Colonoscopy with or without anesthesia - which is better? How to prepare for a colonoscopy. Colonoscopy of the intestine: how to prepare and undergo the procedure

Colonoscopy is a diagnostic examination of the rectum and large intestine using a special device - a colonoscope. The procedure is quite complex and requires lengthy training and highly qualified doctors. To understand how long a colonoscopy can take, you need to understand the technology behind it.

The essence of diagnosis

A colonoscope is a long flexible tube (up to 145 cm). It is equipped with LED lighting, a camera and holes for introducing additional instruments - a coagulator, forceps.

The probe is also equipped with a special air supply device. It is necessary for the intestines to smooth out. This makes it easier to pass the device.

Colonoscopy allows images of the intestines to be transmitted to a monitor. With its help, you can identify even the slightest abnormalities, perform a biopsy, remove small formations and cauterize bleeding ulcers and erosions.

Possibilities

Colonoscopy of the intestine can detect:

1. Cancer, even at the cellular level.
2. Erosion and ulceration.
3. Atypical ulcerative colitis.
4. Intestinal tuberculosis.
5. Crohn's disease.
6. Polyps, diverticula, hemorrhoids, tumors, foreign objects.
7. Pathological deviations of the intestinal mucosa, impaired motility, the presence of inflammatory processes.

Indications

Indications for diagnostics are various pathological abnormalities in the functioning of the organ and suspicions of them. A colonoscopy is performed when:

1. Chronic constipation or diarrhea.
2. Impurities in the stool: mucus, pus, blood.
3. Pain in the abdominal area.
4. Formations detected by other examination methods.
5. Suspicion of cancer, intestinal obstruction, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis.
6. Sudden, unreasonable weight loss.
7. Anemia - to avoid bleeding and ulcers.

Contraindications

Colonoscopy is not always possible. There are a number of situations when the procedure is prohibited:

1. Heart or pulmonary failure.
2. Inflammatory processes in the intestines.
3. Poor blood clotting.
4. Exacerbation of ulcerative colitis.
5. Periodontitis.
6. Acute infectious diseases.
7. Diverticulitis.
8. Extensive intestinal bleeding.

Preparation

The duration of a colonoscopy includes preparation. This is the longest stage. It consists of a complete cleansing of the intestines.

Before the procedure, the patient is prescribed:

1. Three-day slag-free diet. It is prohibited to consume foods that cause gas formation. The diet includes light, dietary soups, fish, dairy products, and juices. The last meal should be no later than lunch on the eve of the study.
2. Enemas. They are recommended if the person being examined can use them to thoroughly cleanse the intestines. If not, laxatives are prescribed.
3. Taking laxative medications. The most commonly prescribed drug is Fortrans. For 20 kg of weight you need to drink 1 sachet of medicine diluted in a liter of water. The last appointment is no later than 4 hours before the procedure.

The intestines must be completely cleansed along their entire length. If this is not done, the colonoscopy will have to be postponed and all preparatory steps will have to be repeated.

How is a colonoscopy performed?

A colonoscopy of the intestine is performed by a coloproctologist. It is carried out in several stages:

1. The subject is placed on the couch in the fetal position. He should lie on his left side, with his left leg straight and his right leg bent.
2. The tip of the probe is inserted into the anus with careful circular movements.
3. The doctor carefully moves the colonoscope through the colon. At the same time, it delivers a stream of air to smooth out the mucous membrane, and the nurse can apply pressure to the patient's abdomen to guide the tube.
4. If small formations were discovered during diagnosis, they are removed immediately using forceps, and the bleeding is cauterized.
5. If necessary, a biopsy is done during a colonoscopy.

The examination is always associated with discomfort. Therefore, it is advisable not to do a colonoscopy without anesthesia and to use one of the types of anesthesia: local, general or sedation. Full anesthesia may take the longest.

How long does a colonoscopy take?

How long a bowel examination will take depends on several factors:

1. Qualifications and experience of the doctor.
2. Quality and modernity of diagnostic equipment.
3. The structure of the intestine of a particular patient: how curved it is.
4. Presence of neoplasms, bleeding, ulcerations.
5. The need to carry out other procedures: biopsy, cauterization, microsurgery.

On average, a colonoscopy takes 15 to 20 minutes. Its duration may vary. If intestinal permeability is good, no pathologies are found, the period is reduced to 10 minutes. If deviations are present or additional manipulations are necessary, the time is increased to 40–60 minutes.

Post-examination period

After a colonoscopy, it is recommended to remain in bed for several hours. It is better to lie on your stomach - this will make it easier for the remaining air to leave the intestines. There are no dietary restrictions. The patient is allowed to eat any food.

Sometimes the doctor may ask you not to drink or eat for several hours. This recommendation is given in cases where microsurgery was performed on the intestines.

Colonoscopy is generally a safe procedure. Only sometimes (in 1% of all cases) complications may occur:

1. Perforation of the intestinal walls. Usually occurs in the presence of purulent processes or ulceration of the mucous membrane. In this case, the doctor performs surgery and repairs the damage.
2. Bleeding. Possibly after removal of polyps and other formations. Eliminates immediately.
3. Abdominal pain. Appears after a biopsy or removal of tumors. Analgesics are indicated.

Colonoscopy is the most accurate and informative method of examining the intestines. It allows you to detect most pathologies at the initial stage of development. Its duration depends on the physiological characteristics of the patient, the need for other manipulations, the quality of the equipment and the experience of the doctor.

Colonoscopy of the intestine is a special medical procedure that is used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The procedure has a number of contraindications and can be performed under local or general anesthesia. In order for the study to proceed without consequences, it is necessary to properly prepare for it.

Colonoscopy is a procedure for examining the rectum, cecum, and colon. This makes it possible to diagnose the disease and determine further tactics for managing the patient.

Description of the method

The examination is carried out using a colonoscope. It is a thin flexible tube with a camera at the end, which allows you to smoothly pass through the bends of the intestine and avoid injury to it.

As the colonoscope moves, the condition of the organ is displayed on the screen at multiple magnification. Thus, the doctor can examine the intestines online over a distance of 1.5 meters from the anus.

Indications for use

• pain along the intestines;
• prolonged constipation or diarrhea;
• bloating;
• weight loss;
• presence of a foreign object;
• discharge of blood and mucus from the anus;
• decrease in hemoglobin for no apparent reason;
• prolonged low-grade fever.

In addition, undergoing an intestinal colonoscopy is advisable if you suspect:

• presence of polyps;
• diverticulosis;
• malignant tumor;
• inflammatory diseases;
• developmental anomalies.

Colonoscopy is performed to determine the extent of cancer in case of malignant lesions of surrounding organs (uterus, prostate, bladder, stomach).

