccination (and many others) or refuse it altogether. Every mother should know these contraindications by heart:

• severe weakening of the immune system, immunodeficiency;
• severe allergies after previous vaccinations;
• serious pathologies and chronic diseases.

Sometimes, if a baby has a common runny nose and cough, the doctor advises first to be cured, and only then get vaccinated. In general, reviews of the “triple” action vaccine are quite good. As a rule, there are no complications. A child vaccinated on time acquires lasting immunity against mumps, rubella and measles.

Today, a certain proportion of parents say that they do not see the need to vaccinate their children. But today, the diseases against which vaccinations are given have by no means become any less serious or dangerous.

According to the vaccination schedule, a child is given a vaccine against three serious diseases a year - measles, rubella and mumps, commonly called “mumps”.

About diseases

Measles is a viral disease transmitted by airborne droplets. The temperature rises to 39 degrees, and sometimes even higher. The condition is quite serious, there is a runny nose and conjunctivitis. A characteristic sign of measles is a white rash on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, then it spreads to the whole body. At first, the disease occurs as an acute respiratory viral infection. But after a few days the situation worsens, the temperature rises and a rash appears.

Up to one year of age, babies rarely get measles; they are protected by the immunity they receive from their mother. But measles is especially difficult for children under 3 years of age and adults. The disease is transmitted to contact persons in 95% of cases.

Complications after measles can be different, ranging from otitis media to encephalitis. After measles, a temporary state of immunodeficiency develops, that is, the body is not able to protect itself from infections, which is fraught with secondary diseases.

Rubella is a viral disease. In childhood, rubella is tolerated better and easier than in adults. In the first few days, the temperature rises to 38 degrees, the lymph nodes become enlarged, and a rash appears on the limbs and sides of the body. The rash from rubella goes away after 5 days, and the disease subsides after 10 days. Rarely, complications of rubella such as encephalitis occur.

But the main danger of rubella is for unvaccinated pregnant women. If a woman becomes infected with rubella during pregnancy, this will most likely affect her child. Miscarriage, stillbirth, or the birth of a child with deformities and many pathologies are possible.

Mumps is a viral infection that affects the salivary glands near the ears and under the jaw, making it difficult for the patient to chew and swallow. Complications after mumps are dangerous. This may be pancreatitis, meningitis, meningoencephalitis. The consequence of mumps in 5% of affected women can be oophoritis or inflammation of the ovaries. In 20-30% of sick men, mumps leads to the development of orchitis, that is, inflammation of the testicles. These diseases in certain cases lead to infertility. Mumps is a very dangerous disease in its consequences. It is easier to prevent mumps than to suffer from it.

All three of these diseases still occur today and you can get sick from them. But it is not possible to somehow prevent complications of the disease. Therefore, the only reliable remedy against these diseases is vaccination.

What vaccines are there for measles, rubella and mumps?

There are several types of vaccines against these diseases. It is difficult to predict which one will be better for the person being vaccinated. There is a domestically produced double vaccine against measles and mumps and an Indian monovalent vaccine against rubella; they are most often used for the corresponding vaccinations. Thus, the baby receives two vaccinations at once, the instructions allow this.

There is an imported Belgian triple vaccine Priorix, which is used for vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps at the same time. There are other similar foreign drugs. It is difficult to say which vaccine is better tolerated; a lot depends on the individual reaction of the recipient.

All of these vaccines are based on weak strains of viruses that will not cause disease, but can help the body develop lasting immunity against these diseases. As the instructions indicate, the drugs are available in dry powder form. Before use, they must be diluted; a solvent is included. After dilution, the medication should not be stored, warm or exposed to light. All this destroys the drug and makes it ineffective.

The instructions prescribe vaccination subcutaneously in the subscapular region of the back or in the shoulder. Children under 3 years old are given an injection in the outer thigh. These places have a weak fat layer, and if the drug gets into the fat, the vaccination will be useless. It is deposited there, that is, it simply remains, entering the circulatory system too slowly to obtain a sufficient effect. Revaccination is done upon reaching 6 years of age before going to school in case immunity against diseases has not been sufficiently developed.

The instructions say that there are some contraindications to vaccinations. These are the following restrictions.

1. Acute diseases and exacerbations of chronic diseases. You can get vaccinated for mild forms of ARVI or intestinal disorders, but if the body temperature is not elevated.
2. Pregnancy. The vaccination can be done no later than 3 months before possible pregnancy.
3. Allergy to previous administration of the drug.
4. After transfusion of blood products, vaccination can be given no earlier than 3 months after the transfusion procedure.

