Treatment of acute rhinitis in children. A method of treating eye diseases and eye drops and eye ointment for its implementation Alkaline eye drops instructions

The invention relates to the field of medicine, namely to ophthalmology. The essence of the invention is the treatment of eye diseases by introducing into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, as well as conducting a course of injection of the patient with a drug in the form of an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Eye ointment and eye drops contain alkaline salts or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. In this case, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are chosen as the alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and 5-amino-2,3-dihydro is chosen as a mixture of alkaline salts -1,4-phthalazinedione is used, composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of a mixture of these salts. The method and medications ensure the effectiveness of treatment and the possibility of reducing treatment time. 3 n. and 13 salary f-ly.

The invention relates to medicine, namely to ophthalmology, and can be used for the treatment, as well as for the prevention of eye diseases of various nosologies.

There is a known method of treating eye diseases, including administering the drug “Sulfacyl sodium” to the patient by either/or instilling 1-2 drops 3 times a day (10-30)% of an aqueous solution of the drug into the conjunctival sac of the eye, or/and lubricating the affected organ with an appropriate ointment composition, or/and dusting, for example, the cornea of ​​the eye with the powder of this drug, as well as taking it orally (see, for example, M.D. Mashkovsky “Medicines.” Publishing house “Medicine”, M., 1985, volume .2, pp. 281-282).

The known method is used in the treatment of conjunctivitis, blepharitis, purulent ulcerations of the cornea, as well as gonorrheal diseases of the eyes of newborns and adults and other infectious diseases of the eye. However, such treatment is not indicated for patients with toxic-allergic reactions to sulfonamides, diseases of the hematopoietic system and uremia.

The closest analogue prototype is a method of treating eye diseases, including the administration of a medicinal product containing alkali metal salts (iodides) of potassium - “Potassium iodide” or sodium - “Sodium iodide” by instilling 1 drop into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye 3 times a day 3% aqueous solution of the drug (see, for example, M.D. Mashkovsky “Medicines”, Publishing House “Medicine”, M, 1985, vol. 2, pp. 132-133).

This method is used in the treatment of cataracts, late syphilitic changes in the optic nerve (Sodium iodide) and other eye diseases, but it is contraindicated in cases of idiosyncrasy to iodine.

Known eye drops are made in the form of (10-30)% aqueous solution of the drug “Sulfacyl sodium” (see, for example, M.D. Mashkovsky “Medicines”, Publishing house “Medicine”, M., 1985, volume .2, p.281-282).

These drops are used to treat conjunctivitis, blepharitis, purulent ulcerations of the cornea, as well as gonorrheal diseases of the eyes of newborns and adults and other infectious diseases of the eye. However, they are contraindicated in patients with toxic-allergic reactions to sulfonamides, diseases of the hematopoietic system and uremia, and in addition, the use of these drops in the form of more concentrated solutions causes tissue irritation.

The closest prototype analogue is eye drops containing a 3% aqueous solution of the alkali metal salt (iodide) potassium - “Potassium iodide” or sodium - “Sodium iodide” (see, for example, M.D. Mashkovsky “Medicines.” Ed. "Medicine", M., 1985, vol. 2, pp. 132-133).

These drops are used in the treatment of cataracts and other eye diseases, but they are contraindicated in cases of idiosyncrasy to iodine.

An ointment containing (10-30)% of the drug “Sulfacyl sodium” on an ointment basis is known (see, for example, M.D. Mashkovsky “Medicines.” Publishing house “Medicine”, M., 1985, vol. 2 , pp. 281-282).

This ointment is used to treat conjunctivitis, blepharitis, purulent ulcerations of the cornea, as well as gonorrheal diseases of the eyes of newborns and adults and other infectious diseases of the eye. However, its use is contraindicated in patients with toxic-allergic reactions to sulfonamides, diseases of the hematopoietic system and uremia.

The closest prototype analogue is 0.5% hydrocortisone ophthalmic ointment (Unguentum hydrocortisone acetates 0.5%), 2.5 g of which contains 0.0125 g of hydrocortisone acetate and 0.005 g of chloramphenicol (see, for example, M .D.Mashkovsky “Medicines.” Publishing house “Medicine”, M., 1985, vol.1, p.569).

This ointment is used to treat conjunctivitis, blepharitis, iritis, keratitis, etc., however, it is contraindicated for viral and fungal diseases of the eye and eye tuberculosis.

The present invention solves the problem of obtaining a method for treating a range of eye diseases, as well as eye drops and eye ointment for implementing this method without limiting their use due to any contraindications.

The essence of the invention is that in the method of treating eye diseases, including the introduction of a medicinal product in the form of an alkaline salt into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, during treatment, a course of injection is also carried out on the patient, and the medicinal product is administered (1-5) times a day, an injection course is performed containing (10-25) injections, and injections are carried out (1-2) times a day or 1 time every other day, and for injections an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1 is used ,4-phthalazinedione, wherein a single dose for injection is selected in the amount of (20-2000) mg of an alkaline salt or, accordingly, a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione per (1-10) ml of water for injection.

In this case, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are chosen as the alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and 5-amino-2,3-dihydro is chosen as a mixture of alkaline salts -1,4-phthalazinedione is used composed, for example, with an equal ratio of components, a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

In addition, when choosing the lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione as a drug for introduction into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection, respectively, when injecting or for injection, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium or calcium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium , or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione.