What does a colonoscopy show?

Checking the intestines using an endoscopic device makes it possible to:

• assess the condition of the mucous membrane;
• visualize inflammatory foci;
• identify neoplasms, polyps, diverticula, foreign elements in the intestine;
• determine the diameter of the intestine;
• detect areas of scar narrowing;
• visualize ulcerative defects;
• take tissue for a biopsy necessary for differential diagnosis between a benign process and cancer;
• take pictures that other specialists can look at and evaluate the dynamics of changes in the condition of the intestine.

You can learn more about the indications and algorithm of the study in the video. Presented by netgemorroya channel. ru.

Contraindications and restrictions

Before undergoing an intestinal examination, it is necessary to establish the presence of contraindications to the procedure.

Restrictions for performing a colonoscopy include:

• infectious intestinal diseases (salmonellosis);
• severe cardiac and respiratory failure;
• severe hypocoagulation (blood clotting disorder);
• acute ulcerative colitis;
• peritonitis (due to violation of the integrity of the intestinal wall);
• pregnancy;
• severe intestinal bleeding.

For the purpose of early diagnosis of intestinal cancer, WHO recommends colonoscopy once every five years for all people over 40.

Preparing for a colonoscopy

To make a colonoscopy as informative as possible, you need to properly prepare for the diagnosis.

It consists in:

• following a diet on the eve of the study;
• thorough cleansing of the intestines.

Diet

3 days before the study, the patient should adhere to a dietary diet, which includes:

• exclusion of foods that increase gas formation (legumes, fresh vegetables, baked goods, cabbage, mushrooms, carbonated drinks, kvass, berries, oatmeal, barley, dairy products);
• consumption of broths, lean fish, boiled beef, poultry, semolina, corn porridge, coarse white bread;
• complete refusal of food 12 hours before the study.

Purgation

The main rule of the preparatory period is a thorough cleansing of the intestines, since the presence of feces:

• makes it difficult to conduct research;
• makes diagnostic results inaccurate;
• increases the duration of the procedure;
• increases the risk of complications (intestinal perforation).

There are two ways to cleanse the intestines:

• using enemas;
• by taking laxatives.

Using enemas

The enema is administered the evening before the examination, as well as in the morning on the day of diagnosis (4-6 hours before).

There are some nuances of the procedure:

• the water for the enema should be 38 degrees (cold water can provoke muscle spasms, and hot water can burn the intestinal mucosa);
• the maximum enema volume should not exceed 1.5 liters;
• the procedure requires an Esmarch mug (2 liter capacity with a rubber tube and tip);
• To facilitate insertion of the tip into the anus, it is recommended to use Vaseline or fatty cream.

The procedure is carried out as follows:

• the couch must be covered with oilcloth, since there is a risk of fluid leaking out of the anus;
• the patient takes a certain position (on his side with his knees brought to the chest or knee-elbow);
• Esmarch's mug is filled with warm water;
• air is released from the rubber tube, after which it is pinched;
• the tip is lubricated with Vaseline and slowly inserted into the anus to a depth of 8 cm;
• if there is an obstacle in the intestine, you should stop and change the direction of movement of the tip;
• remove the clamp from the rubber tube;
• water enters the intestines, and the person feels fullness in the abdomen;
• at the end of the procedure, the tip is removed from the anus;
• the urge to defecate must be restrained for 5-10 minutes;
• Next you should visit the toilet.

In case of insufficient bowel cleansing, it is recommended to repeat the enema after 45 minutes.

Using laxatives

Today, laxatives based on macrogol are most often used to cleanse the intestines before a diagnostic procedure. They are distinguished by their mild action, good effectiveness and lack of addiction.

The mechanism of colon cleansing is:

• an increase in fluid in the intestinal lumen by reducing the rate of its absorption;
• increased hydrostatic pressure;
• irritation of the intestinal walls.

Here are some popular laxatives:

1. Fortrans. The effect occurs 1-1.5 hours after administration. Available in powder form. The contents of the package should be dissolved in a liter of water and drunk. Typically, 3-4 packets are required to completely cleanse the intestines. You should drink Fortrans in the evening and in the morning (no later than 4 hours before the test);
2. Endofalk - is not absorbed into the bloodstream, acts locally. Manufactured in powder form. The contents of the package must be dissolved in 500 ml of water. To thoroughly cleanse the intestines, up to 3.5 liters of laxative is required. It is recommended to drink a glass every quarter of an hour.

There is another group of laxatives based on lactulose. They are practically not used to cleanse the intestines before a colonoscopy, but they help overcome constipation.

The mechanism of their action lies in the following properties:

• decreased pH in the intestines;
• stimulation of peristalsis.

Duphalac is one of these products.

As for the use of microenemas (Microlax), in most cases one is not enough to completely cleanse the intestines. Thus, it is recommended to use 1-2 microenemas the night before and in the morning on the day of the study.

Duphalac - 475 rubles Endofalk - 550 rubles Fortrans - 450 rubles Microlax - 560 rubles

How is the procedure done?

Colonoscopy takes place in an office with endoscopic equipment. The study can be carried out on an outpatient basis. After a conversation with the patient, the doctor chooses a method of pain relief. If sedation or general anesthesia is necessary, consultation with an anesthesiologist is required.

With or without anesthesia?

The choice of pain relief method depends on the following factors:

• patient's age;
• presence of concomitant diseases;
• purposes of colonoscopy (examination of the intestines or removal of a polyp).

Colonoscopy usually does not cause severe pain in women, unlike men, who have a lower pain threshold.

Colonoscopy may be performed:

1. Without general anesthesia using local anesthetics based on lidocaine (Xylocaine, Luan gel). The drug is applied to the anus and colonoscope, which reduces the severity of pain. In this case, the patient is in clear consciousness.
2. With sedation, when the patient is “as if in a fog”, he does not feel discomfort or pain. Propofol is used for this purpose.
3. Under general anesthesia. The patient is asleep and does not feel pain. It is worth noting that such anesthesia has its contraindications, risks and complications.

Anesthesia is often required:

• children;
• with pronounced adhesive process;
• patients with mental disorders;
• people with a low pain threshold.

The success of a colonoscopy largely depends on the emotional state of the patient. Panic complicates the research process and increases the risk of developing diagnostic complications.

Technique and duration of colonoscopy

The duration of the study is 10-25 minutes.

Time depends on:

• goals of colonoscopy;
• thorough preparation for diagnosis;
• doctor's qualifications.