How the body might react

Most people tolerate the vaccine without any reaction at all. A normal local reaction to the vaccine is possible. This slight redness and swelling of the injection site is observed in 10% of vaccinated people.

A general reaction of the body is also possible. Body temperature may rise, lymph nodes become enlarged and painful, a runny nose, sore throat and a slight cough may appear. Joint pain and rash may occur. The reaction is most often delayed, that is, it appears 5-15 days after the vaccination. Any such reaction is normal and indicates that the body’s immunity is working; these are rather side effects. Let's look at all these reactions in more detail.

• The temperature rises. It can even rise to 39-40 degrees. It is not touched up to 37.5-38 degrees if it is tolerated normally. If the temperature is very high, then it can be brought down with medications, there are a great variety of them.
• A rash appeared. This is a normal reaction. A small reddish or pinkish rash that appears on the sides, arms or legs after vaccination is not dangerous and does not mean that the person is sick or contagious.
• Pain in the joints after vaccination is more common the older the patient is. After 25 years, 25% of vaccinated people have this reaction.
• Cough, runny nose, and slight sore throat after vaccination are not pathologies and will go away on their own in a couple of days without any special treatment.

Side effects are a normal response of the body against foreign strains. If such effects appear, they will soon pass without harm to the body, you don’t have to be afraid of them. Swimming is allowed if the procedure was tolerated without reactions.

Possible complications

It should be said that complications after an injection do occur, but this happens very rarely. But complications after an infection are much more common and can cause real health problems. The following manifestations can be noted as complications from the vaccine.

• All kinds of allergic reactions, ranging from urticaria to anaphylactic shock. Exacerbation of existing allergic processes. Allergies develop to antibiotics contained in the drug. It can also be based on chicken egg white, which is also found in trace amounts in the medicine. And it is there because strains of measles, rubella and mumps are grown in a special nutrient medium, which also includes eggs.
• Encephalitis and meningitis. Such complications rarely develop.
• Pneumonia. Immunity from the injection is weakened, and if there were not fully treated, but suppressed diseases in the respiratory system, then they can worsen even to pneumonia.
• A blood test reveals a decrease in the number of platelets, but this is temporary.
• Myocarditis or inflammation of the heart muscle.
• Abdominal pain. Caused by problems in the gastrointestinal tract. The vaccine dampens the immune system, and the problem gets worse at this time.
• Glomerulonephritis.
• Acute toxic shock syndrome. It develops if the administered vaccine is contaminated with staphylococci.

How to prepare for vaccination

1. If you are prone to allergies, then a few days before the injection you can prescribe antiallergic drugs.
2. If you have a chronic disease, a few days before, as well as 2 weeks after the procedure, maintenance therapy can be recommended to avoid exacerbation of the underlying disease.
3. Frequently ill children can be offered restoratives before the procedure.
4. During the 2 weeks following the vaccination, you must ensure that there is no contact with sick people.
5. There is no need to travel or start attending kindergarten at this time; it is better to wait for the time.

“In our time, it is necessary to get vaccinated as before, diseases have not disappeared,” says the famous doctor Komarovsky.

“After birth, babies are quite vulnerable and need protection, especially when it comes to infectious diseases that lead to undesirable consequences.” These are the words of A.V. Krivonozhko, an experienced pediatrician, Ph.D.

The benefits of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps far outweigh the risks of complications and side effects from it. Therefore, it is better not to refuse vaccinations, so that irreparable and disastrous consequences do not arise later. Be healthy!

Vaccinations in infancy make it possible to avoid dangerous diseases or make it easier to survive an infection when it enters the body. Vaccination is given to healthy babies after examination by a pediatrician. A good doctor will recommend observing the child’s reaction for several days, monitoring the temperature and general condition, and taking antihistamines to avoid allergic reactions.

Despite these measures, some parents still experience side effects, particularly from the MMR vaccine. What causes them, how do they manifest themselves, and can they be avoided? Maybe it’s better to refuse vaccination altogether? This and much more should be understood in detail.

Decoding PDA

The task of healthcare is to take preventive measures against diseases that may lead to an epidemic in a particular city and beyond. The compulsory vaccination calendar includes an injection against measles, mumps and rubella (abbreviation MMR). These diseases kill and disable more than 150 thousand people around the world every year.