In this case, when choosing the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye or for injection, respectively, when injecting or for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye, either sodium or lithium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2, 3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

When choosing 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection, either potassium or lithium salt is selected for injection or for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye. , or sodium or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3 -dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

When choosing the calcium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione as a drug for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye or for injection, respectively, either calcium or lithium is selected for injection or for injection into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye , or sodium or potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3 -dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

In this case, the introduction of a medicinal product into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye is carried out either/and by instilling appropriate eye drops, or/and lubricating the conjunctiva with an appropriate ophthalmic ointment, or/and by dusting the cornea of ​​the eye with the powder of the medicinal product.

The essence of the invention is that in eye drops containing an aqueous solution of alkaline salts, an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione is used, with the following ratio of components vol.%: alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione - 0.1-10.0; water - the rest.

In this case, as an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, they use either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts, and as a mixture of alkaline salts they choose one composed, for example, with equal the ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

The essence of the invention is that an eye ointment containing a drug in the form of an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione on an ointment base also includes a mixture of alkali salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, and the ointment base is made in the form, for example, of medical petroleum jelly, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or a mixture of alkaline salts 5 -amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione - 1.0-50.0; medical Vaseline - the rest.

In this case, as an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are used, and as a mixture of alkaline salts one is chosen, composed, for example, with equal the ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

In addition, when powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or mixtures of all these salts, or part of these salts.

In this case, when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, the lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops , in the composition of the eye ointment, for dusting the cornea of ​​the eye, choose either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or the lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

Moreover, also when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, to powder the cornea of ​​the eye, choose either sodium, or lithium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium , or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

Moreover, when choosing either for injection, or as a composition of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, the potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as a part of eye drops, in the composition of the eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, choose either potassium, or lithium, or sodium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

In addition, when choosing either for injection, or in the composition of eye drops, or in the composition of eye ointment, or for dusting the cornea of ​​the eye, the calcium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, in the composition of eye drops , in the composition of the eye ointment, for dusting the cornea of ​​the eye, either calcium, or lithium, or sodium, or potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione are chosen, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or the lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

Studies have shown that this method of treating eye diseases, due to the bifurcation activity of the drug used in inflammatory processes, selectively suppresses the activity of macrophages for several hours, correspondingly reducing the level of TNF and acute-phase proteins, which leads to a smoothing of the symptoms of intoxication. At the same time, there is also an activation of the superoxide-forming function and phagocytic activity of neutrophil granulocytes and a corresponding strengthening of the microbicidal system of cells and relief of the inflammatory process.

In case of a weak reaction of cellular immunity, for example, in the presence of malignant neoplasms, the proposed method of treatment by administering a medicinal preparation of an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione provides the release of TNF (tumor necrosis factor), interleukins and other acute-phase proteins, which indicates activation of macrophages. At the same time, T-lymphocytes also specifically respond to the administration of the drug.

Studies have shown that a drug administered to a patient by injection or other means in the form of an alkaline (for example, lithium or sodium, or potassium, or calcium) salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione (chemical formula respectively - C 8 H 6 N 3 O 2 Li, or C 8 H 6 N 3 O 2 Na or C 8 H 6 N 3 O 2 K or (C 8 H 6 N 3 O 2) 2 Ca) or mixtures of these alkaline salts, this salt (salt mixture) is divided into metal cations (respectively Li +, Na + K + or Ca +) and 5-amino-3-hydro-1,4-phthalazinedione anions (respectively C 8 H 6 N 3 O - 2 ). In this case, cations replenish the corresponding needs of the body, and anions, interacting, for example, with blood plasma, decompose with the release of carbon, atomic oxygen, nitrogen, and also a hydroxyl group (OH). Then oxygen and nitrogen are reduced, thereby setting antioxidant activity, and hydroxyl groups interact with carbon, transferring the acid base from the state of acidosis to the alkaline side.

In addition, due to the presence of chemiluminescent properties of luminol, on the basis of which the drug is formed, during oxidative reactions with luminol (with the 5-amino-3-hydro-1,4-phthalazinedione anion), light energy is emitted (see also, for example, http :// www.gpo.ucop.edu, Briheim et al., 1984), and when interacting with albumin, an increase in chemiluminescence intensity is observed, proportional to the increase in albumin concentration (see ibid., Buturlakin et al., 1975).

The conducted studies have shown that the emission of light energy during chemiluminescence is perceived by the cells of the body, and the quanta of light energy emitted during this process participate in the exchange mechanism as an energy supply that facilitates the exchange process.

Studies have also shown that in the case of an altered state of the cell membrane (cytoplasm) (which is a consequence of many diseases), the introduction of the drug alkaline salt or a mixture of these salts, luminol, brings the membrane to a normal state, normalizes and regulates intracellular and intercellular metabolic processes and, accordingly, normalizes metabolism.

The invention is supported by examples.

Patient S., 18 years old.

Complaints about rapid eye fatigue when reading and working with a computer, a feeling of sand in the eyes.

Upon presentation, redness of the conjunctiva and mucus.

Diagnosis: chronic conjunctivitis.

A course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 10 days, intramuscular injections of the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg per 1 ml of water for injection, as well as instillation of eye drops containing 2% aqueous solution of sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, one drop in the morning and afternoon and lubricating the conjunctiva before bed with an eye ointment containing 5% sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course of treatment, the condition is satisfactory, it is recommended to instill eye drops containing a 5% aqueous solution of a mixture in equal proportions of sodium and potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione for 7 days.