Methodology and procedure of examination:

• the patient sits on a couch with a disposable diaper;
• takes a position “on the left side” and presses the knees to the chest;
• the anus is treated with an antiseptic solution, then with lubricant (to facilitate insertion of the colonoscope into the anus);
• The colonoscope moves through the intestine, simultaneously pumping air into the intestine;
• The doctor controls the movement of the colonoscope with his hand through the anterior abdominal wall;
• After examining the intestines, the colonoscope is slowly removed.

Complications and side effects

After the study, the patient may still feel bloating and discomfort in the abdomen for some time, which is due to the presence of air in the intestines.

Complications are observed in 1-3% of cases and are represented by the following problems:

• perforation of the intestinal wall with the entry of feces into the abdominal cavity and the development of peritonitis;
• bleeding;
• pain that occurs after removal of polyps;
• undesirable consequences of anesthesia (hypotension, respiratory failure).

If after the procedure the patient experiences blood in the stool, weakness, abdominal pain and hyperthermia, you should consult a doctor.

Survey results

The interpretation of the results is carried out exclusively by a specialist who evaluates:

• mucous color;
• presence of tissue defect;
• shine;
• nature of the surface;
• amount of mucus;
• vascular pattern;
• availability of additional education.

The conclusion may include:

• normal picture;
• polyps;
• tumor;
• ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane;
• intestinal tuberculosis;
• diverticulosis.

Norm

The normal picture of the condition of the intestine is presented:

• pale pink color of the mucous membrane;
• shiny, which indicates a sufficient amount of mucus produced;
• smooth surface with slight striations;
• uniform vascular pattern without areas of enhancement and absence of vessels;
• small accumulations of clear mucus.

Polyps

Due to disruption of the renewal process of the intestinal mucosa, outgrowths, so-called polyps, can form. They can have a wide base or a thin stem. Polyps are not accompanied by severe symptoms, but with prolonged inflammation they can become malignant, that is, degenerate into cancer.

Update: October 2018

Colonoscopy refers to endoscopic methods for diagnostic examination of the colon using a special optical device - a fiber colonoscope.

Many people are wary and skeptical about this research method and refuse to do a colonoscopy, which in many cases is the only method that allows one to accurately determine the nosological form.

There are also some myths associated with the procedure, such as intestinal rupture during examination, subsequent fecal incontinence, etc., which are completely unfounded. In America, this procedure is included in the list of mandatory annual examinations for all citizens over 45 years of age, and in Germany – over 47 years of age.

History of colonoscopy

The study of the large intestine presented certain difficulties due to the anatomical location of the organ. Previously, radiography was used for these purposes, but it was not possible to diagnose such serious pathologies as polyps and intestinal cancer. Rigid rectosigmoidoscopes, used to examine the intestine through the anus, made it possible to examine only 30 cm of the intestine.

In 1964 - 1965, the first flexible fiber colonoscopes were created, and in 1966, a model of a colonoscope was invented, which became the prototype of modern devices, with the ability to photograph the structures under study and take material for histological examination.

What is colonoscopy used for?

Until now, this type of diagnosis is the most reliable in determining the condition and diseases of the large intestine. In addition to visual examination, colonoscopy allows for diagnostic tissue biopsy and removal of polyps from the intestinal wall.

A fiber colonoscope or optical probe is a thin, soft and flexible device that allows you to pass through all the natural anatomical curves of the intestine without the risk of injury and pain for the patient. The length of the device is 160 cm. At the end of the probe there is a mini-camera that transmits the image to the monitor screen with multiple magnification of the image. The probe is equipped with a cold light source, which completely eliminates the possibility of burns to the intestinal mucosa.

Colonoscopy capabilities:

• removal of foreign bodies;
• restoration of intestinal patency when it narrows;
• removal of polyps and tumors;
• stopping intestinal bleeding;
• taking material for histological examination.

Special preparation for the procedure

Preparation for intestinal colonoscopy, carried out in strict accordance with the doctor’s recommendations, is the key to one hundred percent reliability of the study. How to prepare for a colonoscopy 3 days before the procedure:

Preparation stages:

• Preliminary preparation;
• Special diet;
• Purgation.

Preliminary preparation – 2 days

If the patient is prone to constipation, medications prescribed to cleanse the intestines alone may not be enough. For this purpose, the following may be preliminarily prescribed: taking castor oil orally (in the absence of allergies) or performing an enema.

Oil quantity calculated depending on a person’s body weight: for a person weighing 70 kg, it is enough to take 60 grams of oil at night. If bowel movement is successful in the morning, this procedure should be repeated the next evening.

Cleansing enema indicated in case of severe constipation in the patient. To perform an enema at home, you need an Esmarch mug (sold at the pharmacy) and one and a half liters of water at room temperature (see).

• One and a half liters of water are poured into a mug with a closed clamp;
• Carefully remove the clamp and release the air, close the clamp;
• A person lies down on an oilcloth-covered sofa on his left side with his right leg extended forward and bent at the knee;
• Esmarch's mug must be hung 1-1.5 m above the level of the sofa;
• The tip is lubricated with Vaseline and inserted into the anus to a depth of 7 cm;
• Remove the clamp from the enema;
• After the entire volume of water has flowed out, the tip is removed;
• The person should get up and walk for 5-10 minutes, holding the bowel movement, then you can empty your bowels.

The method of preliminary preparation, if necessary, is selected by the doctor. You cannot use castor oil internally and an enema at the same time!

After 2 days of successful preliminary preparation, a method of direct preparation for the study is prescribed in the form of laxatives and diet.

Diet 2-3 days

2-3 days before diagnosis, a slag-free diet is prescribed, which allows you to effectively cleanse the intestines. We would like to draw the attention of those who are fans of any kind of cleansing of the body - a diet of this kind, followed for 2-3 days once a month, is a safe and effective way to cleanse the intestines. The evening before the diagnosis, you should skip dinner altogether. On the day of the procedure, food intake is also excluded before the procedure.

Purgation

To cleanse the intestines, special laxatives are prescribed on an individual basis and are prescribed by a doctor. You cannot choose your own medications.

Fortrans Colonoscopy is most often performed after preparation with Fortrans. This is a packaged drug at the rate of 1 package per 20 kg of body weight. Each sachet of the drug is diluted in 1 liter of boiled warm water. This is done with each sachet until the required volume of liquid is obtained, which must be drunk in the evening in one dose or 250 ml of solution every 15 minutes.

Packaged drug. The dose does not depend on weight. 2 sachets are diluted in half a liter of boiled warm water, mixed, and another half liter of cool water is added. To fully cleanse the intestines, you need to gradually take 3 liters of solution, starting from 17.00 to 22.00.

Fleet Phospho-soda Two bottles of the drug per package. Two 45 ml bottles of preparation are dissolved in 120 ml of cold boiled water. If the dose is prescribed in the morning, the prepared solution is drunk after breakfast, and the second portion is taken after dinner. When prescribed during the day, the solution is drunk after dinner, the second portion is taken after breakfast on the day of the procedure. The solution you drink must be washed down with 1-2 glasses of water.