The measles, mumps and rubella vaccination plan for children should be followed if the child is healthy and there is no reason to postpone the injection for the future. It can be done in conjunction with other vaccines (BCG, tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae). The indication is the age of the small patient - from 12 months.

CCP is not compatible with blood products and immunoglobulins. Between these injections there should be a pause of 2-3 months (the order of administration is not important).

What are the dangers of measles, rubella and mumps?

To refuse vaccinations means to jeopardize the baby’s health. When he comes into contact with his mother and father, who were vaccinated in childhood, the risk of infection is minimal. However, an infection can await a baby in public transport, a clinic, or a kindergarten. By vaccinating a child, parents help him avoid serious diseases with dangerous and sometimes irreparable complications.

Rubella

Children and adults are susceptible to the disease; it is transmitted by airborne droplets and from mother to fetus. Initial symptoms are similar to a common viral infection. Later, a red rash appears on the body, which disappears without a trace within three days. In young children, rubella usually goes away without consequences.

In adults, complications are observed - increased permeability of blood vessels, hemorrhages, encephalomyelitis with loss of consciousness, convulsions, and even fatal paralysis. If an expectant mother contracts rubella, her baby may subsequently experience pneumonia, hemorrhages, and damage to internal organs, which in 30% of cases ends tragically.

Mumps

Mumps (mumps) is an infectious disease caused by a paramyxovirus, related to the influenza virus. It is transmitted by airborne droplets and is characterized by inflammation of the salivary and parotid glands, leading to swelling of the face. The first signs appear 2 weeks after infection. The consequences of the disease are dangerous, and its treatment should be carried out from beginning to end, under the supervision of a doctor.

Common complications of mumps include: inflammation of the thyroid gland and gonads, diabetes, pancreatitis, secondary penetration of the virus into the bloodstream, serous meningitis, complete damage to a number of glands and organs.

Measles

The measles virus enters the body through airborne droplets and manifests itself 9-11 days after contact with a sick person. Children are more likely to experience this disease, but adults are also at risk. People who are not vaccinated against the disease get sick with one hundred percent probability. Those who recover receive lasting, lifelong immunity.

Measles is fraught with complications such as blindness, encephalitis, otitis media, inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes, and bronchopneumonia. Treatment under the supervision of a doctor reduces the risk of complications, but even this does not always help to avoid them.

Imported and domestic MMR vaccines

Modern medicine offers several types of MMR vaccinations. The preparations contain live viruses and their combined analogues.

They are selected taking into account the characteristics of the child’s body and risk factors. Based on the number of components, serums are divided into 3 types:

• Monocomponent. The vaccine will provide immunity against one of the diseases. Vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella are administered by different injections and cannot be mixed. An example is the Russian measles vaccine L-16 based on quail egg protein, the L-3 vaccine or the Czech Pavivak for mumps. There are foreign vaccines against rubella, called Sll (India), Ervevax (England), Rudivax (France).
• Two-component. Combined drugs against measles-rubella or measles-mumps. They are supplemented by injection of one missing drug. Vaccinations are given to different parts of the body. An example is an associated divaccine against measles and mumps (Russia).
• Three-component. Ready-made drugs include 3 weakened viruses and, with one injection, protect against three infections at once. For example, a vaccine called Priorix (Belgium) has gained a reputation as the most effective and safe. Another popular vaccine is MMR II (USA), which has been used for a longer time and has been well studied for negative reactions.

Vaccination with domestic drugs against measles, mumps and rubella takes place in municipal clinics. The drugs include a weakened virus. They are not inferior in effectiveness to foreign analogues, are well tolerated and do not cause side effects. Their disadvantage is the absence of a measles component, and the measles vaccination must be done separately.

Imported purified 3-in-1 preparations are more convenient, but they should be purchased independently - for example, the live combination vaccine Priorix, which reduces the time for vaccination and has low reactogenicity. Pediatricians often recommend this particular drug, and parents often purchase Priorix, which helps avoid post-vaccination complications.

Children's vaccination schedule

How many times and where are MMR vaccinations given? Injections are given according to a strictly defined algorithm and according to the existing vaccination schedule:

• at 12 months or older (if the child was sick and it is not possible to vaccinate exactly one year) - the vaccine is injected into the thigh;
• at 6 years old - in the shoulder (provided that the child has not suffered from dangerous diseases for which he is vaccinated);
• in the absence of contraindications, the vaccine is administered to young girls 16-18 years old on the direction of a doctor;
• from 22 to 29 years and every 10 years according to schedule.