Patient G., graduate student, 23 years old.

Complaints of itchy eyes, photophobia, fatigue when reading.

Upon treatment - redness and ulceration of the edges of the eyelids, mucus.

History of recent history of herpes zoster.

Diagnosis: ulcerative blepharitis.

A course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 10 days, intramuscular injections of a mixture of lithium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 150 mg (in a ratio of lithium and sodium salts of 1:2) for 2 ml of water for injection, as well as lubricating the conjunctiva in the morning and evening with ophthalmic ointment, including 10% potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and dusting the cornea before bedtime with calcium salt 5-amino-2 powder, 3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course, there were positive dynamics, the condition was satisfactory, a continuation of the procedures for 5 days of lubricating the conjunctiva with the eye ointment of the previous composition and dusting the cornea of ​​the eye, but with the appropriate potassium salt, was prescribed.

Two weeks after the start of treatment, there is no ulceration or redness of the eyelids, no itching, and fatigue when working with books has decreased somewhat. However, when working with a computer for a long time, redness of the eyelids appears.

Patient E., 20 years old.

Complaints of itching in the eyes during and after wearing contact lenses.

Upon treatment, inflammation of the cornea and presumably the iris of the left eye.

Diagnosis: conjunctivitis, iridocyte.

A course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 7 days, injections: intraocular - lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 50 mg per 1 ml of water for injection and intramuscular - a mixture of lithium and sodium salts 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg (in a ratio of lithium and sodium salts of 1:1) per 1 ml of water for injection, as well as lubricating the conjunctiva in the morning and evening with an eye ointment containing 5 % potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course, the condition was satisfactory; it was prescribed to continue lubricating the conjunctiva in the morning and evening with an eye ointment containing 5% potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

When examined two weeks later, the cornea is transparent, iridescent, clean, and the condition is satisfactory.

Patient Z., 52 years old.

Complaints of blurred vision, pain after an eye injury caused by hydrochloric acid solution getting into the eyes.

Upon presentation, there was inflammation of the corneas of both eyes, partial opacity with small ulcerations of the cornea of ​​the left eye.

Diagnosis: keratitis.

A course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 12 days, injections:

intraocular, in both eyes - a mixture of lithium and potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg (in an equal (1:1) ratio of lithium and potassium salts) per 1 ml of water for injections and intramuscularly with a mixture (in equal proportions) of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 200 mg per 2 ml of water for injection, as well as lubrication (3-4) once a day of the conjunctiva with 15% eye ointment, including a mixture in equal proportions of lithium, potassium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione and dusting the cornea of ​​the eyes at night with a powder containing a mixture of potassium and calcium salts 5 -amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course - positive dynamics, satisfactory condition, eye drops containing a 10% aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium and potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione were prescribed, it was recommended to continue the procedures for lubricating the conjunctiva with the same eye ointment composition and dusting the cornea of ​​the eye, but with the appropriate potassium salt.

3 weeks after the start of treatment, the corneas are clean, there is no inflammation or ulceration, it is recommended to continue lubricating the conjunctiva in the morning and evening with an eye ointment containing 2% sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione for 5 days.

Patient U., 64 years old.

During clinical examination, partial clouding was detected in the peripheral parts of the lens of the left eye. In addition, when reading, I get headaches and “floaters” periodically appear before my eyes.

Diagnosis: immature cataract of the left eye, complicated by inflammation of the choroid.

A course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 10 days, injections:

intraocular, in both eyes - a mixture of lithium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg (in an equal ratio of lithium and sodium salts) per 1 ml of water for injection and intramuscularly with a mixture ( in equal proportions) of lithium, sodium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 150 mg per 2 ml of water for injection, as well as lubricating the conjunctiva (2-3) times a day 15 % eye ointment, including a mixture in equal proportions of lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course, there were positive dynamics, areas of cloudiness were practically absent, the headaches stopped, the condition was satisfactory.

Eye drops containing a 5% aqueous solution of a mixture in equal proportions of sodium and potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione were prescribed, once for 7 days, in the morning, and it was also recommended to continue for ( 7-10) days of the procedure for lubricating the conjunctiva with ophthalmic ointment of the previous composition.

Patient Ts., 75 years old.

Complaints of pain in the left eye, blurred vision.

There was a history of cataract extraction in this eye with intraocular lens implantation.

Upon presentation, partial clouding of the lens of the right eye was detected. Ocular pressure in the right eye is 24, in the left - 27 mmHg.

Diagnosis: primary glaucoma.

A course of treatment was carried out: daily, for 10 days, injections: intraocular, in both eyes - with a mixture of lithium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 100 mg (in an equal ratio of lithium and sodium salts) per 1 ml of water for injection and intramuscularly with a mixture (in equal proportions) of lithium and sodium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in a single dose of 150 mg per 2 ml of water for injection, as well as instillation into the conjunctiva of each eye with eye drops containing a 5% aqueous solution of a mixture in equal proportions of lithium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

After the course - positive dynamics, areas of turbidity are practically absent, eye pressure in the right eye is 18, in the left - 20 mmHg. The headaches have stopped and my condition is satisfactory.