Preparation for colonoscopy Lavacol is a packaged drug, one package is diluted in 200 ml of warm boiled water. The total amount of cleansing solution is 3 liters, which should be taken 18-20 hours before the procedure. From 14.00 to 19.00, take 200 ml of Levacol solution every 5-20 minutes.

Fortrans and Endofalk prevent the absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to rapid movement and subsequent evacuation of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of loose stool. The electrolytes contained in the preparations prevent the development of water-salt imbalance.

Fleet Phospho-soda and Lavacol delay the removal of fluid from the intestines, thereby increasing the volume of intestinal contents, softening stool, increasing peristalsis and accelerating bowel cleansing.

Also, preparation for the procedure includes the following recommendations:

• stop taking iron-containing and antidiarrheal medications;
• increase fluid intake;
• strictly follow all doctor's recommendations.

How is a colonoscopy performed?

The colonoscopy procedure is carried out in a specialized office. The patient undresses below the waist and lies on the couch on his left side. Legs must be bent at the knees and moved towards the stomach.

The procedure can be performed under local or general anesthesia, as well as sedation.

• Local anesthesia- as a rule, local anesthesia is proposed using one of the drugs based on lidocaine: luan gel, dicaine ointment, xylocaine gel, etc. When applied to the mucous membranes and lubricated with the drug on the tip of the colonoscope, a local anesthetic effect is achieved, while the patient remains fully conscious. Local anesthesia can also be achieved by intravenous administration of anesthetic.
• Sedation is the second option, in which a person is in a state similar to sleep, does not feel pain or discomfort, but consciousness is not turned off. The drugs midazolam, propofol and others are used.
• General anesthesia involves the administration of drugs that put the patient into a deep sleep. Despite the level of development of medicine, general anesthesia carries certain risks, has contraindications and requires some time for the patient to recover. Colonoscopy under anesthesia is indicated for examining children under 12 years of age, patients with mental illness, people with a high pain sensitivity threshold, and in a number of other cases.

After anesthesia, the doctor inserts a colonoscope into the anus and sequentially examines the walls of the large intestine, moving the probe forward and palpating along the surface of the abdomen, controlling the movement of the tube along the bends of the intestine. To make the picture more objective, the intestines expand with the help of supplied air.

The entry of air is accompanied by bloating and discomfort for the patient, plus you cannot make any movements during the examination, which is why patients prefer general anesthesia or sedation for the period of the examination.

The procedure lasts 15-30 minutes. A video recording is made of the colonoscope moving through the intestines. If necessary, a tissue biopsy is taken and polyps are removed. At the end of the study, gas is removed through a special channel of the colonoscope and the probe is carefully removed from the intestine.

After the procedure, the doctor draws up an examination protocol, gives recommendations to the patient and refers him to a specialist.

If local anesthesia was used, you can go home immediately after the procedure. General anesthesia requires observation for a certain time until the patient fully regains consciousness.

After the examination you can eat and drink. If the intestines remain full of gases, you can take 10 tablets of crushed activated carbon and wash it down with water. Abdominal massage will also help.

Possible complications of colonoscopy

• Perforation of the intestinal wall (incidence 1%);
• Bloating that goes away on its own;
• Bleeding in the intestines (0.1%);
• Respiratory arrest during general anesthesia (0.5%);
• Abdominal pain and hyperthermia up to 37.5 C for 2-3 days if polyps were removed.
• Cm. .

If the following phenomena occur after a colonoscopy, you should immediately consult a doctor:

• weakness;
• prostration;
• dizziness;
• abdominal pain;
• nausea and vomiting;
• loose stools with blood;
• hyperthermia above 38 C.

Indications for colonoscopy

This procedure has a strict list of indications. However, taking into account the experience of Western countries, healthy people over 50 years of age should undergo this examination annually, especially if close relatives have had problems with the large intestine, especially cancer.

Every year, colonoscopy is performed for people at risk (with,), as well as for those patients who have previously been operated on for intestinal disease.

Colonoscopy is prescribed if the following symptoms are present:

• frequent and severe constipation;
• frequent pain in the large intestine;
• mucous or bloody discharge from the rectum;
• frequent bloating;
• sudden weight loss;
• suspicion of colon disease;
• preparation for some gynecological operations (removal of a tumor of the uterus, ovary, etc.).

The main purpose of colonoscopy is the early diagnosis of various pathologies, which is especially important in the case of cancerous tumors.

Colonoscopy results are normal

The method allows you to objectively assess the condition of the mucous membrane of the large intestine along its entire length. Reliable endoscopic signs of unchanged colon mucosa are the following indicators:

• Color - normally the intestinal mucosa is pale pink or pale yellow in color. Erosion, inflammation and other pathologies change the color of the mucous membrane.
• Shine - normally the mucous membrane reflects light, which determines its shine. Dullness of the mucous membrane indicates insufficient mucus production, which is characteristic of pathological changes.
• Surface character- the surface should be smooth and slightly striated, without ulcerations, protrusions or tubercles.
• Vascular pattern- should be uniform without areas of enhancement or absence of blood vessels.
• Mucosal overlays- associated with accumulations of mucus and have the appearance of light lumps, without compactions, impurities of fibrin, pus or necrotic masses.

Any deviations from the described variants of the norm indicate a certain disease.

Diseases that are diagnosed using colonoscopy

• Colon polyp;
• Oncological pathology;
• Nonspecific ulcerative colitis;
• Intestinal diverticula;
• Crohn's disease;
• Intestinal tuberculosis.

Contraindications to colonoscopy

Conditions in which this procedure is contraindicated can be divided into absolute and relative. In the case of absolute indications, the study is excluded; in case of relative indications, the study can be carried out according to vital indications.

Alternative to colonoscopy

A painless and safe alternative to colonoscopy (as well as FGDS) is a capsule examination, in which the patient swallows a special endocapsule with a built-in video camera, it passes through the entire gastrointestinal tract and exits naturally through the anus.

This type of examination is carried out only on a paid basis (quite expensive) and does not always provide a complete picture. Moreover, if pathological changes are detected in the intestines, the patient will still have to undergo a colonoscopy procedure to confirm the diagnosis.

Despite the specifics of the procedure and some psychological and physical discomfort during colonoscopy, this type of diagnosis is the most reliable for assessing the condition of the large intestine.

Stomach and intestinal problems can plague people for years, eventually developing into serious illnesses. Due to the sensitivity of the problem or the fear of going to the doctor, people try to ignore frequent constipation. And they endure pain in the lower abdomen, anus area. However, if bloody leaks begin to appear from it, there is no time to delay the visit.