If by the age of 13 the child has not received a dose of a multicomponent drug that prevents measles, mumps and rubella, the domestic vaccine can be given at any age (we recommend reading:). Subsequent revaccination is prescribed according to the medical calendar, but not earlier than 22 years and no later than 29 years.

How is the MMR vaccine given? For injection, use a disposable syringe into which the vaccine is taken, previously diluted in water for injection. The volume of a single dose of the finished vaccine is 0.5 ml, it is injected subcutaneously into the thigh (for children) or into the shoulder (for older children).

Contraindications for immunization

When issuing a referral for vaccination, the doctor is obliged to take into account vaccine intolerance by certain categories of children. Contraindications for PDA include:

• intolerance to egg white, vaccine components (kanamycin and neomycin);
• complications after the first MMR vaccination;
• ARVI, influenza, viral infection;
• chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunosuppression;
• heart failure;
• severe blood diseases, pathologies of internal organs;
• tendency to allergies;
• pregnancy.

How to prepare for vaccination?

To reduce the risk of side effects and complications after vaccination, you should properly prepare for the procedure.

• 2-3 days before vaccination, the child should be given an antihistamine (taken for a week);
• during the preparation period, new foods cannot be introduced into the baby’s diet;
• if the child is predisposed to febrile convulsions, an antipyretic should be taken immediately after vaccination;
• take blood and urine tests the day before;
• prepare an antipyretic and analgesic drug (Nurofen, Panadol) in case the temperature rises;
• undergo a medical examination, inform the pediatrician if the child had diarrhea or other illness the day before;
• do not swim for three days after the injection;
• After the injection, you do not need to immediately leave the clinic - in case of a negative reaction and a sharp deterioration in the child’s well-being, they will immediately help you here.

How is vaccination tolerated by children of different ages?

Negative reactions to the MMR vaccine are often observed, because they contain components of dangerous infections.

When foreign agents enter, the body begins to fight them:

• body temperature rises to create disastrous conditions for bacteria;
• weakness appears - all the strength of the child’s body is spent on synthesizing antibodies;
• Appetite worsens as energy is directed toward fighting infection.

Parents should be prepared for a possible reaction to the vaccine - an increase in temperature up to 40°C, the appearance of a small rash on the cheeks and neck, which will go away on its own within three days. Parents often confuse side effects and complications from vaccinations. There should be no complications such as suppuration of the injection site or rash all over the body.

Normal reaction

What reaction to PDA is considered normal? It may be completely absent or appear slightly. Parents panic even at the slightest change in temperature, so you should figure out what doctors consider normal:

• slight swelling, increased sensitivity of tissue in the injection area;
• low-grade fever (37-37.5 °C) after MMR vaccination during the first 5 days;
• moderate joint pain;
• headache and cough;
• restlessness, capriciousness of the child;
• rashes on the cheeks, neck, palms - as a reaction to measles antigen (rare).

Possible complications

Complications after injection of PDA can be very dangerous and pose a threat to life and health. The most common include:

• any severe pain that cannot be relieved with Ibuprofen, Paracetamol;
• temperature above 39°C and associated convulsions;
• severe vomiting, diarrhea;
• decreased blood pressure;
• mild measles, rubella or mumps;
• nosebleeds;
• intracranial hemorrhages;
• bronchospasm;
• bruises and hemorrhages for no reason;
• rash on the body, like hives;
• post-vaccination encephalitis (in 1% of cases).

In case of any deterioration in health (high temperature, vomiting, loss of consciousness, rapid breathing, bronchospasm), actions should be extremely fast. It is important to give your child an antihistamine and call an ambulance immediately.

When talking with your doctor, you should definitely indicate the time when the vaccination was given and describe in detail all the symptoms that arose after the injection.

How to cope with side effects after vaccination?

The reaction to the vaccine can be lightning fast or occur within 5-10 days after the injection. A light diet and plenty of fluids will help ease your baby’s condition after vaccination. The immune system is weakened at this time, so you should limit contact with other children and avoid visiting crowded places.

You can go for a walk, because fresh air and physical activity are good for your child. However, you should not play with other children to avoid contracting ARVI. The child should not be allowed to overheat or become hypothermic. You can swim after 3 days. After vaccination, the child is not contagious.

What should parents do if negative reactions could not be avoided? When a baby has a fever, a rash appears all over the body, vomiting and diarrhea occur, an allergic reaction, neurological symptoms are observed, doctors strongly advise against self-medication. You should seek professional medical help - call an ambulance or take the baby to the hospital yourself.