CLAIM

1. A method for the treatment of eye diseases, including the introduction of a medicinal product in the form of an alkaline salt into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye, characterized in that during treatment the patient is also given a course of injections, while the medicinal product is administered 1-5 times a day, the injection course contains 10 -25 injections, and injections are carried out 1-2 times a day or 1 time every other day, and for injections an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione is used, with a single dose for injections are selected in the amount of 20-2000 mg of alkaline salt or, respectively, a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amico-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione per 1-10 ml of water for injection.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are chosen as the alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and as a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, a mixture composed, for example, with an equal ratio of components, is used, either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium , or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4- phthalazinedione.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when choosing the lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione as a drug for administration into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye or for injection, respectively, when injecting or for injection, choose either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium , or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione salts.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when choosing the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione as a drug for administration into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye or for injection, respectively, when injected or for introduction into the conjunctival sac of the patient's eye, either sodium, or lithium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione are selected or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium , or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when choosing 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione as a drug for introduction into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye or for injection of potassium salt, respectively, when injecting or for introduction into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye, either potassium, or lithium, or sodium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione are selected or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium , or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when choosing the calcium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione as a drug for administration into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye or for injection, respectively, when injected or for introduction into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye, either calcium, or lithium, or sodium, or potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione are selected or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium , or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

7. A method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the introduction of a medicinal product into the conjunctival sac of the patient’s eye is carried out either/and by instilling appropriate eye drops, or/and by lubricating the conjunctiva with an appropriate eye ointment, or/and by dusting the cornea of ​​the eye with powder medicinal product.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that when powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or a compound , for example, with an equal ratio of the components of the mixture or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, the lithium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, for dusting the cornea of ​​the eye, choose either lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4 -phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for dusting the cornea of ​​the eye, the sodium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, choose either sodium, or lithium, potassium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4- phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of components, a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium , sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, the potassium salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, for dusting the cornea of ​​the eye, choose either potassium, or lithium, or sodium, or calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4 -phthalazinedione, or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that when choosing either for injection, or as part of eye drops, or as part of an eye ointment, or for dusting the cornea of ​​the eye, calcium salt 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, respectively, when injected, as part of eye drops, as part of an eye ointment, for powdering the cornea of ​​the eye, either calcium, or lithium, or sodium, or potassium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4 are chosen -phthalazinedione or composed, for example, with an equal ratio of the components of a mixture of either lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

13. Eye drops containing an aqueous solution of alkaline salts, characterized in that they use an alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione in the following ratio of components, vol.%: alkaline salt or a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione – 0.1-10.0; water - the rest.

14. Eye drops according to claim 13, characterized in that the corresponding or lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are used as the alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and as a mixture of alkaline salts, choose a mixture composed, for example, with an equal ratio of components, or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

15. Eye ointment containing a drug in the form of an alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione on an ointment base, characterized in that it also includes a mixture of alkaline salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro -1,4-phthalazinedione, and the ointment base is made in the form, for example, of medical petroleum jelly, with the following ratio of components, wt.%: alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione or a mixture of alkaline salts 5 -amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione – 1.0-50.0; medical Vaseline - the rest.

16. Eye ointment according to claim 15, characterized in that the corresponding or lithium, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium salts are used as the alkaline salt of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, and as a mixture of alkaline salts, choose a mixture composed, for example, with an equal ratio of components, or lithium and sodium, or lithium and potassium, or lithium and calcium, or sodium and potassium, or sodium and calcium, or potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium and potassium, or lithium, sodium and calcium, or sodium, potassium and calcium, or lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts of 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione.

Eye drops are used in ophthalmological practice for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the anterior segment of the eye, outer membranes and eyelids. Such products can have different effects on the eyes; they contain one or more components.

Immediately before instilling the drops, the bottle of medicine should be warmed in your hand to body temperature. The procedure should be carried out in a calm environment, after washing your hands. In order for the drop to get to the right place, you should tilt your head back and pull down your lower eyelid. To avoid getting the medicinal solution into the nasal cavity, after instillation, close your eye and press on the inner corner.

An important feature of medicinal eye medications is that they quickly penetrate through the outer mucous membrane of the eye into the deeper parts of the visual apparatus. It is not permissible to use such means on your own. Before starting treatment, it is important to read the instructions.

So, how to put eye drops for various diseases and what kind of eye drops are there in general?

Types of eye drops

Let's look at the list of eye medications depending on their pharmacological action:

• Antimicrobial. They include antibiotics, as well as antiviral, antiseptic and antimycotic drugs;
• Anti-inflammatory.
• Antiglaucoma. They are divided into drugs that improve the outflow of ocular fluid and inhibit the production of aqueous fluid.
• Drugs that improve tissue metabolism.
• Antiallergic.
• Medicines for the treatment of cataracts.
• Moisturizing.
• Diagnostic.

The best eye drops can be prescribed by a specialist, as he understands the composition and pharmacological action of the drug

The best eye drops

Next, we’ll talk about what effective remedies there are in the fight against various types of ophthalmological disorders. You can choose the best drops only after a detailed review and comparative analysis.

Moisturizing

This group of drugs is used for tired and dry eyes. Experts recommend using moisturizers for dry eye syndrome, prolonged use of the computer, and exposure to adverse environmental factors. Such medications are sold without a prescription form, so they can be freely purchased in pharmacy chains.