During a professional examination, a specialist may prescribe a detailed examination using intestinal colonoscopy. It is very effective, helps to make an accurate diagnosis, and sometimes eliminate the problem.

Fibercolonoscopy is the scientific name for diagnostic measures carried out throughout the large intestine, starting from the anus and ending with the connection with the small intestine. The manipulations are performed using a special apparatus. Simply put, this is a probe on a flexible tube (its diameter is about 1 cm). The length of the device today reaches 160 cm, whereas at the very beginning of the development of this equipment (in the 60s of the twentieth century), only 30 cm of the large intestine could be viewed. Today, its various sections can be viewed by broadcasting to the screen without problems.

On a note! How deep the colonoscope will be inserted is determined by the endoscopist, looking at the monitor. To make the process easier and to avoid injury, the organ is inflated with gas or air. This may cause pain.

Anesthesia is usually given to reduce discomfort. But his methods may be different.

The endoscope transmits a picture to the screen (it is also duplicated in the device window), which both helps during the procedure itself and can become a recording. With this video material, if necessary, you can go to a proctologist, gastroenterologist or oncologist.

Degree of pain and anesthesia

Of course, the question of how painful it will be is not the least of the concerns for people undergoing a colonoscopy.

Depending on the individual state of the organ and sensitivity, a person may feel pain or discomfort. It is caused not so much by the insertion of a thin tube as by the straightening of the intestinal walls with the help of gas. This is done both for a more accurate examination and to avoid accidental injury. Someone may feel not pain, but a burning sensation. But as soon as the examination is over and the supply of the substance stops, the unpleasant sensations will immediately disappear.

Some people are afraid of the possibility of infection during the procedure. However, according to the rules, the device must strictly undergo sanitation, so there is nothing to be afraid of.

Local anesthesia is the most common type of pain relief. To reduce sensitivity, experts use medications with lidocaine as an active ingredient:

• gels Xylocaine, Luan, Kategel;
• ointments (for example, Decamine).

Apply medications to the mucous membrane itself, starting from the anus. In addition, they coat the lower part of the colonoscope with them. As a result, sensitivity disappears or decreases, but the person remains conscious. This is the most gentle type of anesthesia for the body, after which you don’t have to “come away” and you can go home straight away.

Attention! Sometimes an anesthetic is given intravenously to locally block the nerve endings.

Sometimes, if a colonoscopy is too painful, the person is unnecessarily afraid and cannot relax the muscles, they are given sedatives such as Propofol, Midazolam. In this case, the person is dozing. Consciousness does not completely turn off, but during this medicinal sleep a person will not feel any discomfort or pain.

The third option (which creates additional stress on the body and is therefore used extremely rarely) is general anesthesia, as during surgical interventions. It is given to people with very high sensitivity, children under 12 years old and people with mental disorders.

So the issue of the painfulness of the procedure is not so pressing. It is enough to choose the optimal anesthesia option, and the procedure will go smoothly.

When is a colonoscopy performed?

This type of video endoscopic examination can be prescribed by a specialist if the patient has:

• traces of bloody fluid on the gusset of underwear or in the stool;
• painful and irregular bowel movements;
• the presence of hemorrhoids - for a more accurate diagnosis;
• formations of unknown nature discovered during a previous X-ray examination or computed tomography of the abdominal organs in an area of ​​the intestine accessible to the colonoscope;
• unclear picture of hemorrhoidal changes or the appearance of polyps;
• purulent discharge from the anus.

Colonoscopy is also part of screening for people with complaints about the functioning of the intestines, if their relatives had cancer or polyposis of this body system.

On a note! Colonoscopy is the most accurate diagnostic method, with the help of which a specialist can personally familiarize himself with the condition of the intestines. Other types of studies - ultrasound, CT, etc. cannot display the pathology in such detail and accurately.

Who does a colonoscopy and where?

The examination is carried out by a separate specialist - a coloproctologist. A nurse is helping him. The diagnostic procedure takes place in a room specially furnished for this purpose.

Only a couple of actions are required from the examinee:

1. Remove all clothing worn below the waist.
2. Lie on a standard couch on your left side and relax as much as possible to facilitate insertion of the equipment inside. At the same time, the legs are bent at the knees and pulled towards the stomach.

A diagnostic examination with a colonoscope can be combined with additional procedures, if necessary:

• remove found objects of a foreign nature;
• take histological material (biopsy procedure);
• examine very small ulcers, cracks, mini-polyps;
• examine in detail hemorrhoidal cones, diverticula or tumors;
• conduct a detailed examination of the intestinal mucosa and motility, and examine for the appearance of inflammation;
• expansion of a section of the intestine narrowed due to adhesions and scarring of tissue;
• remove various tumors urgently, right during the examination;
• carry out thermocoagulation (cauterization of damaged vessels from which blood flows).

Thus, the procedure can become not only diagnostic, but also therapeutic, eliminating problems on the spot. So you shouldn’t give it up out of fear.

Rules for preparing for the procedure

They are not very complicated, but the effectiveness of the procedure depends on their compliance. In a clogged intestine, the doctor simply cannot see anything, so measures are aimed at cleaning it. You will only have to stick to the special diet for 3 days.

In addition, two days before the colonoscopy, you need to temporarily stop taking medications containing iron and bismuth. Do not drink activated charcoal or medications that treat arthritis during this period. Medicines that thin the blood (Aspirin, Clexane, etc.) are also prohibited.

It is best to switch exclusively to liquid food on the last day. However, this is at personal discretion.

From the table you can understand how to effectively create the right menu for these days:

Recommended Products	Prohibited Products
Various fermented milk dishes	Non-heat-treated fruits and vegetables
Dishes made from boiled vegetables	Rye flour bread
Fully boiled eggs	Canned and pickled preparations, smoked products
Vegetable soups with broths	Porridge from pearl barley, wheat, oatmeal
Bakery products made from white flour	Legume family crops
Low fat meat and fish products	Roasted sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds; French fries
Compotes and fruit drinks, lightly brewed tea	Coffee drinks, milk, chocolate sweets
Cheeses, natural butter (cow)	Drinks with added carbon
Honey	Salted foods
Buckwheat and rice cereals	Alcohol

The last meal on the day before the colonoscopy is no later than 8 pm. Additionally, you can cleanse with an enema in the evening.

Medicinal cleansing

If the enema and diet are not to your liking, the doctor may prescribe one of the drugs that cleanse the body the day before. Their mechanism of action is approximately the same, and you will have to run to the toilet. The sensations will also not be the most pleasant - bloating, seething.