Before the doctor arrives, you should alleviate the baby’s condition. Panadol and Nurofen in the form of suppositories or suspensions will help relieve fever by a few degrees. At elevated temperatures (below 40 ºС), compresses should be used (add a spoonful of vinegar to a glass of water and stir). Place gauze soaked in the solution on the baby’s forehead and calves. Compresses need to be changed every 3-5 minutes.

After assessing the baby’s condition, the emergency doctor will prescribe a course of treatment or recommend hospitalization. In case of severe reactions the following will be prescribed:

• for anaphylaxis - adrenaline injections;
• in case of loss of consciousness, cardiovascular failure, respiratory failure - hospitalization;
• for itching and rash - antihistamines (Suprastin, Fenistil, Cetrin and others).

If the reaction to the vaccine is insignificant, redness, swelling in the injection area, muscle pain, fever up to 39ºC are observed, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen) should be taken. If after two days the condition does not improve (the fever remains up to 38.5 ºС, bleeding or swelling in the injection area does not disappear), you should immediately show the baby to a doctor.

MMR vaccination is one of the mandatory vaccination schedules. In 95% of cases it protects against infectious diseases and complications caused by them. Getting vaccinated is much safer than getting infections and complications. If you follow preventive measures and medical recommendations, vaccination will be beneficial and provide reliable protection against infections.

Endless vaccinations in childhood are an opportunity to avoid many serious diseases in a later period. When immunization is carried out against three dangerous infections at once, time can be saved and another emotional stress associated with this unpleasant procedure can be avoided. The measles, rubella and mumps vaccine is a type of injection. It is easy to do, but few people think about how it is tolerated and how many side effects it has until they encounter it in real life. What are the possible reactions to the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine and how can you prepare for the upcoming vaccination? Let's find out everything about her.

Why are measles, rubella and mumps dangerous? You can become infected with the diseases for which this vaccine is intended even before birth. It happens that intrauterine infection occurs when the outcome is unpredictable for the mother and the unborn child. What other dangers can babies expect when encountering these viruses, besides severe symptoms?

1. If a pregnant woman becomes infected with rubella or measles or comes into contact with a sick person, this can result in the death of the fetus and numerous malformations of the child - myopia, heart defects, deafness and impaired physical development of the baby.
2. Mumps is not only characterized by inflammation of the parotid and salivary glands, it often leads to inflammation of the brain and testicles (orchitis), which sometimes causes infertility.
3. Rare complications of mumps include pancreatitis, arthritis, and nephritis.
4. Measles weakens the immune system, which can result in numerous and dangerous bacterial complications.
5. Measles also leads to diseases of internal organs: hepatitis, tracheobronchitis, panencephalitis (inflammatory process of all membranes of the brain).

The immunity that babies receive from their mother at birth is unstable and lasts only a few months. Therefore, every child needs vaccination against such infections to protect him at any age.

Vaccination schedule and location of vaccine administration. In most cases, vaccinations against measles, rubella, and mumps are combined against these three diseases, but there are also single vaccines. The measles, rubella, and mumps vaccination schedule is as follows.

1. Babies are first exposed to a three-component vaccine at 12 months. This is the optimal period for administering the drug, when you need to protect the child, because encountering infections before the age of five is considered the most dangerous. But a single administration of the vaccine does not provide full protection to the baby against infections, and in some cases protects the child by only a few percent.
2. Revaccination against measles, rubella, mumps is carried out at 6 years of age. Repeated use of the vaccine at this age provides more than 90% complete immune protection that lasts for decades.

There is no exact data on how long the vaccine protects a person against measles, mumps and rubella. It can last for 10–25 years, depending on the characteristics of the body and the susceptibility of the vaccine.

What to do if the vaccination schedule is violated or if the child did not receive immunoprophylaxis against these infections in a timely manner?

1. If vaccination is postponed for a long time due to contraindications, it is done as close to the schedule as possible. In this case, the interval between the administration of the vaccine and revaccination should be at least 4 years.
2. In some cases, when there are emergency indications, vaccination is done with mono-vaccines. Revaccination can be carried out by prescribing a complex three-component vaccine, but not earlier than a year later.

If a vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps virus is prescribed, where is it given?

The vaccination dose of the combined vaccine, which is 0.5 ml of the drug, is injected subcutaneously under the shoulder blade or into the outer surface of the right shoulder (the conventional border between the middle and lower third).