Moisturizing drops do not affect the tissues of the eye, but are artificial tears. Thanks to this, they have virtually no contraindications. Let's consider popular products from the group of moisturizing drugs:

• Visomitin. The product has a keratoprotective effect, it fights age-related changes in tear fluid, as well as dry eye syndrome. Visomitin has antioxidant activity, which normalizes conjunctival cells, relieves the inflammatory reaction and normalizes the composition of the tear film. Visomitin is drops for cutting, itching, burning and pain in the eyes. This is a unique drug that affects not only the symptoms, but also the very cause of the problem.
• Systane. The relaxing drug effectively eliminates dryness, fatigue and irritation of the eyes. Soon after instillation, unpleasant symptoms such as itching, redness, and burning decrease. When the drops fall on the mucous membrane of the eye, they form a film that protects against drying out.
• Vidisik. The gel has keratoprotective properties. This is a combined remedy, similar in composition to tear fluid. Vidisik forms a delicate film on the surface of the eye that lubricates and moisturizes. The gel stimulates healing processes.
• Hilo chest of drawers. These are drops for relaxing the eyes, which are used for dry eye syndrome, after surgery, and also for feeling comfortable when wearing contact lenses. Hilo-komod contains hyaluronic acid, it does not contain any preservatives and is approved for use during pregnancy. Hilo-chest of drawers are drops for pain, itching and fatigue in the eyes.

Systane is a well-known eye drop for irritation

Activating metabolic processes

Experts prescribe such drops to slow down age-related changes and degenerative processes in the tissues of the visual apparatus, as well as in the treatment of cataracts. The active components included in the composition help the eye receive more oxygen and nutritional components. Medicines in this group improve microcirculation processes, nutrition of the eye and restore functional activity.

Let us highlight the prominent representatives of this group:

• Quinax. Often prescribed for the treatment of lens opacity - cataracts. Quinax has antioxidant activity and protects the lens from the negative effects of free radicals.
• Taufon. The drug is prescribed for dystrophic changes occurring in the organs of vision. Taufon stimulates metabolic and energy processes, and also accelerates healing processes. The product normalizes intraocular pressure and metabolism.
• Catalin. It is used for preventive and therapeutic purposes against diabetic and senile cataracts. Catalin normalizes nutrition, metabolic processes in the lens, and also prevents the appearance and development of cataract symptoms.

Taufon are cheap eye drops that activate metabolic processes in the tissues of the eye.

Antiglaucoma

Antiglaucoma drops are prescribed for increased intraocular pressure. Glaucoma, or eye hypertension, is fraught with the development of atrophic changes in the optic nerve and complete loss of vision. The drugs reduce the production of intraocular fluid and improve its outflow. Such drops are a good method of non-surgical treatment of glaucoma. The preservation of the patient’s vision depends on the correctness of their choice.

Let's talk about four well-known anti-glaucoma drops:

• Pilocarpine. The drug constricts the pupil of the eye and reduces increased intraocular pressure. Pilocarpine is also used during eye examinations, as well as after surgical interventions. The product belongs to the group of alkaloids, which is made from the leaves of a plant of the genus Pilocarpus;
• Betoptik. The drug belongs to the group of selective beta-blockers. Intraocular pressure is reduced by reducing the production of ocular fluid. Betoptik selectively affects the receptors of the visual apparatus. The product does not affect pupil size and twilight vision;
• Fotil. These are combined drops that contain pilocarpine and timolol, a beta-blocker. Fotil causes a spasm of accommodation and constriction of the pupil. Already half an hour after instillation, an effect is observed that can last up to fourteen hours;
• Xalatan. The product improves the outflow of aqueous humor, preventing the progression of glaucoma.

Eye wash drops

Eye rinsing may be necessary in case of injury, as well as exposure to a foreign body or aggressive substances. Doctors also recommend the procedure for inflammatory processes. Let's look at three types of eye wash drops:

• Sulfacyl. Belongs to the group of sulfonamides. It has a bacteriostatic effect on gram-positive and gram-negative microflora. This means that under the influence of the drug, the active growth and reproduction of pathogens is suspended;
• Levomycetin. This is an antibiotic with a wide spectrum of action. Accustoming to Levomycetin occurs slowly.
• Albucid. This is an antibiotic with a bacteriostatic effect that eliminates infectious and inflammatory processes. The active substance has antimicrobial activity and belongs to sulfonamides.

Albucid are antibacterial drops that are used to wash the eyes

Midriatics

The pupil is a hole in the iris of the eye through which sunlight enters and is refracted onto the retina. Drops to dilate the pupil can be used in two cases:

• Therapeutic purpose. In the treatment of inflammatory processes and during surgery.
• Diagnostic purpose. To check the fundus of the eye.

Let's review the famous mydriatics:

• Atropine. The product has a large number of contraindications and is highly toxic. Sometimes the effect of Atropine lasts for ten days. The drug can cause discomfort and blurred vision for a certain period of time;
• Mydriacyl. Approximately twenty minutes after instillation, the product begins to act. The therapeutic activity is maintained for several hours, which means the functions of the eye are quickly restored. The product can be used by both adults and children. You can read more about eye drops for children in this article;
• Irifrin. The product is used for both medicinal and diagnostic purposes. This is due to Irifrin’s ability to lower intraocular pressure.