The following table shows several popular medications and the nuances of taking them:

Medicine	Image	Dosage	Appointment in preparation for the procedure
		1 sachet is designed for 20 kg of weight and is diluted in a liter of purified or boiled cool water	Use once, the night before. Or at the same time, but little by little with an interval of 15 minutes.
		Pour 2 sachets into half a liter of slightly warmed water, stir, add the same amount of chilled water	The required amount for administration is 3 liters. Drinks from 5 pm to 10 am
		2 bottles, each 45 ml. The bottle is poured into 120 ml of water	Take 1 bottle a day before the procedure twice: morning and evening. Drink plenty of water between meals
		Dissolve 1 sachet in 200 ml of warm water and consume 18-20 hours before the procedure. Drink 3 liters in total	The day before, from 2 pm to 7 pm, 200 grams. The interval between doses is a quarter of an hour.

So you can choose not only the method of anesthesia, but also the cleaning option.

Who writes a referral for a colonoscopy?

More than one doctor can refer you for the procedure. It all depends on the original type of problem. If you are tormented by difficulties with the digestive system, then you need to go to an appointment with a gastroenterologist.

In cases where pain and discomfort are concentrated in the anal area, it is better to go straight to a proctologist.

Video - Colonoscopy. What is this procedure and who should undergo it?

Note!

Many intestinal diseases have very similar symptoms. Therefore, for effective treatment it is extremely important to accurately determine the diagnosis.

And if the patient complains of pain in the abdomen and perineal area, bleeding and constipation, and a stool analysis before further examination shows a low hemoglobin content and a high erythrocyte content, then the proctologist will definitely prescribe an endoscopic colonoscopy.

Man is always afraid of the unknown. Therefore, any patient is interested in many questions: what is a colonoscopy and how is it done, does the procedure hurt, how is it done and when is it prescribed, what contraindications exist, and, finally, how to prepare for this examination.

But the most important of them is what will be the result? And we can give an unambiguous answer to this: the result will allow us to make an accurate diagnosis, which is the goal of any study.

At the same time, the device allows you to take tissue for biopsy and histology, as well as immediately perform a mini-operation to eliminate tumors, for example, polyps are eliminated during colonoscopy.

A real video of how an intestinal colonoscopy is performed in a specialized clinic is presented in our article below.

What is an intestinal colonoscopy?

So, the diagnosis is carried out with a fiber colonoscope, which is a long probe no larger than the diameter of a finger, connected to the monitor screen and equipped with modern optics, lighting, tweezers for taking histology samples and a special tube for pumping the intestines with air.

The most modern models also have a camera that allows you to take photos and display them in enlarged form on the screen for a more detailed study of a particular area of ​​the mucous membrane.

The possibilities of colonoscopy, which reveals and explores:

Allows you to immediately determine whether there are pathologies in the form of:

• internal hemorrhoids;
• various cracks, erosions, polyps;
• scars or scars due to intestinal adhesions;
• tumors or foreign bodies in the intestinal passages.

At the slightest suspicion of a cancerous tumor, the doctor immediately takes the biomaterial for biological or histological examination.

1. Immediately eliminate detected polyps, benign tumors and other growths during the study in order to free the patient from surgery. This procedure is called a polypectomy.
2. Localize intestinal bleeding and immediately eliminate its cause.
3. Remove any existing foreign body.
4. Expand the narrowed passages of the rectum and colon.
5. A snapshot of the required area for further detailed examination on the monitor screen.

Indications for colonoscopy

After forty years, proctologists advise absolutely everyone to do such a diagnosis at least once every five years for preventive purposes.

Colonoscopy is prescribed immediately in the following cases:

• mucous, purulent or bloody discharge from the perineum;
• bowel disturbances for a certain time - diarrhea or constipation;
• painful sensations in the abdomen in the direction of the large intestine;
• rapid weight loss for no apparent reason or anemia. Especially with a hereditary predisposition to intestinal cancer;
• if a previous irrigoscopy has revealed neoplasms and there is a suspicion of a malignant tumor;
• the appearance of a foreign body in this area;
• if a sigmoidoscopy has detected a tumor or polyps and it is necessary to examine the intestinal sections where the sigmoidometer does not reach.

For prevention purposes, the following is carried out:

• people over 50 years of age for early detection of colon cancer;
• patients with existing chronic intestinal pathologies;
• those who have advanced hemorrhoids and are in the last stage of development;
• if there are anal fissures;
• for constipation or diarrhea that is permanent;
• patients with constant pain in the abdominal area;
• with previously identified benign tumors;
• those who have close relatives suffering from colorectal cancer;
• for the purpose of monitoring the progress of treatment.

Contraindications for diagnosis

Yes, they exist too. There are situations when, based on individual indicators, this diagnosis cannot or is impossible for a patient. In this case, the proctologist must quickly determine how to check the intestines without a colonoscopy and find an alternative way to replace it.

During the consultation, the doctor, before prescribing a colonoscopy, must determine whether his patient suffers from:

• pulmonary or heart failure;
• inflammatory infectious processes of any localization;
• insufficient blood clotting;
• acute colitis or ulcer;
• inflammation of the peritoneum, or peritonitis.

All of the above symptoms are strict contraindications to colonoscopy, which can cause harm to health, complicated consequences and require alternative solutions.

The procedure is also contraindicated during pregnancy. It can cause premature birth or miscarriage. Therefore, it is necessary to select other diagnostic methods.

How to prepare for the procedure?

Not only the accuracy of the data obtained, but also your condition after the procedure will depend on how thoroughly you prepare. That is why you need to be very conscientious when preparing for a colonoscopy.

It is absolutely the same as for other instrumental diagnostic methods. The main goal is the intestines, as thoroughly as possible cleaned of feces. To do this, they perform cleansing enemas or take special medications to cleanse the intestines before a colonoscopy, and also adhere to a special menu for several days.

Diet (correct menu)

For 2–3 days, foods rich in fiber should be excluded so as not to cause the formation and accumulation of large amounts of feces and to facilitate the enema procedure. And also those that can cause gas and bloating. You should exclude cabbage, legumes, and black bread. Drinks include kvass, sweet carbonated drinks, milk.

It is allowed to drink tea, herbal infusions, and plain water.

Avoid dinner and breakfast before the procedure. Drink tea for dinner.

What can you drink before a colonoscopy?

You can drink water and tea. Yes, in the morning you are also allowed to drink some liquid - plain water or unsweetened tea.

During the interview, the proctologist should tell you how to eat for the next few days before the diagnosis.

Cleansing with an enema

Cleansing the intestines with an enema before diagnosis is an old, proven method. Do it the night before and in the morning. They use an Esmarch mug, which can be bought inexpensively at any pharmacy.