How do children tolerate the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine? A child’s immunity at different years of life may react differently to the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine. This is explained by the maturation of all body systems and the fact that in case of revaccination the drug is re-administered.

How is the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine tolerated at 1 year of age? Often children react to vaccination with a condition resembling a mild viral infection. This may appear:

• runny nose;
• headache;
• weakness with sleep and appetite disturbances;
• redness of the throat;
• the appearance of a rash;
• slight increase in temperature.

Local reactions include hyperemia (redness) and swelling of the tissue at the site where the vaccine was administered.

How is the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine tolerated at 6 years of age? - the manifestations are still the same as at 1 year. In addition, sometimes allergic reactions occur in the form of a rash at the injection site or throughout the body. On top of that, bacterial complications occur in the form of bronchitis, sore throat, otitis, which is often the result of improper behavior before or after vaccination. There are also specific symptoms for vaccination. They do not apply to all components of the polyvaccine, but to its specific components.

Reactions and complications to the measles component of the vaccine. Some conditions after vaccination should not be paid attention to; many of them are a completely natural reaction of the body to the introduction of protective antibodies. But forewarned means forearmed. It is much easier to cope with the consequences of vaccination when you have heard about them.

The measles, rubella, mumps vaccine has the greatest reactogenicity due to its measles component. It is important to remember that vaccines with a measles component are live. Is a child contagious after vaccination with measles, rubella, and mumps? There is no need to be afraid of it; it contains significantly weakened viruses that normally do not lead to the development of infection. The body's reactions in children to the measles component of the vaccine are as follows:

• local reactions in the form of tissue swelling and redness sometimes persist for one to two days;
• Among the common ones, the appearance of cough after vaccination is measles, rubella, mumps, which can appear on days 6–11, like other reactions;
• appetite may decrease;
• in rare cases, nosebleeds appear;
• temperature increase from slight (37.2 °C) to severe (more than 38.5 °C);
• rashes after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps in rare cases resemble the active development of measles infection, which is typical immediately on the head, and then on the torso and limbs.

As noted above, it is the measles component of this complex vaccine that most often leads to complications. Complications do occur, but nevertheless they do not happen very often and develop from 6 to 11 days. These include the following conditions:

• a severe toxic reaction that lasts no more than five days with an increase in temperature of at least 38.5 ° C, rash, pain and redness of the throat, weakness, enlarged lymph nodes;
• there are cases of involvement of the central nervous system in the inflammatory process with the development of seizures and the appearance of symptoms of post-vaccination encephalitis (inflammation of the brain);
• An allergy to a vaccine containing protection against measles, rubella, mumps is characterized by various rashes on the body, angioedema occurs in severe cases, anaphylactic shock.

The body's reaction to the component of the mumps vaccine. The vaccine containing protective antibodies against mumps is easily tolerated, despite the fact that it is also a live attenuated vaccine. All reactions appear more often after 8 days and reach a maximum on days 14–16. Sometimes observed:

• slight enlargement of the parotid salivary glands for one to three days;
• redness of the throat, rhinitis;
• short-term rise in temperature.

How long does the temperature last? - no more than two days.

Unlike complications of antibodies against measles, the consequences of the mumps component are less pronounced and rare.

1. Toxic reactions that appear on days 8–14 with an increase in temperature and a sharp deterioration in well-being.
2. Damage to the nervous system with symptoms of meningitis (headaches, weakness, convulsions, nausea, vomiting).
3. Allergic reactions are possible. They are observed rarely, in most cases in children with frequent allergies to food, medications, and preservatives.

Possible reactions to rubella protection. Prevention of rubella in a multicomponent vaccine is represented by live weakened virus cells. In children, reactions are rare and are not severe in nature.

1. Enlarged lymph nodes after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps and redness of the injection site.
2. A slight increase in temperature for one, maximum two days.
3. Very rarely, arthralgia or the appearance of pain in the joint area occurs with little stress and at rest.

If, after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps, a rash appears in the form of small roseola (small reddish spots) or purple spots, this is a complication of the rubella component.

How to cope with the consequences of vaccination? Reactions in the form of redness and swelling are normal. This creates an inflammation with a large number of blood cells at the injection site, making the immune response faster and more effective. Even if the reaction lasts for two days, there is no need to panic. Conventional anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antipyretic drugs will help cope with such symptoms. If significant complications occur after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. In some cases, more serious medications, medical supervision, or hospitalization will be needed.