Irifrin is used for diagnostic purposes to dilate the pupil.

Antiseptic

The main task of antiseptics is to disinfect surfaces. These agents have a wide spectrum of action and therefore bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi are sensitive to them. They are low-allergenic and do not have a systemic effect on the body. The drugs help alleviate the condition of conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis and other inflammatory processes. Antiseptics eliminate redness and prevent the effects of pathogens.

Let's consider two well-known antiseptics for the treatment of eye diseases:

• Vitabact. Drops have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. Piloxidin is the main active component of the drug. Vitabact is used for infectious lesions of the anterior parts of the eye: conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, keratitis, blepharitis.
• Okomistin. Benzyldimethyl is the active ingredient in antiseptic drops. Okomistin is prescribed for eye injuries, keratitis, conjunctivitis. It is also used to prevent purulent-inflammatory complications.

Okomistin is an antiseptic drop for eyes and ears.

Antiallergic

This group of drugs is used for allergic manifestations in the eye area:

• redness;
• edema;
• burning;
• photophobia;
• lacrimation.

The peculiarity of antiallergic drops is that they only relieve allergy symptoms, but do not have a therapeutic effect. Such drugs are prescribed for seasonal conjunctivitis, inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by wearing contact lenses, as well as drug-induced inflammation.

Consider the list of antiallergic drops:

• Alomide. It is an antihistamine used to stabilize mast cells. After instillation, temporary itching, burning and tingling may occur.
• Allergodil. The product has an anti-edematous and anti-allergic agent. Allergodil is used for seasonal conjunctivitis, as well as year-round inflammation of an allergic nature. It is allowed to use the product after twelve years. Allergodil may cause eye irritation.
• Opatanol. The active component of the drops is a potent selective antihistamine. Opatanol effectively fights the symptoms of seasonal conjunctivitis: itching, burning, swelling, redness of the mucous membrane.
• Dexamethasone and Hydrocortisone are used strictly as prescribed by the doctor. Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that relieves inflammation and allergic reactions. Hydrocortisone relieves inflammation, irritation, redness, and also reduces the migration of protective cells at the site of the inflammatory reaction.

Allergodil is an antiallergic drug that is used in the form of eye drops and nasal spray.

Vasoconstrictors

Such remedies are used for swelling and redness of the eye. Such unpleasant sensations may be the result of an allergic, inflammatory reaction or irritation. Constriction of blood vessels leads to swelling and swelling disappearing within just a few minutes. You can use vasoconstrictor drugs strictly as directed by a doctor and for a short time, as they can be addictive.

Let's take a closer look at the representatives of the vasoconstrictor group:

• Octilia. The drug belongs to alpha-adrenergic agonists. Tetrizoline, the active component of Octilia, constricts blood vessels, relieves swelling, stimulates the outflow of intraocular fluid and causes pupil dilation. The product relieves unpleasant symptoms of eye irritation: lacrimation, itching, burning, pain;
• Okumetil. This is a combined anti-inflammatory agent with antiallergic and antiseptic effects. Okumetil relieves swelling and irritation of the eye. After installation, the active component is able to be absorbed into the systemic bloodstream, which can cause serious side effects from internal organs;
• Visine. The active component is an alpha-adrenergic agonist - tetrizoline. Visine constricts blood vessels and relieves swelling. Within a minute, the effect of the drug appears, which lasts for four to eight hours.

Visin eye drops quickly constrict blood vessels

Antibacterial

Antibacterial drugs fight bacterial eye diseases. But it is a bacterial infection that most often becomes the cause of inflammatory processes. Let's talk about effective antibiotics in the form of drops:

• Tobrex. The active component of the drug is tobramycin. This is an antibiotic from the aminoglycoside group. Tobrex is used to treat infectious and inflammatory processes in people of any age, including newborns. Staphylococci, streptococci, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and diphtheria coli are sensitive to tobramycin;
• Digital The active ingredient is ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic from the fluoroquinolone group. Can cause adverse reactions in the form of allergic reactions;
• Phloxal. This is an antimicrobial drug to which gram-negative bacteria are most sensitive. Floxal is effective in the treatment of styes, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis and other diseases.

Antiviral

There are two types of antiviral drops:

• Virucidal chemotherapy drugs and interferons. These drugs destroy the viral infection.
• Immunomodulators. Strengthen the resistance, or resistance, of the body, making it easier for it to fight pathogens.

Poludan is an effective antiviral agent

Let's talk about four popular antiviral eye drops:

• Oftan I'm coming. Idoxuridine is the active component of the drug, which is a pyrimidine nucleotide. Its main disadvantage is poor penetration into the cornea and the inability to affect resistant strains of viruses and toxic substances. When Oftan Ida is instilled, itching, burning, pain, and swelling may occur;
• Oftalmoferon. This is a combination drug that has anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. The product is made based on human recombinant interferon. Ophthalmoferon also has local anesthetic and regenerative effects;
• Aktipol. The product not only has an antiviral effect, it has antioxidant, radioprotective and regenerative properties. Aktipol is quickly absorbed into the eye tissue and promotes wound healing, as well as relieving swelling;
• Poludan. Typically, drops are used in the treatment of adenoviral and herpetic lesions of the eye. Poludan also has an immunomodulatory effect. Sometimes the product can cause allergic side effects.