Pour one and a half liters of warm water into it, hang it at a height of at least one and a half meters, lubricate the tip and anus with any cream, lie on one side in a convenient place and carefully insert the tip 7 cm deep into the rectum.

Be patient as long as you can. Ideally, you should walk for at least 5 minutes and then have a bowel movement.

In the evening, two enemas are given one hour apart. Repeat the procedure as many times as possible until clean water begins to come out of the intestines.

Repeat the same manipulations in the morning.

Castor oil will make it easier to pass stool. You should drink it at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of weight. Warm it up a little and drink in large sips in the morning, and then repeat in the evening.

Taking castor oil before enemas and combining these procedures is prohibited.

Medical cleansing

Modern medications - laxatives - will help prepare the intestines for the colonoscopy procedure more gently, comfortably and efficiently.

They will especially help those who, for one reason or another, cannot do enemas. Modern drugs are presented:

1. Duphalac.
2. Levacolem.
3. Microlax.
4. Forlax.
5. Movieprep.
6. Fleet.
7. Fortrans.

They must be taken strictly following the instructions for use, starting from the previous day and starting the morning of the procedure.

Be sure to consult with a proctologist which laxative is best in your case.

If the diagnosis is scheduled for you in the afternoon, it is better to consult your doctor on how to prepare for it.

It is imperative to inform him about the presence of serious diseases, for example, diabetes, and stop taking medications the day before the examination.

Colonoscopy should be done on an empty stomach, especially if that day you still have a gastroscopy under medical sleep.

How is the colonoscopy procedure performed?

The procedure is quite simple. The patient undresses from the waist down and lies on his side on a special couch, bending his knees under him. For anesthesia, sometimes the anus area is treated with dicaine ointment or xylocaingel.

Then the proctologist carefully inserts the probe into the anus and begins to carefully move it deeper, examining the entire inner surface of the intestine. Air is supplied through a special tube in order to straighten the folds on the mucous membrane and to better examine its condition.

The examination data is displayed on the monitor, seeing which the proctologist makes his conclusions. With modern equipment, the results can be recorded on disk for further consultation with another specialist.

Everything takes approximately 10 minutes. How long does the procedure last if material is not collected for another study or other manipulations are not provided? In this case, its duration certainly increases to 30-40 minutes.

How a colonoscopy is done - watch the video:

How painful is the procedure?

Many people are interested in the question, is it painful to do a colonoscopy without anesthesia? No, you can only feel some discomfort during the injection of air into the intestinal flexures or the urge to defecate. You can easily get rid of the latter if you try to breathe deeply and slowly.

But for young children and patients with pathologies of the abdominal cavity or the presence of adhesions, colonoscopy is done under general short-term anesthesia, pain relief is administered intravenously, since diagnosis can be quite painful.

Colonoscopy, unfortunately, has a strong reputation as a procedure that is quite painful, which many patients cannot stand. Don't believe the rumors, this is absolutely not true. The professionalism of the specialist and the modern technical equipment of the device will allow you to experience minimal discomfort, that’s all.

Anesthesia

Local anesthesia - the patient is conscious, drugs based on lidocaine are used - ointments or gels, which are used to lubricate the skin in the anus area and treat the tip of the probe. Sometimes drugs are used for intravenous administration and pain relief.

During sedation, the patient is in a state of medical sleep. Colonoscopy in a dream involves the use of Midazolam or Propofol.

Colonoscopy under general anesthesia completely renders the patient unconscious for some time. It is associated with certain risks, therefore it has contraindications. But for children under 12 years of age, diagnosis is carried out only under general anesthesia, as well as for people with a high pain threshold, mental disorders, etc.

So, breathe freely and go to the procedure calmly. And then you will tell me whether it hurts and how much. But patient reviews today are significantly different from those a few years ago.

What to take with you?

For a colonoscopy, you need to take a minimum of things, as it takes place quite quickly and does not require much effort.

So don't forget:

• all necessary medical documentation - medical history, results of other tests, previous photographs;
• if there are chronic diseases, then a medical report on them;
• For older people, a recent cardiogram is necessary. And the doctor should warn you about this;
• socks to prevent your feet from getting cold during the session;
• slippers or disposable shoe covers;
• toilet paper or sanitary napkins in case you need to do additional bowel cleansing;
• a sheet, possibly disposable;
• For convenience, you can take a light robe with you.

That's it, you don't need anything else. And then, if you make an appointment at a paid clinic, then a disposable sheet, shoe covers, and toilet paper will be provided to you there.

Colonoscopy results are normal

The following can be considered positive indicators of the study:

1. Pale pink or yellowish color of the mucous membrane of all parts of the intestine. The presence of growths changes its shade.
2. When exposed to light, the mucous membrane should shine; this indicator indicates normal mucus secretion. Dullness indicates the presence of pathological processes.
3. The surface of the shell should be as smooth as possible. Lumps, protrusions, and growths are immediately noticeable during the procedure.
4. Accumulations of mucus should not contain pus, fibrin or accumulations of dying tissue; in normal condition they are visible in the form of light-colored small lumps.
5. The vascular pattern should be uniform and clearly visible throughout the entire intestine, have a uniform pattern.

Any deviation indicates a particular disease, which is determined by the proctologist.

Alternative research methods: what is better, what is the difference

Instrumental diagnostics includes a number of studies carried out using special devices for the purpose of early detection of serious diseases of any part of the intestine. The most common of these are magnetic resonance therapy, ultrasound, computed tomography of the intestine, and sigmoidoscopy.

Many of them are similar to each other, are alternative, but at the same time differ in some nuances and capabilities.

Let us compare the main diagnostic methods with colonoscopy and find out how they differ from it.

1. MRI of the intestines– more modern, comfortable and painless. It also has another name – virtual colonoscopy. It is carried out using a scanner that takes pictures of the organ from the front and back, and then forms a 3D image from the captured frames. But it is still inferior to traditional colonoscopy, since it cannot detect formations whose diameter is less than 10 mm and is prescribed if colonoscopy is contraindicated or if the small part of the intestine should be examined, where the colonoscope cannot reach. We can say that MRI is a preliminary method, after which the proctologist still prescribes a colonoscopy.
2. Colonoscopy and irrigoscopy, or simply an X-ray of the intestines using a contrast agent, what is the difference between them? The image shows defects in the large intestine, but, unlike colonoscopy, is not capable of identifying neoplasms in the early stages.
3. CT bowel– the method is also painless and informative, but does not show tumors in the early stages. And again, the doctor will prescribe a colonoscopy and biopsy procedure for a more detailed study of the condition of the intestinal mucosa.
4. Ultrasound of the intestine and colonoscopy - in this case it is impossible to say so simply which is better and more informative, since these are two completely different methods used for different indications. Ultrasound examination has advantages due to its availability, low cost, safety and complete painlessness. But still, if there is a suspicion of pathology of the large intestine, after an ultrasound, the doctor again prescribes a colonoscopy.
5. Capsule colonoscopy– is carried out using a special endocapsule with a built-in camera, which passes through the entire gastrointestinal tract and is excreted with feces through the anus. The method is expensive and not always informative.