Contraindications for vaccination: measles, rubella, mumps Not everyone is eligible for the use of medications that protect against these infections. In all cases, contraindications can be divided into permanent and temporary.

Permanent contraindications to vaccination:

• severe reaction or severe complication to the administration of a previous vaccine;
• any conditions or diseases accompanied by a sharp decrease in immunity: AIDS, malignant blood diseases, oncological processes;
• vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is contraindicated if a person is allergic to aminoglycosides and egg whites.

Temporary contraindications to vaccination:

• chemotherapy that suppresses the immune system;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases or ARVI;
• administration of immunoglobulin or blood components, then the vaccination is done no earlier than three months later.

How to behave before vaccination? How can I help my child tolerate vaccination more easily? It is easier to prepare for this unpleasant procedure than to deal with many complications later.

1. In the morning before vaccination, the child should be examined for his general well-being and thermometry should be taken.
2. Show the child to the doctor. A little advice to mothers: no need to stand in line with your child at the clinic! It’s better that while mom is standing in line to see the doctor, let dad or grandma walk with him on the street at this time to avoid contact with infected children.
3. Based on the indications, the doctor may refer you for general tests.
4. Children with damage to the nervous system need special preparation for the measles, rubella, and mumps vaccination. If a child has a chronic disease of the nervous system, before vaccination it is better to additionally consult with a neurologist who can prescribe anticonvulsants.
5. Children with chronic diseases are vaccinated during a period of stable remission. If a child is forced to constantly take medications to treat a chronic disease, vaccination against these infections is done as part of the main treatment.
6. The day before, you should not visit places with large crowds of people, especially during the development of acute infectious diseases.

What should you not do after vaccination? In order not to confuse vaccination complications with other similar conditions, you need to be on guard even after immunization.

1. For 30 minutes after vaccination, remain under the supervision of health workers and do not go far from the clinic.
2. Is it possible to bathe a child after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps? - yes, it’s possible. But it is better to take a shower on the day of vaccination without a long bath or rubbing the injection site with a sponge.
3. You cannot eat unfamiliar foods or introduce new exotic dishes to avoid allergies.
4. Is it possible to go for a walk after being vaccinated against measles, rubella, and mumps? If the weather is good outside and the child falls asleep better, walks cannot be canceled. You need to avoid playgrounds and walks in crowded places so as not to become infected with ARVI, which is sometimes mistakenly mistaken for a complication of vaccination.

It is important to stock up on the necessary medications in advance and discuss with your doctor the possible consequences of vaccination.

Types of vaccines used. There is no domestic three-component vaccine for measles, rubella and mumps. Now in clinics there is only a two-component version with protection against measles and mumps, which is a certain inconvenience, because you will have to do another additional injection against rubella. But in terms of portability they are not inferior to foreign ones. Among the imported vaccines against measles, rubella, mumps, the following have been successfully used for many years:

• MMR against measles, mumps and rubella, which is produced by a joint American-Dutch company;
• Belgian Priorix;
• English "Ervevax".

Vaccinations made with imported vaccines are much more convenient. The protection of each against measles, rubella and mumps is not inferior to its Russian counterpart. But unlike domestic vaccines, you will have to pay for imported ones yourself, and they cost a lot. Another disadvantage is the need to search for a foreign vaccine. You will have to take care of this in advance. You need to order it or look for it in other medical institutions, while not forgetting about the conditions of transportation and storage of the drug. Which vaccine to prefer is the choice of the people who will be vaccinated.

Do I need to get the measles, rubella, mumps vaccine? Without exaggeration, we can say that this is one of the most important vaccines against infections in our time. It is easier to deal with the side effects of the measles, infectious rubella and mumps vaccine than to correct the numerous complications of diseases caused by these viruses!

Vaccination against infections such as mumps, rubella and measles is included in the national Russian vaccination calendar. What should parents know about such vaccination in order to better understand whether their baby needs it?

Calculate your vaccination schedule

Why are these diseases dangerous?

Rubella in children is usually mild, causing encephalitis in only one out of a thousand sick babies, however, it poses a danger during pregnancy because it causes severe pathologies in the fetus (deafness, blindness) or leads to miscarriage. That is why unvaccinated women planning to have a baby should take care of vaccination against this infection.