So, eye drops are effective drugs in the fight against various diseases of the visual system. These products are divided into different groups depending on the presence of the active ingredient. For bacterial lesions, antibacterial agents are used, but if the ophthalmological disorder is viral in nature, then specialists prescribe antiviral drops. In case of a fungal disease, antimycotic drops are prescribed. And this is not a complete list of all available eye medications.

Eye drops can be used not only for medicinal purposes, they are also used for prevention and diagnostic testing. Be that as it may, medications for the eyes should be prescribed by a doctor after an examination and an accurate diagnosis.

Almost everyone has an eye mite (Demodex). If you pull out a few cilia and look at them under a microscope, you can see a couple of mites with your own eyes. Their number increases if immunity decreases. As consequences of their vital activity, allergies, redness and thickening of the eyelids appear.

How to treat demodicosis of the eye

To get rid of demodicosis of the eyes, you must, firstly, wash your face with baby soap once a day, excluding the eye area. Then, with clean hands, begin massaging the upper and lower eyelids towards the eyelashes. Do this for 1.5-2 minutes. Then treat the edges of the eyelids with alcohol and ether, a special ointment and instill alkaline drops.

Many people believe that ticks are incurable. But medical practice shows that all sick people cope with the tick - provided that they massage the eyelids and thereby dislodge the tick. Unfortunately, very often the doctor does not warn about the need for this procedure, and if he prescribes it, the patient himself turns out to be not patient enough and gives up this activity already on the second or third day, limiting himself only to rubbing, ointment and drops.

As for castor oil, it is still prescribed by doctors of the old school (calendula tincture was also popular at one time in this regard). Take a match with cotton wool, dip it in calendula or oil and wipe the eyelid. We always recommend alcohol with ether, because ticks are easily killed by ether - ether vapors penetrate the glands in the eyelids where the tick hides. In any case, you must remember that you will never get rid of the tick if you do not massage your eyelids. Only in this case will all other treatment make sense.

Rhinitis is the medical name for the well-known runny nose. If it appears in an adult, it does not prevent him from working and living a normal life; in children, everything is much more complicated. The simplest runny nose really bothers them, they become restless, cry, are constantly capricious and even refuse to eat, because it is really very difficult for them to eat with a stuffy nose. The acute form of this problem is an acute nonspecific inflammatory process that is localized on the mucous surface of the nasal cavity.

Causes and main symptoms of the disease

As a rule, this form of runny nose is a direct consequence of local and general hypothermia of the body. In addition, acute rhinitis can accompany some infectious diseases that usually affect children. There are three stages in the development of acute rhinitis:

• Dry stage - the mucous membranes of the nasal passages are irritated, but there is no discharge yet.
• Serous discharge appears.
• The discharge becomes mucopurulent.

Dry stage

Acute rhinitis begins with unpleasant sensations of burning, excessive dryness, tickling in the nose, larynx and pharynx, and obsessive repeated sneezing appears. Nasal breathing may be slightly difficult at first, and then almost completely stopped due to the closure of the nasal passages by the swollen, thickened mucous membrane. Simultaneously with these symptoms, an audible nasal sound appears, the sense of smell sharply deteriorates and taste is significantly reduced.

Serous discharge

On the first day, a clear, watery liquid released from the vessels flows profusely from the nose. The chemical composition of this secretion then becomes more irritating to the mucous membranes, causing the skin under the nose to turn red.

Mucopurulent discharge

After some time, pus may be added to the mucus, which is initially grayish in color and then acquires a yellowish-green tint. This is explained by the fact that it contains leukocytes, lymphocytes and epithelium. After some time, the total amount of discharge decreases significantly, breathing and smell are restored, and after a week or two acute rhinitis stops completely. Sometimes the inflammatory process in children is significantly prolonged and can even spread to the pharynx, resulting in a high probability of developing nasopharyngitis and even acute otitis media of the middle ear, because inflammation from the nasopharynx can spread to the auditory tube.

Treatment of rhinitis in children

Nasal rinsing

In infants, mucus and dried crusts from the nasal passages are removed with cotton wool, sometimes vegetable oil is used to soften the crusts. For children under two years of age, it is usually recommended to rinse the nose with saline solutions, and then instill oil drops made from olive, corn or petroleum jelly.

If your baby’s nose is so stuffy that it’s difficult for him to breathe due to accumulated mucus, then you can use a nursery rubber bulb to draw mucus from the nasal passages. This must be done very carefully and only in cases of extreme necessity, because such a procedure, performed too often, can cause significant dryness of the mucous surfaces of the nose.

In order for the baby to eat normally, it is necessary to rinse and bury the nose before each feeding. Rinsing the nasal passages must be done extremely carefully, because careless actions can provoke otitis media.

Nasal drops

Vasoconstrictor drops

You can relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa with vasoconstrictor drops; they will help restore the patency of the nasal passages and significantly improve the airiness of the paranasal sinuses.

Anti-inflammatory drops

Anti-inflammatory drops will help cure the inflammatory process - Sofradex, Protargol and special combined drops, which contain antibiotics, Hydrocortisone, Ephedrine and Diphenhydramine in equal parts.

Alkaline drops

Using alkaline drops will help cope with large amounts of thick and viscous discharge. They not only thin out thick mucus, but also promote better expectoration and, subsequently, clearing of the nasal passages.

Let's sum it up

As a rule, acute rhinitis can be treated well if all the pediatrician’s recommendations are consistently and purposefully followed. But this type of rhinitis must be distinguished from chronic and allergic forms, because they require a different approach and treatment.