What are the differences between colonoscopy and fibrocolonoscopy?

So: this is the same thing, including video colonoscopy.

Clearly, this diagnostic method has many advantages. But the exact answer to the question: which is better and more informative - MRI, ultrasound, CT, intestinal irrigoscopy or colonoscopy, can only be given by a coloproctologist, depending on the individual characteristics and indicators of the patient, his medical history and the results of previous studies.

Possible complications after the procedure (side effects)

Patients often ask if colonoscopy is dangerous and what are its consequences.

This procedure is relatively safe, and its consequences are extremely rare. The main ones:

• perforation of the intestinal wall– requires immediate medical care during which damaged tissues are restored;
• bleeding in the intestines– can happen right during the procedure. In this case, the diagnosis is immediately stopped, an injection of adrenaline is given to the damaged area, or a vessel that is bleeding is cauterized. If a complication occurs several hours or even days after diagnosis, it requires immediate hospitalization and surgery using general anesthesia;
• splenic rupture– occurs extremely rarely, but still occurs;
• During a colonoscopy you can get infected hepatitis C and B, syphilis or salmonellosis.

Urgent medical attention is needed if, hours or days after your colonoscopy, you:

• temperature above 38 degrees;
• your stomach hurts so much that you don’t know what to do;
• blood is discharged from the perineum, or bloody diarrhea has appeared;
• nausea accompanied by vomiting;
• pain or constipation;
• feeling of general malaise, weakness;
• dizziness and headache.

Prevention of consequences:

• carry out diagnostics according to strict indications, in case of contraindications, replace them with other methods using endoscopic equipment;
• the doctor must carefully and competently prepare the patient, explain to him the importance of self-cleansing the intestines and diet;
• identify concomitant diseases that can cause complications;
• perform colonoscopy under sterile conditions, thoroughly sterilize the instrument;
• carefully approach the issue of choosing a competent and professional specialist.

How to eat to restore your intestines after a colonoscopy:

• the diet for several days should consist of foods that are easily digestible;
• products should contain the maximum amount of vitamins,
• minerals and other beneficial substances. This is a good prevention of inflammatory infectious processes and intestinal bleeding;
• You should eat in small portions; you should not immediately load the digestive tract, which has been clean and free of toxins and waste for several days;
• exclude overeating and heavy foods;
• you can: boiled eggs, light vegetable soups, low-fat steamed or boiled fish, fresh and boiled vegetables and fruits;
• not allowed: fried and smoked foods, sausages and frankfurters, fresh white bread, confectionery, sweets, baked goods, whole grain cereals;
• alcohol is prohibited after the procedure;
• to restore beneficial microflora, you can consume fermented milk products - kefir, cottage cheese,
  yoghurts, take probiotics such as Bifidumbacterin, preferably in liquid form and not in tablets.

Forbidden:

1. Get up and immediately leave the medical facility. The patient should remain under the doctor's supervision for several more hours, especially if there was general anesthesia.
2. Fluid intake is not limited; you can drink anything.
3. Loading the stomach and intestines with heavy food will cause constipation.
4. The stool will return to normal within 2-3 days, provided that you include foods rich in fiber in your diet. Otherwise, the period for the appearance of normal stool will be delayed for several more days, and questions like: after a colonoscopy I can’t go to the toilet will become completely understandable.
5. Take laxatives and give enemas if after a colonoscopy you feel flatulence, bloating, and your stomach and lower abdomen hurt. After diagnosis, you can get rid of this condition by taking activated carbon tablets at the rate of 1 pc. per 10 kg of weight.
6. Before and after the procedure, take iron supplements and anticoagulants.
7. Any medication taken during this period should be discussed with your doctor.

FAQ

How often can I have a bowel colonoscopy?

It is not advisable to do this often; the intestines should take a break from active cleansing with enemas or medications. For preventive purposes, you should undergo such an examination twice a year. This is enough to promptly identify even minor intestinal pathologies and identify diseases at the earliest stages of its development.

But since colonoscopy is the most informative diagnostic method, if necessary and if prescribed by a doctor, it can be done more often.

What kind of doctor does a colonoscopy?

In many countries, diagnosis is carried out by a coloproctologist. In Russia there is a doctor - an endoscopist, who has a narrow specialization in the field of instrumental diagnostics of the intestine.

Is it possible to do a colonoscopy:

• pregnant women– extremely undesirable, solely for health reasons in the early stages of pregnancy;
• during menstruation– in gynecology on the first day of the cycle if uterine endometriosis is suspected. In other cases, it is better to postpone the diagnosis. The exception is in cases of emergency;
• an elderly person- it all depends on his general condition. According to doctors, at least once a year in order to detect a cancerous tumor at an early stage. In other cases - as prescribed by a doctor;
• for hemorrhoids diagnostics can be carried out, but there are contraindications. This is the rehabilitation period after surgery in the early stages, paraproctitis, colitis and proctitis in the acute stage;
• for constipation You should prepare for the procedure more carefully and for a longer period of time; sit on a slag-free diet for approximately 4 days.

At what age do children have a colonoscopy and where?

Typically, from the age of three, children begin to have intestinal problems, and the doctor can prescribe a procedure according to indications. It requires high professionalism, experience and honed skills. Children under 12 years of age undergo coloscopy under light general anesthesia, so as not to cause panic in the child. The preparatory period, as in adults, requires careful preparation, which includes diet, laxatives and cleansing enemas. It is better to carry out diagnostics in specialized medical centers, including children's.

In what cases is a colonoscopy performed using special underwear?

Shorts, briefs, short pants are intended for those patients who experience great discomfort due to the need to be naked to the waist. Often this fact delays a visit to a proctologist. The underwear is no different from regular underwear, it just has a small hole in the anus. Very convenient for use during menstruation, when it is not possible to postpone the procedure. Made of thick cotton fabric in white and blue tones.

Where is it made and price?

If your clinic has an endoscopist, then the examination, preparation and procedure itself will cost you free, but most likely without anesthesia. A similar diagnosis is made in the gastroenterology departments of the hospital.

There are also many specialized proctology centers where colonoscopy can be done during medicated sleep or under general anesthesia. But it will cost you significantly more. How much does it cost to have a colonoscopy? In Moscow, for example, the price of such a procedure can be up to 13 thousand rubles, in the regions - less.