Mumps (mumps) is more dangerous for men, since the infection causes inflammation of not only the salivary glands, but also the testicles. According to statistics, orchitis with mumps develops in 20-30% of teenage boys, as well as men, and it often leads to infertility. In adolescent girls and women, in 5% of cases with mumps, the ovaries become inflamed, which can also cause infertility. In addition, with mumps, the pancreas becomes inflamed in 4% of patients.

Measles is also considered a dangerous infection, since it is very quickly transmitted from a sick person to other people, often causing complications (pneumonia, encephalitis, otitis media) and death. Measles is especially dangerous in early childhood. There is also a monovaccine against measles, in which case the child is not vaccinated against measles and mumps.

pros

Thanks to vaccination, the child will be protected from these infections by 95-98%. And since there are no special drugs that act on their pathogens (only symptomatic treatment is used), vaccination becomes a really good protection. It provides immunity for decades.

Minuses

• A severe allergic reaction may develop to vaccination if a child has been given an imported vaccine and is allergic to chicken eggs.
• Vaccination against measles and mumps is performed using Russian vaccines, and if parents want to choose an imported drug for their baby, they will need to buy it at their own expense.

Adverse reactions

The mumps, measles and rubella vaccine may cause the following side effects:

• Local changes – slight swelling, hyperemia, pain (occurs in 10% of vaccinated people).
• Fever - the temperature rises to 39 degrees 5-15 days after the injection (happens in 10-15% of children).
• A rash, as a reaction to measles or rubella vaccine, occurs 5-15 days after vaccination in 5-15% of children.
• Catarrhal changes - coughing, redness of the throat, runny nose.
• Enlargement of the salivary glands - occurs 5-21 days after vaccination, can be on one side or bilateral, disappears in 1-3 days.

These reactions do not require treatment and soon disappear without a trace.

Possible complications

In rare cases, the following complications may arise from the administration of the vaccine:

• Convulsive syndrome (at high temperature).
• Allergy.
• Encephalitis caused by the measles component (develops in one child out of a million vaccinated, often when the child has immunodeficiency conditions).
• Serous meningitis caused by the mumps component (can develop in one out of 100 thousand vaccinated people).

How to prevent complications?

To minimize the risk of complications, it is important to take into account all contraindications to this vaccination:

• It cannot be performed immediately after a blood transfusion (only after three months).
• Vaccination should be postponed if the child has an acute illness or a chronic pathology has worsened until the condition improves (it is recommended to vaccinate a month after recovery).
• Vaccination is not performed if the baby has an immunodeficiency, cancer or active tuberculosis.
• The drug should not be administered to children with allergies to aminoglycosides and chicken eggs.

Should you get vaccinated?

All infections that this vaccine will protect against are considered dangerous. For example, measles is transmitted through the air, so the risk of infection is very high. In this case, the disease significantly weakens the immune system. Mumps poses a risk of developing infertility, and rubella threatens a normal pregnancy. And since there are no drugs against these pathogens, vaccination is the best option for protection against infection.

Vaccination scheme

According to the vaccination schedule, vaccination is carried out at 12 months. The first revaccination also includes vaccination against all three infections and is performed at 6 years of age. If the child is not vaccinated on time, vaccination against rubella is carried out at 13 years of age.

Children are vaccinated with both single vaccines and combination drugs that protect against all of these infections at once.

The measles vaccine is domestic, as well as the measles-mumps vaccine (protects against two infections at once). Among the foreign drugs used in our country are the measles vaccine Ruvax, the rubella vaccines Ervevax and Rudivax, as well as the combination drugs Priorix and MMR II (they are used to vaccinate against all three infections at once).

Opinion of E. Komarovsky

The popular doctor is confident that all these infections are extremely dangerous, so vaccination will be the best option for all parents who care about the health of their children.

Preparation

Before the vaccine is administered, the child must be examined by a doctor to determine the absence of contraindications. It is also recommended that the child’s urine and blood be tested before this vaccination.

If there is a high risk of an allergic reaction, the baby is given an antihistamine two days before vaccination. It should also be given within two days after the injection. If there are suspicions of neurological contraindications, the child should be examined by a neurologist.

How is the injection given?

All vaccines are presented in dry form, so before administration they are dissolved in the solvent ampoule supplied with the drug. The vaccine is injected subcutaneously into the shoulder or into the area under the shoulder blade.

What to do if side effects occur?

Local skin changes after the injection do not require any treatment and often disappear within 1-2 days. If a child has a fever, his condition can be alleviated with the help of an antipyretic drug. If there is an extensive local reaction, high fever or other warning symptoms, the child should be seen by a doctor.