Today, the pharmaceutical market offers consumers a large number of medicines that are widely used in ophthalmology.

The choice is really huge, but most patients would like to choose one that is effective and does not break their pockets.

Such a drug exists. These are Sulfacyl sodium eye drops, its other name is Albucid.

In this article we will take a detailed look at this medicine and review the opinions of people who have already tested its effect on themselves.

Instructions for the drug

Albucid drops are a water-based solution of sulfacetamide with a slightly alkaline reaction, therefore they are safe for the eyes. The international name of the drug is Sulfacetamide.

The drug is an antibacterial (antimicrobial) agent and is actively used in ophthalmology today. This is an antiseptic that differs from antibiotics in the nature of its origin, which they owe to aniline dyes.

Beneficial Therapeutic Properties

Sodium sulfacyl is able to stop the reproduction and development of bacterial microorganisms, which significantly increases the chances of the immune system to overcome the infection. The mechanism of action is quite simple. Microbes require para-aminobenzoic acid to reproduce.

Sulfonamides, which form the basis of the drug, are chemically similar to this acid. Thanks to this, they replace it, reacting with bacteriological organisms, disrupting their vital functions, even to the point of destruction.

Sulfacyl sodium quite easily penetrates into the eye tissues and fluids, and is also able to be absorbed into the circulatory system. It disrupts amino acid synthesis in most known pathogens.

It is active against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria: gonococci, chlamydia, staphylococci, pneumococci, actinomycetes, streptococci, Escherichia coli (colibacillary infections), toxoplasma, shigella, etc.

Compound

Sodium sulfacyl is an ophthalmic drug, which is an aqueous sterile solution of the main active ingredient.

Eye drops are a homogeneous transparent liquid with a slight odor. The active substance in eye drops is sulfacetamide.

The dosage of this main component varies depending on the age of the patient. Drops for children contain 0.2 g per 1 ml of aqueous solution, the drug for adults – 0.3 g. for the same amount of water.

The drug also contains the following components:

• sodium sulfidetrioxosulfate;
• purified water base;
• hydrogen chloride.

Indications for use of sodium sulfacyl

The drug is prescribed for the following eye pathologies:

• Purulent ulcers of the cornea - the drug quickly stops the process of suppuration, and then shortens the healing time of the cornea.
• Gonorrheal eye diseases.
• Blennorea (eye damage of gonococcal nature) - in addition to treatment, the drug is used as an effective prophylactic against this pathology in newborns.
• A prophylactic against possible inflammatory processes from the negative effects on the eyes of foreign bodies, sand, dust, etc.
• A prophylactic agent in the postoperative period, preventing further spread of infection.

Dosage and application features

Sodium sulfacyl is instilled behind the lower eyelids, into the conjunctival sacs, closer to the inside of the eye. For one instillation, 2-3 drops of the product are enough. The procedure should be repeated every 5 hours for a period determined by the doctor. As a rule, the treatment process does not last more than 10 days.

For newborns, the drug is instilled twice - immediately, and then a couple of hours after birth. If the drug is used for the first time, then you need to pierce a hole in the bottle by screwing the cap all the way.

Before carrying out the instillation procedure, it is necessary to heat the drug to body temperature, holding it in your palms.

This way you will significantly reduce the risk of adverse reactions. Then the solution is instilled by lightly pressing the body of the bottle.

An important fact is that sodium sulfacyl is first instilled into the eye with less pronounced symptoms of the inflammatory process.

Even if only one eye is affected, it is still necessary to treat both in order to avoid infection of the healthy organ of vision. The instillation procedure should be carried out in a lying or sitting position, with the head tilted back slightly.

By the way, Sulfacyl sodium eye drops are used not only for the eyes. The drug is often used in pediatrics. Doctors prescribe it to children for the treatment of prolonged runny nose (drop the drug into the nose), as well as acute otitis media (drop it into the ears).

Contraindications

The use of Sulfacyl sodium is contraindicated for people who have individual hypersensitivity to the drug itself or to its individual components.

The drug is harmless during lactation and pregnancy, but only with the permission of a doctor.

Studies have shown the presence of intolerance (cross-allergy) to the drug in people with hypersensitivity to drugs such as Diacarb, Glibenclamide, Hypothiazide, Furosemide and the like.

Important! Drugs such as anesthesin, dicaine, novocaine significantly reduce the effectiveness of Sulfacyl sodium; salicylates and diphenine increase the toxicity of the drug. This medication is incompatible with medications containing silver salts (collargol, protargol, etc.).

Do not use the product when wearing contact lenses. Before instillation, they must be removed, otherwise the lenses will become cloudy. The patient can use them half an hour after the instillation procedure.

Possible side effects

When treated with Sulfacil sodium, patients may experience the following reactions:

• Swelling of the eyelids
• Unpleasant pain and itching in the eyes
• Local allergic reactions (runny nose, sneezing, tingling in the eyes, etc.)
• A whitish coating on the eyelids is not a big deal, it’s just that excess medication flows out of the eyes and dries on the skin.

If the patient overdoes it with the frequency of instillation, then he begins to be bothered by a painful burning and pain in the eyes, tearfulness, and the feeling of a foreign body in the eyes. If such symptoms occur, you should immediately stop using the drug and consult a specialist to review the concentration and dosage.